Ladder type bioretention belt based on terrain adaptation
By designing a stepped bioretention zone, the problem of insufficient terrain adaptability of bioretention facilities was solved, achieving effective treatment and uniform infiltration of rainwater runoff, and improving the drainage capacity of municipal roads.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- THE THIRD CONSTR CO LTD OF CHINA CONSTR THIRD ENG BUREAU
- Filing Date
- 2025-04-02
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-17
AI Technical Summary
Existing bioretention facilities are not adaptable to terrain and are difficult to adapt to changes in road slope, resulting in problems such as runoff erosion, uneven infiltration and overflow. In addition, the planting layer is prone to compaction, and the unreasonable spacing between the permeable blind pipe and the gravel layer leads to drainage lag.
A terrain-adaptive stepped bioretention zone is designed, which adopts multiple water-holding zones distributed longitudinally along the road in a stepped manner. Combined with rainwater inspection wells, permeable blind pipes and water-retaining weirs, it forms a multi-level energy dissipation unit. The concave bidirectional cross slope and impermeable membrane are used to improve the uniformity of infiltration, and the geotextile and impermeable membrane are combined to prevent compaction.
It achieves reduction of rainwater runoff pollution, lower runoff peak, and reduced runoff output, avoids runoff scouring and uneven infiltration, improves drainage efficiency and infiltration uniformity, and prevents overflow and backflow.
Smart Images
Figure CN224133865U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of municipal construction. More specifically, this utility model relates to a stepped bioretention zone based on terrain adaptation. Background Technology
[0002] With the acceleration of urbanization and the continuous increase in the paved area of municipal roads, traditional stormwater drainage systems face severe challenges. In the context of frequent extreme rainfall, the traditional "rapid drainage" model is prone to overloading the network and frequent flooding. Simultaneously, initial rainwater carrying road pollutants (such as oil, suspended particles, and heavy metals) is discharged directly into water bodies without treatment, causing serious non-point source pollution. While existing bioretention facilities can achieve rainwater infiltration and purification, they face significant technical bottlenecks in municipal road scenarios.
[0003] Existing bioretention facilities lack terrain adaptability: Traditional bioretention zones often employ a single slope design, making it difficult to adapt to changes in road slope (especially when the slope is >2%, problems such as runoff erosion and uneven infiltration can easily occur), leading to an imbalance in the distribution of aquifers and damage to plant roots. Some technologies use weirs to divide the water-holding zone, but they lack a stepped layout and a weir-barrier linkage mechanism, failing to achieve graded energy dissipation and uniform infiltration of rainwater on the slope.
[0004] The conflict between planting layer compaction and drainage safety is prominent: In conventional bioretention facilities, rainwater directly eroding the surface of the planting soil can easily lead to compaction, requiring frequent replacement of the surface medium and disrupting the continuity of plant growth. At the same time, unreasonable spacing between permeable blind pipes and gravel layers can easily cause drainage lag, posing a risk of overflow and backflow during heavy rain.
[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a terrain-adaptive, stepped bioretention system to solve the above problems. Utility Model Content
[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a terrain-adaptive stepped bioretention zone for roads with a longitudinal slope greater than 2%, which reduces initial stormwater runoff pollution, lowers stormwater runoff peaks, reduces runoff output, and avoids problems such as runoff scouring and uneven infiltration.
[0007] To achieve these objectives and other advantages according to this utility model, a terrain-adaptive stepped bioretention zone is provided, comprising a bioretention zone body and rainwater inspection wells disposed within the bioretention zone body. Rainwater pipes and permeable blind pipes are respectively buried longitudinally in the soil base and water storage layer of the bioretention zone body, and both the rainwater pipes and permeable blind pipes are connected to the rainwater inspection wells. Curb stones and curb stones are respectively provided on both longitudinal sides of the bioretention zone body. Multiple water-retaining weirs are evenly distributed longitudinally on the bioretention zone body. The water-retaining weirs transversely divide the water storage layer of the bioretention zone body, and their upper ends extend above the water storage layer. The multiple water-retaining weirs, together with the curb stones and curb stones, divide the water storage layer into multiple adjacent water-holding zones. The upper ends of the multiple water-holding zones gradually decrease along the longitudinal direction of the bioretention zone body to form a stepped distribution.
[0008] Furthermore, in the aforementioned terraced bioretention zone based on terrain adaptation, the water storage layer comprises, from bottom to top, a gravel layer, a sand filter layer, and a planting layer, and the permeable blind pipe is buried in the gravel layer.
[0009] Furthermore, in the aforementioned terraced bioretention zone based on terrain adaptation, geotextile is provided between the sand filter layer, the gravel layer, and the planting layer.
[0010] Furthermore, in the aforementioned stepped bioretention zone based on terrain adaptation, the upper end of the water storage layer is a concave bidirectional cross slope.
[0011] Furthermore, in the aforementioned stepped bioretention zone based on terrain adaptation, the slope ratios on both sides of the concave bidirectional cross slope are 1:2 and 1:1.5, respectively.
[0012] Furthermore, in the aforementioned terraced bioretention zone based on terrain adaptation, the water storage layer is wrapped with an impermeable membrane.
[0013] Furthermore, in the aforementioned terraced bioretention zone based on terrain adaptation, the curbstone and kerbstone are provided with notches.
[0014] Furthermore, in the aforementioned stepped bioretention zone based on terrain adaptation, a sedimentation trough corresponding to the opening is provided in the water-holding area.
[0015] Furthermore, in the aforementioned terraced bioretention zone based on terrain adaptation, a circular rainwater overflow outlet is provided at the upper opening of the rainwater inspection well.
[0016] Furthermore, in the aforementioned terraced bioretention zone based on terrain adaptation, the curb stones and kerbstones are permeable bricks.
[0017] Furthermore, in the aforementioned stepped bioretention zone based on terrain adaptation, the upper end of the soil base of the bioretention zone body is set in a stepped manner along the longitudinal direction.
[0018] The beneficial effects of this utility model are:
[0019] In this utility model, the upper ends of multiple water-holding zones are distributed in a stepped manner along the longitudinal direction of the road. Each water-holding zone works independently, forming a multi-level energy dissipation unit, realizing dynamic zoning, reducing runoff velocity, extending rainwater retention time, and improving infiltration uniformity. This can reduce initial rainwater runoff pollution, reduce rainwater runoff peak, and reduce runoff output.
[0020] Other advantages, objectives and features of this invention will be partly apparent from the following description, and partly understood by those skilled in the art through study and practice of this invention. Attached Figure Description
[0021] Figure 1 This is a top view of the stepped bioretention zone described in this utility model;
[0022] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Sectional view at point AA;
[0023] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Sectional view at point BB;
[0024] Figure 4 for Figure 1 Sectional view at CC;
[0025] Figure 5 for Figure 1 Sectional view at point DD;
[0026] Figure 6 for Figure 1 Sectional view at EE.
[0027] The reference numerals in the attached figures are as follows:
[0028] 1. Rainwater inspection well; 2. Subgrade; 3. Rainwater pipe; 4. Permeable blind pipe; 5. Curbstone; 6. Weir; 7. Gravel layer; 8. Sand filter layer; 9. Planting layer; 10. Geotextile; 11. Impermeable membrane; 12. Opening; 13. Sedimentation trough; 14. Circular rainwater overflow outlet; 15. Water-holding area; 16. Detailed Implementation
[0029] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, so that those skilled in the art can implement it based on the description.
[0030] It should be noted that in the description of this utility model, the terms "horizontal", "longitudinal", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", and "outer" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.
[0031] like Figures 1-6 As shown, an embodiment of this utility model provides a terrain-adaptive stepped bioretention zone, including a bioretention zone body and a rainwater inspection well 1 disposed within the bioretention zone body. Rainwater pipes 3 and permeable blind pipes 4 are buried longitudinally in the soil base 2 and water storage layer of the bioretention zone body, respectively. Both the rainwater pipes 3 and permeable blind pipes 4 are connected to the rainwater inspection well 1. Curbstones 5 and curbstones 6 are respectively provided on both longitudinal sides of the bioretention zone body. Multiple water-retaining weirs 7 are evenly distributed longitudinally on the bioretention zone body. The water-retaining weirs 7 transversely divide the water storage layer of the bioretention zone body, and their upper ends extend above the water storage layer. The multiple water-retaining weirs 7, together with the curbstones 5 and curbstones 6, divide the water storage layer into multiple adjacent water-holding zones 16. The upper ends of the multiple water-holding zones 16 gradually decrease along the longitudinal direction of the bioretention zone body to form a stepped distribution.
[0032] In this embodiment, for sections of the road with a longitudinal slope greater than 2%, a bioretention zone is set longitudinally between the carriageway and the sidewalk. This bioretention zone is longitudinally divided into multiple independent water-holding zones 16, such as... Figure 3 As shown, multiple water-holding zones 16 gradually decrease in elevation along the longitudinal slope of the road, forming a stepped distribution. The height of each water-holding zone 16 matches the corresponding road height. The water storage layer within each water-holding zone 16 is separated on both sides by weirs 7, allowing each water-holding zone 16 to store water independently. The cross-section of a typical section of the bioretention zone is shown in the figure. Figure 4 As shown, the cross-section of the overflow section is as follows: Figure 6 As shown. When the bioretention zone operates, specifically: rainwater is preferentially treated in terms of water quality and quantity through infiltration (infiltrated rainwater is collected through natural infiltration within the water storage layer or by permeable blind pipes 4); rainwater exceeding the infiltration capacity continuously accumulates in the water-holding zone 16, and when the water level exceeds the top height of the gravel barrier, it overflows into the next water-holding zone 16; as the water level further increases, excess rainwater will overflow directly into the rainwater inspection well 1 through the circular rainwater overflow outlet 15. Each water-holding zone 16 collects rainwater from different road sections, improving infiltration uniformity, preventing rainwater from directly eroding the surface of the planting soil down the slope, reducing runoff velocity, extending rainwater retention time, improving drainage efficiency, and preventing overflow and backflow during heavy rain.
[0033] During actual construction of municipal roads, the longitudinal slope of the same road section is not uniform and changes continuously. Therefore, a single slope design for bioretention facilities is difficult to adapt to changes in road slope. As an extension, the stepped bioretention strip in this embodiment can be combined with traditional bioretention strip structures. Specifically:
[0034] In sections of the road with a longitudinal slope of no more than 2%, a bioretention zone is set between the carriageway and the sidewalk. The bioretention zone is similar in structure to the stepped bioretention zone of this application, except that the upper ends of multiple adjacent water-holding zones 16 are not distributed in a stepped manner, and no weir 7 is set between adjacent water-holding zones 16. Instead, a gravel barrier is set, which is 20cm higher than the bottom of the water-holding zone 16. The rainwater collected by the bioretention zone is preferentially treated for water quality and quantity through infiltration (infiltrated rainwater is collected through natural infiltration in the water storage layer or permeable blind pipes 4); rainwater exceeding the infiltration capacity continues to accumulate in the water-holding zone 16. When the water storage height exceeds the top height of the gravel barrier, it will overflow to the next water-holding zone 16; as the water storage height further increases, the excess rainwater will overflow directly to the rainwater inspection well 1 through the overflow outlet (the overflow outlet is 20cm higher than the bottom of the water-holding zone 16).
[0035] In sections of the road with a longitudinal slope greater than 2% but less than 7%, a stepped bioretention strip as described in this embodiment is set between the carriageway and the sidewalk.
[0036] In sections of the road with a longitudinal slope greater than 7%, no bioretention strips will be set up between the carriageway and the sidewalk; instead, general green belts will be used to maintain the overall landscape integrity.
[0037] Preferably, in another embodiment of the present invention, the water storage layer includes a gravel layer 8, a sand filter layer 9 and a planting layer 10 from bottom to top, the permeable blind pipe 4 is buried in the gravel layer 8, and plants are planted on the planting layer 10.
[0038] In this embodiment, the planting layer 10, the sand filter layer 9, and the gravel layer 8 form a gradient permeability structure, creating a multi-layered media synergistic anti-caking system to reduce the probability of surface caking.
[0039] Preferably, in another embodiment of the present invention, geotextile 11 is provided between the sand filter layer 9, the gravel layer 8 and the planting layer 10, and the water storage layer is wrapped with an impermeable membrane 12.
[0040] In this embodiment, the bio-retention strip body adopts a two-layer fabric and one-layer membrane (geotextile 11-permeable membrane 12-geotextile 11) full-coverage design combined with geogrid anchoring in the cut and fill areas, which effectively inhibits the failure of the permeable layer caused by roadbed deformation, improves the tensile strength of the permeable system, and greatly reduces the leakage rate.
[0041] Preferably, in another embodiment of the present invention, the upper end of the water storage layer is a concave bidirectional transverse slope.
[0042] In this embodiment, such as Figure 4-6 As shown, the upper end of the aquifer is a concave bidirectional cross slope, which causes the water in the water-holding zone 16 to converge towards the middle.
[0043] Preferably, in another embodiment of the present invention, the slope ratios of the two sides of the concave bidirectional cross slope are 1:2 and 1:1.5, respectively.
[0044] In this embodiment, such as Figure 5-6 As shown, the bioretention zone is set between the roadway and the sidewalk. The slope ratio of the backfilled planting soil on the side of the concave bidirectional cross slope closer to the roadway is 1:2, and the slope ratio of the backfilled planting soil on the side closer to the sidewalk is 1:1.5. The side slopes on both sides of the concave bidirectional cross slope are relatively gentle, which can ensure the depth of the water storage layer and the thickness of the planting soil in the water storage layer, so that the vegetation planted in the planting soil can grow stably.
[0045] Preferably, as another embodiment of the present invention, the curbstone 5 and the curb 6 are provided with notches 13.
[0046] In this embodiment, openings 13 are provided on the curbstone 5 and the curb 6 to facilitate the rapid flow of water from the sidewalk and the roadway into the water-holding area 16.
[0047] Preferably, as another embodiment of the present invention, the water holding area 16 is provided with a sedimentation tank 14 corresponding to the notch 13.
[0048] In this embodiment, a sedimentation trough 14 corresponding to the opening 13 is provided in the water holding area 16. The sedimentation trough 14 collects sand and gravel in the water flow, making it easy to clean and preventing them from remaining in the water holding area 16.
[0049] Preferably, as another embodiment of the present invention, the upper opening of the rainwater inspection well 1 is provided with a circular rainwater overflow outlet 15.
[0050] In this embodiment, the circular rainwater overflow outlet 15 can adopt an existing structure.
[0051] Preferably, in another embodiment of the present invention, the curbstone 5 and the curb stone 6 are permeable bricks.
[0052] In this embodiment, the curbstone 5 and the curb stone 6 are permeable bricks, which facilitates the flow of water from the sidewalk and the roadway into the water-holding area 16.
[0053] Preferably, as another embodiment of the present invention, the upper end of the soil base 2 of the bioretention zone body is arranged in a stepped manner along the longitudinal direction.
[0054] In this embodiment, such as Figure 3 As shown, during the construction of the soil base 2 of the bioretention zone, its upper end is processed into a stepped shape that matches multiple water-holding zones 16, thereby ensuring that the height of each water-holding zone 16 is the same, thus making its water-holding effect the same and the infiltration of the bioretention zone more uniform.
[0055] Although the embodiments of this utility model have been disclosed above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the specification and embodiments. They can be applied to various fields suitable for this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other modifications can be easily made. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and their equivalents, this utility model is not limited to the specific details and embodiments shown and described herein.
Claims
1. A terrain-adaptive stepped bioretention zone, comprising a bioretention zone body and rainwater inspection wells disposed within the bioretention zone body, wherein rainwater pipes and permeable blind pipes are longitudinally buried in the soil foundation and water storage layer of the bioretention zone body, respectively, and both the rainwater pipes and permeable blind pipes are connected to the rainwater inspection wells, characterized in that, The bioretention zone body has curb stones and curb stones on its longitudinal sides, and multiple water-retaining weirs are evenly distributed along the longitudinal direction of the bioretention zone body. The water-retaining weirs laterally divide the water storage layer of the bioretention zone body, and their upper ends extend above the water storage layer. The multiple water-retaining weirs, together with the curb stones and curb stones, divide the water storage layer into multiple adjacent water-holding zones. The upper ends of the multiple water-holding zones gradually decrease along the longitudinal direction of the bioretention zone body to form a stepped distribution.
2. A topography-adapted stepped bioretention strip according to claim 1, wherein, The water storage layer comprises a gravel layer, a sand filter layer, and a planting layer from bottom to top, and the permeable blind pipe is buried in the gravel layer.
3. A topography-adapted stepped bioretention strip according to claim 2, wherein, Geotextile is provided between the sand filter layer, the gravel layer, and the planting layer.
4. A topography-adapted stepped bioretention strip according to claim 1, wherein, The upper end of the water storage layer has a concave bidirectional transverse slope.
5. A topography-adapted stepped bioretention strip according to claim 4, wherein, The slope ratios on both sides of the concave bidirectional cross slope are 1:2 and 1:1.5, respectively.
6. A topography-adapted stepped bioretention strip according to claim 1, wherein, The water storage layer is wrapped with a seepage-proof membrane.
7. A topography-adapted stepped bioretention strip according to claim 1, wherein, The curbstone and kerbstone are provided with notches.
8. A topography-adapted stepped bioretention strip according to claim 7, wherein, The water-holding area is equipped with a sedimentation tank corresponding to the opening.
9. A topography-adapted stepped bioretention strip according to claim 1, wherein, The upper opening of the rainwater inspection well is equipped with a circular rainwater overflow outlet.
10. A topography-adapted stepped bioretention strip according to claim 1, wherein, The upper part of the soil base of the bioretention zone is set in a stepped manner along the longitudinal direction.