Geological disaster crack measuring device

Abstract

The utility model discloses a geological disaster crack measuring device comprising a measuring rod arranged in a crack; the two supporting assemblies are oppositely arranged on the two sides of the measuring rod and jointly form a V-shaped supporting mechanism, any supporting assembly comprises a suspension section, one end of the suspension section is hinged to the measuring rod, and the other end of the suspension section extends upwards in an inclined mode and abuts against the top end of the side face of the corresponding crack; one end of the supporting section is fixed to the ground through an anchoring device, and the other end of the supporting section is hinged to the top end, corresponding to the crack side face, of the suspension section; the two tilt angle sensors are respectively fixed on the two suspension sections; and the two GNSS receivers are respectively fixed at the tops of the two anchoring devices. The measuring rod is hung between the two side faces of the crack and adapts to position changes of end points on the two sides of the opening face of the crack through the V-shaped supporting mechanism, judgment of crack displacement and relative displacement is achieved through angle changes of the hanging section and changes of anchoring coordinates of the supporting section, and comprehensiveness and accuracy of geological crack measurement are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of surveying and mapping technology. More specifically, this utility model relates to a geological disaster crack measuring device. Background Technology

[0002] Geological fissures are cracks or faults formed by the fracturing and displacement of surface or underground rock and soil masses due to natural or human factors. They typically appear on the ground as fissures of a certain width and depth. If the fissures are large, deep, or continue to develop (extend and expand), they can easily trigger related problems such as ground subsidence, building damage, and ecological destruction. Therefore, continuous monitoring of geological fissures is of great significance for the prevention and control of geological disasters.

[0003] Existing technologies typically employ wire-pole crack gauges to measure the width of geological cracks. The gauge body and the anchor end of the wire-pole sensor are fixed to both sides of the monitored area where the crack appears. The displacement of the crack is determined by reading the extension and retraction of the wire-pole sensor. While this measurement device enables long-term, continuous monitoring of crack width, it primarily measures the change in crack width within a set projection plane. It cannot accurately determine the individual and relative displacements of the two crack sides in different directions (width and height). Furthermore, the crack width change is based on the relative displacement of the two endpoints of the wire-pole sensor. Considering the installation stability of the crack gauge, the installation positions of these two endpoints (the gauge body and the wire-pole sensor anchor end) are at a certain distance from the corresponding crack side. Under the influence of irregular movements of the rock / soil layers on both sides of the crack, the extension and retraction of the wire-pole sensor cannot accurately reflect the dimensional changes of the crack itself.

[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, it is necessary to design a geological hazard crack measurement device to improve the comprehensiveness and accuracy of geological crack measurement. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a geological disaster crack measurement device. The measuring rod is hung between the two sides of the crack and the V-shaped support mechanism adapts to the positional changes of the two ends of the crack opening. By changing the angle of the suspension section and the anchoring coordinates of the support section, the device can judge the displacement and relative displacement of the two crack sides in different directions, thereby improving the comprehensiveness and accuracy of geological crack measurement.

[0006] To achieve these objectives and other advantages according to the present invention, a geological hazard crack measuring device is provided, comprising:

[0007] A measuring rod is positioned inside the crack at the location to be measured, along the length of the crack.

[0008] Two support components are arranged opposite each other on both sides of the measuring rod to form a V-shaped support mechanism. Each support component includes one or more support units, which are spaced apart along the length of the measuring rod. Each support unit includes a suspension section and a support section. One end of the suspension section is hinged to the measuring rod, and the other end extends obliquely upward along the width of the crack and abuts against the top of the corresponding crack side. One end of the support section is fixed to the ground by an anchoring device, and the other end extends along the width of the crack toward the suspension section and is hinged to it at the top of the corresponding crack side.

[0009] Two tilt sensors are respectively fixed on the suspension sections of the two support assemblies;

[0010] Two GNSS receivers are respectively fixed to the top of the anchoring devices of the two support assemblies;

[0011] The controller is electrically connected to the two tilt sensors and the two GNSS receivers, respectively.

[0012] Preferably, the geological hazard crack measuring device further includes: a plurality of weight blocks, which are spaced apart at the bottom of the measuring rod along the length direction, and any weight block is fixedly connected to the measuring rod by a sling.

[0013] Preferably, in the geological disaster crack measuring device, a horizontal laser ranging device is provided on both sides of the weight block, with the laser emission direction being horizontally facing the side of the adjacent crack, and a vertical laser ranging device is provided at the bottom of the weight block, with the laser emission direction being vertically downward.

[0014] Preferably, in the geological disaster crack measuring device, the support units on both sides of the measuring rod are alternately arranged at intervals along the length of the measuring rod, and the support sections of each support unit of the same support component are fixed to the ground by the same anchoring device.

[0015] Preferably, the geological hazard crack measuring device includes a support section comprising a reel, the outer casing of which is fixed to the ground by an anchoring device; a protective tube laid on the ground, one end of which is fixedly connected to the outlet end of the reel, and the other end extending along the width direction of the crack to the top of the corresponding crack side; a connecting seat fixed to the inner side of the protective tube near the crack end, and the top of the suspension section is hinged to the connecting seat; and a first cable, one end of which is fixed to the drum of the reel and wound around it circumferentially, and the other end passing through the outlet end of the reel into the protective tube and fixed to the connecting seat.

[0016] Preferably, in the geological hazard crack measuring device, the suspension section includes a second cable, which is disposed between the measuring rod and the connecting seat and has one end hinged to the measuring rod via a pull ring;

[0017] The connecting seat includes a fixed shaft that passes through the protective tube in a horizontal radial direction and is fixedly connected to it; a pulley that is fitted on the fixed shaft and rotatably connected to it, the pulley being located inside the protective tube and having a continuous thread along the axial direction on its surface; and two nuts that are fitted onto the two ends of the pulley and are threadedly connected to it.

[0018] The first cable and the second cable are continuously arranged cables, one end of which is fixed to the drum of the cable reel, and the other end passes through the cable reel outlet into the protective tube, turns after passing around the pulley, and is hinged to the measuring rod through the pull ring.

[0019] Preferably, in the geological disaster crack measuring device, when the continuously arranged cable passes through the pulley, the intersection of its inlet and outlet directions is located at the lower part of the pulley; the bottom of the protective tube has an outlet groove, which is located directly below the connecting seat and connects the inner and outer sides of the protective tube.

[0020] Preferably, the geological hazard crack measuring device includes an anchoring device comprising an anchor hole located on the ground at the designed anchoring position corresponding to the support unit; an anchor post, one end of which is anchored downward into the stratum from the inner bottom surface of the anchor hole, and the other end extending vertically upward through the anchor hole; a concrete backfill layer that fills the space between the anchor post and the anchor hole; and a concrete reinforcement layer that is fitted onto the outside of the anchor post and supported on the ground, wherein the concrete reinforcement layer and the concrete backfill layer are cast integrally.

[0021] This utility model has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0022] This invention hangs a measuring rod between the two sides of a crack and uses a V-shaped support mechanism to adapt to the positional changes of the endpoints on both sides of the crack opening. By detecting the angle changes of each suspension section, it achieves contact measurement of the relative displacement of the endpoints on both sides of the crack opening in different directions. Combined with the changes in the anchoring coordinates of the corresponding support section, it can determine the individual displacement of the two crack sides in different directions, effectively improving the comprehensiveness and accuracy of geological crack measurement.

[0023] Other advantages, objectives and features of this invention will be partly apparent from the following description, and partly understood by those skilled in the art through study and practice of this invention. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the elevation structure of a geological disaster crack measuring device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of the geological disaster crack measuring device described in the above embodiments;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram (sectional view) of the front elevation connection structure of the connector described in the above embodiments.

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram (sectional view) of the side elevation connection structure of the connecting seat described in the above embodiments.

[0028] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0029] 11. Measuring rod; 12. Pull ring; 2. Suspension section; 21. Second cable; 3. Support section; 31. Cable reel; 32. Protective tube; 321. Cable outlet groove; 33. Connecting seat; 331. Fixed shaft; 332. Pulley; 333. Nut; 34. First cable; 41. Anchor post; 42. Anchor head; 43. Concrete backfill layer; 44. Concrete reinforcement layer; 5. Tilt sensor; 6. GNSS receiver; 71. Counterweight; 72. Suspension cable; 81. Lateral laser ranging device; 82. Vertical laser ranging device; 9. Crack side. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, so that those skilled in the art can implement it based on the description.

[0031] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods described in the following embodiments are all conventional methods, and the reagents and materials described are all commercially available unless otherwise specified. In the description of this utility model, the terms "lateral", "longitudinal", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", and "outer" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.

[0032] like Figure 1-4 As shown, this utility model provides a geological disaster crack measuring device, comprising:

[0033] The measuring rod 11 is positioned inside the crack along its length at the location to be measured.

[0034] Two support components are arranged opposite each other on both sides of the measuring rod 11 and together form a V-shaped support mechanism. Each support component includes one or more support units, which are spaced apart along the length of the measuring rod. Each support unit includes a suspension section 2 and a support section 3. One end of the suspension section 2 is hinged to the measuring rod 11, and the other end extends obliquely upward along the width of the crack and abuts against the top of the corresponding crack side 9. One end of the support section 3 is fixed to the ground by an anchoring device, and the other end extends along the width of the crack toward the suspension section 2 and is hinged to it at the top of the corresponding crack side 9.

[0035] Two tilt sensors 5 are respectively fixed on the suspension sections of the two support components;

[0036] Two GNSS receivers 6 are respectively fixed to the top of the anchoring devices of the two support assemblies;

[0037] The controller is electrically connected to the two tilt sensors 5 and the two GNSS receivers 6, respectively.

[0038] In the above technical solution, the measuring rod is located at a certain depth inside the crack. The suspension section and the support section of the same support unit are located in the same vertical plane. The hinge axis between the suspension section and the measuring rod, and the hinge axis between the suspension section and the support section are both parallel to the axis of the measuring rod. The measuring rod connects all support units into one unit, so that the two support components form a movable V-shaped support mechanism. Its two ends are respectively pressed against the endpoints on both sides of the crack opening surface and anchored after extending a distance outward along the ground surface, so that the hinge point between the suspension section and the support section can move synchronously with the change of the crack opening surface. At this time, the two endpoints of the suspension section and their intersections along the horizontal and vertical directions respectively form a right triangle with a fixed hypotenuse length (i.e., the length of the suspension section). The tilt sensor is used to measure the tilt angle of the corresponding suspension segment relative to the horizontal plane. Based on the angle measurement value of the corresponding tilt sensor and the length of the suspension segment, the horizontal and vertical distances between the top of the adjacent crack side and the measuring rod can be obtained through trigonometric function conversion. By integrating and comparing the horizontal and vertical distances between the top of the two crack sides and the measuring rod, the width of the crack and the height difference between the two sides can be calculated. Specifically, the crack width is the sum of the horizontal distances between the top of each crack side and the measuring rod. On this basis, the diameter of the measuring rod can be added as the distance between the hinge points of different support components and the measuring rod to compensate for the crack width calculation, that is, the crack width d = l1cosα1 + l2cosα2 + 2r, where l1 and l2 are the lengths of the suspension segments of the two support components, α1 and α2 are the angles (acute angles) between the suspension segments of the two support components and the horizontal plane, and r is the radius of the measuring rod; the height difference between the two sides of the crack is the difference in the vertical distances between the top of each crack side and the measuring rod. Initially, a known point in the vertical plane (such as the center of the measuring rod) is selected as the origin to establish a coordinate system, which can then be converted to obtain the specific position coordinates of the endpoints on both sides of the crack opening. During continuous monitoring, it is first determined whether the calculated values ​​of the crack width and the height difference between the two sides have changed at the current moment. If they have not changed, it is then determined whether the three-dimensional coordinates of the anchor points measured by the two GNSS receivers have changed. When the coordinates of the anchor points in the aforementioned vertical plane remain unchanged, it is determined that the crack state has not changed. When the coordinates of the two anchor points in the aforementioned vertical plane change synchronously (such as moving in the positive / negative x-axis or the positive / negative z-axis), it is determined that the two sides of the crack have experienced synchronous settlement / lateral displacement in the corresponding directions. The displacement can be approximated by the change in the coordinates of the anchor points.If the calculated value of the crack width or the difference in elevation between the two sides changes at the current moment, the settlement / lateral displacement trend of the corresponding crack side is determined based on the change in the real-time coordinates of each anchor point in the aforementioned vertical plane relative to the initial coordinates. The change in crack width or the difference in elevation between the two sides is then allocated to different crack sides according to the proportion of coordinate changes in each direction. For example, if the coordinates of the left anchor point move 2cm in the negative x-axis direction and the coordinates of the right anchor point move 1cm in the positive x-axis direction, the crack width increases by 3.6cm relative to the initial value. This increase is then allocated to the left and right crack sides in a 2:1 ratio, meaning the left crack side is determined to have shifted 2.4cm to the left and the right crack side to the right relative to the initial state. The controller receives real-time measurement data from the tilt sensor and GNSS receiver. The above calculation and judgment processes are all automatically executed by the controller, which outputs the final results. Fixed parameter values ​​required during the calculation process (such as the length of the suspended section) can be pre-entered into the controller program.

[0039] The measuring rod is made of a solid, high-density material (such as iron pipe) to ensure that the V-shaped support mechanism can be stably erected on the ground on both sides of the crack and adaptively press against the top (edge) of each crack side. All suspension sections and support sections are of the same length. When the support assembly includes multiple support units, two adjacent support units belonging to different support assemblies can be selected as representatives to install tilt sensors for measurement and calculation. Alternatively, tilt sensors can be installed on multiple support units, and the average angle measurement values ​​of multiple support units of the same support assembly can be taken as the angle value of that support assembly for subsequent calculations. The support sections can be made of materials capable of adaptive expansion and contraction to accommodate changes in the distance between the anchor end of the support section and the top of the corresponding crack side. The length of the suspension section remains constant, and the position of the endpoints on both sides of the crack opening is adapted to changes in position by the attitude change of the V-shaped support mechanism (relative rotation of the two suspension sections). During this process, the position of the measuring rod will also change accordingly. Conventional inclinometers can be used as tilt sensors, and integrated GNSS receivers can be used. Both can transmit the detected data to the controller via electrical signals.

[0040] In another technical solution, the geological disaster crack measuring device further includes: multiple weight blocks 71, which are spaced apart at the bottom of the measuring rod 11 along its length direction, and any weight block 71 is fixedly connected to the measuring rod 11 by a sling 72. This ensures the weighting effect of the measuring rod relative to the V-shaped support mechanism, keeping the measuring rod in a horizontally suspended state and improving the stability of the measuring device.

[0041] In another technical solution, the geological disaster crack measuring device includes horizontal laser ranging devices 81 on both sides of the weight block 71, with the laser emission direction being horizontally facing the adjacent crack side. A vertical laser ranging device 82 is located at the bottom of the weight block 71, with the laser emission direction vertically downwards. Both the horizontal and vertical laser ranging devices can be conventional laser rangefinders. The horizontal laser ranging device measures the crack width at a certain depth, which is the sum of the measurements from the two horizontal laser ranging devices and the horizontal distance between them (the width of the weight block). The vertical ranging device measures the crack height, which is the sum of the measurement from the vertical laser ranging device, the distance between the vertical laser ranging device and the measuring rod (a fixed value), and the vertical distance from the measuring rod to the top of the crack side (a calculated value). This data can be used as auxiliary data to comprehensively assess the displacement and deformation within the crack, further improving the comprehensiveness of the crack measurement data.

[0042] In another technical solution, the geological disaster crack measuring device has support units on both sides of the measuring rod arranged alternately along the length of the measuring rod. The support sections of each support unit of the same support component are fixed to the ground by the same anchoring device, thereby improving the support stability of the V-shaped support mechanism for the measuring rod and the overall anchoring integrity of the support component body.

[0043] In another technical solution, the geological disaster crack measuring device includes a support section 3 comprising a reel 31, the outer casing of which is fixed to the ground by an anchoring device; a protective tube 32 laid on the ground, one end of which is fixedly connected to the outlet end of the reel 31, and the other end extending along the width direction of the crack to the top of the corresponding crack side; a connecting seat 33 fixed to the inner side of the end of the protective tube near the crack, and the top of the suspension section is hinged to the connecting seat; and a first cable 34, one end of which is fixed to the drum of the reel 31 and wound around it circumferentially, and the other end passing through the outlet end of the reel 31 into the protective tube 32 and fixed to the connecting seat 33.

[0044] In the above technical solution, a conventional electric reel can be used. During installation, an installation groove can be pre-cut at the corresponding position on the ground along the direction of the protective pipe, and then the protective pipe can be clamped into the installation groove. The protective pipe can be a corrugated metal flexible hose. This flexible pipe structure can adapt to soil settlement and better feed back the displacement changes at the side of the crack to the suspension section of the support unit, improving measurement accuracy. During installation, ferrules can also be installed at intervals along the length of the protective pipe. These ferrules are fitted onto the outside of the protective pipe, with both sides of the ferrules extending horizontally to the ground on both sides of the installation groove, and then fixed to the ground by anchor rods or bolts. The first cable can be made of steel strand. On the one hand, the length of the first cable can be adjusted by the reel to be exactly equal to the design length from the anchor end of the support unit to the edge of the crack, making the device suitable for measuring the size of different cracks. On the other hand, the steel strand can adapt to the asynchronous soil deformation between the anchor end and the crack within a certain range, without affecting the accuracy of the measurement results on the suspension section between the connecting seat and the measuring rod. The connecting seat can be configured as a rod parallel to the axis of the measuring rod, with both ends fixedly connected to the inner wall of the protective tube. The end of the first cable is directly fixed to the rod. The top of the suspension section can be hinged to the rod via a shackle fitted on the rod (the top of the suspension section is fixedly connected to the shackle, and the shackle is rotatably connected to the rod), with the hinge axis being the axis of the rod. The connecting seat, as a transitional connector between the suspension section and the support section, is engaged at the top edge of the crack side and naturally presses against the crack edge under the downward tension of the suspension section. This allows the connecting seat to accurately shift with the deformation of the crack, thereby ensuring the authenticity and accuracy of the crack size data calculated by the tilt sensor.

[0045] In another technical solution, the geological disaster crack measuring device includes a second cable 21 in the suspension section 2, which is disposed between the measuring rod 11 and the connecting seat 33 and has one end hinged to the measuring rod 11 via a pull ring 12.

[0046] The connecting seat 33 includes a fixed shaft 331, which passes through the protective tube 32 in a horizontal radial direction and is fixedly connected to it; a pulley 332, which is fitted on the fixed shaft 331 and rotatably connected to it, the pulley 332 is located inside the protective tube 32 and has a continuous thread along the axial direction on its surface; and two nuts 333, which are fitted on opposite ends of the pulley 332 and threadedly connected to it.

[0047] The first cable 34 and the second cable 21 are continuously arranged cables. One end of the cable is fixed on the drum of the cable reel 31, and the other end passes through the cable outlet end of the cable reel 31 into the protective tube 32. After passing through the pulley 332, the cable turns and is hinged to the measuring rod 11 through the pull ring 12.

[0048] In the above technical solution, the pull ring is a ring-shaped structure nested in the limiting groove on the measuring rod. Its outer diameter is the same as the diameter of the measuring rod. The pull ring and the measuring rod are rotatably connected. The second cable is fixed on the pull ring to achieve a hinged connection with the measuring rod. The pulley and nut of the connecting seat together constitute the limiting mechanism for the cable, and the cable is wound between the two nuts. Before the device is used, the length of the suspension section (second cable) can be adjusted by the action of the cable reel (unwinding / rewinding), which allows for flexible adjustment of the length of the second cable according to actual needs (crack width range) to adapt to different crack width measurement ranges. After the length of the suspension section is determined, the two nuts are rotated to press the middle cable inward relative to each other, so that the position of the cable and the pulley is relatively fixed, thus forming a hinged connection structure between the suspension section and the support section at the fixed point (connecting seat), which can be used for normal measurement.

[0049] In another technical solution, in the geological disaster crack measuring device, when the continuously arranged cable passes through the pulley, the intersection of its inlet and outlet directions is located at the lower part of the pulley, allowing the top of the suspended section to better approach the crack edge, thereby improving the accuracy of calculating crack-related displacement data based on the inclination angle of the suspended section. The bottom of the protective tube 32 has an outlet groove 321, located directly below the connecting seat and connecting the inner and outer sides of the protective tube. The position and size of the outlet groove 321 correspond to the pulley 332 of the connecting seat 33. The length of the outlet groove is greater than or equal to the pulley diameter, and the height is less than the difference between the radius of the protective tube and the radius of the fixed shaft, allowing the cable to smoothly exit from the bottom of the pulley after passing through it and connect downwards to the measuring rod. Furthermore, the end of the protective tube near the crack extends to the top edge of the corresponding crack side, and the fixed shaft is located inside the corresponding crack side, ensuring that the intersection of the inlet and outlet directions of the cable at the pulley coincides as closely as possible with the crack edge, further improving the accuracy of the measurement data.

[0050] In another technical solution, the geological disaster crack measuring device includes an anchoring device comprising an anchor hole located on the ground at the designed anchoring position corresponding to the support unit; an anchor post 41, one end of which is anchored downward into the stratum from the inner bottom surface of the anchor hole, and the other end extending vertically upward through the anchor hole; a concrete backfill layer 43, which fills the space between the anchor post and the anchor hole; and a concrete reinforcement layer 44, which is fitted onto the outside of the anchor post 41 and supported on the ground, wherein the concrete reinforcement layer 44 and the concrete backfill layer 43 are integrally cast.

[0051] In the above technical solution, the anchor column 41 can be a precast concrete column with an anchor head 42 pre-embedded at its bottom end, with its tip pointing downwards for easy anchoring into the stratum. The anchor head can be a steel component. The top surface of the concrete backfill layer is flush with the opening surface of the anchor hole, and the bottom dimension of the concrete reinforcement layer is larger than the top dimension of the concrete backfill layer. During construction, anchor holes are first dug at the designed anchoring position of the support unit, and then the anchor column is fixed in the middle of the anchor hole through the anchor head. After the anchor column is fixed, the pouring template of the concrete reinforcement layer is installed on the ground, and then the concrete backfill layer and the concrete reinforcement layer are poured in an integrated manner. In this embodiment, the same support component includes two support units, with two support sections respectively located on both sides of the concrete reinforcement layer. One side of the anchoring end of any support section is attached to and fixedly connected to the side of the concrete reinforcement layer, and the bottom of the anchoring end of the support section is attached to and fixedly connected to the ground. The support section can be fixed to the concrete reinforcement layer and the ground by inserting anchor nails or other connectors.

[0052] Although the embodiments of this utility model have been disclosed above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the specification and embodiments. They can be applied to various fields suitable for this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other modifications can be easily made. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and their equivalents, this utility model is not limited to the specific details and the illustrations shown and described herein.

Claims

1. A geological disaster crack measuring device characterized by, include: A measuring rod is positioned inside the crack at the location to be measured, along the length of the crack. Two support components are arranged opposite each other on both sides of the measuring rod to form a V-shaped support mechanism. Each support component includes one or more support units, which are spaced apart along the length of the measuring rod. Each support unit includes a suspension section and a support section. One end of the suspension section is hinged to the measuring rod, and the other end extends obliquely upward along the width of the crack and abuts against the top of the corresponding crack side. One end of the support section is fixed to the ground by an anchoring device, and the other end extends along the width of the crack toward the suspension section and is hinged to it at the top of the corresponding crack side. Two tilt sensors are respectively fixed on the suspension sections of the two support assemblies; Two GNSS receivers are respectively fixed to the top of the anchoring devices of the two support assemblies; The controller is electrically connected to the two tilt sensors and the two GNSS receivers, respectively.

2. The geological hazard crack measuring apparatus of claim 1, wherein, Also includes: Multiple counterweights are spaced apart at the bottom of the measuring rod along its length, and any one of the counterweights is fixedly connected to the measuring rod by a sling.

3. The geological hazard crack measuring apparatus of claim 2, wherein, The counterweight is equipped with a horizontal laser ranging device on both sides, with its laser emission direction being horizontal and facing the side of the adjacent crack. The bottom of the counterweight is equipped with a vertical laser ranging device, with its laser emission direction being vertically downward.

4. The geological hazard crack measuring apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The support units located on both sides of the measuring rod are alternately arranged at intervals along the length of the measuring rod, and the support sections of each support unit of the same support assembly are fixed to the ground by the same anchoring device.

5. The geological hazard crack measuring apparatus of claim 1, wherein, The support section includes a cable reel, the outer casing of which is fixed to the ground by an anchoring device; a protective tube, which is laid on the ground, one end of which is fixedly connected to the cable reel's outlet end, and the other end extends along the width of the crack to the top of the corresponding crack side; a connecting seat, which is fixed to the inner side of the protective tube near the crack, and the top of the suspension section is hinged to the connecting seat; and a first cable, one end of which is fixed to the reel's drum and wound around it circumferentially, and the other end of which passes through the cable reel's outlet end, enters the protective tube, and is fixed to the connecting seat.

6. The geological hazard crack measuring apparatus of claim 5, wherein, The suspension section includes a second cable, which is disposed between the measuring rod and the connecting seat and has one end hinged to the measuring rod via a pull ring; The connecting seat includes a fixed shaft that passes through the protective tube in a horizontal radial direction and is fixedly connected to it; a pulley that is fitted on the fixed shaft and rotatably connected to it, the pulley being located inside the protective tube and having a continuous thread along the axial direction on its surface; and two nuts that are fitted opposite to each other at both ends of the pulley and are threadedly connected to it. The first cable and the second cable are continuously arranged cables, one end of which is fixed on the drum of the cable reel, and the other end passes through the outlet end of the cable reel and enters the protective tube. After passing through the pulley, the cable turns and is hinged to the measuring rod through the pull ring.

7. The geological hazard crack measuring apparatus of claim 6, wherein, When the continuously arranged cables pass through the pulley, the intersection of their inlet and outlet directions is located at the lower part of the pulley; the bottom of the protective tube has an outlet groove, which is located directly below the connecting seat and connects the inner and outer sides of the protective tube.

8. The geohazard fracture measurement device of claim 1, wherein, The anchoring device includes an anchor hole, which is opened on the ground at the designed anchoring position of the corresponding support unit; an anchor post, one end of which is anchored downward into the stratum from the inner bottom surface of the anchor hole, and the other end of which extends vertically upward through the anchor hole; a concrete backfill layer, which is used to fill the space between the anchor post and the anchor hole; and a concrete reinforcement layer, which is used to fit the outside of the anchor post and supported on the ground, wherein the concrete reinforcement layer and the concrete backfill layer are cast integrally.

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