Screening device for wheat with gibberellic disease

Abstract

The utility model discloses a screening device for wheat with gibberellic disease. The screening device comprises a discharging mechanism. The vibrating plate is arranged below the discharging mechanism and obliquely extends downwards; the vibrating mechanism A is arranged below the vibrating plate so as to drive the vibrating plate to generate high-frequency vibration; and the negative pressure suction mechanism is arranged at the tail end of the vibration plate so as to suck away the wheat with the gibberellic disease floating on the surface after vibration layering through negative pressure. Through the structure, the wheat with the gibberellic disease and the healthy wheat in the wheat are subjected to layering treatment, and then the wheat with the gibberellic disease on the upper layer is fully screened out, so that the percentage of the wheat with the gibberellic disease in the wheat is completely reduced to meet the grain storage standard, and the loss of farmers is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to a screening device, and more particularly to a screening device for wheat infected with Fusarium head blight. Background Technology

[0002] Wheat can be infected with Fusarium graminearum during its growth. If warm and humid conditions occur during the heading stage, it is highly susceptible to Fusarium head blight, resulting in diseased grains. It's important to understand that wheat grains infected with Fusarium head blight are inedible, and high levels of diseased grains can even pose food safety risks. Therefore, when the percentage of wheat infected with Fusarium head blight in a wheat field exceeds a certain threshold, the entire field of wheat will be treated as waste grain, losing all its market value. This represents a significant loss for farmers and a serious waste for society.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a screening device that can separate wheat grains infected with Fusarium head blight, so that grains that do not meet the requirements for storage can be brought back to meet the relevant standards. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a screening device for wheat infected with Fusarium head blight, so as to efficiently screen out wheat infected with Fusarium head blight.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution:

[0006] A screening device for wheat infected with Fusarium head blight, comprising:

[0007] Feeding mechanism;

[0008] A vibrating plate is installed below the feeding mechanism and extends downward at an angle;

[0009] Vibration mechanism A is located below the vibrating plate to drive the vibrating plate to generate high-frequency vibration;

[0010] The negative pressure suction mechanism is located at the tail end of the vibrating plate to suck away the Fusarium head blight-infected wheat that floats to the surface after vibration and stratification.

[0011] Preferably, the surface of the vibrating plate is provided with a wavy surface.

[0012] Preferably, the height difference between the crest and trough of the wave surface is 5-8 mm, and the wavelength is 20-30 mm.

[0013] Preferably, the angle between the vibrating plate and the horizontal plane is 15-20°.

[0014] Preferably, the vibration mechanism A includes a reset module, a horizontal vibrator, and a vertical vibrator. The reset module is connected to the four corners of the lower surface of the vibration plate, and the horizontal and vertical vibrators are connected to the lower surface of the vibration plate.

[0015] Preferably, the reset module includes a support frame with a horizontally extending guide rail on the support frame. A slide block is slidably mounted on the guide rail along its extension direction. A reset spring A is symmetrically arranged in the middle of the guide rail. A guide rod A is provided on the side of the slide block. The free end of the guide rod A is connected to the reset spring A to compress or stretch the reset spring A when the slide block slides left and right. A guide rod B is also slidably inserted into the slide block. The upper end of the guide rod B is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the vibration plate. The reset spring B is sleeved on the guide rod A, and the two ends of the reset spring B abut against the vibration plate and the slide block, respectively.

[0016] Preferably, the negative pressure suction mechanism includes a strip-shaped negative pressure suction port A, a pipe A, and a centrifugal fan A. The strip-shaped negative pressure suction port A is mounted on the tail end of the vibrating plate. One end of the pipe A is connected to the strip-shaped negative pressure suction port A, and the other end extends to the discharge point. The centrifugal fan A is connected to the pipe A to provide stable negative pressure to the strip-shaped negative pressure suction port A through the pipe A.

[0017] Preferably, it further includes a supplementary suction mechanism, which includes a strip-shaped negative pressure suction port B, a pipe B, a centrifugal fan B, a spectral scanner, and several valve plate assemblies. The strip-shaped negative pressure suction port B is mounted on the discharge end of the vibrating plate and located behind the strip-shaped negative pressure suction port A. The strip-shaped negative pressure suction port B has several horizontally arranged chambers. The valve plate assemblies are disposed in the chambers. The spectral scanner is disposed on the strip-shaped negative pressure suction port A and electrically connected to the valve plate assemblies so as to drive the valve plate assemblies to open and close the chambers they are in through the spectral scanner. One end of the pipe B is connected to the strip-shaped negative pressure suction port B, and the other end extends to the discharge point. The centrifugal fan B is disposed on the pipe B so as to provide a stable negative pressure to the strip-shaped negative pressure suction port B through the pipe B.

[0018] Preferably, the valve plate assembly includes a valve plate elastically hinged to the opening of the chamber and a winch mounted on the strip-shaped negative pressure suction port B. The winch is electrically connected to the corresponding spectral scanner, and a traction rope is wound on the winch and connected to the valve plate.

[0019] Preferably, it also includes a secondary screening mechanism, which includes a screen plate disposed below the discharge port of pipe A and pipe B, a vibration mechanism B disposed below the screen plate, the vibration mechanism B having the same structure as the vibration mechanism A, and a guide trough disposed below the screen plate.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are: Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention from another perspective;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the negative pressure suction mechanism and the supplementary suction mechanism;

[0024] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of vibration mechanism A and vibration mechanism B.

[0025] Reference numerals: 1. Feeding mechanism; 2. Vibrating plate; 3. Vibration mechanism A; 31. Reset module; 311. Support frame; 312. Guide rail; 313. Slide; 314. Spring A; 315. Guide rod A; 316. Guide rod B; 317. Reset spring B; 32. Horizontal vibrator; 33. Vertical vibrator; 4. Negative pressure suction mechanism; 41. Strip-shaped negative pressure suction port A; 42. Pipe A; 43. Centrifugal fan A; 5. Supplementary suction mechanism; 51. Strip-shaped negative pressure suction port B; 511. Chamber; 52. Pipe B; 53. Centrifugal fan B; 54. Spectrometer scanner; 55. Valve plate assembly; 551. Winch; 552. Traction rope; 553. Valve plate; 6. Secondary screening mechanism; 61. Screen plate; 62. Vibration mechanism B; 63. Feed trough. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The technical solution of this utility model will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this utility model. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this utility model.

[0027] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0028] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0029] like Figures 1-4 The device shown is a screening device for wheat infected with Fusarium head blight, including a feeding mechanism 1, a vibrating plate 2, a vibrating mechanism A, and a negative pressure suction mechanism 4.

[0030] The feeding mechanism 1 is used to store wheat grains with excessive levels of Fusarium head blight and to feed these grains evenly and uniformly onto the vibrating plate 2 located below the feeding mechanism 1.

[0031] Vibrating plate 2 is positioned below the discharge port of feeding mechanism 1 to catch wheat grains falling from the feeding mechanism. Vibrating plate 2 extends backward at an angle downward, and its lower end serves as a discharge port for discharging wheat with a scab-infected grain ratio that meets the standard.

[0032] Vibration mechanism A3 is installed on the lower surface of vibration plate 2 to drive vibration plate 2 to vibrate at high frequency, thereby realizing the vibration stratification of wheat on vibration plate 2.

[0033] The negative pressure suction mechanism 4 is set above the tail end of the vibrating plate 2 to perform negative pressure suction on the surface of the diseased grains of wheat that has been separated into healthy wheat and scab wheat through vibration.

[0034] It is important to understand that, in order to improve the vibration and stratification effect of wheat grains on the vibrating plate 2, so that high-density grains (healthy wheat) can better penetrate the surface and migrate downwards to the bottom, while low-density grains (wheat infected with Fusarium head blight) can better float upwards, the upper surface of the vibrating plate 2 in this design is a corrugated surface 21. In this scheme, the high-frequency vibrating plate 2 has an uneven corrugated structure on its surface. When the wheat rolls down from the top of the vibrating plate 2 due to gravity, it can irregularly impact the crests or troughs of the waves. When the grains impact the crests, they gain an upward projectile force, while when they slide into the troughs, the grains sink faster due to gravity and then impact the troughs again. At this time, the rebound force of the grains at the crests or troughs after impact is obviously inconsistent, that is, the grains in the region will generate asymmetrical rebound force, which will break up the wheat flow on the vibrating plate (in this scheme, the state in which the wheat maintains a stable relative position due to static friction during the downward movement is defined as: wheat flow) and present a "fluid-like" state. At this time, the efficiency of density stratification through vibration will be significantly improved, and the floating efficiency of low-density grains (wheat grains infected with Fusarium head blight) in the wheat will be greatly improved.

[0035] Based on the above implementation, preferably, the height difference between the crest and trough of the wave surface 21 is 5-8 mm (to provide sufficient rebound force difference to disrupt the integrity of the wheat flow), and the wavelength is 20-30 mm, to match the length of wheat grains (5-7 mm, to avoid wheat accumulating and clogging in the troughs).

[0036] Based on the above embodiments, it is preferred that the vibration mechanism A3 in this solution is connected to the vibration plate 2 so that the vibration plate can not only vibrate vertically, but also cause lateral disturbance, thereby improving the vibration plate's ability to disrupt the integrity of the wheat flow.

[0037] Specifically, the vibration mechanism A3 in this scheme includes a reset module 31 installed at the four corners of the bottom of the vibration plate 2, and a horizontal vibrator 32 and a vertical vibrator 33 installed on the bottom surface of the vibration plate. The horizontal vibrator is used to drive the vibration plate to cause lateral disturbance, while the vertical vibrator 33 is used to drive the vibration plate to cause vertical vibration. The reset module 31 is used for the reset operation after the vibration plate has vibrated.

[0038] It should be noted that in this design, to accommodate the horizontal and vertical vibrations of the vibrating plate, the reset module 31 includes a support frame 311. A guide rail 312 extending along the width of the vibrating plate is mounted on this support frame. Two slide blocks 313 are installed on the guide rail, allowing them to slide horizontally along the extension direction of the guide rail. Two reset springs A314 are installed at the middle position of the guide rail, symmetrically arranged and facing the slide block on their respective sides. Simultaneously, a guide rod A315 is fixedly connected to the slide block. The guide rod A is inserted into the reset spring A and stretches or compresses the reset spring A when the slide block slides relative to the guide rail. At the same time, a guide rod B316 is slidably inserted into the slide block. This guide rod B extends vertically (perpendicular to the vibrating plate direction), and its upper end is fixedly connected to the vibrating plate to guide its vertical movement. It should be noted that a return spring B317 is also fitted on the guide rod B. This return spring B is subjected to the stretching and compression of the vibrating plate when the vibrating plate vibrates up and down.

[0039] This solution, through the aforementioned structure, achieves both vertical and horizontal vibration functions of the vibrating plate, guiding the vibration pattern of the wheat grains passing through the vibrating plate into a composite form of vertical vibration and lateral disturbance. Under this form, the integrity of the wheat flow can be effectively disrupted, allowing healthy wheat grains to sink and wheat grains infected with Fusarium head blight to float.

[0040] like Figure 3 As shown, the negative pressure suction mechanism 4 in this scheme includes a strip-shaped negative pressure port A41, a pipe A42, and a centrifugal fan A43. The strip-shaped negative pressure port A41 is positioned above the discharge port at the rear end of the vibrating plate 2. One end of the pipe A42 is connected to the strip-shaped negative pressure port A41, and the other end extends to the outside of the vibrating plate 2, forming a discharge point for the Fusarium head blight-infected wheat. The centrifugal fan A43 is connected to the pipe A42 to provide continuous and stable negative pressure to the strip-shaped negative pressure port A41, thereby sucking away the Fusarium head blight-infected wheat floating on the surface. It should be noted that the negative pressure of the negative pressure suction mechanism 4 in this scheme can be adjusted according to the overall content of Fusarium head blight-infected wheat in the wheat, so that the negative pressure suction mechanism 4 can suck up a wheat layer with a thickness of 3-5 mm as needed.

[0041] Furthermore, it should be noted that after wheat passes through the negative pressure suction mechanism 4, the wheat grains infected with Fusarium head blight on the surface are removed, achieving a high level of wheat grain removal. However, the uneven distribution of diseased grains in wheat inevitably leads to some periods where the content of diseased grains is too high. When wheat passes through the negative pressure suction mechanism 4, the thickness of the diseased grain layer exceeds 3-5 mm, meaning that even after being removed by the negative pressure suction mechanism 4, some areas will still retain a large number of diseased wheat grains. Therefore, this solution also introduces a supplementary suction mechanism 5 to provide compensatory negative pressure suction to areas with a high residual number of diseased wheat grains.

[0042] Specifically, the supplementary suction mechanism 5 includes a strip-shaped negative pressure suction port B51, a pipe B52, and a centrifugal fan B53. The strip-shaped negative pressure suction port B51 is installed behind the strip-shaped negative pressure suction port A and also spans the tail end of the vibrating plate 2. One end of the pipe B52 is connected to the strip-shaped negative pressure port B, and the other end extends to the location reached by the pipe A. A centrifugal fan B is also connected to the pipe B to provide continuous negative pressure suction to the strip-shaped negative pressure suction port B51. It should be noted that in this design, to achieve precise suction in specific areas, the strip-shaped negative pressure suction port B51 is divided into several chambers 511 by internal partitions, each chamber being independently connected to the pipe B. A corresponding valve plate assembly 55 is installed in each chamber to control the opening and closing of the chamber.

[0043] It should be noted that a constant pressure valve can also be installed at the connection point between the chamber and pipe B to ensure that the negative pressure of the adjacent chamber is not affected when it is opened or closed.

[0044] As a structure for controlling the supplementary suction mechanism 5 to supplement the negative pressure suction of uncleaned areas, at least one spectral scanner 54 is also installed on the strip-shaped negative pressure suction port A. This spectral scanner can perform spectral scanning analysis on the surface of wheat after it has passed through the negative pressure suction mechanism 4. When the spectrum of wheat with Fusarium head blight in a certain area is found to be relatively concentrated and exceeds a certain threshold, the spectral scanner 54 sends a drive signal to the valve plate assembly 55 installed in the chamber 511. The valve plate assembly then opens, allowing the wheat passing below to be supplemented with suction once.

[0045] It should be noted that in the above-described manner, the valve plate assembly 55 specifically includes a winch 551 mounted on the strip-shaped negative pressure suction port B51. A traction rope 554 is wound on this winch, and the traction rope can be pulled into the chamber and connected to a valve plate 553. It should be noted that the valve plate 553 is elastically hinged to the opening of the chamber, and the chamber is normally closed under the action of the elastic hinge. When it is necessary to open, the winch, electrically connected to the spectral scanner, winds up the traction rope to actuate the valve plate.

[0046] Additionally, it should be noted that the wheat grains sucked out by the negative pressure suction mechanism 4 and the supplementary suction mechanism 5 contain some healthy wheat grains in addition to those infected with Fusarium head blight. To reduce waste, this portion of wheat needs to be screened again. Specifically, a secondary screening mechanism 6 is installed below the discharge ports of pipes A42 and B52. This secondary screening mechanism 6 includes a sieve plate 61 with a sieve aperture of 4.5–5 mm. Below the sieve plate is a vibration mechanism B62. It should be noted that vibration mechanism B has the same mechanism and working principle as vibration mechanism A, allowing the sieve plate to also have vertical and horizontal vibration modes. Figure 1 As shown, a feed trough 63 is provided below the sun-drying area to receive the diseased grains (Fusarium head blighted wheat) that have been screened out and to guide them into the waste area.

[0047] Working Principle: When the content of diseased grains (wheat grains infected with Fusarium head blight) in wheat exceeds the standard, the wheat can be fed into the feeding mechanism 1 in this scheme. The feeding mechanism 1 then releases the wheat at a uniform speed, which falls onto the vibrating plate 2 below. Driven by the vibrating mechanism A3, the vibrating plate vibrates in both vertical and horizontal directions. Specifically, the vertical vibration amplitude of the vibrating plate is 8-10 mm (greater than the difference between the peaks and troughs of the vibrating plate's wave surface to avoid wheat grains accumulating on the vibrating plate), the horizontal disturbance is 10-12 mm (to ensure that the disturbance amplitude of the wheat grains is greater than the length of the wheat grains), and the frequency is 20-30 Hz. With the vibration of the vibrating plate, the wheat grains achieve specific gravity stratification on the vibrating plate (the density of Fusarium head blight-infected wheat is 1.0-1.2 g / cm³). 3 Healthy wheat density is 1.3-1.4 g / cm³. 3 Healthy wheat sinks to the bottom while wheat infected with Fusarium head blight floats on the surface. The separated wheat is then drawn down by a negative pressure suction mechanism 4, removing a 2-3 mm layer of wheat (over 90% of which is infected with Fusarium head blight). At this point, the Fusarium head blight content in the wheat is effectively reduced to 4%, meeting the requirements.

[0048] However, it's important to understand that even after the Fusarium head blight-infected wheat on the surface is removed by the negative pressure suction mechanism 4, some areas may still contain a high proportion of diseased grains due to the concentrated stratification of the diseased wheat during layering. When this portion of wheat with excessive Fusarium head blight content passes through the negative pressure suction mechanism, it is scanned by a spectral scanner in the supplementary suction mechanism. The scanner then analyzes the areas with excessive levels and sends the information to a valve plate assembly electrically connected to it. The valve plate assembly then opens, unblocking the corresponding chamber to allow the Fusarium head blight-infected wheat passing underneath to be sucked away, thus achieving further cleaning of the wheat. Through this supplementary cleaning, the Fusarium head blight content in the wheat can be effectively reduced to 2-3%, meeting the requirements for high-quality wheat.

[0049] It's important to understand that while the wheat that has passed screening meets the standards for storage, some healthy wheat (30%–60%) still remains. Discarding this portion directly would be a significant waste. Therefore, this portion can be sent to a secondary screening mechanism 6. In this mechanism, diseased grains (less than 4mm in diameter) pass through vibrating sieves and are completely removed, while healthy grains (4.5–5.5mm) pass through. Wheat screened through this secondary mechanism has a diseased grain content of 7–10%, making it suitable for industrial alcohol fermentation and reducing grain waste.

[0050] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A screening device for wheat infected with Fusarium head blight, characterized in that: include Feeding mechanism (1); Vibrating plate (2) is located below the feeding mechanism (1) and extends downward at an angle; Vibration mechanism A (3) is located below the vibration plate (2) to drive the vibration plate (2) to generate high-frequency vibration; The negative pressure suction mechanism (4) is set at the tail end of the vibrating plate (2) to suck away the Fusarium head blighted wheat that floats on the surface after vibration and stratification by negative pressure.

2. The screening device for Fusarium head blight-infected wheat as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The surface of the vibrating plate (2) is provided with a wave surface (21).

3. The screening device for Fusarium head blight-infected wheat as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The height difference between the crest and trough of the wave surface (21) is 5-8 mm, and the wavelength is 20-30 mm.

4. The screening device for Fusarium head blight-infected wheat as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The angle between the vibrating plate (2) and the horizontal plane is 15-20°.

5. A screening device for Fusarium head blight-infected wheat as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The vibration mechanism A (3) includes a reset module (31), a horizontal vibrator (32), and a vertical vibrator (33). The reset module (31) is connected to the four corners of the lower surface of the vibration plate (2), and the horizontal vibrator (32) and the vertical vibrator (33) are connected to the lower surface of the vibration plate (2).

6. The screening device for Fusarium head blight-infected wheat as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The reset module (31) includes a support frame (311), on which a horizontally extending guide rail (312) is provided. A slide block (313) is provided on the guide rail (312) and can slide along the extension direction of the guide rail (312). A reset spring A (314) is symmetrically arranged in the middle of the guide rail (312). A guide rod A (315) is provided on the side of the slide block (313). The free end of the guide rod A (315) is connected to... The return spring A (314) is connected to the slide block (313) to compress or stretch the return spring A (314) when the slide block (313) slides left and right. The slide block (313) also has a guide rod B (316) slidably inserted in it. The upper end of the guide rod B (316) is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the vibration plate (2). The return spring B (317) is sleeved on the guide rod A (315). The two ends of the return spring B (317) abut against the vibration plate (2) and the slide block (313) respectively.

7. The screening device for Fusarium head blight-infected wheat as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The negative pressure suction mechanism (4) includes a strip-shaped negative pressure suction port A (41), a pipe A (42), and a centrifugal fan A (43). The strip-shaped negative pressure suction port A (41) is mounted on the tail end of the vibrating plate (2). One end of the pipe A (42) is connected to the strip-shaped negative pressure suction port A (41), and the other end extends to the discharge point. The centrifugal fan A (43) is connected to the pipe A (42) to provide stable negative pressure to the strip-shaped negative pressure suction port A (41) through the pipe A (42).

8. The screening device for Fusarium head blight-infected wheat as described in claim 7, characterized in that: It also includes a supplementary suction mechanism (5), which includes a strip-shaped negative pressure suction port B (51), a pipe B (52), a centrifugal fan B (53), a spectral scanner (54), and several valve plate assemblies (55). The strip-shaped negative pressure suction port B (51) is mounted on the discharge end of the vibrating plate (2) and is located behind the strip-shaped negative pressure suction port A (41). The strip-shaped negative pressure suction port B (51) has several horizontally arranged chambers (511). The valve plate assemblies (55) are disposed in the chambers (511). In the process, the spectral scanner (54) is set on the strip negative pressure suction port A (41) and electrically connected to the valve plate assembly (55) so as to drive the valve plate assembly (55) to open and close the chamber (511) through the spectral scanner (54). One end of the pipe B (52) is connected to the strip negative pressure suction port B (51) and the other end extends to the discharge point. The centrifugal fan B (53) is set on the pipe B (52) so as to provide a stable negative pressure to the strip negative pressure suction port B (51) through the pipe B (52).

9. The screening device for Fusarium head blight-infected wheat as described in claim 8, characterized in that: The valve plate assembly (55) includes a valve plate (553) elastically hinged to the opening of the chamber (511) and a winch (551) mounted on the strip-shaped negative pressure suction port B (51). The winch (551) is electrically connected to the corresponding spectral scanner (54). A traction rope (552) is wound on the winch (551) and connected to the valve plate (553).

10. The screening device for Fusarium head blight-infected wheat as described in claim 9, characterized in that: It also includes a secondary screening mechanism (6), which includes a screen plate (61) located below the discharge port of pipe A (42) and pipe B (52). A vibration mechanism B (62) is provided below the screen plate (61). The vibration mechanism B (62) has the same structure as the vibration mechanism A (3). A guide trough (63) is also provided below the screen plate (61).

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