Complex dynamic loading test device for offshore structure

Abstract

The utility model relates to a complex dynamic loading test device for an offshore structure, which is suitable for the technical field of test equipment for ocean engineering, hydraulic engineering and civil engineering. The test device comprises a model box used for loading a soil sample; the axial loader is mounted on the rack and can be used for applying an axial load to a sample inserted into the soil sample in the model box; the radial loader is mounted on the rack and can be used for applying a radial load to a sample inserted into the soil sample in the model box; the torque loader is mounted on the rack and can be used for applying torque to a sample inserted into the soil sample in the model box; the torque loader comprises a loading arm, the axis direction of which is perpendicular to the axis direction of a sample, the first end of which is provided with a mounting hole, and the second end of which is connected with a rotation driving assembly and a guide assembly; the loading head is provided with a clamping groove and a mounting part, the mounting part can be matched with the mounting hole in the loading arm to realize connection, and the clamping groove can be matched with a clamping part on the sample.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to a dynamic loading test device for complex marine structures, particularly suitable for simulating tests on marine pile foundation structures under combined axial, radial, and torsional loads. This device belongs to the technical field of testing equipment for marine engineering, hydraulic engineering, and civil engineering. Background Technology

[0002] With the acceleration of urbanization, the scale of engineering projects is increasing, and the technical requirements are constantly rising, making research on the mechanical analysis and deformation characteristics of engineering structures increasingly crucial. However, in-depth research on these issues relies on advanced testing equipment and high-precision detection technologies.

[0003] In recent years, the development of testing instruments and technologies in the marine field has been rapid, leading to an increasing demand for complex load simulation technologies that accurately reflect actual stress conditions. Buildings and structures in various fields, such as geotechnical engineering, earthquake engineering, hydraulic engineering, and marine engineering, must withstand the coupled effects of multiple dynamic loads, including earthquakes, wind, waves, ocean currents, and superstructure loads, during actual operation and maintenance. This involves multi-dimensional stress factors such as axial stress, radial stress, and lateral torque. Especially in complex environments such as strong winds and extreme sea states, the loads borne by structures exhibit significant asymmetry and randomness. For example, marine pile foundations during windy periods must simultaneously cope with the axial impact of random waves, the lateral scouring of ocean currents, and the resulting dynamic torque coupling effect. The time-varying characteristics and spatial asymmetric distribution of such loads (such as the continuous change in torque direction with ocean current deflection) make it difficult for traditional testing devices to realistically simulate actual working conditions.

[0004] Existing technologies have the following limitations: Inherent limitations of single-dimensional static loading: Conventional testing devices can only apply static or simple periodic loads in a single direction (such as axial or radial), failing to reproduce the asymmetric dynamic loading characteristics under wave-ocean current coupling. Lack of dynamic coupling mechanisms: Existing technologies lack the ability to dynamically control the synergistic effects of multi-degree-of-freedom loads (axial, radial, and torque). For example, key parameters such as the temporal coupling effect (phase difference Δθ) between wave load peaks and ocean current torque troughs, and the non-integer multiple relationship of load frequencies, cannot be accurately simulated, leading to a significant deviation between the progressive damage process of pile foundations and actual conditions. Boundary condition distortion and spatial orientation mismatch: Traditional fixed loading devices struggle to dynamically adjust the spatial orientation of the load. Taking continuous deflection of ocean current direction (0°-180°) as an example, existing technologies can only apply loads at discrete angles (such as 30° intervals), resulting in distorted torque distribution and a simulation error of over 25% for eccentric loads on pile foundations. Furthermore, rigid clamp constraints cause the specimen's loading path to deviate from the actual free boundary conditions, further exacerbating the distortion of test results. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is that, in view of the shortcomings of existing technologies in achieving multi-degree-of-freedom coupled loading, this invention innovatively proposes a three-degree-of-freedom cooperative loading system, and provides a marine structural complex dynamic loading test device that can achieve multi-degree-of-freedom coupled load loading, so that the load on the specimen in marine engineering simulation test loading can better conform to the actual working conditions.

[0006] The technical solution adopted in this utility model is: a complex dynamic loading test device, employing an adjustable loading architecture, constructing a three-degree-of-freedom coupled loading system in the axial (Z-direction), radial (X / Y-direction), and rotational (θ-direction) directions through an axial loader, a radial loader, and a torque loader, thereby achieving dynamic coupling of multi-dimensional loads. The test device includes:

[0007] Model box, used to hold soil samples;

[0008] An axial loader, mounted on a frame, is used to apply an axial load to a soil sample inserted into the model box.

[0009] A radial loader, mounted on a frame, is used to apply radial loads to specimens inserted into soil samples within a model box.

[0010] The torque loader, mounted on the frame, can be used to apply torque to a soil sample inserted into a model box;

[0011] The torque loader includes:

[0012] The loading arm has its axis perpendicular to the axis of the sample, its first end has a mounting hole, and its second end is connected to the rotary drive assembly and the guide assembly.

[0013] The loading head has a snap-fit ​​groove and a mounting component, wherein the mounting component can be connected to the mounting hole on the loading arm, and the snap-fit ​​groove can be connected to the snap-fit ​​part on the sample.

[0014] The torque loader has two loading arms, upper and lower, with the second ends of the two loading arms connected by a connector. The mounting holes are hexagonal, and a support plate is provided below the mounting hole of the lower loading arm.

[0015] The loading head has a hexagonal vertical through hole, and a hexagonal prism-shaped pin is fitted inside the hexagonal vertical through hole, which is adapted to the mounting hole on the loading arm.

[0016] The guide assembly has an arc-shaped guide rail and a pulley adapted to the arc-shaped guide rail, with the pulley mounted at the second end of the loading arm.

[0017] The rotary drive assembly has a hydraulic mechanism driven by a hydraulic pump, which can drive the second end of the loading arm to move along the arc-shaped guide rail.

[0018] The axial loader is mounted on the first crossbeam of the frame via a first mounting base, wherein the first mounting base can fix the axial loader at any position in the axial direction of the first crossbeam, and the first crossbeam can be mounted on the frame in a direction perpendicular to its own axis.

[0019] The radial loader is mounted on the second crossbeam on the frame via a second mounting base, wherein the second mounting base can fix the radial loader at any position in the axial direction of the second crossbeam, and the second crossbeam can be mounted on the frame in a direction perpendicular to its own axis.

[0020] The torque loader is mounted on the third crossbeam of the frame via a third mounting base. The third mounting base can fix the torque loader at any position along the axial direction of the third crossbeam, and the third crossbeam can be mounted on the frame in a direction perpendicular to its own axis.

[0021] The axial loader includes a hydraulic jack.

[0022] A limiting ring is provided between the top surface of the sample and the loading surface of the axial loader;

[0023] The limiting ring is a ring-shaped metal part, the inner diameter of which is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the sample, and it has a buffer material inside.

[0024] The limiting ring is fitted onto the top of the sample, and the upper end of the limiting ring is in contact with the loading surface of the axial loader.

[0025] The model box has slotted angle steel at its four corners, and slotted I-beams in the middle of each side wall of the model box. Several wooden templates are provided between the slotted I-beams and the slotted angle steel, and the two ends of the wooden templates are inserted into the slots.

[0026] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: By setting up an axial loader, a radial loader, and a torque loader, this utility model constructs a three-degree-of-freedom collaborative loading system with axial (Z-direction), radial (X / Y-direction), and rotational (θ-direction), realizing high-precision simulation of asymmetric dynamic coupled loads, especially the three-degree-of-freedom collaborative loading of axial impact, lateral shear, and rotational torque under wave-ocean current coupling; it establishes a phase difference adjustable mechanism to accurately control the timing matching of axial load and torque, and reproduces the dynamic coupling characteristics of wave crests and torque troughs; it designs adaptive boundary conditions to support continuous deflection of the loading head from 0° to 180°, eliminating the pose mismatch problem caused by discrete angle loading.

[0027] This invention utilizes a hexagonal prism-shaped pin that engages with a mounting hole to enable quick disassembly and replacement of the loading head, improving efficiency. The invention also employs an arc-shaped track to provide a precise sliding path for the torque loader, ensuring smooth and accurate torque loading. This arc-shaped track is made of high-strength steel to ensure its stability under high load conditions.

[0028] The curved track provides a precise path for the torque loader to slide, guiding it along a specific trajectory. It ensures that the application end covers different locations on the specimen, thus simulating the stress conditions of the structure under different directions and angles. During torque application, the pulley system transmits the applied force to the specimen with minimal frictional loss. The curved track's arc shape ensures the pulleys are always in optimal positions, improving loading accuracy. The mixed-pulley design guarantees smooth sliding within the curved track groove, avoiding uneven load distribution.

[0029] In this invention, the axial loader, radial loader, and torque loader can be moved to any position within the model box range by the cooperation of the crossbeam and the mounting base, so as to ensure that the axial loader, radial loader, and torque loader can match the sample at any position within the model box range.

[0030] In this invention, the loading head has a retaining groove and a concave structure to ensure alignment with the geometric center of the specimen and avoid eccentric forces. The loading head is designed to be replaceable to adapt to different specimen specifications and material properties. The contact surface of the loading head adopts a serrated contact structure to allow relative slippage with the specimen.

[0031] Compared to fixed model test chambers, this invention uses customized steel components as the corners of the model chamber and prefabricated I-beams as connecting parts in the middle, thereby enabling arbitrary adjustment of the model chamber volume and allowing for adjustment of the model test scale for different test schemes. Attached Figure Description

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an embodiment.

[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the axial loader in the embodiment.

[0034] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the radial loader in the embodiment.

[0035] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the torque loader in the embodiment.

[0036] 100. Model box;

[0037] 110. Angle steel for card slots; 120. Connecting steel plate; 130. Limiting steel foot; 140. I-beam for card slots; 150. Wooden formwork;

[0038] 200. Rack;

[0039] 210. Upper longitudinal beam; 220. Lower longitudinal beam; 230. First crossbeam; 240. Second crossbeam; 250. Third crossbeam;

[0040] 300. Axial loader;

[0041] 400. U-shaped fastener;

[0042] 500. Mounting plate;

[0043] 600, bolt plate;

[0044] 700, Radial loader;

[0045] 800, Torque Loader;

[0046] 810 Loading arm; 811 Mounting hole; 820 Connector; 830 Arc-shaped guide rail; 840 Loading head; 841 Pin; 842 Snap-fit ​​groove. Detailed Implementation

[0047] To better understand the technical solution of this application, the embodiments of this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0048] It should be understood that the described embodiments are merely some, not all, of the embodiments in this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments in this application without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0049] The terminology used in the embodiments of this application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of this application. The singular forms “a,” “the,” and “the” used in the embodiments of this application and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

[0050] It should be noted that the directional terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" described in the embodiments of this application are used to describe the angles shown in the accompanying drawings and should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of this application. Furthermore, in the context, it should be understood that when it is mentioned that an element is connected "upper" or "lower" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element "upper" or "lower," or indirectly connected to the other element "upper" or "lower" through an intermediate element.

[0051] This embodiment is a dynamic loading test device for complex marine structures, including a model box, frame, axial loader, radial loader, and torque loader.

[0052] In this embodiment, the model box is a rectangular structure used to load the soil sample for the test. Precast angle steel sections are used at the four corners of the model box, with the bottom of the angle steel sections connected to the ground by connecting steel plates and secured with bolts. Limiting steel feet are installed between the connecting steel plates and the sides of the angle steel sections to restrain them and prevent sliding displacement. An H-beam is installed in the middle of the side of the model box, and wooden formwork is used as the enclosure structure between the H-beam and the angle steel sections to seal the test environment. The size and quantity of the components can be configured and assembled according to the required size of the test environment.

[0053] In this example, the frame has reaction frames at both ends in the width direction of the model box, and a first crossbeam, a second crossbeam, and a third crossbeam mounted on the two reaction frames.

[0054] In this embodiment, the reaction frames on both sides of the model box are arranged along the length of the model box. The reaction frames are provided with an upper longitudinal beam and a lower longitudinal beam located below the upper longitudinal beam. The upper and lower longitudinal beams are arranged parallel to the length of the model box. The upper longitudinal beam has a track arranged along the axis of the upper longitudinal beam, and the upper surface of the lower longitudinal beam has a row of bolt holes arranged along the axis of the lower longitudinal beam.

[0055] In this embodiment, the first crossbeam is arranged parallel to the width direction of the model box. The two ends of the first crossbeam are installed on the upper longitudinal beams of the reaction frame on both sides of the model box via pulleys. It cooperates with the track of the upper longitudinal beam. The first crossbeam can move back and forth on the reaction frame along the direction perpendicular to its own axis via pulleys. Limiters are set for the corresponding pulleys to ensure that the gantry can be fixed after sliding to the designated position and will not slip, thus ensuring the stability and accuracy of loading.

[0056] In this example, the second crossbeam is arranged parallel to the width of the model box. Both ends of the second crossbeam are fixed to the lower longitudinal beams of the reaction frames on both sides of the model box by bolts. The connection is achieved by engaging with the bolt holes at the corresponding positions. The position of the second crossbeam can be adjusted by loosening the bolts and moving back and forth along the direction perpendicular to its own axis. The second crossbeam can also be fixed at any position along the length of the model box by engaging the bolts with any bolt holes.

[0057] In this embodiment, the third crossbeam is arranged parallel to the width direction of the model box. The two ends of the third crossbeam are fixed to the lower longitudinal beams of the reaction frame on both sides of the model box by bolts. The connection is achieved by cooperating with the bolt holes at the corresponding positions. The position of the third crossbeam can be adjusted by loosening the bolts and moving back and forth along the direction perpendicular to its own axis. The third crossbeam can be fixed at any position in the length direction of the model box by cooperating with the bolts and any bolt holes.

[0058] In this embodiment, the axial loader is a hydraulic jack, used to apply axial load to the soil sample inserted in the model box. The hydraulic jack is vertically arranged, and its upper end is mounted on the first crossbeam via a first mounting base. The first mounting base includes a mounting plate, a U-shaped fastener, and a bolt plate. The mounting plate is fixed to the upper end of the hydraulic jack and contacts the lower surface of the first crossbeam. The mounting plate is fixed to the first crossbeam by the U-shaped fastener and the bolt plate, and the position of the mounting plate in the axial direction of the first crossbeam can be adjusted by adjusting the U-shaped fastener and the bolt plate.

[0059] In this example, the radial loader uses a radial exciter, which is arranged horizontally. One end of the exciter is mounted on the second crossbeam via a second mounting base. The second mounting base includes a mounting plate, a U-shaped fastener, and a bolt plate. The mounting plate is fixed to the radial loader and placed on the upper surface of the second crossbeam. The mounting plate is fixed to the first crossbeam by the U-shaped fastener and the bolt plate. The position of the stop block in the axial direction of the first crossbeam can be adjusted by adjusting the U-shaped fastener and the bolt plate.

[0060] In this embodiment, the torque loader has a loading arm, a loading head, a rotary drive assembly, and a guide assembly. There are two loading arms, which are arranged in parallel and horizontally. The first end of each loading arm is provided with a mounting hole, and the two mounting holes correspond vertically. The lower end of the lower loading arm is connected to the corresponding mounting hole and a support plate. The second ends of the two loading arms are connected to a connector.

[0061] In this embodiment, the guide assembly has an arc-shaped guide rail and a pulley adapted to the arc-shaped guide rail. The pulley is installed at the lower end of the connector, and the arc-shaped guide rail is detachably installed on the third crossbeam. The arc-shaped rail is fixed to the third crossbeam by L-shaped fasteners and bolts, allowing the position to be adjusted along the axis of the crossbeam to adapt to different experimental configurations.

[0062] In this example, the rotary drive assembly has a hydraulic mechanism driven by a hydraulic pump, which can drive the second end of the loading arm to move along the arc-shaped guide rail. In the hydraulic mechanism structure of the rotary drive assembly, the hydraulic power unit is powered by a hydraulic pump station (including a motor, oil tank, and pressure valve group), and the pump station is connected to the actuator through a high-pressure oil pipe. A proportional servo hydraulic system is adopted, integrating a high-precision pressure sensor and a displacement sensor to achieve closed-loop control. Double-acting hydraulic cylinder: The main body is fixed to the mounting base at the end of the third crossbeam through a hinged support. The end of the piston rod is hinged to the drive lug on the side of the loading arm connector (820) through a universal joint, forming a flexible connection that can adapt to arc-shaped movement. The loading head (840) is preloaded with a pressure sensor on the contact surface with the sample to provide real-time feedback of the torque value and adjust the hydraulic pressure. After the hydraulic pump is started, the oil flow direction is adjusted according to the control signal; the hydraulic cylinder pushes the loading arm connector to slide along the arc-shaped guide rail, and the pulley group constrains the motion trajectory; the loading head transmits the rotational torque to the sample through the hexagonal prism pin (841); the displacement sensor monitors the loading arm rotation angle in real time, and the pressure sensor detects the torque value to form a closed-loop control.

[0063] In this example, the loading head has a snap-fit ​​groove and a mounting part. The mounting part can be connected to the mounting hole on the loading arm, and the snap-fit ​​groove can be connected to the snap-fit ​​part fixed on the sample. The torque is transmitted to the sample through the snap-fit ​​groove and the snap-fit ​​part.

[0064] In this example, the mounting hole is hexagonal, the mounting piece has a hexagonal prism-shaped pin that fits the hexagonal hole, and the loading head has a vertical hexagonal through hole inside, which is inserted into the hexagonal vertical through hole.

[0065] In this embodiment, when installing the loading head, the loading head (excluding the pin) can be installed between the upper and lower loading arms, and the hexagonal vertical through hole on the loading head can be aligned with the mounting hole on the loading arm. Then, the pin is inserted into the upper and lower mounting holes and the middle hexagonal vertical through hole to connect the loading head with the loading arm. The lower end of the pin is supported on the support plate below.

[0066] In this example, the center of the arc-shaped guide rail roughly corresponds to the axis of the snap-fit ​​groove of the loading head mounted on the loading arm.

[0067] In this embodiment, an acquisition box and a computer are also provided outside the device, and the acquisition box and the computer are connected by a data cable. A servo electrical box is also provided outside the device. The servo electrical box is connected to the axial loader, radial loader and torque loader respectively by data cables. The servo electrical box controls the servo motors provided inside the axial loader, radial loader and torque loader, thereby realizing precise control of the servo motor's speed, direction, position, torque and other parameters.

[0068] The axial loader, radial loader, and torque loader are connected to the acquisition box via data cables. The parameters of the servo motors mentioned above are transmitted to the acquisition box and processed by the computer to simulate the multidimensionality and randomness of the load.

[0069] In this embodiment, the axial sensor, radial displacement sensor, and lateral displacement sensor are respectively attached to the component and are all connected to the acquisition box via data cables. The parameters monitored by each sensor are transmitted to the acquisition box, and then the data is processed and analyzed by the computer to monitor the displacement of each part of the component and obtain the actual deformation of the component.

Claims

1. A dynamic loading test device for complex marine structures, characterized in that, include: The three-degree-of-freedom coordinated loading system consists of an axial loading subsystem, a radial loading subsystem, and a torque loading subsystem. Model box, used to construct the test environment for soil-structure interaction; An axial loader, mounted on a frame, is used to dynamically load a soil sample inserted into the model box in the Z-axis direction. The radial loader, mounted on the frame, can be used to apply dynamic loads in the X / Y directions to soil samples inserted into the model box; The torque loader, mounted on the frame, can be used to apply a rotational torque in the θ direction to a soil sample inserted into a model box. The torque loader includes: The loading arm has its axis perpendicular to the axis of the sample, its first end has a mounting hole, and its second end is connected to the rotary drive assembly and the guide assembly. The loading head has a snap-fit ​​groove and a mounting component, wherein the mounting component can be connected by engaging with a mounting hole on the loading arm, and the snap-fit ​​groove can be engaged with a snap-fit ​​part on the sample. The dynamic torque transmission assembly has a zero-clearance fit between the hexagonal prism pin embedded in the loading head and the mounting hole; The hydraulic servo drive module achieves precise torque loading within the rotation range through an arc-shaped guide rail.

2. The marine structural complex dynamic loading test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The torque loader has two loading arms, upper and lower, with the second ends of the two loading arms connected by a connector. The mounting holes are hexagonal, and a support plate is provided below the mounting hole of the lower loading arm. The loading head has a hexagonal vertical through hole, and a hexagonal prism-shaped pin is fitted inside the hexagonal vertical through hole, which is adapted to the mounting hole on the loading arm.

3. The marine structural complex dynamic loading test device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The guide assembly has an arc-shaped guide rail and a pulley adapted to the arc-shaped guide rail, with the pulley mounted at the second end of the loading arm.

4. The marine complex dynamic loading test device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The rotary drive assembly has a hydraulic mechanism driven by a hydraulic pump, which can drive the second end of the loading arm to move along the arc-shaped guide rail.

5. The marine structural complex dynamic loading test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The axial loader is mounted on the first crossbeam of the frame via a first mounting base, wherein the first mounting base can fix the axial loader at any position in the axial direction of the first crossbeam, and the first crossbeam can be mounted on the frame in a direction perpendicular to its own axis.

6. The marine structural complex dynamic loading test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The radial loader is mounted on the second crossbeam of the frame via a second mounting base, wherein the second mounting base can fix the radial loader at any position in the axial direction of the second crossbeam, and the second crossbeam can be mounted on the frame in a direction perpendicular to its own axis.

7. The marine structural complex dynamic loading test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The torque loader is mounted on the third crossbeam of the frame via a third mounting base. The third mounting base can fix the torque loader at any position along the axial direction of the third crossbeam, and the third crossbeam can be mounted on the frame in a direction perpendicular to its own axis.

8. The marine structural complex dynamic loading test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The axial loader includes a hydraulic jack.

9. The marine structural complex dynamic loading test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A limiting ring is provided between the top surface of the sample and the loading surface of the axial loader; The limiting ring is a ring-shaped metal part, the inner diameter of which is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the sample, and it has a buffer material inside. The limiting ring is fitted onto the top of the sample, and the upper end of the limiting ring is in contact with the loading surface of the axial loader.

10. The marine structural complex dynamic loading test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The model box has slotted angle steel at its four corners, and slotted I-beams in the middle of each side wall of the model box. Several wooden templates are provided between the slotted I-beams and the slotted angle steel, and the two ends of the wooden templates are inserted into the slots.

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