Energy storage cabinet

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of energy storage, and discloses an energy storage cabinet, which comprises a cabinet body, a battery compartment and an adjacent equipment compartment are formed in the cabinet body, and a plurality of battery cells are arranged in the battery compartment; the battery compartment is filled with insulating cooling liquid, so that the battery cell is immersed in the battery compartment; the direct cooling temperature control system comprises a direct cooling unit and a plurality of direct cooling plates; the direct cooling unit is arranged in the equipment bin and comprises a unit shell, a compressor, a condenser, an electric control box and a cooling fan. The direct cooling plates are arranged in the battery compartment, and the compressor, the condenser and the direct cooling plates are sequentially connected through direct cooling pipelines to form a refrigerant circulation loop; and each direct cooling plate is attached to the surface of the corresponding battery cell. According to the energy storage cabinet, the refrigerant direct cooling technology and the battery immersion technology are combined, and the limitation of a traditional energy storage system in the aspects of temperature control and safety is overcome. The direct cooling temperature control system directly controls the temperature of the battery cell through the direct cooling unit and the direct cooling plate, so that the heat exchange efficiency is improved, and the cost is saved; and meanwhile, the battery cell is immersed in the insulating cooling liquid, so that the temperature uniformity and the safety of the battery cell are further ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the technical field, and in particular to an energy storage cabinet. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the temperature control technology for energy storage systems mainly employs two solutions: air cooling and liquid cooling. Air cooling achieves heat exchange through forced air convection, but suffers from low heat exchange efficiency and poor temperature uniformity, making it difficult to meet the heat dissipation requirements of high-energy-density energy storage systems. While liquid cooling significantly improves heat exchange efficiency through cooling media such as ethylene glycol aqueous solutions, it still relies on plate heat exchangers for secondary heat exchange between the refrigerant and coolant, and requires a circulating water pump to maintain coolant flow, resulting in a complex system structure, increased energy consumption, and higher maintenance costs.

[0003] Current immersion cooling technology is mostly used in data center servers and other fields, with limited applications in the energy storage industry. In addition, existing immersion solutions require an additional power system to drive the coolant circulation, which not only increases the complexity of the equipment but also leads to increased energy consumption. Furthermore, leakage is likely to occur externally during the circulation of insulating oil through pipelines. Utility Model Content

[0004] To address the problems mentioned in the background art, this application provides an energy storage cabinet that combines refrigerant direct cooling technology with battery immersion technology, overcoming the limitations of traditional energy storage systems in terms of temperature control and safety. The direct cooling temperature control system directly controls the temperature of the battery cells through direct cooling units and direct cooling plates, eliminating the need for a liquid cooling system. Refrigerant directly exchanges heat with the battery cells through the direct cooling plates, improving heat exchange efficiency, saving costs, and avoiding the risk of short circuits caused by leakage from the liquid cooling system. Simultaneously, the battery cells in the battery compartment are immersed in insulating coolant, further ensuring the temperature uniformity and safety of the cells.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention employs the following technical solution:

[0006] In some embodiments of this application, an energy storage cabinet is provided, comprising:

[0007] The cabinet has an internal battery compartment and an adjacent equipment compartment. The battery compartment contains multiple battery cells. The battery compartment is filled with insulating coolant to immerse the battery cells in it.

[0008] The direct-cooling temperature control system includes a direct-cooling unit and multiple direct-cooling plates;

[0009] The direct-cooling unit is installed in the equipment compartment and includes a unit casing, compressor, condenser, electrical control box and cooling fan;

[0010] The direct cooling plate is disposed in the battery compartment, and the compressor, condenser and each direct cooling plate are sequentially connected through direct cooling pipes to form a refrigerant circulation loop; wherein, each direct cooling plate is respectively attached to the surface of its corresponding battery cell.

[0011] By combining refrigerant direct cooling technology with battery immersion technology, the limitations of traditional energy storage systems in terms of temperature control and safety are overcome. The direct cooling temperature control system directly controls the temperature of the battery cells through direct cooling units and direct cooling plates, improving heat exchange efficiency and saving costs; at the same time, the battery cells are immersed in insulating coolant, further ensuring the temperature uniformity and safety of the battery cells.

[0012] In some embodiments of this application, a battery frame is provided inside the battery compartment, and the plurality of battery cells and the plurality of direct cooling plates are integrated and fixed on the battery frame. The battery frame is used for fixing and guiding the battery cells and direct cooling plates, facilitating the installation and maintenance of the battery cells.

[0013] In some embodiments of this application, the cabinet at the top of the battery compartment is provided with an openable and closable top cover, and the battery frame integrating the multiple battery cells and the multiple direct cooling plates can be hoisted into the battery compartment as a whole through the top cover; the equipment compartment is located on the side of the battery compartment. The whole-body hoisting method simplifies the installation and maintenance process of the battery cells and direct cooling plates, and improves operational efficiency.

[0014] In some embodiments of this application, the direct cooling pipeline includes:

[0015] The primary pipeline is located inside the equipment compartment and connected to the direct cooling unit;

[0016] Two secondary pipelines are installed inside the battery compartment and connected to the primary pipeline;

[0017] Multiple parallel tertiary pipelines are installed inside the battery compartment, connecting between the two secondary pipelines, and each is connected to one of the multiple direct cooling plates.

[0018] In some embodiments of this application, the two secondary pipelines are respectively connected to each of the three-electrode pipelines via at least one distributor. The distributor ensures that each direct-cooling plate receives sufficient refrigerant, improving the temperature uniformity of the entire battery compartment.

[0019] In some embodiments of this application, the direct-cooling unit is positioned near the upper side of the battery compartment; a through-hole is provided on the upper side wall of the battery compartment to connect the battery compartment and the equipment compartment, and the primary pipeline and the secondary pipeline are connected through the through-hole. Positioning the direct-cooling unit near the upper side of the battery compartment shortens the length of the primary pipeline and reduces pressure loss and energy consumption during refrigerant transport.

[0020] In some embodiments of this application, the direct-cooling unit has a vertical structure, with a return air inlet on the front side and an air outlet on the rear side of the unit casing; the cooling fan is installed inside the unit casing near the air outlet, and the condenser is installed in the unit casing at an angle.

[0021] In some embodiments of this application, a removable return air grille is provided at the return air vent, and the electrical control box is located near the return air vent and is removably installed inside the unit housing via a sliding rail mechanism. The removable design of the electrical control box allows for maintenance operations without disassembling the entire unit.

[0022] In some embodiments of this application, the plurality of battery cells are arranged vertically, with a direct cooling plate attached to the lower surface of each battery cell; a direct cooling plate is also provided on the upper surface of the top battery cell to enhance the heat dissipation effect of the top battery cell and further improve the temperature uniformity of the entire battery pack.

[0023] In some embodiments of this application, the direct-cooling unit further includes a refrigerant heater, which is disposed in the refrigerant circulation loop and is used to heat the refrigerant in a low-temperature environment.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the advantages and positive effects of this utility model are:

[0025] In the above embodiments, the energy storage cabinet adopts a heat dissipation solution that combines refrigerant direct cooling technology with battery immersion technology, overcoming the limitations of traditional energy storage systems in terms of temperature control and safety, and has the following significant advantages:

[0026] 1. Highly efficient temperature uniformity: The battery is immersed in an insulating coolant. The liquid has excellent fluidity and specific heat capacity, which can quickly absorb and transfer the heat generated by the cells, significantly improving the temperature uniformity between cells and avoiding localized overheating, thereby improving the overall performance and lifespan of the battery pack. At the same time, the direct cooling plate is directly attached to the surface of the cells for heat exchange, further enhancing the heat dissipation effect and achieving more precise temperature control.

[0027] 2. Fast heat dissipation response: Compared with traditional air cooling or indirect liquid cooling systems, the refrigerant direct cooling technology exchanges heat directly with the battery cell through a direct cooling plate, reducing intermediate heat transfer links and having a faster heat dissipation response speed. It can effectively control the rise in battery temperature in a timely manner, and its advantages are more obvious under high-rate conditions such as fast charging and discharging.

[0028] 3. Enhanced Safety: With the battery immersed in insulating coolant, even if a single cell experiences thermal runaway, the coolant can absorb and isolate heat to a certain extent, slowing the spread of thermal runaway and reducing the risk of large-scale thermal runaway accidents. Simultaneously, the direct refrigerant cooling system avoids the risk of cell short circuits caused by coolant leakage in traditional liquid cooling systems.

[0029] 4. Cost savings: Compared to complex indirect liquid cooling systems, refrigerant direct cooling systems eliminate components such as coolant circulation pumps, heat exchangers, and pipe connections, simplifying the system structure and reducing manufacturing and maintenance costs.

[0030] 5. Compact structural design: The combination of direct refrigerant cooling and battery immersion technology allows for the placement of more battery cells in the same space, improving the energy density of the energy storage system.

[0031] Other features and advantages of this utility model will become clearer after reading the detailed embodiments of this utility model in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0032] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0033] Figure 1 A perspective view of an energy storage cabinet according to some embodiments is shown;

[0034] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of an energy storage cabinet according to some embodiments is shown;

[0035] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the direct cooling temperature control system and battery frame in an energy storage cabinet according to some embodiments is shown;

[0036] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the direct cooling temperature control system and battery cells in an energy storage cabinet according to some embodiments is shown;

[0037] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the direct cooling temperature control system in an energy storage cabinet according to some embodiments is shown;

[0038] Figure 6 A perspective view of a direct-cooling unit in an energy storage cabinet is shown according to some embodiments;

[0039] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the internal structure of a direct-cooling unit in an energy storage cabinet according to some embodiments is shown;

[0040] Figure 8 A schematic diagram is shown showing the electrical control box located inside the unit housing in a direct-cooling unit according to some embodiments;

[0041] Figure 9 A schematic diagram showing the electrical control box pulled out in a direct-cooling unit according to some embodiments is shown;

[0042] Figure 10 A temperature control schematic diagram of a direct-cooling temperature control system according to some embodiments is shown;

[0043] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0044] 100 - Cabinet body; 110 - Battery compartment; 120 - Equipment compartment; 130 - Top cover;

[0045] 200- Cell;

[0046] 300- Battery frame;

[0047] 400-Direct cooling temperature control system;

[0048] 410 - Direct-cooling unit;

[0049] 411-Unit casing; 4111-Return air vent;

[0050] 412 - Compressor;

[0051] 413 - Condenser;

[0052] 414 - Electrical control box; 4141 - Slide rail mechanism;

[0053] 415 - Cooling fan;

[0054] 420-Straight Cooling Plate;

[0055] 430 - Direct cooling piping; 431 - Primary piping; 432 - Secondary piping; 433 - Tertiary piping;

[0056] 440-Dispenser;

[0057] 450 - Electronic expansion valve; 460 - Economizer; 470 - Four-way valve; 480 - Electric three-way valve; 490 - Shut-off valve. Detailed Implementation

[0058] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0059] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0060] The terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0061] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0062] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0063] The following disclosure provides many different embodiments or examples for implementing various structures of this invention. To simplify the disclosure, specific examples of components and arrangements are described below. These are merely examples and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Furthermore, reference numerals and / or letters may be repeated in different examples; such repetition is for simplification and clarity and does not in itself indicate a relationship between the various embodiments and / or arrangements discussed. In addition, examples of various specific processes and materials are provided in this invention, but those skilled in the art will recognize the application of other processes and / or the use of other materials.

[0064] like Figures 1-10 As shown, some embodiments of this application provide an energy storage cabinet.

[0065] The energy storage cabinet mainly consists of the cabinet body 100 and the direct cooling temperature control system 400.

[0066] The cabinet 100 has its internal space rationally divided into a battery compartment 110 and an adjacent equipment compartment 120, which achieves physical isolation of functional areas and helps with system maintenance and safety management.

[0067] The battery compartment 110 is mainly used for high-density installation of multiple battery cells 200 and is the core area for energy storage.

[0068] The battery compartment 110 contains multiple battery cells 200. The battery cells 200 can be of different types of batteries (such as lithium iron phosphate, ternary lithium, etc.) and can be electrically connected according to system requirements (such as series, parallel or a combination thereof).

[0069] In addition, the battery compartment 110 is filled with insulating coolant, which completely submerges the multiple battery cells 200.

[0070] The insulating coolant can not only effectively transfer the heat generated by the battery cell 200, but also help maintain the temperature uniformity between the battery cells 200, and can inhibit the spread of thermal runaway to a certain extent, thus improving the safety of the system.

[0071] The insulating coolant used must have good thermal conductivity, insulation, chemical stability, and compatibility with battery materials.

[0072] Equipment compartment 120 is mainly used to install auxiliary equipment required for the operation of the energy storage system, such as power management system (BMS), direct cooling unit 410, control unit, power distribution module, safety monitoring device, etc.

[0073] The physical isolation between the equipment compartment 120 and the battery compartment 110 helps protect electronic equipment from insulating coolant vapors or leaks, and facilitates equipment maintenance and replacement.

[0074] The core function of the direct cooling temperature control system 400 is to precisely regulate the temperature inside the energy storage cabinet. In particular, it is to efficiently manage the temperature of the battery cells 200 in the battery compartment 110, ensuring that the battery cells 200 operate within the optimal temperature range. This prevents the battery cells 200 from aging faster or even causing thermal runaway due to excessively high temperatures, or from experiencing performance degradation due to excessively low temperatures.

[0075] Specifically, such as Figure 3 As shown, the direct cooling temperature control system 400 includes a direct cooling unit 410 and multiple direct cooling plates 420.

[0076] The direct-cooling unit 410, as the core component of the refrigeration system, is located in the equipment compartment 120 and is mainly composed of key components such as the unit casing 411, compressor 412, condenser 413, electrical control box 414, and cooling fan 415.

[0077] The direct cooling plate 420, as a key component that directly exchanges heat with the battery cell 200, is located inside the battery compartment 110.

[0078] The compressor 412, condenser 413, and each direct cooling plate 420 are connected in sequence via direct cooling pipes 430 to form a closed refrigerant circulation loop. In this loop, the refrigerant transfers the heat generated by the battery cell 200 through the processes of evaporation absorbing heat and condensation releasing heat.

[0079] Among them, such as Figure 4 Each direct cooling plate 420 is attached to the surface of its corresponding battery cell 200, enabling direct heat exchange between the refrigerant and the surface of the battery cell 200, resulting in higher heat exchange efficiency and faster response speed. The material and structural design of the direct cooling plate 420 need to ensure good thermal conductivity and adhesion to the surface of the battery cell 200.

[0080] The aforementioned energy storage cabinet employs a heat dissipation solution combining refrigerant direct cooling technology and battery immersion technology, overcoming the limitations of traditional energy storage systems in terms of temperature control and safety, and possessing the following significant advantages:

[0081] 1. Highly efficient temperature uniformity: The battery is immersed in an insulating coolant. The liquid has excellent fluidity and specific heat capacity, which can quickly absorb and transfer the heat generated by the cells 200, significantly improving the temperature uniformity between the cells 200, avoiding localized overheating, and thus improving the overall performance and lifespan of the battery pack. At the same time, the direct cooling plate 420 is directly attached to the surface of the cells 200 for heat exchange, further enhancing the heat dissipation effect and achieving more precise temperature control.

[0082] 2. Fast heat dissipation response: Compared with traditional air cooling or indirect liquid cooling systems, the refrigerant direct cooling technology directly exchanges heat with the battery cell 200 through the direct cooling plate 420, reducing intermediate heat transfer links and having a faster heat dissipation response speed. It can effectively control the rise in battery temperature in a timely manner, and its advantages are more obvious under high-rate conditions such as fast charging and discharging.

[0083] 3. Enhanced Safety: With the battery submerged in insulating coolant, even if a single cell 200 experiences thermal runaway, the coolant can absorb and isolate heat to a certain extent, slowing the spread of thermal runaway and reducing the risk of large-scale thermal runaway accidents. Simultaneously, the direct refrigerant cooling system avoids the risk of short circuits in cell 200 that could result from coolant leakage in traditional liquid cooling systems.

[0084] 4. Cost savings: Compared to complex indirect liquid cooling systems, refrigerant direct cooling systems eliminate components such as coolant circulation pumps, heat exchangers, and pipe connections, simplifying the system structure and reducing manufacturing and maintenance costs.

[0085] 5. Compact structural design: The combination of direct refrigerant cooling and battery immersion technology allows for the placement of more cells in the same space, improving the energy density of the energy storage system.

[0086] In some embodiments of this application, such as Figure 3 As shown, the battery compartment 110 contains a battery frame 300 for fixing and guiding the battery cells 200, facilitating the installation and maintenance of the battery cells 200. Simultaneously, multiple direct cooling plates 420 are integrated and fixed onto the battery frame 300, forming a single unit, which facilitates the installation of the battery cells 200 and the direct cooling plates 420.

[0087] In some embodiments of this application, such as Figure 1 As shown, the cabinet 100 at the top of the battery compartment 110 is provided with an openable and closable top cover 130. The top cover 130 adopts a sealed design to prevent leakage of insulating coolant and entry of external impurities.

[0088] The battery frame 300, which integrates multiple battery cells 200 and multiple direct cooling plates 420, can be hoisted into the battery compartment 110 as a whole through the top cover 130.

[0089] This integrated hoisting method simplifies the installation and maintenance process of the battery cell 200 and the direct cooling plate 420, and improves operational efficiency.

[0090] The equipment compartment 120 is located on the side of the battery compartment 110, and the two are physically isolated by an insulating partition. A through hole for the direct cooling pipe 430 to pass through is reserved on the upper side wall or top.

[0091] In some embodiments of this application, such as Figure 5As shown, the direct cooling pipeline 430 includes a primary pipeline 431, two secondary pipelines 432, and multiple tertiary pipelines 433 connected in parallel.

[0092] The primary pipeline 431 is located inside the equipment compartment 120 and is reliably connected to the refrigerant output end and return gas end of the direct cooling unit 410. It is used to transport high-pressure refrigerant to the battery compartment 110 and guide low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant vapor back to the direct cooling unit 410, forming the main pipeline of the refrigeration cycle.

[0093] Two secondary pipelines 432 are installed inside the battery compartment 110 and connected to the primary pipeline 431.

[0094] Multiple parallel tertiary pipelines 433 are installed in the battery compartment 110, connected between two secondary pipelines 432, and respectively connected to multiple direct cooling plates 420. The refrigerant flows in the tertiary pipelines 433 and exchanges heat with the direct cooling plates 420.

[0095] In some embodiments of this application, two secondary pipelines 432 are respectively connected to multiple tertiary pipelines 433 via at least one distributor 440.

[0096] The distributor 440 can evenly distribute the liquid refrigerant from the secondary supply line 432 to each parallel tertiary line 433, ensuring that each direct cooling plate 420 can obtain sufficient refrigerant and improving the temperature uniformity of the entire battery compartment 110.

[0097] In some embodiments of this application, the direct cooling unit 410 is located near the upper side of the battery compartment 110. This arrangement can shorten the length of the primary pipeline 431 and reduce pressure loss and energy loss during refrigerant transportation.

[0098] At least one through hole is provided on the upper side wall of the battery compartment 110 to connect the battery compartment 110 and the equipment compartment 120. The through hole shall be sealed to prevent the insulating coolant or its vapor from leaking into the equipment compartment 120.

[0099] The primary pipeline 431 and the secondary pipeline 432 can be connected by a sealing joint or flange installed in the pipe hole to ensure the reliability and sealing of the connection.

[0100] In some embodiments of this application, multiple battery cells 200 within the battery compartment 110 are arranged vertically to improve space utilization. A cooling plate 420 is attached to the lower surface of each battery cell 200 to achieve efficient bottom heat dissipation. Specifically, an additional cooling plate 420 is provided on the upper surface of the topmost battery cell 200 to enhance its heat dissipation and further improve the temperature uniformity of the entire battery pack.

[0101] In some embodiments of this application, see Figures 6-9 This describes the specific structure of the direct-cooling unit 410.

[0102] The direct-cooling unit 410 adopts a vertical structure to achieve a compact layout and efficient airflow management. The front side of the unit casing 411 is provided with a return air inlet 4111 for drawing in air from the equipment compartment 120; the rear side is provided with an air outlet for dissipating hot air after it has been cooled by the condenser 413.

[0103] In some embodiments of this application, two cooling fans 415 are vertically installed near the air outlet, forming a dual-fan structure to improve the heat dissipation efficiency and reliability of the condenser 413. The fans are fixed to the rear partition and base of the unit housing 411 by an integrated dual-fan bracket to ensure the stability of the structure.

[0104] In some embodiments of this application, the condenser 413 is disposed at an angle within the unit housing 411. This angled arrangement may help optimize the distribution of airflow, improve heat exchange efficiency, and provide space for the arrangement of other components (such as the electrical control box 414).

[0105] In some embodiments of this application, the compressor 412 is located in the middle, between the condenser 413 and the electrical control box 414.

[0106] In some embodiments of this application, such as Figure 8 and Figure 9 As shown, a removable return air grille is provided at the return air vent 4111 for easy maintenance. The electrical control box 414 is located near the return air vent 4111 and is removably mounted inside the unit housing 411 using a sliding rail mechanism 4141.

[0107] The electrical control box 414 is designed as a pull-out type, which allows for maintenance operations without disassembling the entire unit.

[0108] By opening the front return air grille, the electrical control box 414 can be pulled forward a certain distance. After being pulled out, most of the electrical control box 414 is located outside the enclosure, facilitating electrical maintenance, program updates, fault diagnosis, and other operations.

[0109] In some embodiments of this application, in order to ensure the safety and neatness of the cables during the pulling process of the electrical control box 414, sufficient wiring space is reserved at the bottom of the base to meet the wiring requirements of the cable length required for pulling out the electrical control box 414.

[0110] In some embodiments of this application, the refrigerant inlet and outlet (including liquid supply port and gas return port) of the unit are located on the upper left side of the front of the unit for easy connection with the direct cooling pipe 430 in the battery compartment 110. The refrigerant enters and exits the unit from the front through the shut-off valve 490, with the outlet of the shut-off valve 490 facing upwards.

[0111] The return air vent 4111 is located in the middle area of ​​the unit casing 411. The power interface and communication interface are located in the lower right corner of the unit casing 411, which are used for power supply to the unit and communication with the upper control system.

[0112] In some embodiments of this application, the base is provided with steps to facilitate the entry and exit of the slide rail mechanism 4141 of the control box 414 and avoid interference.

[0113] In some embodiments of this application, the direct-cooling unit 410 also includes a refrigerant heater (not shown), which is disposed in the refrigerant circulation loop. Its main function is to heat the refrigerant when the ambient temperature is low, increase the evaporation pressure of the refrigerant, and ensure that the compressor 412 can start and operate reliably.

[0114] In some embodiments of this application, such as Figure 10 As shown, the direct cooling temperature control system 400 mainly consists of core refrigeration components such as compressor 412, condenser 413, electronic expansion valve 450, economizer 460, four-way valve 470, electric three-way valve 480, pressure sensor, oil separator, gas-liquid separator, liquid receiver, and refrigerant heater. The working principles of each mode are as follows:

[0115] I. Cooling Mode:

[0116] The high-temperature, high-pressure gaseous refrigerant discharged from the compressor 412 undergoes oil-gas separation in the oil separator. The separated refrigerant then enters the condenser 413 to exchange heat with the outside environment and condense. The condensed liquid refrigerant is further subcooled by the economizer 460 to increase the system's subcooling degree and enhance refrigeration efficiency. The subcooled refrigerant is evenly distributed to each direct cooling plate 420 by the distributor 440, where it evaporates and absorbs heat, achieving precise cooling of the battery cell 200. The evaporated low-temperature, low-pressure refrigerant has its flow rate into the economizer 460 regulated by the electric three-way valve 480. After gas-liquid separation by the gas-liquid separator, it returns to the compressor 412, forming a closed-loop cycle.

[0117] II. Heating Mode:

[0118] The four-way valve 470 switches the refrigerant flow direction. The high-temperature refrigerant discharged from the compressor 412 enters the economizer 460 directly for primary condensation after passing through the oil separator. The refrigerant flow rate entering the economizer 460 is dynamically adjusted by the electric three-way valve 480 to precisely control the refrigerant temperature within the set range. The temperature-controlled refrigerant is evenly distributed to each direct cooling plate 420 through the distributor, where it continuously condenses and releases heat to heat the battery cell 200. The condensed high-pressure liquid refrigerant is throttled and depressurized by the electronic expansion valve 450 and flows sequentially through the economizer 460 and the outdoor heat exchanger to complete the evaporation process. The evaporated low-temperature gaseous refrigerant is reversed by the four-way valve 470 and returns to the compressor 412 to complete the heating cycle.

[0119] III. Low-temperature heating mode:

[0120] In extremely low ambient temperatures, to ensure heating performance and stable operation of compressor 412, the refrigerant heater can be activated to preheat the refrigerant. When the refrigerant heater is turned on, the refrigerant is heated, compressed by compressor 412, and then discharged into direct cooling plate 420. There, it undergoes condensation and heat exchange. At this time, electronic expansion valve 450 is fully open, and the refrigerant passes through economizer 460 and outdoor heat exchanger before returning to the suction port, completing the heating cycle.

[0121] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this utility model, and are not intended to limit it. Although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model.

[0122] For ease of explanation, the above description has been provided in conjunction with specific embodiments. However, the above exemplary discussion is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the embodiments to the specific forms disclosed above. Various modifications and variations can be obtained based on the above teachings. The selection and description of the above embodiments are for the purpose of better explaining the principles and practical applications, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to better utilize the described embodiments and various different variations of embodiments suitable for specific use considerations.

Claims

1. An energy storage cabinet, characterized in that, include: The cabinet has an internal battery compartment and an adjacent equipment compartment. The battery compartment contains multiple battery cells. The battery compartment is filled with insulating coolant to immerse the battery cells in it. The direct-cooling temperature control system includes a direct-cooling unit and multiple direct-cooling plates; The direct-cooling unit is installed in the equipment compartment and includes a unit casing, compressor, condenser, electrical control box and cooling fan; The direct cooling plate is disposed in the battery compartment, and the compressor, condenser and each direct cooling plate are sequentially connected through direct cooling pipes to form a refrigerant circulation loop; wherein, each direct cooling plate is respectively attached to the surface of its corresponding battery cell.

2. The energy storage cabinet according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery compartment contains a battery frame, and the multiple battery cells and the multiple direct cooling plates are integrated and fixed on the battery frame.

3. The energy storage cabinet according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cabinet at the top of the battery compartment is equipped with an openable and closable top cover. The battery frame, which integrates the multiple battery cells and the multiple direct cooling plates, can be hoisted into the battery compartment as a whole through the top cover. The equipment compartment is located on the side of the battery compartment.

4. The energy storage cabinet according to claim 1, characterized in that, The direct cooling pipeline includes: The primary pipeline is located inside the equipment compartment and connected to the direct cooling unit; Two secondary pipelines are installed inside the battery compartment and connected to the primary pipeline; Multiple parallel tertiary pipelines are installed inside the battery compartment, connecting between the two secondary pipelines, and each is connected to one of the multiple direct cooling plates.

5. The energy storage cabinet according to claim 4, characterized in that, The two secondary pipelines are each connected to the three-stage pipelines via at least one separator.

6. The energy storage cabinet according to claim 4, characterized in that, The direct cooling unit is located near the upper side of the battery compartment; a through-hole is provided on the upper side wall of the battery compartment to connect the battery compartment and the equipment compartment, and the primary pipeline and the secondary pipeline are connected through the through-hole.

7. The energy storage cabinet according to claim 1, characterized in that, The direct-cooling unit has a vertical structure, with a return air inlet on the front side and an air outlet on the rear side of the unit casing; the cooling fan is installed inside the unit casing near the air outlet, and the condenser is installed inside the unit casing at an angle.

8. The energy storage cabinet according to claim 7, characterized in that, The return air inlet is equipped with a detachable return air grille, and the electrical control box is located near the return air inlet and can be pulled out and installed inside the unit housing via a sliding rail mechanism.

9. The energy storage cabinet according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multiple battery cells are arranged vertically, with a direct cooling plate attached to the lower surface of each cell; the upper surface of the topmost battery cell is also provided with a direct cooling plate.

10. The energy storage cabinet according to claim 1, characterized in that, The direct-cooling unit also includes a refrigerant heater, which is installed in the refrigerant circulation loop and is used to heat the refrigerant in a low-temperature environment.

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