Battery monomer and battery pack

Abstract

The utility model provides a battery monomer and a battery pack, and relates to the technical field of batteries. The battery monomer comprises a shell, a cover plate, a pole, an electrode assembly and a connecting piece, the shell is provided with an accommodating cavity; the cover plate is connected with the shell to cover the accommodating cavity; the pole penetrates through the cover plate; the electrode assembly is arranged in the accommodating cavity and comprises an electrode body and a tab which are connected with each other; the connecting piece is arranged in the containing cavity and located between the pole and the electrode body, the connecting piece comprises a conductive part and an insulating part which are connected, the conductive part is fixedly connected with the pole, the insulating part is located on the side, facing the electrode body, of the conductive part, and a part of the tab is located in a gap formed between the insulating part and the conductive part and fixedly connected with the conductive part. According to the battery monomer provided by the invention, the insulation part of the connecting piece is used for restraining one part of the tab, so that the possibility that the tab is inserted into the electrode body is reduced, and the safety of the battery monomer is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a battery cell and a battery pack. Background Technology

[0002] The information disclosed in this background section is intended only to enhance the understanding of the general background of this disclosure and should not be construed as an admission or in any way implying that the information constitutes prior art known to those skilled in the art.

[0003] With the development of battery technology, the safety requirements for individual battery cells are becoming increasingly stringent. During the manufacturing process of individual battery cells, when the electrode components are joined together, the tabs can easily become embedded in the electrode body, causing a short circuit and affecting the safety of the individual battery cell. Utility Model Content

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of this application is to provide a battery cell and a battery pack, which aims to solve the technical problem that the tabs are easily inserted into the electrode body, causing a short circuit and affecting the safety of the battery cell.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted in this application is as follows:

[0006] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a single battery cell, comprising:

[0007] The shell has a receiving cavity;

[0008] A cover plate is connected to the housing to seal the receiving cavity;

[0009] The pole is inserted through the cover plate;

[0010] An electrode assembly is disposed within the receiving cavity, the electrode assembly comprising an electrode body and a tab connected to each other;

[0011] A connecting piece is disposed within the receiving cavity and located between the electrode post and the electrode body. The connecting piece includes a conductive part and an insulating part connected together. The conductive part is fixedly connected to the electrode post, and the insulating part is located on the side of the conductive part facing the electrode body. A gap is formed between the insulating part and the conductive part. A portion of the tab is located within the gap and is fixedly connected to the conductive part.

[0012] In one embodiment of the first aspect, the battery cell has a second direction, the connecting piece further includes an insulating adapter portion, the insulating portion is connected to the conductive portion through the insulating adapter portion, the insulating adapter portion is connected to the end of the conductive portion along the second direction, the insulating adapter portion is provided with a first clearance hole extending along the second direction, a portion of the tab passes through the first clearance hole and is fixedly connected to the conductive portion.

[0013] In one embodiment of the first aspect, the battery cell has a third direction perpendicular to the second direction, the insulating transition portion includes a first transition segment and a second transition segment connected to each other, the first transition segment is connected to the insulating portion and is provided with a first clearance hole, the second transition segment is connected to the end of the conductive portion along the second direction, and the second transition segment is provided with a second clearance hole penetrating along the third direction, the second clearance hole communicating with the first clearance hole.

[0014] In one embodiment of the first aspect, the number of electrode assemblies is multiple, the multiple electrode assemblies are arranged along the second direction, and the number of insulating portions is two, the two insulating portions corresponding to the tabs of the multiple electrode assemblies arranged along the second direction.

[0015] In one embodiment of the first aspect, the insulating portion, the insulating transition portion, and the conductive portion are integrally formed.

[0016] In one embodiment of the first aspect, the battery cell has a first orientation, and the connecting piece further includes an insulating connection portion, the insulating portion being connected to an end of the conductive portion along the first orientation via the insulating connection portion.

[0017] In one embodiment of the first aspect, the insulating portion is provided at one end of the conductive portion along the first direction, and the dimension of the insulating portion along the first direction is larger than the dimension of the tab along the first direction.

[0018] In one embodiment of the first aspect, the insulating portion is provided at both ends of the conductive portion along the first direction, and the sum of the dimensions of the two insulating portions along the first direction is greater than the dimension of the tab along the first direction.

[0019] In one embodiment of the first aspect, both the insulating part and the insulating connector are plastic parts and are integrally molded.

[0020] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a battery pack including the battery cells described in any of the embodiments of the first aspect above.

[0021] The beneficial effects of this application are as follows:

[0022] The battery cell provided in this application has a connecting piece that includes a conductive part and an insulating part connected together. The insulating part is located on the side of the conductive part facing the electrode assembly. The conductive part is fixedly connected to the electrode post. A part of the electrode tab is located in the gap formed between the insulating part and the conductive part and is fixedly connected to the conductive part. This achieves the constraint of a part of the electrode tab by the insulating part of the connecting piece, thereby reducing the possibility of the electrode tab being inserted into the electrode body and improving the safety of the battery cell.

[0023] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, preferred embodiments are described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0024] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this application and should not be regarded as a limitation of the scope. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0025] Figure 1 This paper shows a schematic diagram of the structure of a single battery cell in one embodiment of the present application.

[0026] Figure 2 An exploded structural diagram of a battery cell in one embodiment of this application is shown;

[0027] Figure 3 This invention provides a schematic diagram of the structure of a single battery cell from another perspective in one embodiment of the present application.

[0028] Figure 4 It shows Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a partial cross-sectional view at point AA;

[0029] Figure 5 It shows Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of the connecting piece from one perspective;

[0030] Figure 6 It shows Figure 5 A magnified structural diagram of region B in the middle;

[0031] Figure 7 It shows Figure 2 Another structural diagram of the connecting piece;

[0032] Figure 8 An exploded structural diagram of a battery cell is shown in another embodiment of this application;

[0033] Figure 9It shows Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure of the connecting piece from one perspective;

[0034] Figure 10 It shows Figure 7 Another structural diagram of the connecting piece;

[0035] Figure 11 This shows a schematic diagram of the connection piece of a battery cell from one perspective in yet another embodiment of this application;

[0036] Figure 12 This illustration shows another perspective structural diagram of the connecting piece of a battery cell in yet another embodiment of this application.

[0037] Explanation of key component symbols:

[0038] 100-Battery cell; 110-Housing shell; 111-Receiving cavity; 120-End cap; 121-Cover plate; 122-Terminal post; 130-Electrode assembly; 131-Electrode body; 132-Taper; 140-Connecting piece; 141-Conductive part; 142-Insulating part; 143-Insulating transition part; 1431-Allowing hole; 14311-Second clearance hole; 14312-First clearance hole; 1432-Second transition section; 1433-First transition section; 144-Insulating connection part; 145-Gap; X-First direction; Y-Second direction; Z-Third direction. Detailed Implementation

[0039] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application.

[0040] In the description of this application, the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "height", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0041] Furthermore, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that they are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0042] In the description of this application, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used to distinguish different objects and should not be construed as indicating or implying a specific order or hierarchy, or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature marked "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly defined.

[0043] In the description of this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.

[0044] In the description of this application, the term "and / or" indicates that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent three cases: A alone, A and B simultaneously, and B alone. Additionally, the character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following objects have an "or" relationship.

[0045] In the description of this application, "parallel" includes not only the case of absolute parallelism, but also the case of approximate parallelism as commonly understood in engineering; similarly, "perpendicular" also includes not only the case of absolute perpendicularity, but also the case of approximate perpendicularity as commonly understood in engineering. For example, if the angle between two directions is 80° to 90°, the two directions can be considered perpendicular; if the angle between two directions is 0° to 10°, the two directions can be considered parallel.

[0046] Battery cells are a crucial component of power battery packs, and with the advancement of battery technology, the safety requirements for battery cells are becoming increasingly stringent. During the manufacturing process of battery cells, when the electrode assemblies are joined together, the tabs may bend as the electrode assemblies are joined, potentially causing them to pierce the electrode body and resulting in a short circuit, thus affecting the safety of the battery cell.

[0047] like Figure 1 As shown, in order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, embodiments of this application provide a battery cell 100, which relates to the field of battery technology and is mainly used in battery packs for application in electrical devices or energy storage devices. Of course, the battery cell 100 can also be directly applied to electrical devices or energy storage devices without using a battery pack; no specific limitations are made on the application scenarios of the battery cell 100 here.

[0048] For example, electrical devices can be vehicles, mobile phones, portable devices, laptops, ships, spacecraft, electric toys, and power tools. Vehicles can be gasoline-powered cars, natural gas-powered cars, and new energy vehicles, with new energy vehicles including pure electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, and range-extended electric vehicles; spacecraft can be airplanes, rockets, space shuttles, drones, and spacecraft; electric toys include stationary or mobile electric toys, such as game consoles, electric car toys, electric ship toys, and electric airplane toys; power tools can be metal cutting power tools, grinding power tools, assembly power tools, and railway power tools, such as electric drills, electric grinders, electric wrenches, electric screwdrivers, electric hammers, impact drills, concrete vibrators, and electric planers; energy storage devices include energy storage containers and energy storage power stations; no specific restrictions are placed on the types of electrical devices and energy storage devices here.

[0049] Combination Figures 2 to 4 As shown, the battery cell 100 provided in this embodiment includes a housing 110, an end cap 120, an electrode assembly 130, and a connecting piece 140. The end cap 120 includes a cover plate 121 and a terminal post 122.

[0050] The housing 110 has a receiving cavity 111; a cover plate 121 is connected to the housing 110 to cover the receiving cavity 111; an electrode post 122 passes through the cover plate 121; an electrode assembly 130 is disposed in the receiving cavity 111, and the electrode assembly 130 includes an electrode body 131 and an electrode tab 132 connected to each other; a connecting piece 140 is disposed in the receiving cavity 111 and is located between the electrode post 122 and the electrode body 131, and the connecting piece 140 includes a conductive part 141 and an insulating part 142 connected to each other, the conductive part 141 is fixedly connected to the electrode post 122, the insulating part 142 is located on the side of the conductive part 141 facing the electrode body 131, a gap 145 is formed between the insulating part 142 and the conductive part 141, a part of the electrode tab 132 is located in the gap 145 and is fixedly connected to the conductive part 141.

[0051] For example, the conductive part 141 can be integrally formed using a metallic conductive material or a non-metallic conductive material. Examples of metallic conductive materials include copper, aluminum, silver, gold, iron, and nickel, while examples of non-metallic conductive materials include carbon-based materials, superconductors, and semiconductors. No specific limitations are placed on the material of the conductive part 141 here.

[0052] It should be noted that, in the description of this application, the term "fixed connection" can be understood as: two objects are in contact and electrically connected, and their relative positions remain unchanged under normal use conditions, that is, they will not easily separate or move relative to each other; for example, a fixed connection can be welding, injection molding, etc., and no specific limitation is made here.

[0053] It is understood that the battery cell 100 provided in this embodiment, because the connecting piece 140 includes a conductive part 141 and an insulating part 142 connected together, with the insulating part 142 located on the side of the conductive part 141 facing the electrode assembly 130, and the conductive part 141 fixedly connected to the terminal post 122, and a portion of the tab 132 located within the gap 145 formed between the insulating part 142 and the conductive part 141, and fixedly connected to the conductive part 141, achieves constraint of a portion of the tab 132 by the insulating part 142 of the connecting piece 140, thereby reducing the possibility of the tab 132 being inserted into the electrode body 131, thus improving the safety of the battery cell 100. Furthermore, the conductive part 141 on the connecting piece 140 facilitates the electrical connection between the electrode assembly 130 and the terminal post 122.

[0054] like Figure 2 , Figure 5 and Figure 6As shown, in one embodiment, the battery cell 100 has a second direction Y, and the connecting piece 140 further includes an insulating transition portion 143. The insulating portion 142 is connected to the conductive portion 141 through the insulating transition portion 143. The insulating transition portion 143 is connected to the end of the conductive portion 141 along the second direction Y. The insulating transition portion 143 is provided with a first clearance hole 14312 that passes through along the second direction Y. A portion of the tab 132 passes through the first clearance hole 14312 and is fixedly connected to the conductive portion 141.

[0055] It is understandable that, since the insulating part 142 is connected to the end of the conductive part 141 along the second direction Y through the insulating transition part 143, and the insulating transition part 143 is provided with a first clearance hole 14312, a part of the tab 132 can be avoided through the first clearance hole 14312, so that a part of the tab 132 can pass through the insulating transition part 143 and be located in the gap 145 formed between the insulating part 142 and the conductive part 141. This makes it easier for the insulating part 142 to constrain a part of the tab 132, thereby reducing the possibility that the tab 132 is inserted into the electrode body 131.

[0056] like Figure 2 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the battery cell further has a third direction Z perpendicular to the second direction Y. The insulating transition portion 143 includes a first transition segment 1433 and a second transition segment 1432. The first transition segment 1433 is connected to the insulating portion 142 and is provided with a first clearance hole 14312. The second transition segment 1432 is connected to the end of the conductive portion 141 along the second direction Y. The second transition segment 1432 is provided with a second clearance hole 14311 penetrating along the third direction Z. The second clearance hole 14311 communicates with the first clearance hole 14312.

[0057] It is understood that by providing a clearance hole 1431 on the insulating transition portion 143, the clearance hole 1431 includes a first clearance hole 14312 provided on the first transition section 1433, and based on the first clearance hole 14312, the clearance hole 1431 also includes a second clearance hole 14311 provided on the second transition section 1432, so that the tab 132 can be further cleared, making it easy for a part of the tab 132 to pass through the insulating transition portion 143 and thus be located in the gap 145 formed between the insulating portion 142 and the conductive portion 141.

[0058] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 7As shown, there are multiple electrode assemblies 130 arranged along the second direction Y. There are two insulating portions 142, which correspond to the tabs 132 of the multiple electrode assemblies 130 arranged along the second direction Y. This allows the connecting piece 140 to constrain the tabs 132 of the multiple electrode assemblies 130 arranged along the second direction Y through the two insulating portions 142.

[0059] It should be noted that "the two insulating portions 142 correspond to the tabs 132 of the plurality of electrode assemblies 130 arranged along the second direction Y" can be understood as follows: the plurality of electrode assemblies 130 are divided into two parts (hereinafter referred to as one part of the electrode assembly 130 and the other part of the electrode assembly 130), one of the two insulating portions 142 corresponds to the tab 132 of the one part of the electrode assembly 130, and the other insulating portion 142 corresponds to the tab 132 of the other part of the electrode assembly 130.

[0060] Furthermore, the insulating part 142, the insulating transition part 143, and the conductive part 141 are integrally formed, that is, when manufacturing the connecting piece 140, the insulating part 142, the insulating transition part 143, and the conductive part 141 are integrally formed. This can increase the structural strength and structural stability of the connecting piece, enabling it to better electrically connect the pole post 122 and the electrode assembly 130, and to better constrain the tab 132.

[0061] For example, the insulating part 142, the insulating transition part 143 and the conductive part 141 are integrally formed by injection molding or hot melting. No specific limitation is made here on the implementation method of integral molding.

[0062] like Figure 8 , Figure 9 and Figure 11 As shown, in another embodiment, the battery cell 100 has a first direction X, and the connecting piece 140 further includes an insulating connection portion 144, the insulating portion 142 being connected to the end of the conductive portion 141 along the first direction X via the insulating connection portion 144.

[0063] It is understandable that since the insulating part 142 is connected to the end of the conductive part 141 along the first direction X through the insulating connection part 144, the tab 132 can be located between the insulating part 142 and the conductive part 141 without passing through the insulating part 142. Thus, the insulating part 142 can also constrain the tab 132 to reduce the possibility of it being inserted into the electrode body 131.

[0064] like Figure 9 and Figure 10As shown, in a specific embodiment, an insulating portion 142 is provided at one end of the conductive portion 141 along the first direction X, and the size of the insulating portion 142 along the first direction X is larger than the size of the tab 132 along the first direction X.

[0065] It is understood that by providing an insulating portion 142 on one side of the conductive portion 141 along the first direction X, and limiting the size of the insulating portion 142 along the first direction X to be larger than the size of the tab 132 along the first direction X, the insulating portion 142 can better shield the tab 132 in the first direction X, thereby effectively reducing the possibility of the tab 132 being inserted into the electrode body 131.

[0066] like Figure 11 and Figure 12 As shown, in another specific embodiment, the conductive part 141 is provided with insulating parts 142 at both ends along the first direction X, and the sum of the dimensions of the two insulating parts 142 along the first direction X is greater than the dimension of the tab 132 along the first direction X.

[0067] It is understandable that by providing insulating portions 142 on both sides of the conductive portion 141 along the first direction X, and limiting the sum of the dimensions of the two insulating portions 142 along the first direction X to be greater than the dimension of the tab 132 along the first direction X, the two insulating portions 142 can better shield the tab 132 in the first direction X, thereby effectively reducing the possibility of the tab 132 being inserted into the electrode body 131.

[0068] Furthermore, both the insulating part 142 and the insulating connection part 144 are plastic parts and are integrally molded. That is, the insulating part 142 is integrally molded from plastic material, and the insulating connection part 144 is also integrally molded from plastic material.

[0069] For example, the plastic material is one of polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), without any specific limitation.

[0070] It is understandable that by using plastic material to form the insulating part 142 and the insulating connection part 144, a good insulating effect can be achieved, thereby reducing the risk of short circuit.

[0071] It should be noted that the first direction X, the second direction Y, and the third direction Z are mutually perpendicular to each other; for example, when a battery cell has a length direction, a width direction, and a height direction, the length direction is parallel to the first direction X, the width direction is parallel to the second direction Y, and the height direction is parallel to the third direction Z.

[0072] To address the aforementioned technical problems, embodiments of this application also provide a battery pack, including the battery cell 100 from any of the above embodiments.

[0073] It is understood that since the battery pack provided in this embodiment has the battery cell 100 in any of the embodiments of the first aspect, it has all the beneficial effects of the battery cell 100, which will not be described in detail here.

[0074] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0075] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting this application. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of this application.

Claims

1. A battery cell, characterized in that, include: The housing (110) has a receiving cavity (111); A cover plate (121) is connected to the housing (110) to seal the receiving cavity (111); The pole post (122) is inserted through the cover plate (121); An electrode assembly (130) is disposed within the receiving cavity (111), the electrode assembly (130) comprising an electrode body (131) and a tab (132) connected to each other; A connecting piece (140) is disposed within the receiving cavity (111) and located between the pole post (122) and the electrode body (131). The connecting piece (140) includes a conductive part (141) and an insulating part (142) connected to each other. The conductive part (141) is fixedly connected to the pole post (122). The insulating part (142) is located on the side of the conductive part (141) facing the electrode body (131). A gap (145) is formed between the insulating part (142) and the conductive part (141). A portion of the tab (132) is located within the gap (145) and is fixedly connected to the conductive part (141).

2. The battery cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery cell has a second direction (Y), and the connecting piece (140) further includes an insulating adapter (143). The insulating part (142) is connected to the conductive part (141) through the insulating adapter (143). The insulating adapter (143) and the conductive part (141) are connected at their ends along the second direction (Y). The insulating adapter (143) is provided with a first clearance hole (14312) that extends along the second direction (Y). A portion of the tab (132) passes through the first clearance hole (14312) and is fixedly connected to the conductive part (141).

3. The battery cell according to claim 2, characterized in that, The battery cell has a third direction (Z) perpendicular to the second direction (Y). The insulating transition part (143) includes a first transition section (1433) and a second transition section (1432) connected to each other. The first transition section (1433) is connected to the insulating part (142) and is provided with a first clearance hole (14312). The second transition section (1432) is connected to the end of the conductive part (141) along the second direction (Y). The second transition section (1432) is provided with a second clearance hole (14311) penetrating along the third direction (Z). The second clearance hole (14311) communicates with the first clearance hole (14312).

4. The battery cell according to claim 2, characterized in that, The number of electrode assemblies (130) is multiple, and the multiple electrode assemblies (130) are arranged along the second direction (Y). The number of insulating parts (142) is two, and the two insulating parts (142) correspond to the tabs (132) of the multiple electrode assemblies (130) arranged along the second direction (Y).

5. The battery cell according to any one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that, The insulating part (142), the insulating transition part (143), and the conductive part (141) are integrally formed.

6. The battery cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery cell has a first direction (X), and the connecting piece (140) further includes an insulating connection portion (144), the insulating portion (142) being connected to the end of the conductive portion (141) along the first direction (X) through the insulating connection portion (144).

7. The battery cell according to claim 6, characterized in that, The conductive part (141) is provided with the insulating part (142) at one end along the first direction (X), and the size of the insulating part (142) along the first direction (X) is larger than the size of the tab (132) along the first direction (X).

8. The battery cell according to claim 7, characterized in that, The conductive part (141) has insulating parts (142) at both ends along the first direction (X), and the sum of the dimensions of the two insulating parts (142) along the first direction (X) is greater than the dimension of the tab (132) along the first direction (X).

9. The battery cell according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that, Both the insulating part (142) and the insulating connection part (144) are plastic parts and are integrally molded.

10. A battery pack, characterized in that, Includes the battery cell according to any one of claims 1 to 9.

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