Gravity type valveless filter

Abstract

The utility model discloses a gravity type valveless filter which comprises a water tank, a water inlet groove is fixed at the top of the water tank, a U-shaped water inlet pipe communicated with the bottom of the water inlet groove is communicated with the water tank, a vertical ascending siphon is fixed in the middle of the water tank, the water inlet pipe is communicated with the lower portion of the ascending siphon, and an isolation hood is fixed at the bottom of the ascending siphon. The isolation hood isolates the water tank from top to bottom, the isolation hood comprises an outer isolation hood, a middle flow hood and a bottom flow dividing hood which are of an umbrella-shaped structure are sequentially arranged below the isolation hood, and a flow dividing hole A is formed in the center of the middle flow dividing hood. According to the utility model, raw water is primarily blocked by the shunting cover to form primary shunting, water flow is forcibly turned into an oblique diffusion flow state, the water flow is dispersed to the edge of the filter material layer, and water flow passing through the shunting hole A in the center is further blocked by the bottom shunting cover to form secondary shunting, so that the impact on the center of the filter material layer is reduced; the impact pressure borne by the surface layer of the filter material is reduced, the channeling occurrence rate is reduced, and the filtering period is prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of water purification equipment, and in particular to a gravity-type valveless filter. Background Technology

[0002] A gravity-type valveless filter is a water treatment device that achieves automatic filtration and backwashing based on gravity. This equipment boasts advantages such as low operating costs, simple maintenance, and a high degree of automation. It is suitable for water pretreatment in water plants, industrial circulating water systems, and greywater reuse, and is particularly well-suited for high-flow, continuous operation.

[0003] In existing technologies, raw water is usually injected directly onto the filter media layer through a high-level inlet. Due to the lack of a reasonable water distribution and buffer structure, the high-speed water flow impacts the filter media surface vertically, which can damage the uniformity of the filter media layer structure, causing local collapse and forming penetrating channels. This significantly reduces the retention rate of suspended solids, and the imbalance in the density distribution of the filter media layer exacerbates the uneven backwashing resistance. Insufficient rinsing intensity in some areas leads to the caking and residue of impurities, while in high-velocity areas, excessive rinsing of the filter media causes wear and loss. This dual effect shortens the filter media replacement cycle, and the channeling phenomenon reduces the effective utilization rate of the filter layer, forcing the equipment to frequently enter the backwashing process. This increases the energy consumption per unit of water treatment and seriously affects the effluent quality compliance rate and equipment operation. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this utility model is to provide a gravity-type valveless filter that solves the problems of vertical impact of the inlet on the filter media surface, avoids local collapse of the filter media layer, and extends the filtration cycle.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows:

[0006] A gravity-type valveless filter includes a water tank. A water inlet trough is fixed to the top of the water tank, and a U-shaped water inlet pipe connects to the bottom of the inlet trough and the water tank. A vertical rising siphon pipe is fixed to the middle of the water tank, and the lower part of the water inlet pipe is connected to the rising siphon pipe. An isolation cover is fixed to the bottom of the rising siphon pipe, isolating the water tank vertically. A filter media layer is arranged below the isolation cover, with filter media distributed inside. The bottom of the filter media layer is supported by evenly distributed support columns and the bottom of the water tank. The space between the filter media layer and the bottom of the water tank is designated as a water collection area, and the space above the isolation cover is designated as a clean water area. The water collection area and the clear water area are connected by connecting pipes at the four corners of the inner wall of the water tank. The rising siphon extends to the outside of the water tank and connects to a vertically downward descending siphon. Near the highest point of the rising siphon, a vertically downward auxiliary siphon connects to it. The upper part of the auxiliary siphon connects to the top of the rising siphon and is connected to a siphon breaking pipe. The siphon breaking pipe is located below the clear water area, and a siphon breaking bucket is installed at the bottom of the siphon breaking pipe. The bottoms of the descending siphon and the auxiliary siphon are located within a sewage trough, which is connected to a sewage pipe. A drain pipe connects to the outside of the water tank above the clear water area.

[0007] The isolation cover includes an outer isolation cover, which is an inverted bucket shape with a higher center and lower edges. The edges are sealed to the inner wall of the water tank, and the top is connected to the rising siphon pipe. Below the isolation cover, an umbrella-shaped middle diversion cover and a bottom diversion cover are arranged in sequence. The middle diversion cover has a diversion hole A in the center. The lateral extension area of ​​the middle diversion cover is smaller than that of the isolation cover but larger than that of the bottom diversion cover. The isolation cover is fixed to the middle diversion cover and the bottom diversion cover by connecting rods.

[0008] The bottom diversion hood has a diversion hole B at its center, and the diversion hole A and diversion hole B are coaxial with the descending siphon pipe.

[0009] The filter media layer includes a filter plate, the bottom of which is supported by a support column. The filter plate has honeycomb holes inside, and filter media is placed inside the honeycomb holes. Filter holes are opened at the bottom of the filter plate, and the diameter of the filter holes is smaller than that of the filter media.

[0010] A mesh is fixed to the top surface of the filter plate.

[0011] The filter plate is multi-layered and stacked from top to bottom. The filter media particles in each layer decrease in size from top to bottom, and the top layer of the filter plate is fixed with a mesh.

[0012] The filter plate has rectangular movable grooves on both sides of its top surface, and the trapezoidal grooves are connected to the movable grooves. A trapezoidal block is fixed on the bottom surface of the filter plate, and adjacent filter plates are slidably connected along the trapezoidal groove through the trapezoidal block.

[0013] A vertical inlet weir is provided in the middle of the inlet tank, which divides the inlet tank into an inlet area and a distribution area. The bottom of the distribution area is connected to the inlet pipe.

[0014] An L-shaped drainage weir is fixed at the connection between the inner wall of the water tank and the drain pipe.

[0015] This utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0016] 1. Raw water enters vertically from the inlet pipe through the rising siphon pipe under the isolation cover. It is initially blocked by the middle diversion cover, forming a primary diversion. The water flow is forced to turn into an oblique diffusion flow, and the water flow is dispersed to the edge of the filter media layer. Moreover, the water flow through the central diversion hole A is further blocked by the bottom diversion cover, forming a secondary diversion. This reduces the impact on the center of the filter media layer, subverts the traditional vertical impact mode, reduces the impact pressure on the surface of the filter media, reduces the channeling rate, and extends the filtration cycle.

[0017] 2. The honeycomb design within the filter media layer enhances the filter plate's impact resistance and reduces the horizontal movement of the filter media when subjected to water flow impact. This ensures the stability of the filter media's position, prevents localized unevenness, guarantees uniform filtration efficiency, and further reduces the occurrence of channeling in the filter media. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the appearance and structure of this utility model;

[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the positions of the outlet pipe and the siphon downpipe of this utility model;

[0020] Figure 3 This is a longitudinal sectional view of the water tank of this utility model;

[0021] Figure 4 This is a vertical sectional axonometric view of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 5 This is a utility model Figure 4 Enlarged view of A in the middle;

[0023] Figure 6 This is a longitudinal sectional axonometric view of the water outlet pipe and drainage weir of this utility model;

[0024] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the filter media layer structure of this utility model;

[0025] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the filter plate distribution of this utility model;

[0026] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the filter pore structure of this utility model;

[0027] Figure 10 This is a utility model Figure 8 Enlarged view of B in the middle;

[0028] Icons: 1. Water tank; 2. Inlet trough; 201. Inlet weir; 202. Inlet area; 203. Diversion area; 3. Inlet pipe; 4. Rising siphon pipe; 5. Isolation cover; 501. Outer isolation cover; 502. Middle diversion cover; 503. Bottom diversion cover; 504. Diversion hole A; 505. Connecting rod; 506. Diversion hole B; 6. Filter media layer; 601. Filter plate; 602. Honeycomb 603. Filter hole; 604. Mesh screen; 605. Movable trough; 606. Trapezoidal trough; 607. Trapezoidal block; 7. Support column; 8. Water collection area; 9. Clear water area; 10. Connecting pipe; 11. Downward siphon pipe; 12. Auxiliary siphon pipe; 13. Siphon breaking pipe; 14. Siphon breaking bucket; 15. Sewage trough; 16. Sewage pipe; 17. Drainage pipe; 171. Drainage weir. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The embodiments of this utility model will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are for illustrative purposes only and should not be construed as limiting the scope of this utility model.

[0030] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connected" and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0031] like Figure 1-10As shown, in this embodiment, a gravity-type valveless filter includes a water tank 1. An inlet trough 2 is welded to the top of the water tank 1. An inlet weir 201 is vertically installed in the middle of the inlet trough 2, dividing it into an inlet zone 202 and a distribution zone 203. The inlet weir 201 allows high-level water from the inlet zone 202 to flow into the distribution zone 203, causing large particles in the raw water to settle and act as a barrier. The upper end of a U-shaped inlet pipe 3 is connected to a flange at the bottom of the distribution zone 203, forming a water seal to prevent backflow of air and ensure uniform water intake. A vertical rising siphon pipe 4 is welded to the middle of the water tank 1, and the other end of the inlet pipe 3 is connected to the rising siphon pipe 4. The lower part is connected, and the bottom of the rising siphon pipe 4 is connected to the flange of the isolation cover 5. The isolation cover 5 isolates the water tank 1 from the top and bottom. A filter media layer 6 is provided below the isolation cover 5. The filter media layer 6 contains filter media. The bottom is supported by the evenly distributed support columns 7 and the bottom of the water tank 1. The space between the filter media layer 6 and the bottom of the water tank 1 is designated as the water collection area 8. The space above the isolation cover 5 is designated as the clear water area 9. The water collection area 8 and the clear water area 9 are connected by connecting pipes 10 at the four corners of the inner wall of the water tank 1. The rising siphon pipe 4 extends to the outside of the water tank 1 and is connected to a vertically downward descending siphon pipe 11 through an elbow. An auxiliary siphon pipe 12 is located at the top of the rising siphon pipe 4. The auxiliary siphon pipe 12 is inserted obliquely 30cm below the highest point. Its upper part is connected to the top of the rising siphon pipe 4 via a siphon breaking pipe 13. The siphon breaking pipe 13 forms an inverted U-shape and is located within the clear water zone 9. A siphon triggering system is constructed using fluid dynamics principles. The auxiliary siphon pipe 12 and the siphon breaking pipe 13 form a pressure balance system. A siphon breaking bucket 14 is installed at the bottom of the siphon breaking pipe 13. The bottoms of the descending siphon pipe 11 and the auxiliary siphon pipe 12 are located within a sewage trough 15. A sewage pipe 16 is connected to the outside of the sewage trough 15. A drain pipe 17 is connected to the outside of the water tank 1 at the top of the clear water zone 9. The isolation cover 5 includes an outer partition. The outer isolation cover 501 is an inverted bucket shape with a higher center and lower edges. It is sealed to the inner wall of the water tank 1 on all four sides and connected to the flange of the rising siphon pipe 4 at the top. Below the outer isolation cover 501, the middle diversion cover 502 and the bottom diversion cover 503 are arranged in sequence with an umbrella-shaped structure. The outer isolation cover 501, the middle diversion cover 502 and the bottom diversion cover 503 are spaced 30cm apart. The middle diversion cover 502 has a diversion hole A504 in the center. The lateral extension area of ​​the middle diversion cover 502 is smaller than that of the outer isolation cover 501 and larger than that of the bottom diversion cover 503. The outer isolation cover 501 is welded and fixed to the middle diversion cover 502 and the bottom diversion cover 503 by connecting rod 505. Through the secondary diversion of the middle diversion hood 502 and the bottom diversion hood 503, the water flow is forced to turn into an oblique diffusion flow state, and the water flow is dispersed to the edge of the filter media layer 6. Moreover, the water flow through the central diversion hole A504 is further blocked by the bottom diversion hood 503, reducing the impact on the center of the filter media layer 6, subverting the traditional vertical impact mode, reducing the impact pressure on the surface of the filter media, reducing the channeling rate, and extending the filtration cycle.

[0032] The bottom diversion hood 503 has a diversion hole B506 at its center. The diversion holes A504 and B506 are coaxial with the descending siphon pipe 11. This allows less water to flow vertically through the diversion hole B506 to the filter media layer 6, increasing the uniformity of the water flow direction.

[0033] The filter media layer 6 includes a filter plate 601, which is injection molded from PP material. The bottom of the filter plate 601 is supported by a support column 7. The interior of the filter plate 601 has honeycomb holes 602 arranged in a regular hexagonal pattern. Filter media is placed inside the honeycomb holes 602. Filter holes 603 are opened at the bottom of the filter plate 601. The diameter of the filter holes 603 is smaller than that of the filter media to prevent filter media leakage.

[0034] The top surface of the filter plate 601 is bonded with a mesh 604 by epoxy resin. The mesh 604 is made of 316L stainless steel woven mesh with a pore size smaller than the diameter of the filter material to prevent the filter material from escaping from the top of the honeycomb pores 602.

[0035] The filter plate 601 is multi-layered and stacked from top to bottom. The filter media particles in each layer decrease in size from top to bottom. The top layer contains φ2-4mm anthracite, the middle layer contains φ1-2mm quartz sand, and the bottom layer contains φ0.5-1mm garnet. The top surface of the top filter plate 601 is bonded to the mesh 604. Similarly, the filter holes 603 in each layer are smaller than the diameter of the filter media inside.

[0036] The filter plate 601 has rectangular movable grooves 605 on both sides of its top surface, and trapezoidal grooves 606 communicate with the movable grooves 605. A trapezoidal block 607 is fixed on the bottom surface of the filter plate 601. Adjacent filter plates 601 are slidably connected along the trapezoidal groove 606 through the trapezoidal block 607, so as to realize the quick splicing of filter plates 601 and facilitate the replacement of filter media in the same layer.

[0037] An L-shaped drainage weir 171 is welded at the connection between the inner wall of the water tank 1 and the drain pipe 17. The drainage weir 171 extends to the front and rear sides of the water tank 1. The drainage weir 171 controls the water level in the clear water area to be maintained at 85% of the height of the water tank, so as to prevent sediment from being discharged directly from the drain pipe 17.

[0038] The working principle of this utility model is as follows:

[0039] Filtration stage: Raw water overflows from the high water level of the inlet zone 202, passing over the inlet weir 201, to the distribution zone 203. Suspended solids settle at the bottom of the distribution zone. The U-shaped inlet pipe 3 forms a siphon water seal, stably guiding the pretreated water into the rising siphon pipe 4 at a flow rate of 0.5 m / s. The water flow is discharged and guided through the middle distribution hood 502 and the distribution hole A504, and further divided into all directions by the bottom distribution hood 503. A small portion of water retained vertically forms a center that is in vertical contact with the filter media layer 6 through the distribution hole B506. Anthracite, quartz sand, and garnet in the honeycomb holes 602 of the filter media layer 6 intercept particles, impurities, and suspended solids in the raw water in sequence. After filtration, the clean water enters the collection zone 8 and rises to the clean water zone 9 through the connecting pipes 10 at the four corners. The clean water is continuously output through the drain pipe 17.

[0040] Backwashing stage: As the filter layer resistance increases, the inlet of the auxiliary siphon pipe 12 is submerged, and the water flows down through the auxiliary siphon pipe 12 into the drain tank 15. Because the bottom of the descending siphon pipe 11 is blocked by water, internal air is continuously expelled, creating negative pressure. The water flow in the descending siphon pipe 11 rises and merges with the rising siphon pipe 4. The water flow reverses from the descending siphon pipe 11 into the drain tank 15 and is discharged from the drain pipe 16. A vacuum siphon is formed within the descending siphon pipe 11, creating a clear water zone 9. The stored water flows back to the collection area 8 through the connecting pipe 10. The water flows up the filter media layer 6 to the rising siphon pipe 4 to form a reverse flushing water flow. The impurities accumulated on the surface of the filter media in the filter media layer 6 are stripped off and discharged through the rising siphon pipe 4 and the falling siphon pipe 11. When the water level in the clear water area 9 drops to the siphon breaking hopper 14, air enters the siphon breaking hopper 14 and the siphon breaking pipe 13. The air rises into the rising siphon pipe 4 and the auxiliary siphon pipe 12, and the siphon negative pressure is broken, entering the next filtration cycle.

[0041] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A gravity-type valveless filter, comprising a water tank (1), wherein a water inlet trough (2) is fixed to the top of the water tank (1), and a U-shaped water inlet pipe (3) is connected to the bottom of the water inlet trough (2) and communicates with the water tank (1), characterized in that, A vertical rising siphon pipe (4) is fixed in the middle of the water tank (1). The water inlet pipe (3) is connected to the lower part of the rising siphon pipe (4). An isolation cover (5) is fixed at the bottom of the rising siphon pipe (4). The isolation cover (5) isolates the water tank (1) from top to bottom. A filter media layer (6) is set below the isolation cover (5). The filter media layer (6) contains filter media. The bottom is supported by the bottom of the water tank (1) by evenly distributed support columns (7). The space between the filter media layer (6) and the bottom of the water tank (1) is set as a water collection area (8). The space above the isolation cover (5) is set as a clear water area (9). The water collection area (8) and the clear water area (9) are connected by connecting pipes (10) at the four corners of the inner wall of the water tank (1). The rising siphon (4) extends to the outside of the water tank (1) and is connected to a vertically downward descending siphon (11). The rising siphon (4) is connected to a vertically downward auxiliary siphon (12) near the bottom of its highest point. The upper part of the auxiliary siphon (12) is connected to the top of the rising siphon (4) and is connected to a siphon breaking pipe (13). The siphon breaking pipe (13) is located below the clear water zone (9). A siphon breaking bucket (14) is installed at the bottom of the siphon breaking pipe (13). The bottom of the descending siphon (11) and the auxiliary siphon (12) is located inside the sewage trough (15). A sewage pipe (16) is connected to the outside of the sewage trough (15). A drain pipe (17) is connected to the outside of the water tank (1) above the clear water zone (9). The isolation cover (5) includes an outer isolation cover (501), which is an inverted bucket shape with a high center and low sides. The sides are sealed to the inner wall of the water tank (1), and the top is connected to the rising siphon pipe (4). Below the outer isolation cover (501), there are a middle diversion cover (502) and a bottom diversion cover (503) with an umbrella-shaped structure. The middle diversion cover (502) has a diversion hole A (504) in the center. The lateral extension area of ​​the middle diversion cover (502) is smaller than that of the outer isolation cover (501) and larger than that of the bottom diversion cover (503). The outer isolation cover (501) is fixed to the middle diversion cover (502) and the bottom diversion cover (503) by a connecting rod (505).

2. A gravity-type valveless filter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom diversion shroud (503) has a diversion hole B (506) at its center. The diversion hole A (504) and the diversion hole B (506) are coaxial with the descending siphon pipe (11).

3. A gravity-type valveless filter according to claim 2, characterized in that, The filter media layer (6) includes a filter plate (601), the bottom of which is supported by a support column (7). The filter plate (601) has honeycomb holes (602) inside, and filter media is placed inside the honeycomb holes (602). The bottom of the filter plate (601) has filter holes (603), and the diameter of the filter holes (603) is smaller than that of the filter media.

4. A gravity-type valveless filter according to claim 3, characterized in that, A mesh (604) is fixed on the top surface of the filter plate (601).

5. A gravity-type valveless filter according to claim 4, characterized in that, The filter plate (601) is multi-layered and stacked from top to bottom. The filter media particles in each layer are arranged from large to small from top to bottom. The top filter plate (601) is fixed with a mesh (604).

6. A gravity-type valveless filter according to claim 5, characterized in that, The filter plate (601) has rectangular movable grooves (605) on both sides of its top surface, and the trapezoidal groove (606) is connected to the movable groove (605). A trapezoidal block (607) is fixed on the bottom surface of the filter plate (601), and adjacent filter plates (601) are slidably connected along the trapezoidal groove (606) through the trapezoidal block (607).

7. A gravity-type valveless filter according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water inlet trough (2) is provided with a vertical water inlet weir (201) in the middle, which divides the water inlet trough (2) into a water inlet area (202) and a water distribution area (203). The bottom of the water distribution area (203) is connected to the water inlet pipe (3).

8. A gravity-type valveless filter according to claim 1, characterized in that, An L-shaped drainage weir (171) is fixed at the connection between the inner wall of the water tank (1) and the drain pipe (17).

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