Layered water taking system based on gravity dam

Abstract

The layered water taking system based on the gravity dam comprises a vertical shaft, three vertical shaft type water taking openings are sequentially formed in one side of the upstream of the vertical shaft, the three vertical shaft type water taking openings are arranged according to the dead water level and the normal water storage level elevation of a reservoir, and the three vertical shaft type water taking openings are each provided with an overhauling mechanism. The layered water taking system based on the gravity dam solves the problems that an existing conventional maintenance system of the gravity dam depends on a single valve form, when a valve breaks down, a reservoir needs to be emptied for maintenance, and water taking continuity is seriously affected, and later maintenance is facilitated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of gravity dam water intake technology, specifically relating to a gravity dam-based stratified water intake system. Background Technology

[0002] Reservoirs, as important flood control facilities, often undertake multiple tasks such as water intake and irrigation. Gravity dams, a common type of dam in water conservancy projects, are widely used due to their compact arrangement of key structures. Traditional gravity dam water intake structures generally adopt a single-elevation intake design. The fixed intake elevation cannot adapt to seasonal changes in the reservoir water level. When the reservoir water level is lower than the design intake elevation, normal water intake cannot be achieved, resulting in unstable water quality and easy intake of surface cold water or bottom turbid water.

[0003] Existing gravity dam intake structures employ a stratified water intake method, with each layer having different water quality. The purpose of stratified intake is to select the best water layer and open intakes at different depths. By creating multiple intake structures at varying heights on the upstream side of the gravity dam intake, the conventional maintenance system relies on a single valve. When a valve fails, the reservoir must be emptied for repairs, severely impacting water intake continuity. In extreme conditions, the lack of an independent maintenance system for intakes below the dead water level poses a risk of uncontrolled leakage and significant safety hazards to the water supply system. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a stratified water intake system based on a gravity dam, which solves the problem that the existing conventional maintenance system for gravity dams relies on a single valve, and when the valve fails, the reservoir needs to be emptied for maintenance, which seriously affects the continuity of water intake.

[0005] The technical solution adopted in this utility model is a gravity dam layered water intake system, including a vertical shaft. Three vertical shaft water intakes are set sequentially on the upstream side of the vertical shaft. The three vertical shaft water intakes are set according to the dead water level and normal water storage level of the reservoir. Each of the three vertical shaft water intakes is equipped with a maintenance mechanism.

[0006] The features of this utility model also include:

[0007] The three vertical well-type water intakes include a lower intake, a middle intake, and an upper intake, corresponding to three different elevations. The maintenance mechanisms include an upper maintenance mechanism, a middle maintenance mechanism, and a lower maintenance mechanism. The upper intake is equipped with an upper maintenance mechanism and is located below the normal water level to meet the water intake requirements at the normal water level. The middle intake is equipped with a middle maintenance mechanism and is located between the dead water level and the normal water level of the reservoir. The lower intake is equipped with a lower maintenance mechanism and is located below the dead water level of the reservoir to meet the water intake requirements at the dead water level.

[0008] The upper maintenance mechanism includes a trash rack a, which is located on the upstream side of the upper water intake. The trash rack a is connected to a funnel a, the tail of which is connected to a gate slot. The upper water intake pipe is connected to the gate slot. The upper water intake pipe is equipped with a maintenance valve a, an expansion joint a, and a working valve a in sequence.

[0009] The intermediate maintenance mechanism includes a trash rack b, which is located on the upstream side of the intermediate water intake. The trash rack b is connected to a bell mouth b, and the tail of the bell mouth b is connected to a gate slot. The gate slot is connected to the intermediate water intake pipe. The intermediate water intake pipe is sequentially equipped with a maintenance valve b, an expansion joint b, and a working valve b.

[0010] The lower-level maintenance mechanism includes a trash rack c, which is located upstream of the lower-level water intake. The trash rack c is connected to a funnel c, and a maintenance gate is installed at the tail of the funnel c. The maintenance gate is connected to the lower-level water intake pipe, and a maintenance valve c, an expansion joint c, and a working valve c are installed sequentially on the lower-level water intake pipe.

[0011] Working valve a is connected to the water supply pipeline located on the upper layer, which extends downwards; working valve b is connected to the water supply pipeline located on the middle layer, which extends downwards, and the water supply pipeline located on the middle layer is interconnected with the water supply pipeline located on the upper layer; working valve c is connected to the water supply pipeline located on the lower layer, which is interconnected with the water supply pipeline located on the middle layer, and the water supply pipeline located on the lower layer extends to the outside of the dam body.

[0012] A gate hoisting room is set up on the top of the dam, and a gate hoisting machine is installed inside the gate hoisting room. The gate hoisting machine controls the opening and closing of the maintenance gate in the gate slot.

[0013] A vent pipe is installed at the highest point of the upper water intake pipe, extending vertically upwards to the outside of the dam body.

[0014] Trash racks a, b, and c are all circular grid-type trash racks.

[0015] A zigzag ladder is installed in the vertical shaft.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: The gravity dam-based stratified water intake system provided by this utility model allows for the installation and maintenance of gates through stratified water intakes and independent maintenance facilities. It provides flexible control over stratified water intake, and when valves malfunction and require repair, there is no need to empty the reservoir, ensuring continuous water intake and saving a significant amount of construction work. Thus, it meets the functional requirements of the main project while saving investment and construction time, thereby improving the comprehensive benefits of the water conservancy project. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the gravity dam-based stratified water intake system of this utility model;

[0018] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the upper water intake of the gravity dam-based stratified water intake system of this utility model;

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the middle intake of the stratified water intake system based on a gravity dam according to this utility model;

[0020] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the lower water intake of the gravity dam-based stratified water intake system of this utility model.

[0021] In the diagram, 1. Shaft, 2. Hoist, 3. Hoist room, 4. Trash rack a, 5. Bell mouth a, 6. Maintenance valve a, 7. Expansion joint a, 8. Working valve a, 9. Vent pipe, 10. Trash rack b, 11. Bell mouth b, 12. Maintenance valve b, 13. Expansion joint b, 14. Working valve b, 15. Trash rack c, 16. Bell mouth c, 17. Maintenance gate, 18. Gate slot, 19. Maintenance valve c, 20. Expansion joint c, 21. Working valve c, 22. Water supply pipe, 23. Zigzag ladder. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0023] Example 1

[0024] This utility model is based on the structure of a gravity dam stratified water intake system, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the system includes a vertical shaft 1, with three vertical shaft-type water intakes sequentially installed on the upstream side of the vertical shaft 1. The three vertical shaft-type water intakes are set according to the dead water level and normal water storage level of the reservoir, and each of the three vertical shaft-type water intakes is equipped with a maintenance mechanism.

[0025] Example 2

[0026] This utility model is based on a gravity dam stratified water intake system, including a vertical shaft 1. Three vertical shaft-type water intakes are sequentially arranged on the upstream side of shaft 1. The three vertical shaft-type water intakes are positioned according to the reservoir's dead water level and normal storage water level. Each of the three vertical shaft-type water intakes is equipped with a maintenance mechanism. Based on Embodiment 1, in this embodiment, the three vertical shaft-type water intakes include a lower-level water intake, a middle-level water intake, and an upper-level water intake, corresponding to three different elevations. The maintenance mechanisms include an upper-level maintenance mechanism, a middle-level maintenance mechanism, and a lower-level maintenance mechanism. The upper-level water intake is equipped with an upper-level maintenance mechanism and is located below the normal storage water level, meeting the water intake requirements at the normal storage water level. The middle-level water intake is equipped with a middle-level maintenance mechanism and is located between the reservoir's dead water level and normal storage water level. The lower-level water intake is equipped with a lower-level maintenance mechanism and is located below the reservoir's dead water level, meeting the water intake requirements at the dead water level.

[0027] Example 3

[0028] This utility model is based on a gravity dam layered water intake system, including a vertical shaft 1. Three vertical shaft-type water intakes are sequentially arranged on the upstream side of shaft 1. The three vertical shaft-type water intakes are positioned according to the reservoir's dead water level and normal storage water level elevations. Each of the three vertical shaft-type water intakes is equipped with a maintenance mechanism. The three vertical shaft-type water intakes include a lower-level water intake, a middle-level water intake, and an upper-level water intake, corresponding to three different elevations. The maintenance mechanisms include an upper-level maintenance mechanism, a middle-level maintenance mechanism, and a lower-level maintenance mechanism. The upper-level water intake is equipped with an upper-level maintenance mechanism and is located below the normal storage water level, meeting the water intake requirements at the normal storage water level. The middle-level water intake is equipped with a middle-level maintenance mechanism and is located between the reservoir's dead water level and normal storage water level. The lower-level water intake is equipped with a lower-level maintenance mechanism and is located below the reservoir's dead water level, meeting the water intake requirements at the dead water level. Based on embodiment 2, as... Figure 2 As shown, in this embodiment, the upper maintenance mechanism includes a trash rack a4, which is located upstream of the upper water intake. The trash rack a4 is connected to a funnel a5, and the tail of the funnel a5 is connected to a gate slot 18. The gate slot 18 is connected to the upper water intake pipe. The upper water intake pipe is sequentially equipped with a maintenance valve a6, an expansion joint a7, and a working valve a8. The maintenance valve a6 and the expansion joint a7 meet the maintenance needs of the working valve a8. The working valve a8 is connected to the upper water supply pipe 22, which extends downward.

[0029] A vent pipe 9 is installed at the highest point of the upper water intake pipe. The vent pipe 9 extends vertically upward to the outside of the dam body to meet the ventilation requirements of the three vertical well water intakes.

[0030] Example 4

[0031] This utility model is based on a gravity dam stratified water intake system, including a vertical shaft 1. Three vertical shaft-type water intakes are sequentially arranged on the upstream side of shaft 1. The three vertical shaft-type water intakes are positioned according to the reservoir's dead water level and normal storage level. Each of the three vertical shaft-type water intakes is equipped with a maintenance mechanism. The three vertical shaft-type water intakes include a lower-level water intake, a middle-level water intake, and an upper-level water intake, corresponding to three different elevations. The maintenance mechanisms include an upper-level maintenance mechanism, a middle-level maintenance mechanism, and a lower-level maintenance mechanism. The upper-level water intake is equipped with an upper-level maintenance mechanism and is located below the normal storage level, meeting the water intake requirements at the normal storage level. The middle-level water intake is equipped with a middle-level maintenance mechanism and is located between the reservoir's dead water level and normal storage level. The lower-level water intake is equipped with a lower-level maintenance mechanism and is located below the reservoir's dead water level, meeting the water intake requirements at the dead water level. The upper maintenance mechanism includes a trash rack a4, which is located upstream of the upper water intake. The trash rack a4 is connected to a bell-shaped inlet a5, and the tail of the bell-shaped inlet a5 is connected to a gate slot 18. The gate slot 18 is connected to the upper water intake pipe. A maintenance valve a6, an expansion joint a7, and a working valve a8 are sequentially installed on the upper water intake pipe. The maintenance valve a6 and expansion joint a7 meet the maintenance needs of the working valve a8. The working valve a8 is connected to the upper water supply pipe 22, which extends downwards. Based on embodiment 3, as... Figure 3 As shown, the mid-level maintenance mechanism in this embodiment includes a trash rack b10, which is located upstream of the mid-level water intake. A funnel-shaped opening b11 is connected to the rear of the trash rack b10, and a gate slot 18 is connected to the tail of the funnel-shaped opening b11. The gate slot 18 is connected to the mid-level water intake pipe. A maintenance valve b12, an expansion joint b13, and a working valve b14 are sequentially installed on the mid-level water intake pipe. The maintenance valve b12 and expansion joint b13 meet the maintenance requirements of the working valve b14. The working valve b14 is connected to a water supply pipe 22 located in the mid-level, which extends downwards and is interconnected with the water supply pipe 22 located in the upper level.

[0032] Example 5

[0033] This utility model is based on a gravity dam stratified water intake system, including a vertical shaft 1. Three vertical shaft-type water intakes are sequentially arranged on the upstream side of shaft 1. The three vertical shaft-type water intakes are positioned according to the reservoir's dead water level and normal storage level. Each of the three vertical shaft-type water intakes is equipped with a maintenance mechanism. The three vertical shaft-type water intakes include a lower-level water intake, a middle-level water intake, and an upper-level water intake, corresponding to three different elevations. The maintenance mechanisms include an upper-level maintenance mechanism, a middle-level maintenance mechanism, and a lower-level maintenance mechanism. The upper-level water intake is equipped with an upper-level maintenance mechanism and is located below the normal storage level, meeting the water intake requirements at the normal storage level. The middle-level water intake is equipped with a middle-level maintenance mechanism and is located between the reservoir's dead water level and normal storage level. The lower-level water intake is equipped with a lower-level maintenance mechanism and is located below the reservoir's dead water level, meeting the water intake requirements at the dead water level. The upper-level maintenance mechanism includes a trash rack a4, which is located upstream of the upper-level water intake. The trash rack a4 is connected to a bell-shaped inlet a5, and the tail of the bell-shaped inlet a5 is connected to a gate slot 18. The gate slot 18 is connected to the upper-level water intake pipe. A maintenance valve a6, an expansion joint a7, and a working valve a8 are sequentially installed on the upper-level water intake pipe. The maintenance valve a6 and expansion joint a7 meet the maintenance needs of the working valve a8. The working valve a8 is connected to the upper-level water supply pipe 22, which extends downwards. The intermediate maintenance mechanism includes a trash rack b10, which is located upstream of the intermediate water intake. A bell-shaped inlet b11 is connected to the trash rack b10, and a gate slot 18 is connected to the tail of the bell-shaped inlet b11. The gate slot 18 is connected to the intermediate water intake pipe. A maintenance valve b12, an expansion joint b13, and a working valve b14 are sequentially installed on the intermediate water intake pipe. The maintenance valve b12 and expansion joint b13 meet the maintenance requirements of the working valve b14. The working valve b14 is connected to a water supply pipe 22 located in the intermediate layer. The water supply pipe 22 in the intermediate layer extends downwards and is interconnected with the water supply pipe 22 located in the upper layer. Based on embodiment 4, in this embodiment, the lower maintenance mechanism includes a trash rack c15, which is located upstream of the lower water intake. Figure 4 As shown, the trash rack c15 is connected to the bell mouth c16, the tail of the bell mouth c16 is connected to the gate slot 18, and the gate slot 18 is connected to the lower water intake pipe. The lower water intake pipe is sequentially equipped with a maintenance valve c19, an expansion joint c20, and a working valve c21. The maintenance valve c19 and the expansion joint c20 meet the maintenance needs of the working valve c21. The working valve c21 is connected to the lower water supply pipe 22, which is connected to the middle water supply pipe 22. The lower water supply pipe 22 extends to the outside of the dam body.

[0034] A gate hoisting room 3 is set on the top of the dam. A gate hoisting machine 2 is set inside the gate hoisting room 3. The gate hoisting machine 2 controls the opening and closing of the maintenance gate 17 in the gate slot 18.

[0035] Trash grates a4, b10, and c15 are all circular grid-type trash grates used for trash interception to reduce water flow resistance.

[0036] The zigzag ladder installed in shaft 1 allows staff to access water intakes at different elevations for maintenance.

[0037] Example 6

[0038] The maintenance gate 17 has a specification of 1m*1m, the gate type is a flat fixed wheel steel gate, the operation method is static water opening and closing, the self-weight of the maintenance gate 17 is 2.2t, and the hoist 2 adopts a fixed winch type hoist QP400kN-38m.

[0039] Inspection valves a6, b12, and c19 all adopt double eccentric soft-seal butterfly valves.

[0040] Working valves a8, b14, and c21 are all eccentric hemispherical valves with a nominal pressure of 1 MPa.

[0041] This utility model, based on the working principle of a gravity dam stratified water intake system, employs a three-well intake structure. According to the vertical distribution characteristics of the reservoir water quality, three intakes at different heights are designed, corresponding to different depths of the reservoir. The intake design must consider factors such as the long-term operating water level, water quality, and reservoir stability to ensure the uniformity and stability of water intake. Vertical well intakes are installed on the upstream side of the gravity dam intake section. Three layers of intakes at different elevations are set according to the reservoir's dead water level and normal storage water level, allowing for dynamic adaptation to water level changes, uninterrupted maintenance, and safe operation under extreme conditions.

[0042] The working process of this utility model based on the gravity dam stratified water intake system is as follows:

[0043] When the reservoir water level is above the upper intake, maintenance valve a6 and working valve a8 are opened for water intake, and the other valves are closed. During maintenance, maintenance valve a6 is closed and working valve a8 is repaired. When maintenance valve a6 is damaged, the reservoir water level is lowered to below the bottom plate of the upper intake, maintenance valve a6 is repaired, and water is taken from the other intakes.

[0044] When the reservoir water level is lower than the upper intake, open the maintenance valve b12 and the working valve b14, and close the other valves; during maintenance, close the maintenance valve b12 and repair the working valve b14; when the maintenance valve b12 is damaged, lower the reservoir water level below the elevation of the middle intake, repair the maintenance valve b14, and take water from the lower intake.

[0045] When the reservoir water level is lower than the middle intake, open the maintenance valve C19 and the working valve C21, and close the other valves. During maintenance, close the maintenance valve C19 and repair the working valve C21. When the maintenance valve C19 is damaged, there is no need to lower the reservoir water level. Simply close the maintenance gate 17 through the hoist 2 and repair the maintenance valve C19.

[0046] This invention is based on a gravity dam stratified water intake system. It features maintenance mechanisms at each of the three vertical shaft intakes and maintenance valves at each of the three intake levels. These valves open at different elevations when the reservoir reaches different water levels, controlling the flow rate at each intake level. The maintenance valves are designed with sealing performance and reliability in mind to ensure timely closure in emergencies. Furthermore, considering the water wastage caused by draining the reservoir below the dead water level, or even the difficulty of draining below this level, an independent emergency maintenance gate system is added to the intakes below the dead water level. This solves the problem of inaccessible lower intakes in traditional designs and prevents the risk of uncontrolled leakage.

Claims

1. A gravity dam-based stratified water intake system, characterized in that, It includes a vertical shaft (1), and three vertical shaft water intakes are set in sequence on the upstream side of the vertical shaft (1). The three vertical shaft water intakes are set according to the dead water level and normal water storage level of the reservoir. All three vertical shaft water intakes are equipped with maintenance mechanisms.

2. The gravity dam-based stratified water intake system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The three vertical shaft water intakes include a lower intake, a middle intake, and an upper intake, corresponding to three different elevations. The maintenance mechanisms include an upper maintenance mechanism, a middle maintenance mechanism, and a lower maintenance mechanism. The upper intake is equipped with an upper maintenance mechanism and is located below the normal water level to meet the water intake requirements at the normal water level. The middle intake is equipped with a middle maintenance mechanism and is located between the dead water level and the normal water level of the reservoir. The lower intake is equipped with a lower maintenance mechanism and is located below the dead water level of the reservoir to meet the water intake requirements at the dead water level.

3. The gravity dam-based stratified water intake system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The upper maintenance mechanism includes a trash rack a (4), which is located on the upstream side of the upper water intake. The trash rack a (4) is connected to a bell mouth a (5), and the tail of the bell mouth a (5) is connected to a gate groove (18). The gate groove (18) is connected to the upper water intake pipe. The upper water intake pipe is sequentially equipped with a maintenance valve a (6), an expansion joint a (7), and a working valve a (8).

4. The gravity dam-based stratified water intake system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The mid-level maintenance mechanism includes a trash rack b (10), which is located on the upstream side of the mid-level water intake. The trash rack b (10) is connected to a bell mouth b (11) after the trash rack b (10). The tail of the bell mouth b (11) is connected to a gate slot (18). The gate slot (18) is connected to the mid-level water intake pipe. The mid-level water intake pipe is sequentially equipped with a maintenance valve b (12), an expansion joint b (13), and a working valve b (14).

5. The gravity dam-based stratified water intake system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The lower maintenance mechanism includes a trash rack c (15), which is located upstream of the lower water intake. The trash rack c (15) is connected to a funnel c (16) after the trash rack c (15). A maintenance gate c (17) is set at the tail of the funnel c (16). The maintenance gate c (17) is connected to the lower water intake pipe. A maintenance valve c (19), an expansion joint c (20), and a working valve c (21) are sequentially set on the lower water intake pipe.

6. The gravity dam-based stratified water intake system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The working valve a (8) is connected to the water supply pipe (22) located on the upper layer, and the water supply pipe (22) located on the upper layer extends downward; the working valve b (14) is connected to the water supply pipe (22) located on the middle layer, and the water supply pipe (22) located on the middle layer extends downward, and the water supply pipe (22) located on the middle layer is connected to the water supply pipe (22) located on the upper layer; the working valve c (21) is connected to the water supply pipe (22) located on the lower layer, and the water supply pipe (22) located on the lower layer is connected to the water supply pipe (22) located on the middle layer, and the water supply pipe (22) located on the lower layer extends to the outside of the dam body.

7. The gravity dam-based stratified water intake system according to claim 6, characterized in that, A gate opening and closing machine room (3) is set up on the top of the dam. A gate opening and closing machine (2) is set up inside the gate opening and closing machine room (3). The gate opening and closing machine (2) controls the maintenance gate (17) to open and close in the gate slot (18).

8. The gravity dam-based stratified water intake system according to claim 3, characterized in that, A vent pipe (9) is installed at the highest point of the upper water intake pipe, and the vent pipe (9) extends vertically upward to the outside of the dam body.

9. The gravity dam-based stratified water intake system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The trash racks a (4), b (10), and c (15) are all circular grid-type trash racks.

10. The gravity dam-based stratified water intake system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vertical shaft (1) is equipped with a zigzag ladder.

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