Seawater battery device

Abstract

The utility model discloses a seawater battery device which comprises a plurality of battery units which are connected in series, and each battery unit is independently arranged and is respectively provided with a seawater inlet and a seawater outlet. The battery unit comprises a shell unit, a positive pole plate and a negative pole plate, the positive pole plate and the negative pole plate are packaged in the shell unit, and an independent space defined by the positive pole plate, the negative pole plate and the shell unit serves as an electrolytic tank of the battery unit. The seawater entering the battery is only subjected to electrolytic reaction in the corresponding battery unit and does not flow to other battery units, so that the phenomenon of'current leakage 'between electrode plates of a traditional seawater battery caused by series connection of multiple groups of single battery units is effectively reduced, and the working performance and the use efficiency of the battery are improved. Meanwhile, the electrode plates are packaged in the shell, so that the effects of supporting the shell and separating the internal space of the shell can be achieved; and the shell adopts an assembled structure, so that the battery is simple and compact in design, and the voltage and discharge efficiency of the seawater battery can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of seawater battery technology, and specifically to a seawater battery device. Background Technology

[0002] Seawater batteries refer to a new type of chemical power source that uses seawater as an electrolyte for operation. They can be widely used in the power supply of various surface and underwater equipment. As the application technology of various underwater equipment becomes increasingly sophisticated, the demand for seawater batteries is also rapidly increasing.

[0003] Traditional seawater batteries typically consist of a single cell with positive and negative electrode plates connected in series and encapsulated in a sealed casing. Seawater enters the casing through inlet and outlet ports, flowing along the series connection of the cells to contact the positive and negative electrodes and initiate a discharge reaction. However, this design leads to several problems: the number of cells connected in series is limited; and due to the conductivity of seawater, leakage current is easily generated between the electrode materials of the cells, causing energy loss during discharge and resulting in low discharge efficiency. Consequently, it is difficult to meet the performance requirements of underwater equipment for the discharge capacity of seawater batteries.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to design a seawater battery device that can increase the number of individual cells, effectively suppress the "leakage current" phenomenon of traditional seawater batteries, reduce battery energy loss, and improve battery discharge efficiency. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a seawater battery device that effectively suppresses leakage current in traditional seawater batteries, effectively extends battery life, and improves battery discharge efficiency.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution.

[0007] A seawater battery device includes several battery units connected in series, each battery unit being independently configured and having a seawater inlet and outlet.

[0008] Preferably, the battery cell includes a housing unit, a positive electrode plate, and a negative electrode plate. The positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate are encapsulated in the housing unit, so that the independent space enclosed by the positive electrode plate, the negative electrode plate, and the housing unit serves as the electrolytic cell of the battery cell.

[0009] Preferably, the inner side of the housing unit is provided with an annular encapsulation groove for encapsulating the negative electrode plate or an annular encapsulation groove for encapsulating both the negative and positive electrode plates; the negative electrode plate can be inserted into the annular encapsulation groove inside the housing unit, which serves to support the housing unit and separate the internal space of the housing.

[0010] Preferably, the lower part of the shell unit is provided with at least one seawater inlet and the upper part is provided with a seawater outlet, and the seawater inlet and outlet are connected to the electrolytic cell; the seawater outlet also serves as a gas outlet and a slag outlet.

[0011] Preferably, the negative electrode plate is made of one of the following materials: magnesium, aluminum, magnesium alloy, and aluminum alloy.

[0012] Preferably, the positive electrode plate is formed by hot pressing and sintering an active chloride or peroxide with a current collector material. The active chloride is selected from one or more of lead chloride, cuprous chloride, and silver chloride. The peroxide is silver peroxide. The current collector material is selected from one of nickel mesh, copper mesh, and silver mesh.

[0013] Preferably, an insulating spacer is provided between the negative electrode plate and the positive electrode plate in each battery cell. The insulating spacer is made of any one of polyimide, rubber, or resin to prevent short circuits between the positive and negative electrode plates. An insulating material is provided on the outer surface of the negative electrode plate and the positive electrode plate. The insulating material is preferably insulating tape to prevent leakage between the electrode plates of different battery cells.

[0014] Preferably, the housing units of different battery cells are connected by an integrated connection or a detachable fixed connection; when an integrated connection is used, the housing unit adopts an assembled housing structure.

[0015] Preferably, the negative electrode plate of the battery cell is sequentially electrically connected to the positive electrode plate of the adjacent battery cell to realize the series connection of multiple battery cells. The preferred electrical connection method is conductor riveting or wire welding.

[0016] Preferably, within the battery cell, the thickness of the negative electrode plate is 0.2-1.5 mm, and the thickness of the positive electrode plate is 0.2-3 mm; the distance between the negative electrode plate and the positive electrode plate is 0.5-2 mm, preferably 1-2 mm; and the diameter of the seawater inlet and outlet is 1-5 mm.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, this utility model has the following advantages:

[0018] 1. The seawater battery device sets up multiple battery units connected in series independently. By setting water outlets and inlets on the battery casing and rationally arranging the water channels of the seawater battery, each battery unit can fully react. At the same time, it avoids seawater flowing into different battery units, which can effectively reduce the "leakage current" phenomenon between the electrode plates of traditional seawater batteries caused by multiple sets of individual battery units connected in series, improve battery discharge efficiency, and improve the overall performance and efficiency of the battery.

[0019] 2. Through a simple and compact structural design within a limited space, more individual battery cells can be arranged in series, which allows the seawater battery to maximize battery voltage and other performance within a limited space, while effectively extending battery life.

[0020] 3. The positive and negative battery plates can also support the battery casing, giving the modular battery casing better resistance to external water pressure when used underwater.

[0021] 4. The battery casing adopts a multi-piece casing splicing and packaging mode, which can effectively improve the convenience of installing the positive and negative electrodes of the battery, and at the same time, it can place more positive and negative electrode materials in a limited space. Attached Figure Description

[0022] The features and advantages of this utility model can be more clearly understood by referring to the accompanying drawings. The drawings are schematic and should not be construed as limiting the utility model in any way. In the drawings:

[0023] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of a seawater battery device is shown.

[0024] Figure 2 A disassembled view of the battery casing of a seawater battery device is shown;

[0025] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the internal battery series connection method of a seawater battery device is shown;

[0026] Figure 4 A discharge performance diagram of a seawater battery device is shown.

[0027] Wherein: 1-Right shell; 2-Lower shell; 3-Left shell; 4-Upper shell; 5-Negative electrode plate; 6-Positive electrode plate; 7-Insulating separator; 8-Outlet; 9-Inlet; 10-Conductive rivet. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The specific embodiments of this utility model will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit the scope of this utility model.

[0029] Please see Figure 1-3 This utility model provides a seawater battery device, comprising several battery units connected in series. Each battery unit is independently configured and has a seawater inlet and outlet. Independent configuration means that seawater entering each battery unit does not flow into other battery units; each battery unit forms an independent electrolysis zone, and the seawater undergoes electrolysis only within its corresponding battery unit.

[0030] The battery cell includes a casing unit, a positive electrode plate 6, and a negative electrode plate 5. The positive electrode plate 6 and the negative electrode plate 5 are encapsulated within the casing unit, forming an independent space that serves as the electrolytic cell for the battery cell. An insulating spacer 7 is provided between the negative electrode plate 5 and the positive electrode plate 6 within each battery cell. The insulating spacer 7 is made of any one of polyimide, rubber, or resin to prevent short circuits between the positive and negative electrodes. The outer surfaces of the negative electrode plate 5 and the positive electrode plate 6 are covered with an insulating material, preferably insulating tape, to prevent leakage current between the electrode plates of different battery cells. The outer surface refers to the side of the electrode plate facing outwards from the battery cell, while the inner surface refers to the side of the electrode plate facing inwards from the battery cell. The space between the inner surfaces of the negative electrode plate 5 and the positive electrode plate 6 forms the electrolytic cell.

[0031] The lower part of the shell unit has at least one seawater inlet 9, preferably two, and the upper part of the shell unit has a seawater outlet 8. The seawater inlet and outlet are connected to the electrolytic cell. The seawater outlet 8 also serves as an air outlet and a slag outlet (slag refers to solid corrosion products generated during electrolysis, such as Mg(OH)2 and Al(OH)3 particles). When the seawater battery device is not filled with seawater, the electrolytic cell is filled with air. When the seawater battery device is placed in seawater according to the structure shown in the figure (i.e., the inlet and outlet are located at the lower and upper parts of the shell respectively), the seawater first enters the electrolytic cell through the seawater inlet 9. At the same time, the air in the electrolytic cell is gradually discharged through the seawater outlet 8, and the seawater battery gradually starts to work, with the discharge efficiency rapidly increasing from zero. When the electrolytic cell is filled with seawater, the seawater battery has the highest working efficiency and the discharge efficiency reaches its maximum, and then enters a relatively stable working stage. After that, the negative electrode plate 5 is continuously consumed, and the discharge efficiency gradually decreases until it reaches zero. Waste gas or residue generated during electrolysis can also be discharged from the seawater outlet 8 along with the seawater.

[0032] Please see Figure 3Each battery cell has a negative electrode plate 5 and a positive electrode plate 6, meaning each battery cell has a positive electrode surface and a negative electrode surface. The surfaces of both the positive and negative electrode surfaces are covered with insulating material. The negative electrode plate 5 of one battery cell is sequentially connected to the positive electrode plate 6 of the adjacent battery cell. The insulating materials on the positive and negative electrode surfaces of different battery cells are in contact with each other. The electrical connection method can be conductor riveting or wire welding. This makes it difficult for seawater in any electrolytic cell to flow into adjacent electrolytic cells, thus achieving both series connection of multiple battery cells and separation between different battery cells. Sequential electrical connection means that, assuming the battery cells are arranged in the order of 1, 2, 3, ..., n, and the positive electrode surface of the first battery cell faces outwards and the negative electrode surface of the nth battery cell faces outwards, then the negative electrode plate 5 of the first battery cell is connected to the positive electrode plate 6 of the second battery cell, the negative electrode plate 5 of the second battery cell is connected to the positive electrode plate 6 of the third battery cell, and so on.

[0033] Within each battery cell, the inner side of the housing cell is provided with an annular encapsulation groove for encapsulating the negative electrode plate 5 or an annular encapsulation groove for encapsulating the negative electrode plate 5 and the positive electrode plate 6. The negative electrode plate 5 (including the insulating material on its surface) or the negative electrode plate 5 and the positive electrode plate 6 (including the insulating material on their surfaces) can be inserted into the annular encapsulation groove inside the housing cell to support the housing and separate the internal space of the housing.

[0034] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 2 The housing units of different battery cells are connected in an integrated manner. When using an integrated connection, the housing unit is preferably a modular housing structure, and it is best to assemble it into 2-4 sub-housing units. Taking the assembly of 4 sub-housing units as an example, the housing unit is divided into right housing 1, lower housing 2, left housing 3, and upper housing 4. The right housing 1 of different battery cells is integrated to form the right housing 1 of the entire seawater battery device. Similarly, the upper housing 4 of different battery cells is integrated to form the upper housing 4 of the entire seawater battery device. After the right housing 1, lower housing 2, left housing 3, and upper housing 4 are assembled, the complete housing device of the seawater battery device can be formed.

[0035] When the housing units are integrated, i.e., multiple battery units are assembled as a single unit, the annular encapsulation groove inside the housing unit can be used to encapsulate the negative electrode plate 5, or to encapsulate both the negative electrode plate 5 and the positive electrode plate 6 together. Although the performance of the seawater battery device is almost identical for both methods, the positive electrode plate 6 located within the annular encapsulation groove has difficulty participating in the electrolytic reaction, resulting in a small waste of the positive electrode plate 6. In this case, the former method is preferable. When only the negative electrode plate 5 is encapsulated, it is best to use conductive rivets 10 to rivet the negative electrode plate 5 to the positive electrode plate 6 of adjacent different battery units to ensure stable installation of the positive electrode plate 6. In this case, the independent battery units can be separated solely by the negative electrode plate 5. When encapsulating both the negative electrode plate 5 and the positive electrode plate 6, a wire connection can also be used.

[0036] In some embodiments, the housing units of different battery cells are detachably fixedly connected. For example, multiple long bolts can be used to fix the housing units of different battery cells through them, or the housing units of different battery cells can be snapped together. The specific detachable fixed connection method is prior art and will not be described in detail here.

[0037] When the housing units are detachably fixedly connected, meaning each battery unit is installed independently, each battery unit needs a stable structure. This requires an annular encapsulation groove within each housing unit for encapsulating the negative electrode plate 5 and the positive electrode plate 6 respectively. Although this results in a small waste of the positive electrode plate 6, the battery unit remains stable, and the seawater battery device exhibits good performance. In this case, the encapsulation width of the positive electrode plate 6 can be minimized to reduce waste. Ideally, conductive rivets 10 should be installed on the negative electrode plate 5 to weld it to the positive electrode plate 6 of adjacent different battery units. The installation efficiency of an integrated connection and modular housing structure is higher than that of a detachable fixed connection between different battery units.

[0038] Please see Figure 3The negative electrode plate 5 is made of one of the following materials: metallic magnesium, metallic aluminum, magnesium alloy, or aluminum alloy. The positive electrode plate 6 is formed by hot-pressing and sintering an active chloride or peroxide with a current collector. The active chloride is selected from one or more of lead chloride, cuprous chloride, and silver chloride, the peroxide is silver peroxide, and the current collector is selected from one of nickel mesh, copper mesh, or silver mesh. Taking an aluminum-silver peroxide battery as an example, the negative electrode plate 5 is made of metallic aluminum, and the positive electrode plate 6 is formed by hot-pressing and sintering silver perchlorate with a current collector. However, an oxide film easily forms on the aluminum surface, hindering the electrolytic reaction. Therefore, a certain amount of NaOH or KOH solid blocks or solid particles can be pre-stored in the electrolytic cell to ensure the discharge efficiency of the seawater battery device. The specific selection of positive and negative electrode materials is not the focus of this utility model improvement. The materials can refer to existing technologies. When certain specific positive and negative electrode materials are used, targeted measures can also be taken according to existing technologies to ensure the working performance of the seawater battery device, which will not be elaborated here.

[0039] Within the battery cell, the thickness of the negative electrode plate is 0.2-1.5 mm, and the thickness of the positive electrode plate is 0.2-3 mm; the distance between the negative and positive electrode plates is 0.5-2 mm, preferably 1-2 mm; the diameter of the seawater inlet and outlet is 1-5 mm. The diameter of the seawater inlet and outlet should generally not be less than the distance between the negative and positive electrode plates, and not greater than the length of the battery cell, so that seawater can flow quickly into the electrolytic cell and be effectively discharged. If the outlet diameter is too small, it is easy for the outlet to be blocked by solid corrosion products. Specific Implementation Example 1:

[0041] Please see Figure 1-4 This embodiment provides a seawater battery device. The battery casing is composed of four integrated casing modules with multiple grooves: an upper casing 4, a lower casing 2, a left casing 3, and a right casing 1, which are spliced ​​together to form corresponding annular encapsulation grooves inside. The casing is composed of a corresponding number of individual battery cells arranged in series. The positive electrode plate 6 and the negative electrode plate 5 of the individual battery cells form a space between them to serve as an electrolytic cell. The space is supported by insulating spacers 7 to ensure that there is no short circuit between the positive and negative electrodes. The negative electrode plate of the individual battery cell can be inserted into the annular encapsulation groove of the casing to separate two adjacent spacers.

[0042] The lower part of the left shell 3 and the right shell 1 are each provided with a seawater inlet 9, and the top of the right shell 1 is provided with a seawater outlet 8, which also serves as an exhaust outlet and a slag outlet. The size of the inlet 9 and the outlet 8 is 2mm.

[0043] The negative electrode plate of the seawater battery device is made of magnesium alloy sheet with a thickness of 1.2 mm. The positive electrode plate of the seawater battery device is made of lead chloride and nickel mesh hot-pressed and sintered, with a thickness of 2 mm. The distance between the negative electrode plate 5 and the positive electrode plate 6 is 1 mm.

[0044] There are a total of 14 individual battery cells connected in series. The individual battery cells are connected in series by using copper rivets to rivet the negative electrode plate 5 of the first individual battery cell to the positive electrode plate 6 of the second individual battery cell. The remaining parts are separated by insulating tape. The positive and negative electrode plates of the individual battery cell are separated by resin insulating spacers to prevent short circuits between the positive and negative electrodes.

[0045] The seawater battery device with the above structure was immersed in a brine solution with a salinity of 2% and a temperature of (20±2)℃ at a normal temperature of (20±2)℃, and the current density reached 500mA / cm². 2 A constant current discharge test was performed under these conditions, and the test results are as follows: Figure 4 As shown, the average discharge voltage of the battery can reach over 18V, and the battery discharge time at a termination voltage of over 15V reaches 10 hours and 29 minutes.

[0046] Compared to traditional seawater batteries of the same size, the seawater battery device in this embodiment has a discharge efficiency that is more than 20% longer than that of ordinary batteries, and a discharge efficiency that is more than 25% higher, thus improving overall performance and efficiency.

[0047] The above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clarity and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all embodiments here. However, any variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A seawater battery device, comprising a plurality of battery cells connected in series, characterized in that: Each of the battery cells is independently configured and has a seawater inlet and outlet.

2. The seawater battery device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery unit includes a housing unit, a positive electrode plate, and a negative electrode plate. The positive electrode plate and the negative electrode plate are encapsulated in the housing unit, so that the independent space enclosed by the positive electrode plate, the negative electrode plate, and the housing unit serves as the electrolytic cell of the battery unit.

3. The seawater battery device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inner side of the housing unit is provided with an annular encapsulation groove for encapsulating the negative electrode plate or an annular encapsulation groove for encapsulating both the negative and positive electrode plates.

4. The seawater battery device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The shell unit has at least one seawater inlet at the bottom and a seawater outlet at the top, and the seawater inlet and outlet are connected to the electrolytic cell.

5. The seawater battery device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The negative electrode plate is made of one of the following materials: magnesium, aluminum, magnesium alloy, or aluminum alloy.

6. The seawater battery device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The positive electrode plate is formed by hot pressing and sintering an active chloride or peroxide with a current collector material. The active chloride is selected from lead chloride, cuprous chloride, and silver chloride. The peroxide is silver peroxide. The current collector material is selected from nickel mesh, copper mesh, and silver mesh.

7. The seawater battery device according to claim 2, characterized in that: Insulating spacers are provided between the negative electrode plate and the positive electrode plate in each battery cell; insulating material is provided on the outer surfaces of the negative electrode plate and the positive electrode plate.

8. The seawater battery device according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that: The housing units of different battery cells are connected by an integrated connection or a detachable fixed connection; when an integrated connection is used, the housing unit adopts an assembled housing structure.

9. The seawater battery device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The negative electrode plate of the battery cell is sequentially electrically connected to the positive electrode plate of the adjacent battery cell.

10. The seawater battery device according to claim 9, characterized in that: Within the battery unit, the thickness of the negative electrode plate is 0.2-1.5mm, and the thickness of the positive electrode plate is 0.2-3mm; the distance between the negative electrode plate and the positive electrode plate is 0.5-2mm; and the diameter of the seawater inlet and outlet is 1-5mm.

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