Treatment system for preparing RDF (Refuse Derived Fuel) from household garbage and solid wastes

Abstract

The embodiment of the utility model provides a treatment system for preparing RDF fuel from household garbage and solid waste. The treatment system comprises a garbage storage pool, first crushing equipment, screening equipment, magnetic separation equipment, winnowing equipment, a fuel bin and odor treatment equipment. The garbage storage pool is used for storing household garbage and solid waste; wherein the odor treatment equipment is used for carrying out deodorization treatment on generated odor; the first crushing equipment is used for crushing household garbage and solid waste in the garbage storage pool; the screening equipment is used for screening the crushed garbage materials; the magnetic separation equipment is used for carrying out magnetic separation treatment on the screened materials; the winnowing equipment is used for carrying out winnowing treatment on the materials subjected to magnetic separation treatment; and the fuel bin is used for storing the materials subjected to magnetic separation and / or air separation as RDF fuel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The embodiments disclosed herein belong to the field of waste treatment technology, specifically relating to a treatment system for preparing RDF fuel from municipal solid waste and solid waste. Background Technology

[0002] Solid waste refers to solid, semi-solid, and gaseous items and substances placed in containers that are generated in production, daily life, and other activities and have lost their original utilization value or have been discarded or abandoned even if they have not lost their utilization value, as well as items and substances that are included in the management of solid waste as stipulated by laws and administrative regulations.

[0003] Incineration produces many harmful gases, the increased food waste content in municipal solid waste leads to higher water content, and the combustion of waste requires a large amount of energy, resulting in the waste of recyclable resources, among other adverse effects. The treatment of municipal solid waste must take into account my country's national conditions and adhere to the principles of "reduction, harmlessness, and resource recovery." Given the high organic content and significant recycling value of municipal solid waste, "resource recovery" is imperative.

[0004] Urban solid waste and household waste contain enormous resource potential. In my country, apart from kitchen waste and inorganic materials such as bricks and soil, paper, plastics, rubber, cloth, wood and bamboo, glass, and metals are all recyclable solid waste. In most cities, 30%-40% of solid waste and household waste can be recycled.

[0005] In order to better achieve sustainable development, environmental protection efforts have been continuously strengthened, and the efficient treatment of urban solid waste and domestic waste has become increasingly urgent. At the same time, the requirements for waste harmless treatment and resource utilization technologies are also higher. Utility Model Content

[0006] The embodiments disclosed herein aim to at least address one of the technical problems existing in the prior art, and provide a processing system for preparing RDF fuel from municipal solid waste and solid waste.

[0007] One aspect of the embodiments of this disclosure provides a processing system for preparing RDF fuel from municipal solid waste and solid waste. The processing system includes a waste storage tank, a first crushing device, a screening device, a magnetic separation device, an air separation device, a fuel storage tank, and an odor treatment device. The waste storage tank is used to store municipal solid waste and solid waste.

[0008] The odor treatment equipment is used to deodorize the generated odor; the first crushing equipment is used to crush the domestic waste and solid waste in the waste storage pool; the screening equipment is used to screen the crushed waste material; the magnetic separation equipment is used to magnetically separate the screened material; the air separation equipment is used to air separate the magnetically separated material; and the fuel bin is used to store the magnetically separated and / or air-separated material as RDF fuel.

[0009] Optionally, the odor treatment equipment includes a spray device and a sealed air curtain device corresponding to the waste storage pool;

[0010] The spraying device is used to spray and deodorize the odor and dust generated in the unloading and storage area of ​​the waste storage pool; the sealing air curtain device is used to form an airflow barrier in the unloading and storage area of ​​the waste storage pool to prevent the odor from overflowing.

[0011] Optionally, the odor treatment equipment further includes an exhaust device located in the unloading and storage area of ​​the waste storage pool, for collecting and conveying the generated odor to the spray device.

[0012] Optionally, the exhaust device includes a gas collection hood and a centrifugal fan. The gas collection hood is located in the unloading and storage area of ​​the waste storage pool and is used to collect odors and dust. The centrifugal fan is located at the gas collection port of the gas collection hood and is used to transport odors and dust to the spray device.

[0013] Furthermore, it also includes: a leachate collection system, installed in the waste storage pool, the leachate collection system being used to collect the leachate in the waste storage pool and transport it to the leachate treatment station.

[0014] Optionally, the leachate collection system includes a bar screen, a leachate tank, and a leachate pump; wherein, the landfill leachate flows through the bar screen into the leachate tank, and is pumped to the leachate treatment station by the leachate pump connected to the leachate tank.

[0015] Optionally, the screen aperture size of the screening equipment is 20mm-80mm, used to screen out materials with a crushed size of 20mm-80mm.

[0016] Optionally, the magnetic separation equipment includes a first magnetic separator, a second magnetic separator, and a third magnetic separator; the air separation equipment includes a first air separator and a second air separator; the first air separator is configured correspondingly to the first magnetic separator, and the second air separator is configured correspondingly to the second magnetic separator;

[0017] The first magnetic separator is used to perform magnetic separation on materials with a crushed size of 80mm or more, and the first air separator is used to perform air separation on the materials after magnetic separation.

[0018] The second magnetic separator is used to perform magnetic separation on materials with a crushed size between 20mm and 80mm, and the second air separator is used to process the materials after magnetic separation.

[0019] The third magnetic separator is used to perform magnetic separation on materials with a crushed size of less than 20mm, and the magnetically separated materials are stored in the fuel bin.

[0020] Furthermore, it also includes: a second crushing device and a third crushing device, wherein the second crushing device is configured corresponding to the first air classifier, and the third crushing device is configured corresponding to the second air classifier;

[0021] The second crushing device is used to crush the light materials in the material separated by the first air separator, and the third crushing device is used to crush the heavy materials in the material separated by the second air separator.

[0022] Furthermore, it also includes: a temporary storage bin and a drying device; the temporary storage bin is used to store the material separated by the third magnetic separator and the material after being crushed by the third crushing device; the drying device is located between the temporary storage bin and the fuel bin and is used to dry the material transferred from the temporary storage bin to the fuel bin.

[0023] The beneficial effects of the embodiments of this disclosure include:

[0024] The waste and solid waste treatment system disclosed herein can reduce odor pollution to the environment during waste treatment and achieve harmless treatment of waste. In addition, through multi-stage screening using screening equipment, magnetic separation equipment, and air separation equipment, not only can RDF fuel be prepared from waste and solid waste, but metal materials can also be screened out, thereby improving the utilization rate of waste. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic block diagram of a processing system for preparing RDF fuel from municipal solid waste according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic block diagram of a processing system for preparing RDF fuel from municipal solid waste according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0027] Figure 3This is a schematic block diagram of a waste treatment process for a system that uses municipal solid waste and solid waste to produce RDF fuel, which is another embodiment of this disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0028] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions of this disclosure, the disclosure will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0029] The embodiments of this application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The detailed descriptions and accompanying drawings of the following embodiments are used to exemplarily illustrate the principles of this application, but should not be used to limit the scope of this application; that is, this application is not limited to the described embodiments. In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more; the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "inner," "outer," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. "Vertical" is not strictly vertical, but within the allowable error range. "Parallel" is not strictly parallel, but within the allowable error range.

[0030] In the description of this application, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application depending on the specific circumstances.

[0031] RDF fuel, short for Refuse Derived Fuel, is a type of fuel produced by crushing, sorting, drying, adding chemicals, and compressing combustible waste. This fuel boasts numerous advantages, including high calorific value, stable combustion, ease of transportation and storage, and environmental friendliness, making it widely applicable.

[0032] like Figure 1 As shown, a processing system for preparing RDF fuel from municipal solid waste and solid waste is disclosed. The processing system includes a waste storage pool, a first crushing device, a screening device, a magnetic separation device, an air separation device, a fuel bin, and an odor treatment device. The waste storage pool is used to store municipal solid waste and solid waste.

[0033] Among them, the odor treatment equipment is used to deodorize the generated odor; the first crushing equipment is used to crush the domestic waste and solid waste in the garbage storage pool; the screening equipment is used to screen the crushed garbage material; the magnetic separation equipment is used to magnetically separate the screened material; the air separation equipment is used to air separate the magnetically separated material; and the fuel bin is used to store the magnetically separated and / or air-separated material as RDF fuel.

[0034] The waste and solid waste treatment system disclosed herein can reduce odor pollution to the environment during waste treatment and achieve harmless treatment of waste. In addition, through multi-stage screening using screening equipment, magnetic separation equipment, and air separation equipment, not only can RDF fuel be prepared from waste and solid waste, but metal materials can also be screened out, thereby improving the utilization rate of waste.

[0035] In some embodiments, the odor control equipment includes a spray device and a sealed air curtain device corresponding to the waste storage pool. The spray device is used to spray and suppress dust and deodorize the odors and dust generated in the unloading and storage area of ​​the waste storage pool, and the sealed air curtain device is used to form an airflow barrier in the unloading and storage area of ​​the waste storage pool to prevent odors from escaping.

[0036] In some embodiments, the odor treatment equipment also includes an exhaust device located in the unloading and storage area of ​​the waste storage pool, for collecting and conveying the generated odor to a spray device.

[0037] In some embodiments, the exhaust system includes a fume hood and a centrifugal fan. The fume hood is located in the unloading and storage area of ​​the waste storage pool to collect odors and dust. The centrifugal fan is located at the fume collection port of the fume hood to convey the odors and dust to a spraying device.

[0038] In some embodiments, the treatment system further includes a leachate collection system located in the waste storage tank. The leachate collection system is used to collect the leachate in the waste storage tank and transport it to a leachate treatment station.

[0039] refer to Figure 2 In some embodiments, the leachate collection system includes a bar screen, a leachate tank, and a leachate pump, wherein the landfill leachate flows through the bar screen into the leachate tank and is pumped to the leachate treatment station by the leachate pump connected to the leachate tank.

[0040] In some embodiments, the screening equipment has a screen aperture size of 20mm-80mm, used to screen out materials with a crushed size of 20mm-80mm. In some embodiments, the screening equipment is a double-stage multi-angle disc screen.

[0041] In some embodiments, the magnetic separation equipment includes a first magnetic separator, a second magnetic separator, and a third magnetic separator. The air separation equipment includes a first air separator and a second air separator. The first air separator is configured corresponding to the first magnetic separator, and the second air separator is configured corresponding to the second magnetic separator.

[0042] The system comprises three magnetic separators: a first magnetic separator for materials with a crushed size of 80mm or larger, and a first air separator for processing the magnetically separated material. A second magnetic separator for materials with a crushed size between 20mm and 80mm, and a second air separator for processing the magnetically separated material. A third magnetic separator for materials with a crushed size of less than 20mm, and the separated material is stored in the fuel bin.

[0043] In some embodiments, the processing system further includes a second crushing device and a third crushing device, with the second crushing device corresponding to the first air classifier and the third crushing device corresponding to the second air classifier. The second crushing device is used to crush the light materials in the material separated by the first air classifier, and the third crushing device is used to crush the heavy materials in the material separated by the second air classifier.

[0044] In some embodiments, the first crushing device is a coarse crusher, and the second and third crushing devices are both fine crushers.

[0045] In some embodiments, the processing system further includes a temporary storage bin and a drying device. The temporary storage bin is used to store the material separated by the third magnetic separator and the material after being crushed by the third crushing device. The drying device is located between the temporary storage bin and the fuel bin and is used to dry the material transferred from the temporary storage bin to the fuel bin.

[0046] like Figure 3 As shown, this disclosure provides an embodiment, including: garbage (including domestic waste and solid waste) transported by garbage trucks passes through a component sampling inspection, a weighbridge, and an unloading platform in sequence, and is then put into a garbage storage pool. The garbage in the garbage storage pool is grabbed by a grab bucket and sent to a coarse crusher for crushing. A two-stage multi-angle disc screen is used to screen the material obtained from the coarse crusher to separate the crushed material with a crushed size of 20mm-80mm.

[0047] The first magnetic separator is used to magnetically separate materials from the 80mm screen, and the separated metals are stored in a metal material silo. The first air separator performs air separation on the magnetically separated materials, separating heavy and light materials. The heavy materials, including bricks, tiles, and ceramics, are manually sorted and sent to landfill silos. The fine crusher crushes the light materials, and the crushed material is stored in a fuel silo as RDF fuel.

[0048] Furthermore, the fine crusher corresponding to the second air separator further crushes the organic matter and plastic bottles that were manually sorted out, and stores the crushed materials in a temporary storage bin.

[0049] The second magnetic separator is used to perform magnetic separation on materials between 20mm and 80mm in size. The separated metals are stored in a metal material silo. The second air separator performs air separation on the magnetically separated materials, separating heavy and light materials. The heavy materials are crushed by a fine crusher corresponding to the second air separator, and the crushed materials are stored in a temporary storage silo. The light materials are stored in a fuel silo as RDF fuel.

[0050] The third magnetic separator is used to perform magnetic separation on the 20mm screen material. The magnetically separated metal is stored in the metal material bin, and the remaining material is stored in the temporary storage bin. The material in the temporary storage bin is then stored in the fuel bin after being treated by leachate treatment, odor treatment and drying equipment.

[0051] The waste and solid waste treatment system disclosed herein reduces environmental pollution from odors and leachate during waste treatment. Furthermore, through multi-stage screening using a multi-panel screen, magnetic separator, and air separator, not only can RDF fuel be produced from waste and solid waste, but metallic materials and landfill materials can also be screened out, thus improving the utilization rate of waste.

[0052] This disclosure provides a processing system for preparing RDF fuel from municipal solid waste and solid waste. The system utilizes waste crushing, screening, magnetic separation, air separation, and waste drying technologies to efficiently separate valuable metals. Lightweight plastics, paper, and low-moisture organic matter can be used as raw materials for incinerators or gasifiers, while heavy materials such as bricks, tiles, and ceramics are collected and transported out for use as landfill materials.

[0053] Another specific example provided in this disclosure is a method for preparing RDF fuel from municipal solid waste and solid waste, the method comprising the following four parts:

[0054] 1. Waste feeding;

[0055] 2. Waste sorting;

[0056] 3. Odor control;

[0057] 4. Permeate treatment.

[0058] (1) Waste feeding, as detailed below:

[0059] Random checks are conducted on the composition of waste to prevent industrial and medical waste from entering the treatment system. An inspection platform is set up beside the road in front of the weighbridge entrance, equipped with dedicated personnel and necessary tools and instruments. Vehicle inspection signs are displayed in front of the inspection platform; if inspectors deem a waste truck suspicious, they can direct it to a designated parking area within the inspection zone for inspection.

[0060] Waste (household waste and solid waste) that meets the requirements for entering the waste sorting plant is weighed by garbage trucks on a weighbridge. The trucks then unload the waste into a waste storage pit on the unloading platform. The waste undergoes initial drainage in the storage pit, and the leachate enters the leachate collection system. Odors and dust are directed to odor treatment equipment by an exhaust system. The waste storage pit is also equipped with a spray system to suppress odors and dust, preventing environmental pollution. The waste in the storage pit is then fed to the feed inlet of a primary crusher via a crane grab bucket, where it undergoes initial bag breaking and crushing.

[0061] (2) Waste sorting, as detailed below:

[0062] Waste coarsely crushed (250mm size) by a primary crusher is conveyed by a conveyor belt to a two-stage multi-angle disc screen (20mm and 80mm aperture sizes) for screening. The material on the 80mm screen is first separated for metals by a first magnetic separator, then separated into light and heavy materials by a positive pressure rotary air separator (first air separator). The light materials are further finely crushed (80mm size) by a fine crusher and sent to the fuel bin, where they can be used directly as fuel for the incinerator or feedstock for the gasifier. The heavy materials are conveyed to a manual sorting platform for sorting, separating out large pieces of bricks, ceramics, glass bottles, etc., which can be transported out of the plant for landfill. The remaining materials are crushed by the fine crusher corresponding to the second air separator and stored in a temporary storage bin. The materials in the temporary storage bin are then dried and sent to the fuel bin as fuel.

[0063] The material under the screen, which is less than 20mm, is mainly small pieces of kitchen waste and sand. After the metal is picked out by the third magnetic separator, it goes directly into the temporary storage bin. It is then dried by the drying equipment to reduce the moisture content and is transported to the fuel bin. It can also be used as raw material for the gasifier.

[0064] Material undersized (20mm-80mm) is separated into light and heavy materials by a second magnetic separator and a positive pressure rotary air separator (second air separator). The light materials are conveyed to the fuel bin (sharing the fine crusher's discharge belt with the light material from the 80mm oversize screen after fine crushing), and can be used directly as fuel for the incinerator or feedstock for the gasifier. The heavy materials, along with the remaining 80mm oversize material after manual sorting, are first finely crushed (30mm-60mm) using the fine crusher corresponding to the second air separator, then conveyed to a temporary storage bin. Subsequently, they are dehydrated and dried using drying equipment, and then conveyed to the fuel bin, where they can be used as fuel for the incinerator or feedstock for the gasifier. An additional magnetic separation step can be added before fine crushing to ensure the normal operation of the fine crusher and subsequent drying equipment.

[0065] (3) Odor treatment, as detailed below:

[0066] Exhaust devices are installed at locations where odors are generated during the waste sorting process to directly extract the odors and send them to odor treatment equipment.

[0067] Spraying devices are installed in the unloading and storage areas of the waste storage pool to first spray and reduce dust and deodorize the odors and dust generated during the waste unloading and storage process, and sealed air curtain devices are installed to prevent odors from escaping.

[0068] Exhaust devices are installed at the odor emission points in the sorting workshop, and gas collection hoods are set up at key odor emission points. The gas collection ports are transported to the odor treatment equipment by dust removal centrifugal fans for treatment, and the emissions meet the national emission standards.

[0069] (4) Permeate treatment

[0070] The waste storage pit is equipped with a leachate collection system. The bottom of the storage pit has a slope of no less than 2% in the width direction and at both ends, sloping towards the waste gate. The side walls of the storage pit are equipped with grates, allowing the leachate to flow through the grates into the leachate ditch, and then into the leachate tank. The leachate in the leachate tank is pumped out and sent to the on-site leachate treatment station for treatment. After treatment at the on-site treatment station, the leachate meets national water quality standards before being discharged or reused.

[0071] It is understood that the above embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments used to illustrate the principles of this disclosure, and this disclosure is not limited thereto. For those skilled in the art, various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the spirit and substance of this disclosure, and these modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A processing system for producing RDF fuel from municipal solid waste and solid waste, characterized in that, The processing system includes a waste storage pool, a first crushing device, a screening device, a magnetic separator, an air separator, a fuel bin, and an odor treatment device; the waste storage pool is used to store domestic waste and solid waste. The odor treatment equipment is used to deodorize the generated odor; the first crushing equipment is used to crush the domestic waste and solid waste in the waste storage pool; the screening equipment is used to screen the crushed waste material; the magnetic separation equipment is used to perform magnetic separation on the screened material; the air separation equipment is used to perform air separation on the magnetically separated material; and the fuel bin is used to store the material separated by magnetic separation and / or air separation as RDF fuel. The odor treatment equipment includes a spray device and a sealed air curtain device installed corresponding to the garbage storage pool; The spraying device is used to spray and reduce dust and odor generated in the unloading and storage area of ​​the waste storage pool; the sealing air curtain device is used to form an airflow barrier in the unloading and storage area of ​​the waste storage pool to prevent odor from escaping. It also includes: a leachate collection system, installed in the waste storage tank, the leachate collection system being used to collect the leachate in the waste storage tank and transport it to the leachate treatment station; The screening equipment has a screen aperture size of 20mm-80mm and is used to screen out materials with a crushed size of 20mm-80mm. The magnetic separation equipment includes a first magnetic separator, a second magnetic separator, and a third magnetic separator; the air separation equipment includes a first air separator and a second air separator; the first air separator is configured corresponding to the first magnetic separator, and the second air separator is configured corresponding to the second magnetic separator; The first magnetic separator is used to perform magnetic separation on materials with a crushed size of 80mm or more, and the first air separator is used to perform air separation on the magnetically separated materials; wherein, light materials are crushed and the crushed materials are stored in the fuel bin as RDF fuel; The second magnetic separator is used to perform magnetic separation on materials with a crushed size between 20mm and 80mm, and the second air separator is used to process the materials after magnetic separation; wherein, the light materials separated by the second air separator are stored in the fuel bin as RDF fuel; The third magnetic separator is used to perform magnetic separation on materials with a crushed size of less than 20mm, and the magnetically separated materials are stored in the fuel bin; wherein, the magnetically separated metal is stored in the metal material bin, the remaining material is stored in the temporary storage bin, and the material in the temporary storage bin is stored in the fuel bin after being successively treated by leachate treatment, odor treatment and drying equipment. It also includes: a second crushing device and a third crushing device, wherein the second crushing device is configured corresponding to the first air classifier, and the third crushing device is configured corresponding to the second air classifier; The second crushing device is used to crush the light materials in the material separated by the first air separator, and the third crushing device is used to crush the heavy materials in the material separated by the second air separator. It also includes: a temporary storage bin and a drying device; the temporary storage bin is used to store the material separated by the third magnetic separator and the material after being crushed by the third crushing device; the drying device is located between the temporary storage bin and the fuel bin and is used to dry the material transferred from the temporary storage bin to the fuel bin.

2. The processing system for preparing RDF fuel from municipal solid waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The odor treatment equipment also includes an exhaust device, which is located in the unloading and storage area of ​​the waste storage pool and is used to collect and transport the generated odor to the spray device.

3. The processing system for preparing RDF fuel from municipal solid waste according to claim 2, characterized in that, The exhaust device includes a gas collection hood and a centrifugal fan. The gas collection hood is located in the unloading and storage area of ​​the waste storage pool and is used to collect odors and dust. The centrifugal fan is located at the gas collection port of the gas collection hood and is used to transport odors and dust to the spray device.

4. The processing system for preparing RDF fuel from municipal solid waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The leachate collection system includes a bar screen, a leachate tank, and a leachate pump; wherein, the landfill leachate flows through the bar screen into the leachate tank, and is pumped to the leachate treatment station by the leachate pump connected to the leachate tank.

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