A microbial degradation-based agricultural waste composting fermentation device

Abstract

The utility model relates to agricultural environmental protection equipment technical field, and the utility model discloses a kind of agricultural waste compost fermentation device based on microbial degradation, the both sides of conveying mesh belt are uniformly set with transmission wheel, transmission wheel is rotated and is connected with the front and rear two side walls of fermentation box by shaft rod;Driving gear is correspondingly sleeved and fixed on the shaft rod of the end of several transmission wheels in one side, and the shaft rod of one end of one transmission wheel is fixed with driving motor;After meshing, meshing is set between two adjacent driving gears;Blocking mechanism is set with conveying mesh belt and is in contact;Discharge hopper is through and fixedly arranged on the lower side of fermentation box, the four corners of the outer peripheral wall of discharge hopper are connected with supporting leg, the upper end of discharge pipe is through and fixedly connected with discharge hopper;The outlet end of pumping unit is through pipeline and is through with discharge hopper;Through multilayer staggered conveying mesh belt, material is evenly laid, cooperate forced ventilation system, significantly improve microbial degradation efficiency, shorten compost period, simple structure and low operating cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the technical field, specifically to an agricultural waste composting and fermentation device based on microbial degradation. Background Technology

[0002] Composting of agricultural waste (such as straw, livestock and poultry manure, and fruit and vegetable residues) is a crucial part of the agricultural circular economy. Currently, common composting methods include static composting, trough composting, and turner composting. However, these methods generally suffer from uneven ventilation, insufficient material mixing, and low fermentation efficiency. Traditional composting equipment often uses a fixed structure, making it difficult to achieve uniform turning of the accumulated materials, resulting in low microbial degradation efficiency and prolonged composting cycles. Utility Model Content

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings and deficiencies of existing technologies by providing a reasonably designed and easy-to-use agricultural waste composting and fermentation device based on microbial degradation, which can effectively solve the aforementioned defects in existing technologies.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model adopts the following technical solution: it includes a fermentation tank, support legs, a feed pipe, and a discharge pipe. Support legs are provided at the four corners of the bottom wall of the fermentation tank. A feed pipe is inserted into and fixed to the top wall of the fermentation tank, and a discharge pipe is provided on the bottom wall of the fermentation tank. It also includes:

[0005] The conveyor belts are of several kinds and are equally spaced from top to bottom inside the fermentation box. The conveyor belts are arranged in an alternating manner. Drive wheels are installed on both sides of the conveyor belts and are screwed to the front and rear side walls of the fermentation box through shafts.

[0006] The drive gears are a plurality of each other and are fitted and fixed one by one on the shaft at one end of a plurality of transmission wheels on one side. The drive gears are located inside the side wall of the fermentation tank, and a drive motor is fixed on the shaft at one end of one of the transmission wheels.

[0007] The linkage gear consists of several gears, which mesh in pairs and are located between two adjacent drive gears. The linkage gears are screwed into the side wall of the fermentation tank via bearings.

[0008] A sealing mechanism is installed inside the fermentation chamber and is configured to cooperate with and resist the conveyor belt.

[0009] The discharge hopper is installed and fixedly disposed on the lower side of the fermentation box. The four corners of the outer peripheral wall of the discharge hopper are connected to the support legs. The upper end of the discharge pipe is connected and fixedly disposed to the discharge hopper.

[0010] The pump is fixed on the outer wall of one side of the fermentation tank, and the air outlet of the pump is connected to the discharge hopper through a pipe.

[0011] Through the above technical solution, waste material enters the fermentation tank through the feed pipe. The drive motor is started, which drives the connected transmission wheel to rotate. The drive gear on the transmission wheel, in cooperation with the meshing linkage gear, drives the adjacent drive gear to rotate, thereby causing the transmission wheel connected to the drive gear to rotate. This process continues, causing several transmission wheels to rotate. With the cooperation of the drive gear and the linkage gear, the upper and lower adjacent transmission wheels rotate in opposite directions, which in turn causes the conveyor belt to rotate in opposite directions, spreading the waste material evenly on the conveyor belt. After spreading, the gap between the conveyor belt and the inner wall of the fermentation tank is blocked by a sealing mechanism. When ventilation needs to be improved, the pump is started to draw outside air into the fermentation tank, thereby improving ventilation. When discharge is needed, the sealing mechanism is opened, and the drive motor is started again, causing the conveyor belt to carry the waste material into the discharge hopper, and then discharged through the discharge pipe.

[0012] As a further improvement of this utility model, a discharge pipe is sleeved and fixed on the bottom end of the discharge pipe, and a spiral conveying rod is provided inside the discharge pipe. One end of the spiral conveying rod passes through the end wall of the discharge pipe through a bearing and is fixed with a discharge motor. The discharge motor is fixed on the outer end wall of the discharge pipe.

[0013] With the above technical solution, during discharge, the material enters the discharge pipe through the discharge pipe, and then the discharge motor is started. The discharge motor drives the screw conveyor, and the screw conveyor drives the material to be discharged towards the open end of the discharge pipe.

[0014] As a further improvement of this utility model, the blocking mechanism includes:

[0015] The sealing plates are of several types, and they are arranged one-to-one abutting against one side of the conveyor belt. The other end of the sealing plate abuts against the inner wall of one side of the fermentation box. The upper surface of the sealing plate is set in the same plane as the upper side of the outer surface of the conveyor belt. Rotating shafts are fixed on the front and rear side walls of the sealing plate, and the rotating shafts are screwed to the front and rear side walls of the fermentation box through bearings.

[0016] Driven gears, there are several driven gears, and they are fitted one-to-one on the rotating shaft on one side of the sealing plate. Each driven gear is meshed with a driving rack on one side, and the teeth on the driving racks on the left and right sides are arranged opposite to each other.

[0017] The driving screw consists of two screws, which are symmetrically arranged on one side wall of the fermentation tank. The driving screws are screwed to several active racks on the same side, and the two driving screws are connected by a synchronous pulley transmission assembly.

[0018] A blocking motor is embedded and fixed in one side wall of the fermentation tank, and the output shaft of the blocking motor is connected to the top end of one of the drive screws;

[0019] Using the above technical solution, the sealing motor is started, which drives the connected drive screw to rotate. This drive screw drives another drive screw to rotate through the synchronous gear transmission assembly. The two drive screws drive the corresponding active racks to move downwards through threads. The active racks drive the driven gears to rotate, and the driven gears drive the sealing plate to rotate through the rotating shaft.

[0020] As a further improvement of this utility model, a guide block is embedded on the inclined surface of the sealing plate away from the conveyor belt. The cross-section of the guide block is triangular. It can guide the material during feeding and can seal one side of the sealing plate during sealing.

[0021] As a further improvement of this utility model, guide plates are provided on the side of the conveyor belt away from the sealing mechanism. One side of the guide plate is tilted upward and fixed to the inner wall of one side of the fermentation box; this can prevent materials from being stuck in the gap between the conveyor belt and the fermentation box.

[0022] As a further improvement of this utility model, an activated carbon filter layer is inserted into the middle side of the feed pipe, and one side of the activated carbon filter layer passes through the side wall of the feed pipe and is exposed on one side of the feed pipe.

[0023] With the above technical solution, after the waste is poured into the fermentation tank, the activated carbon filter layer is inserted into the feed pipe, so that the gas discharged from the fermentation tank can be filtered through the activated carbon filter layer to achieve the effect of deodorization.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: The agricultural waste composting and fermentation device based on microbial degradation described in this utility model achieves uniform material distribution through multi-layered staggered conveyor belts, and significantly improves the microbial degradation efficiency and shortens the composting cycle with the help of a forced ventilation system. It has a simple structure and low operating cost. This utility model has the advantages of reasonable setup and low manufacturing cost. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model.

[0026] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of section A.

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the conveyor belt, linkage gear, and drive gear in this utility model.

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the sealing mechanism in this utility model.

[0029] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0030] 1. Fermentation box; 2. Support legs; 3. Feed pipe; 4. Discharge pipe; 5. Conveyor belt; 6. Transmission wheel; 7. Drive gear; 8. Drive motor; 9. Linkage gear; 10. Sealing mechanism; 10-1. Sealing plate; 10-2. Rotating shaft; 10-3. Driven gear; 10-4. Drive rack; 10-5. Sealing motor; 10-6. Discharge hopper; 11. Pump; 12. Discharge pipe; 13. Screw conveyor; 14. Discharge motor; 15. Guide block; 16. Guide plate; 17. Activated carbon filter layer; 18. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The technical solutions of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The preferred embodiments described are only examples. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this utility model.

[0032] Example 1:

[0033] like Figures 1-4 As shown, this embodiment includes a fermentation tank 1, support legs 2, a feed pipe 3, and a discharge pipe 4. Support legs 2 are provided at the four corners of the bottom wall of the fermentation tank 1. The feed pipe 3 is inserted into and welded to the top wall of the fermentation tank 1. An activated carbon filter layer 18 is inserted into the middle of the inside of the feed pipe 3. The left side of the activated carbon filter layer 18 passes through the left side wall of the feed pipe 3 and is exposed on the left side of the feed pipe 3. After waste is poured into the fermentation tank 1, the activated carbon filter layer 18 is inserted into the feed pipe 3, thereby filtering the gas discharged from the fermentation tank 1 through the activated carbon filter layer 18 to achieve a deodorizing effect. The bottom wall of the fermentation tank 1 is provided with a discharge pipe 4. It also includes:

[0034] Conveyor belt 5, there are several conveyor belts 5, and they are equally spaced from top to bottom in the fermentation box 1, and the several conveyor belts 5 are staggered. On both sides of the conveyor belt 5, there are drive wheels 6 that abut against each other. The drive wheels 6 are screwed to the front and rear side walls of the fermentation box 1 through shafts.

[0035] The drive gear 7 consists of several gears, which are fitted one-to-one and welded to the shafts at the rear ends of several transmission wheels 6 on the left side. The drive gear 7 is located inside the side wall of the fermentation tank 1, and a drive motor 8 is fixed on the shaft at the rear end of the uppermost transmission wheel 6.

[0036] Linkage gear 9, there are several linkage gears 9, and they mesh in pairs and are meshed between two adjacent drive gears 7. The linkage gear 9 is screwed into the side wall of the fermentation tank 1 through bearings.

[0037] The sealing mechanism 10 is installed inside the fermentation tank 1 and is configured to cooperate with and abut against the conveyor belt 5. Guide plates 17 are provided on the upper side of the conveyor belt 5 away from the sealing mechanism 10. One side of the guide plate 17 is inclined upward and welded to the inner wall of one side of the fermentation tank 1 to prevent material from being stuck in the gap between the conveyor belt 5 and the fermentation tank 1.

[0038] The discharge hopper 11 is installed and welded to the lower side of the fermentation tank 1. The four corners of the outer peripheral wall of the discharge hopper 11 are connected to the support legs 2. The upper end of the discharge pipe 4 is connected and fixed to the discharge hopper 11. A discharge pipe 13 is sleeved and welded to the bottom end of the discharge pipe 4. A spiral conveying rod 14 is installed inside the discharge pipe 13. One end of the spiral conveying rod 14 is screwed through the end wall of the discharge pipe 13 by a bearing and then fixed to a discharge motor 15. The discharge motor 15 is fixed to the outer end wall of the discharge pipe 13 by bolts. When discharging, the material enters the discharge pipe 13 through the discharge pipe 4 and then the discharge motor 15 is started. The discharge motor 15 drives the spiral conveying rod 14 and the spiral conveying rod 14 drives the material to be discharged to the open end of the discharge pipe 13.

[0039] The pump 12 is fixed to the outer wall of the right side of the fermentation tank 1 by bolts, and the air outlet of the pump 12 is connected to the discharge hopper 11 through a pipe.

[0040] Example 2:

[0041] See Figure 1-2 , Figure 4 As shown, based on Embodiment 1, the blocking mechanism 10 includes:

[0042] A sealing plate 10-1 is provided, comprising several sealing plates 10-1, which are correspondingly and abutting against one side of the conveyor belt 5. The other end of the sealing plate 10-1 abuts against the inner wall of one side of the fermentation tank 1. The upper surface of the sealing plate 10-1 is flush with the upper side of the outer surface of the conveyor belt 5. Rotating shafts 10-2 are welded and fixed to the front and rear side walls of the sealing plate 10-1, and the rotating shafts 10-2 are screwed to the front and rear side walls of the fermentation tank 1 via bearings. A guide block 16 is embedded on the inclined surface of the upper surface of the sealing plate 10-1 away from the conveyor belt 5. The guide block 16 has a triangular cross-section, which can guide the material during feeding and can also seal one side of the sealing plate 10-1 during sealing.

[0043] Driven gear 10-3, there are several driven gears 10-3, and they are respectively sleeved on the rotating shaft 10-2 on the front side of the sealing plate 10-1. One side of each driven gear 10-3 is meshed with a driving rack 10-4, and the teeth on the driving racks 10-4 on the left and right sides are arranged opposite to each other.

[0044] Two drive screws 10-5 are symmetrically arranged on one side wall of the fermentation tank 1. The drive screws 10-5 are screwed to several active racks 10-4 on the same side. The two drive screws 10-5 are connected by a synchronous pulley transmission assembly.

[0045] The sealing motor 10-6 is embedded and fixed in one side wall of the fermentation tank 1, and the output shaft of the sealing motor 10-6 is connected to the top end of the drive screw 10-5 on the right side.

[0046] In using this invention, waste material enters the fermentation tank 1 through the feed pipe 3. The drive motor 8 is started, driving the connected transmission wheel 6 to rotate. The drive gear 7 on the transmission wheel 6, in conjunction with the meshing linkage gear 9, drives the adjacent drive gear 7 to rotate, thus causing the transmission wheel 6 connected to that drive gear 7 to rotate. This process continues, causing several transmission wheels 6 to rotate. With the cooperation of the drive gear 7 and the linkage gear 9, adjacent transmission wheels 6 rotate in opposite directions, consequently causing the conveyor belt 5 to rotate in opposite directions. The waste material is then spread evenly on the conveyor belt 5. After spreading, the sealing mechanism 10 blocks the gaps between the conveyor belt 5 and the inner wall of the fermentation tank 1. When improved ventilation is needed, the pump 12 is started. The pump 12 draws outside air into the fermentation tank 1, thereby improving ventilation. When discharge is required, the sealing motor 10-6 is started. The sealing motor 10-6 drives the connected drive screw 10-5 to rotate. The drive screw 10-5 drives another drive screw 10-5 to rotate through the synchronous wheel transmission assembly. The two drive screws 10-5 drive the corresponding active rack 10-4 to move downward through the thread. The active rack 10-4 drives the driven gear 10-3 to rotate. The driven gear 10-3 drives the sealing plate 10-1 to rotate through the rotating shaft 10-2, so that the sealing plate 10-1 separates from the conveyor belt 5. Then the drive motor 8 is started again, so that the conveyor belt 5 carries the waste material to the discharge hopper 11 and then discharges it through the discharge pipe 4.

[0047] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this specific embodiment are as follows:

[0048] 1. The multi-layered, staggered conveyor belt 5, in conjunction with the drive gear 7 system, enables automatic layering and reverse conveying of waste, ensuring uniform material distribution; the pump 12 forced ventilation system enhances aerobic fermentation efficiency and significantly shortens the composting cycle.

[0049] 2. The sealing mechanism 10 adopts a gear and rack linkage design, which drives the sealing plate 10-1 to open and close precisely through the motor, ensuring both airtightness during fermentation and easy material guidance during discharge; the guide block 16 is designed to further optimize the material flow path and avoid residue.

[0050] 3. The discharge system composed of the screw conveyor 14 and the discharge motor 15 realizes the continuous and stable discharge of the composted material and avoids the blockage of the discharge pipe 4; the guide plate 17 is designed to effectively prevent material from getting stuck in the mesh belt gap and improve the reliability of the equipment.

[0051] 4. The feed pipe 3 has a built-in activated carbon filter layer 18, which adsorbs harmful gases produced during fermentation and reduces odor emissions; the overall structure is modularly designed, easy to operate, and suitable for small and medium-sized farms, taking into account both economic and environmental protection needs.

[0052] For those skilled in the art, modifications can be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, and equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A composting and fermentation device for agricultural waste based on microbial degradation, comprising a fermentation tank (1), support legs (2), a feed pipe (3), and a discharge pipe (4), wherein support legs (2) are provided at the four corners of the outer bottom wall of the fermentation tank (1), a feed pipe (3) is inserted and fixed on the top wall of the fermentation tank (1), and a discharge pipe (4) is provided on the bottom wall of the fermentation tank (1); characterized in that: It also includes: Conveyor belt (5), there are several conveyor belts (5), and they are arranged at equal intervals from top to bottom in the fermentation box (1), and the several conveyor belts (5) are arranged in an alternating manner. On both sides of the conveyor belt (5), there are drive wheels (6) that abut against each other. The drive wheels (6) are screwed to the front and rear side walls of the fermentation box (1) through shafts. The drive gear (7) consists of several gears, which are fitted and fixed one by one on the shaft of one end of several transmission wheels (6) on one side. The drive gear (7) is located inside the side wall of the fermentation tank (1), and a drive motor (8) is fixed on the shaft of one end of one of the transmission wheels (6). Linkage gear (9), there are several linkage gears (9), and they are meshed in pairs. The meshing is set between two adjacent drive gears (7). The linkage gear (9) is screwed into the side wall of the fermentation tank (1) through bearings. The sealing mechanism (10) is installed inside the fermentation tank (1) and is configured to cooperate with the conveyor belt (5) in abutment. The discharge hopper (11) is installed and fixedly disposed on the lower side of the fermentation box (1). The four corners of the outer peripheral wall of the discharge hopper (11) are connected to the support foot (2). The upper end of the discharge pipe (4) is connected and fixedly disposed to the discharge hopper (11). The pump (12) is fixed on the outer wall of one side of the fermentation tank (1), and the air outlet of the pump (12) is connected to the discharge hopper (11) through a pipe.

2. The agricultural waste composting and fermentation device based on microbial degradation according to claim 1, characterized in that: A discharge pipe (13) is sleeved and fixed on the bottom end of the discharge pipe (4). A spiral conveying rod (14) is installed inside the discharge pipe (13). One end of the spiral conveying rod (14) passes through the end wall of the discharge pipe (13) through a bearing and is fixed with a discharge motor (15). The discharge motor (15) is fixed on the outer end wall of the discharge pipe (13).

3. The agricultural waste composting and fermentation device based on microbial degradation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The blocking mechanism (10) comprises: The sealing plate (10-1) consists of several plates, which are arranged one-to-one against one side of the conveyor belt (5). The other end of the sealing plate (10-1) abuts against the inner wall of one side of the fermentation box (1). The upper surface of the sealing plate (10-1) is set in the same plane as the upper side of the outer surface of the conveyor belt (5). The front and rear side walls of the sealing plate (10-1) are fixed with rotating shafts (10-2). The rotating shafts (10-2) are screwed onto the front and rear side walls of the fermentation box (1) through bearings. Driven gears (10-3) are several in number and are fitted one-to-one on the rotating shaft (10-2) on one side of the sealing plate (10-1). Each driven gear (10-3) is meshed with a driving rack (10-4) on one side, and the teeth on the driving racks (10-4) on the left and right sides are arranged opposite to each other. Two drive screws (10-5) are symmetrically arranged on the left and right sides of one side wall of the fermentation tank (1). The drive screws (10-5) are screwed to several active racks (10-4) on the same side. The two drive screws (10-5) are connected by a synchronous wheel transmission assembly. The sealing motor (10-6) is embedded and fixed in one side wall of the fermentation tank (1), and the output shaft of the sealing motor (10-6) is connected to the top end of one of the drive screws (10-5).

4. The agricultural waste composting and fermentation device based on microbial degradation according to claim 3, characterized in that: The sealing plate (10-1) has a guide block (16) embedded on the inclined surface of the upper surface away from the conveyor belt (5), and the cross section of the guide block (16) is triangular.

5. The agricultural waste composting and fermentation device based on microbial degradation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conveyor belt (5) is provided with a guide plate (17) on the side away from the sealing mechanism (10). The guide plate (17) is tilted upward and fixed on the inner wall of the fermentation box (1) on one side.

6. The agricultural waste composting and fermentation device based on microbial degradation according to claim 1, characterized in that: An activated carbon filter layer (18) is inserted into the middle side of the feed pipe (3). One side of the activated carbon filter layer (18) passes through one side wall of the feed pipe (3) and is exposed on one side of the feed pipe (3).

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