Low-calorific-value solid waste burner

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of low heat value solid waste burners, belong to burner technical field.The hearth corresponding to core combustion zone in the burner is composed of multiple sections from top to bottom in ladder-shaped distribution, the aperture of the inner wall of upper hearth in adjacent two hearths is less than the aperture of the inner wall of lower hearth, and the furnace wall of upper hearth is equipped with air blowing passage, which is communicated with the cold air collecting box located outside the hearth, to blow the cold air outside to the inner wall of adjacent lower hearth.The scheme is improved by the hearth corresponding to core combustion zone, forms gas film on the inner wall of hearth, can effectively prevent high-temperature molten ash from adhering to it, and the structure is relatively simple, and the running cycle is longer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of burner technology, and more specifically, to a low-calorific-value solid waste burner. Background Technology

[0002] Low-calorific-value solid waste burners, as one of the important pieces of equipment in the field of coal gasification technology, have the following advantages: First, they can greatly reduce the carbon content of fly ash and slag, allowing for more full utilization of pulverized coal and thus reducing the difficulty of solid waste treatment; second, they can also rationally utilize the heat of coal gas and improve fuel utilization rate. However, during the operation of this burner, the temperature in the core combustion zone corresponding to the furnace interior is generally above the ash melting point, making it prone to coking at the insulated furnace lining.

[0003] Existing burners employ relatively complex structures to address coking in the insulated furnace lining, and their operating cycles require further improvement. For example, Chinese patent application CN2023223674681 includes an interconnected central combustion chamber and a main combustion chamber. The main combustion chamber is equipped with coils and air caps. The coils are U-shaped circular tubes, with several coils evenly arranged inside the main combustion chamber. One end of the air cap is connected to an air box, and the other end is embedded in the inner cavity of the main combustion chamber, with spray holes on the side wall of the latter end. The air box is located outside the main combustion chamber. This application utilizes air from the coils for heat exchange within the main combustion chamber, effectively reducing the furnace lining temperature. Simultaneously, the gas injected through the air cap forms an air film on the inner wall of the main combustion chamber. Although this type of application can effectively prevent solid waste from adhering to the insulated furnace lining of the main combustion chamber, it requires the addition of coils inside the main combustion chamber, which is relatively complex in structure. Furthermore, during long-term operation, the outer surface of the coils is prone to coking, making cleaning and dismantling relatively difficult. Utility Model Content

[0004] 1. Technical problems to be solved

[0005] To address the technical problems of relatively complex structures and / or insufficient operating cycles in existing burners used to solve coking at the lining of insulated furnaces, this invention provides a novel low-calorific-value solid waste burner. This solution improves the furnace corresponding to the core combustion zone, which consists of multiple segments arranged in a stepped pattern from top to bottom. The aperture of the inner wall of the upper furnace segment is smaller than that of the adjacent lower furnace segment, and the furnace wall of the upper segment is equipped with an air blowing channel connected to a cold air header located outside the furnace. This forms an air film on the inner wall of the furnace, effectively preventing the adhesion of high-temperature molten ash. This structure is relatively simple and has a longer operating cycle.

[0006] 2. Technical solutions adopted

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution provided by this utility model is as follows:

[0008] This utility model discloses a low-calorific-value solid waste burner. The furnace corresponding to the core combustion zone of the burner is composed of multiple sections arranged in a stepped manner from top to bottom. In two adjacent furnace sections, the aperture of the inner wall of the upper furnace section is smaller than that of the inner wall of the lower furnace section. The furnace wall of the upper furnace section is provided with a blowing channel that is connected to a cold air header located outside the furnace, so as to blow external cold air to the inner wall of the adjacent lower furnace section.

[0009] Furthermore, the outlet of the air blowing channel is located in the area where the inner wall of the upper section of the furnace protrudes from the inner wall of the adjacent lower section of the furnace, and the air outlet direction is vertically downward.

[0010] Furthermore, the furnace wall of the furnace corresponding to the core combustion zone includes a first castable layer, a second castable layer, a refractory fiberboard layer and a furnace shell arranged sequentially from the inside out. The first castable layer is composed of multiple segments distributed from top to bottom, and a blown brick layer is provided between two adjacent segments of the first castable layer along the circumferential direction of the inner wall. One side of the blown brick layer is flush with the inner wall of the adjacent segment of the first castable layer above it.

[0011] Furthermore, the other side of the blown brick layer extends into the interior of the second castable layer.

[0012] Furthermore, the blowing channel includes a vertical section and a horizontal section that are interconnected, wherein the inlet of the horizontal section is connected to the cold air header and extends from the furnace shell to the blowing brick layer, and the vertical section is opened inside the blowing brick layer.

[0013] Furthermore, each layer of blown bricks has multiple blown channels spaced apart along the circumference of the furnace.

[0014] Furthermore, each layer of blown bricks is equipped with a cold air collection box surrounding the outer surface of the furnace.

[0015] Furthermore, the thickness of the first castable layers is the same in multiple sections, while the second castable layers are continuously distributed from top to bottom and the thickness decreases in a stepped manner.

[0016] Furthermore, the first castable layer is divided into four sections from top to bottom.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution provided by this utility model has the following advantages:

[0018] (1) This utility model optimizes the design of the furnace corresponding to the core combustion zone. Specifically, the furnace consists of multiple sections arranged in a stepped manner from top to bottom. The aperture of the inner wall of the upper section is smaller than that of the inner wall of the adjacent lower section. The furnace wall of the upper section is provided with a blowing channel that connects to the cold air header located outside the furnace. This channel is used to blow gas into the inner wall of the adjacent lower section of the furnace. By forming a gas film on the inner wall of the furnace, the solid waste melted at high temperature is prevented from adhering to it. This solution has a relatively simple structure and does not require additional pipes inside the furnace, thus avoiding additional pipe coking problems. As a result, its operation is more stable and the operating cycle is effectively extended.

[0019] (2) This utility model further optimizes the design of the air blowing channel. Specifically, the upper furnace inner wall protrudes from the top of the adjacent lower furnace inner wall area and has an outlet for the air blowing channel, with the air outlet direction vertically downward. By designing the air blowing direction of the air blowing channel, the travel distance of the cold air forming an air film on the adjacent lower furnace inner wall is further extended. Furthermore, an air blowing brick layer is provided between the two adjacent first castable layers. One side of the air blowing brick layer is flush with the inner wall of the first castable layer of the adjacent upper section, and the other side extends into the interior of the second castable layer, which is beneficial to the stability of the air blowing brick layer. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the low-calorific-value solid waste burner in an embodiment of this utility model.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the furnace structure in the low-calorific-value solid waste burner in this embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A magnified structural diagram of point A in the middle.

[0023] Label Explanation:

[0024] 1. Burner head;

[0025] 2. Furnace shell;

[0026] 3. Fire-resistant fiberboard layer;

[0027] 4. Second layer of castable refractory;

[0028] 5. First layer of castable refractory;

[0029] 6. Cold air collection box;

[0030] 7. Air duct;

[0031] 8. Blow-blown brick layer;

[0032] 9. Compensator;

[0033] 10. Air duct;

[0034] 11. Thermocouple. Detailed Implementation

[0035] To further understand the content of this utility model, a detailed description of this utility model will be provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0036] The structures, proportions, and sizes illustrated in the accompanying drawings are merely for illustrative purposes and to aid those skilled in the art in understanding and reading the invention. They are not intended to limit the scope of the invention and therefore have no substantial technical significance. Any modifications to the structure, changes in proportions, or adjustments to size, without affecting the effectiveness and purpose of the invention, should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed in this utility model. Furthermore, terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and "middle" used in this specification are merely for clarity and not intended to limit the scope of implementation. Changes or adjustments to their relative relationships, without substantially altering the technical content, should also be considered within the scope of the invention's implementation.

[0037] Existing low-calorific-value solid waste burners include a combustion head 1 and a burner furnace. The combustion head 1 has a gas passage sleeve inside, and it is inserted into an opening at the top of the burner furnace. The combustion head 1 and the burner furnace are fixedly connected by a mounting bracket. The burner furnace consists of a top, a core combustion zone, and a bottom arranged from top to bottom. The top is generally arched, but some have a flat top structure. The core combustion zone is also called the furnace body. The temperature of this part of the furnace is relatively high, generally above the ash melting point. Therefore, the inner wall of this part of the furnace is prone to coking. This utility model improves the furnace in this corresponding section.

[0038] This utility model provides a low-calorific-value solid waste burner, referenced... Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the furnace corresponding to the core combustion zone in the burner is composed of multiple sections arranged in a stepped manner from top to bottom. In two adjacent furnace sections, the aperture of the inner wall of the upper furnace section is smaller than the aperture of the inner wall of the adjacent lower furnace section. The furnace wall of the upper furnace section is provided with a blowing channel 10 that is connected to the cold air header 6 located outside the furnace, so as to blow the external cold air to the inner wall of the adjacent lower furnace section.

[0039] The inner wall of the single-section furnace corresponding to the core combustion zone is preferably cylindrical.

[0040] It should be noted that the furnace corresponding to the core combustion zone is composed of multiple segments arranged in a stepped pattern from top to bottom. The aperture of the inner wall of the upper furnace segment is smaller than that of the inner wall of the adjacent lower furnace segment. Assuming that the inner wall of the furnace corresponding to the core combustion zone is divided into N segments, and the transition between the inner walls of two adjacent furnace segments forms a step, a total of N-1 steps are formed. The furnace wall of the upper furnace segment is provided with a blowing channel that connects to the cold air header 6 located outside the furnace. That is, except for the furnace segment located at the bottom of the core combustion zone, the furnace walls of the other furnace segments are provided with blowing channels that connect to the cold air header 6 located outside the furnace. Cold air is introduced into the inner wall of the adjacent lower furnace segment through the blowing channel 10, forming an air film on the inner wall of the adjacent lower furnace segment to prevent the high-temperature molten ash from adhering to it. The operating temperature inside the furnace can reach 1200~1300℃. The gas entering through the air blowing channel 10 has a lower temperature, so it is called cold air and should not be interpreted as a limitation on its temperature range.

[0041] Specifically, the outlet of the air blowing channel 10 is located in the area where the inner wall of the upper furnace protrudes from the inner wall of the adjacent lower furnace, and the air outlet direction is vertically downward. By designing the air outlet direction of the air blowing channel 10, cold air that moves vertically downward along the inner wall of the lower furnace is formed, further extending the travel distance for forming an air film on the inner wall of the adjacent lower furnace.

[0042] More preferably, the furnace wall corresponding to the core combustion zone includes a first castable layer 5, a second castable layer 4, a refractory fiberboard layer 3, and a furnace shell 2 arranged sequentially from the inside out. The first castable layer 5 is composed of multiple segments distributed from top to bottom. Between two adjacent segments of the first castable layer 5, there is a blown brick layer 8 laid along the circumference of the inner wall of the furnace. One side of the blown brick layer 8 is flush with the inner wall of the adjacent segment of the first castable layer 5 above it.

[0043] It should be noted that, except for the lowest furnace section, the furnace wall of the remaining furnace sections is formed by the first castable refractory layer 5 of the corresponding section, the blown brick layer 8 located adjacent to and below the first castable refractory layer 5 of that section, the second castable refractory layer 4 at the same height, the refractory fiberboard layer 3, and the furnace shell 2. Therefore, it can be seen that the number of sections of the first castable refractory layer 5 is the same as the number of sections of the furnace corresponding to the core combustion zone.

[0044] The air-blowing brick layer 8 is constructed using wall bricks made of alumina. The first castable layer 5 and the second castable layer 4 are cast using pre-cast templates. To facilitate the opening of air-blowing channels, the air-blowing brick layer 8 is provided, and ventilation holes can be pre-set inside the air-blowing bricks used in the air-blowing brick layer 8 before stacking.

[0045] More preferably, the other side of the blown brick layer 8 extends into the interior of the second castable layer 4, which is beneficial to the stability of the blown brick layer 8.

[0046] As can be seen from the above, the number of air-blown brick layers 8 is the same as the number of steps. Assuming the furnace is divided into N sections, the number of air-blown brick layers 8 is set to N-1.

[0047] As a preferred embodiment of the air blowing channel 10, refer to Figure 3 As shown, the blowing channel 10 includes a vertical section and a horizontal section that are interconnected. The inlet of the horizontal section is connected to the cold air header 6 and extends from the furnace shell 2 to the blowing brick layer 8. The vertical section is located below the horizontal section and is opened inside the blowing brick layer 8.

[0048] The blown bricks used in the blown brick layer 8 can have pre-set ventilation holes during their manufacturing process. The specific method for forming these ventilation holes utilizes existing technology. Correspondingly, the ventilation holes in the blown bricks are preferably T-shaped or inverted L-shaped. During the casting process, a pre-set cold air pipe 7 is used to form openings corresponding to the furnace wall layers in the second castable layer 4 and the refractory fiberboard layer 3, i.e., the remaining holes in the horizontal section of the blown air channel 10; these openings are connected to the ventilation holes in the blown bricks. Preferably, one end of the cold air pipe 7 extends to the cold air header 6, and the other end extends into the ventilation holes of the blown brick layer 8, facilitating the alignment of the ventilation holes in the blown brick layer 8 with the openings in the furnace wall, and determining the relative positions between the blown air channel 10 and the cold air header 6.

[0049] As an extension, each layer of blown bricks 8 is provided with a plurality of blown channels 10 spaced apart along the circumference of the furnace. In some embodiments, each layer of blown bricks 8 is provided with 100 blown channels 10 evenly spaced apart along the circumference of the furnace.

[0050] As a further extension, each layer of blown bricks 8 is equipped with a cold air header 6 surrounding the outer surface of the furnace. The cold air header 6 is fixed to the outer surface of the furnace by welding. The number of cold air headers 6 corresponds to the number of blown brick layers 8, and multiple cold air headers 6 are spaced apart along the height of the furnace. The height of the blown brick layers 8 and their corresponding cold air headers 6 is approximately the same.

[0051] In a preferred embodiment of the furnace wall, multiple sections of the first castable refractory layer 5 have the same thickness, and the second castable refractory layer 4 is continuously distributed from top to bottom with a stepped decrease in thickness. The multiple sections of the first castable refractory layer 5 and the second castable refractory layer 4 together form a double-layer inner wall with increasing pore size and a stepped distribution. The refractory fiberboard layer 3 and the furnace shell 2 have the same thickness from top to bottom, and the bottom of the refractory fiberboard layer 3 is provided with a compensator 9 that penetrates the furnace shell 2. Among them, the first castable refractory layer 5 is a high-alumina brick.

[0052] In other embodiments, the inner wall of the furnace corresponding to the core combustion zone is preferably divided into four sections from top to bottom, that is, the first castable layer 5 is divided into four sections from top to bottom. A step is formed at the transition between each pair of adjacent sections of the inner wall of the first castable layer 5 by a layer of blown bricks 8, resulting in a total of three steps. The gas blown out through the blown channel 10 can form a gas film on the inner wall of the adjacent lower section of the first castable layer 5 to prevent the high-temperature molten solid waste from adhering to it.

[0053] The furnace wall is equipped with multiple thermocouples 11 spaced apart along the height direction to detect the temperature at different height sections of the furnace. The amount of cold air blown into each section of the furnace wall can be adjusted in real time based on the temperature feedback from the thermocouples 11.

[0054] The present invention and its embodiments have been described above illustratively. This description is not restrictive, and the figures shown are only one embodiment of the present invention; the actual structure is not limited thereto. Therefore, if those skilled in the art are inspired by this description and design similar structures and embodiments without departing from the inventive spirit of the present invention, such designs should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A low-calorific-value solid waste burner, characterized in that, The furnace corresponding to the core combustion zone in the burner is composed of multiple sections arranged in a stepped manner from top to bottom. In two adjacent furnace sections, the aperture of the inner wall of the upper furnace section is smaller than that of the inner wall of the lower furnace section. The furnace wall of the upper furnace section is provided with a blowing channel (10) that is connected to the cold air header (6) located outside the furnace section, so as to blow the external cold air to the inner wall of the adjacent lower furnace section.

2. The low-calorific-value solid waste burner according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outlet of the air blowing channel (10) is located in the area where the inner wall of the upper furnace protrudes from the inner wall of the adjacent lower furnace, and the air outlet direction is vertically downward.

3. The low-calorific-value solid waste burner according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The furnace wall corresponding to the core combustion zone includes a first castable layer (5), a second castable layer (4), a refractory fiberboard layer (3), and a furnace shell (2) arranged sequentially from the inside out. The first castable layer (5) is composed of multiple segments distributed from top to bottom. Between two adjacent segments of the first castable layer (5), there is a blown brick layer (8) laid along the circumferential direction of the inner wall of the furnace. One side of the blown brick layer (8) is flush with the inner wall of the first castable layer (5) above it.

4. The low-calorific-value solid waste burner according to claim 3, characterized in that, The other side of the blown brick layer (8) extends into the interior of the second castable layer (4).

5. The low-calorific-value solid waste burner according to claim 4, characterized in that, The blowing channel (10) includes a vertical section and a horizontal section that are interconnected. The inlet of the horizontal section is connected to the cold air header (6) and extends from the furnace shell (2) to the blowing brick layer (8). The vertical section is opened inside the blowing brick layer (8).

6. The low-calorific-value solid waste burner according to claim 3, characterized in that, Each layer of blown bricks (8) has multiple blown channels (10) spaced out along the circumference of the furnace.

7. The low-calorific-value solid waste burner according to claim 6, characterized in that, Each layer of blown bricks (8) is provided with a cold air collector (6) surrounding the outer surface of the furnace.

8. The low-calorific-value solid waste burner according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first castable layers (5) have the same thickness, and the second castable layers (4) are continuously distributed from top to bottom with a step-like decrease in thickness.

9. The low-calorific-value solid waste burner according to claim 8, characterized in that, The first castable layer (5) is divided into four sections from top to bottom.

Images