Rock breaking device based on sodium water reaction

Abstract

The utility model provides a kind of liquid oxygen phase change expansion rock breaking device based on sodium water reaction, it is related to rock breaking device technical field.The utility model's rock breaking device includes energy storage cavity, trigger assembly and air release component, sodium isolation piece is arranged inside energy storage cavity, and energy storage cavity is divided into the first cavity for filling liquid oxygen and the second cavity for filling deionized water.The utility model passes through trigger assembly and breaks sodium isolation piece, and sodium water violent reaction is caused to release heat, and liquid oxygen phase change expansion forms high temperature and high pressure gas, and directional impact rock realizes crushing.The utility model's rock breaking device is broken by the double-energy coupling rock breaking mechanism of sodium water chemical reaction and liquid oxygen physical phase change, greatly improves the energy generated by gas blasting, improves energy utilization rate, with controllability, high rock breaking efficiency, high safety and wide use range and other advantages.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of rock-breaking device technology, specifically to a liquid oxygen phase change expansion rock-breaking device based on sodium-water reaction. Background Technology

[0002] In rock breaking engineering, explosive blasting, as a traditional method of rock breaking, is widely used but has many drawbacks. It relies on chemical explosions, and the powerful impact and vibration generated at the moment of explosion can not only damage surrounding buildings and pose a serious threat to the safety of personnel and equipment, but also release large amounts of harmful gases, polluting the air, which is inconsistent with current green and environmentally friendly construction concepts. Furthermore, the use of explosive blasting is strictly restricted near sensitive areas such as residential areas and ancient buildings, with cumbersome approval processes and limited application scenarios.

[0003] Carbon dioxide fracturing technology involves injecting liquid carbon dioxide into a steel fracturing tube, where a heater provides heat, causing the carbon dioxide to undergo an instantaneous phase change at high temperature, generating high-pressure gas to break the rock. However, its fracturing energy is limited, making it ineffective for breaking hard rocks; furthermore, the storage and transportation of liquid carbon dioxide requires specialized equipment, resulting in high costs; and at low temperatures, the phase change efficiency of carbon dioxide decreases, further affecting the rock-breaking effect.

[0004] Liquefied air rock breaking technology uses the phase change expansion of liquefied air to generate pressure to break rocks, but this technology has poor rock breaking efficiency; it is prone to generating static electricity during the filling process, which poses an explosion risk; and it is more suitable for soft rock breaking projects and open-pit excavation projects.

[0005] Liquid oxygen blasting technology utilizes the large amount of heat and high-pressure gas released during the phase change of liquid oxygen to blast rocks into numerous fragments. It boasts advantages such as low noise, low vibration, and environmental friendliness, while also allowing for more precise control of the breaking effect. For example, patent CN118030062A discloses a gas rock-breaking device based on the combination of liquid oxygen and carbon dioxide, controlling heat release through this combination. However, its reliance on burning paper for heating may lead to asynchronous phase changes between liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen, resulting in unstable phase change energy and affecting the rock-breaking effect. Patent CN119043097A discloses a liquid oxygen blasting system and its operating method, possessing inherent safety, high efficiency, and environmental friendliness. However, it places higher demands on electric initiation and pipeline insulation, requiring multi-layer insulation for the liquid oxygen delivery pipeline. Long-term use may lead to liquid oxygen vaporization loss due to decreased insulation performance, reducing energy utilization. The existing liquid oxygen blasting technologies still suffer from insufficient energy utilization, the need to improve rock-breaking efficiency, and the need to expand application scenarios.

[0006] Therefore, it is of great significance to provide a liquid oxygen phase change expansion rock breaking device with high rock breaking efficiency, high energy utilization rate and applicability to complex environments. Utility Model Content

[0007] The main purpose of this invention is to provide a liquid oxygen phase change expansion rock-breaking device based on sodium-water reaction. This invention overcomes the shortcomings of existing carbon dioxide fracturing tubes and liquefied air rock-breaking devices by using a dual-energy coupling rock-breaking mechanism that triggers liquid oxygen phase change through sodium-water reaction, thereby reducing rock-breaking costs and improving rock-breaking efficiency.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows:

[0009] A liquid oxygen phase change expansion rock-breaking device based on sodium-water reaction includes an energy storage cavity extending into the borehole.

[0010] The energy storage cavity is a hollow cylindrical structure with a removable partition inside. The partition divides the energy storage cavity into a first cavity and a second cavity. The first cavity is used to store liquid oxygen, and the second cavity is used to store deionized water.

[0011] The triggering component, located inside the first cavity, is used to trigger the sodium-water reaction, thereby initiating a liquid oxygen phase change and generating high-pressure gas.

[0012] The venting assembly, located on the side wall of the energy storage chamber, is used to release high-pressure gas to achieve rock crushing;

[0013] A grounding wire, with one end connected to the isolator and the other end extending to the ground, is used for electrostatic protection.

[0014] Preferably, the upper part of the energy storage cavity is provided with a first filling pipe and a second filling pipe. One end of the first filling pipe supplies liquid oxygen to the first cavity through a first opening, and the other end is connected to a liquid oxygen storage tank. The first filling pipe is provided with a first valve and a first one-way valve. The first one-way valve is used to control the unidirectional flow of liquid oxygen into the first cavity to prevent backflow. The first valve is an emergency shut-off valve, used to quickly close in abnormal situations to prevent liquid oxygen from continuing to flow into the first cavity.

[0015] One end of the second filling tube injects deionized water into the second cavity through the second opening, and the other end is connected to the deionized water storage tank. The second filling tube is equipped with a second one-way valve and a pressure interlock device. The second one-way valve is used to inject deionized water into the second cavity to prevent water flow from going backward. The pressure interlock device is used to monitor the pressure of the second cavity. When the pressure of the second cavity exceeds a set threshold, the second one-way valve is automatically closed to stop the liquid supply.

[0016] Preferably, the isolation element is made of pure sodium or sodium-based alloy, with a thickness of 1-3 mm, and is detachably connected to the energy storage cavity through an annular groove or threaded structure.

[0017] Preferably, the outer surface of the isolation element is provided with an elastic nitrile rubber sealing ring and a polytetrafluoroethylene insulation layer in sequence to ensure the isolation and sealing of liquid oxygen and deionized water and prevent leakage.

[0018] Preferably, the distance between the trigger component and the isolator is 1-1.5mm to ensure that the isolator can be broken down under the set voltage and energy, thus triggering the sodium-water reaction.

[0019] Preferably, the triggering component includes an electronic match, which is connected to a pulse power supply via a wire. The pulse power supply is equipped with a voltage feedback sensor for real-time monitoring of the trigger voltage.

[0020] Preferably, the venting assembly includes several venting holes disposed on the side wall of the energy storage cavity. The venting holes have a diameter of 10-15mm and are equipped with breakable aluminum alloy pressure relief plates inside to seal the venting holes. When the pressure inside the cavity reaches a preset threshold, the breakable pressure relief plates automatically break, and the high-pressure gas impacts the rock to achieve rock crushing.

[0021] In a preferred embodiment, the outer diameter of the energy storage cavity is 10-20 mm smaller than the borehole diameter, and an elastic positioning claw is provided on the outside to facilitate the placement of the energy storage cavity inside the borehole.

[0022] Preferably, a pressure sensor is provided on the side wall of the energy storage cavity to detect changes in the gas pressure inside the cavity.

[0023] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] 1. The rock-breaking device of this utility model can control the sodium-water reaction and liquid oxygen phase change process by adjusting the thickness of the isolation component, the liquid filling parameters and the pressure relief setting, effectively controlling the pressure and energy release during the rock-breaking process, reducing the vibration and damage to the surrounding environment, and the sodium-water reaction does not produce harmful gases.

[0025] 2. The rock-breaking device of this invention uses a dual-energy coupling rock-breaking mechanism that triggers liquid oxygen phase change through sodium-water reaction, which significantly improves rock-breaking efficiency. Moreover, the rock-breaking device is not affected by ambient temperature and can operate stably in cold regions. It can be widely used in hard rock breaking projects under various complex geological and climatic conditions.

[0026] 3. The rock-breaking device of this utility model uses detachable isolation components and replaceable pressure relief plates, which reduces the cost of use and enables the equipment to be reused. Attached Figure Description

[0027] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the liquid oxygen phase change expansion rock-breaking device based on sodium-water reaction of this utility model;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the isolation component in the liquid oxygen phase change expansion rock-breaking device based on sodium-water reaction of this utility model;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the liquid oxygen phase change expansion rock-breaking device based on sodium-water reaction in Example 2;

[0031] In the diagram: 1 Liquid oxygen, 101 First filling pipe, 102 First valve, 103 First check valve, 2 Deionized water, 201 Second filling pipe, 202 Second check valve, 203 Pressure interlock device, 3 Isolator, 301 Sealing ring, 302 Polytetrafluoroethylene, 4 Electronic match, 401 Voltage feedback sensor, 402 Pulse power supply, 5 Vent hole, 501 Pressure relief plate, 502 First aperture, 503 Second aperture, 6 Pressure sensor, 7 Grounding wire. Detailed Implementation

[0032] Example 1:

[0033] like Figure 1-2 As shown, this embodiment provides a liquid oxygen phase change expansion rock-breaking device, including an energy storage cavity extending into a borehole. The energy storage cavity is a hollow cylindrical structure with a detachable isolation component 3 inside, dividing the energy storage cavity into a first cavity and a second cavity. The first cavity is used to store liquid oxygen 1, and the second cavity is used to store deionized water 2. A trigger component is disposed inside the first cavity to trigger a sodium-water reaction to achieve liquid oxygen phase change. A venting component is disposed on the side wall of the energy storage cavity and extends out of the outer wall of the energy storage cavity to release high-pressure gas. A grounding wire 7 is connected at one end to the isolation component 3 and extends to the ground.

[0034] In this embodiment, the main body of the energy storage cavity is made of a high-pressure resistant material (such as 304 stainless steel), which can withstand the high pressure generated during the sodium-water reaction and liquid oxygen phase change. The inner wall is coated with an organic fluorine coating to ensure that the cavity is not affected by low temperature when storing liquid oxygen, maintains structural stability, and can also withstand the high temperature generated during the sodium-water reaction and liquid oxygen phase change. The outer wall is coated with an epoxy zinc-rich primer, which has good rust prevention properties. The zinc powder contained in the coating can play a cathodic protection role, effectively preventing the steel substrate from rusting and extending the service life of the cavity.

[0035] In a preferred embodiment, the upper part of the energy storage cavity is provided with a first filling pipe 101 and a second filling pipe 201. One end of the first filling pipe 101 supplies liquid oxygen 1 to the first cavity through a first opening, and the other end is connected to a liquid oxygen storage tank. The first filling pipe 101 is provided with a first valve 102 and a first one-way valve 103. The first one-way valve 103 is used to control the unidirectional flow of liquid oxygen into the first cavity to prevent backflow. The first valve 102 is an emergency shut-off valve, used to quickly close in abnormal situations to prevent liquid oxygen from continuing to flow into the first cavity.

[0036] One end of the second filling pipe 201 delivers deionized water 2 to the second cavity through the second opening, and the other end is connected to the deionized water storage tank; the second filling pipe 201 is equipped with a second one-way valve 202 and a pressure interlock device 203. The second one-way valve 202 is used to inject deionized water 2 into the second cavity to prevent water flow from going backwards; the pressure interlock device 203 is used to monitor the pressure of the second cavity. If the pressure exceeds the limit, the second one-way valve 202 will automatically close.

[0037] In a preferred embodiment, the isolator 3 is made of pure sodium or sodium-based alloy with a thickness of 1-3 mm. It is detachably connected to the energy storage cavity via an annular groove or threaded structure, facilitating the installation and replacement of the isolator 3. An elastic nitrile rubber sealing ring 301 and a polytetrafluoroethylene insulation layer 302 are sequentially arranged on the outside of the isolator 3 to ensure the isolation and sealing of liquid oxygen and deionized water, preventing leakage when the reaction is not triggered. The isolator 3 is connected to the grounding wire 7, which guides any static charge that may be generated inside the device to the ground, preventing static electricity from occurring inside the device.

[0038] In a preferred embodiment, the distance between the triggering component and the isolator 3 is 1-1.5 mm, ensuring that the isolator 3 can be broken down under the set voltage and energy to trigger the sodium-water reaction.

[0039] This invention does not limit the triggering component; it can be triggered by means such as electronic breakdown, electric heating, or mechanical force destruction, as long as the sodium-water reaction can be triggered.

[0040] When the electronic match is used for breakdown, the electronic match 4 is connected to the pulse power supply 402 through a wire. The output voltage of the pulse power supply 402 is controlled within a certain range to strictly control the energy storage capacity. The pulse power supply is equipped with a voltage feedback sensor 401 to monitor the trigger voltage in real time and minimize the probability of false triggering.

[0041] In a preferred embodiment, the venting assembly includes several venting holes 5 disposed on the side wall of the energy storage cavity. A breakable aluminum alloy pressure relief plate 501 is disposed in the venting hole to seal the venting hole. When the pressure inside the cavity reaches a preset threshold, the breakable pressure relief plate automatically breaks, and the high-pressure gas rushes out of the sealing plate to impact the rock, thereby breaking the rock.

[0042] In a preferred embodiment, the outer diameter of the energy storage cavity is 10-20 mm smaller than the borehole diameter, and an elastic positioning claw is provided on the outside to facilitate the placement of the energy storage cavity inside the borehole.

[0043] In a preferred embodiment, the energy storage cavity is further provided with a pressure sensor 6 on its side wall to detect the pressure of the gas inside the cavity; when the pressure inside the cavity reaches a preset threshold, the pressure relief plate 501 automatically breaks, and the vent hole guides the gas to release pressure to the surrounding area, so that the high-pressure gas impacts the surrounding rocks and achieves rock crushing.

[0044] The working principle of this utility model is as follows: In use, firstly, a hole is drilled in the target rock to form a channel. The diameter of the hole needs to be 10-20mm larger than the outer diameter of the energy storage cavity. After laying a pad at the bottom of the hole, the assembled energy storage cavity is placed into the channel, and then the channel is backfilled. The filling pipe and grounding wire must extend outside the hole, with the grounding wire connecting to the ground from the channel. Secondly, after backfilling the channel, the first one-way valve 103 and the second one-way valve 202 are opened, and liquid oxygen 1 is injected into the first cavity through the first filling pipe 101. When the cavity volume reaches a set value, the first one-way valve 103 automatically closes; the second filling pipe... 201. Deionized water 2 is injected into the second chamber, and the volume ratio of the injected liquid oxygen 1 to deionized water 2 is controlled to be 1:2. When the volume of the chamber reaches the set value, the second one-way valve 202 automatically closes. Finally, after the triggering component is activated by the control circuit, the high-voltage pulse generated by the electronic match 4 breaks through the sodium insulating component 3, triggering the sodium-water reaction to release a large amount of heat (368kJ / mol), heating the liquid oxygen to undergo a phase change and form high-pressure gas, which expands to more than 800 times its original volume, breaks through the pressure relief plate 501 and sprays out from the ten vent holes 5, impacting the rock in the channel and forming a large number of cracks. As the high-pressure gas enters the cracks, the rock is broken.

[0045] In operation, this rock-breaking device utilizes a trigger component to break through a sodium-based insulating component. The sodium and water react violently, releasing heat and raising the internal temperature. At this high temperature, the liquid oxygen expands rapidly, undergoing a liquid-to-gas phase transition, generating high-temperature, high-pressure gas that impacts the rock, achieving the rock-breaking effect. This device combines the sodium-water reaction with liquid oxygen, employing a dual-energy coupling mechanism of chemical reaction and physical phase transition, significantly increasing the energy generated by the gas explosion and thus greatly improving rock-breaking efficiency.

[0046] Example 2:

[0047] Further explanation is provided in conjunction with Example 1. For example... Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, the venting assembly includes venting holes 5 disposed on the side wall of the energy storage cavity. Each side has 5 venting holes 5, and the diameter of the venting holes 5 is set as follows: the first diameter 502 in the middle of the cavity is 15mm, and the second diameter 503 around the periphery is 10mm.

[0048] The symmetrical arrangement of the aforementioned vent holes ensures the uniform release of high-temperature, high-pressure gas within the energy storage chamber, creating a balanced pressure field around the rock. This improves the uniformity and efficiency of rock crushing, reduces large residual pieces, and allows the device to maintain force balance in all directions during gas release, ensuring its stability and operational safety. By optimizing energy distribution through the use of different orifice sizes, the large central orifice rapidly releases gas to create a strong impact force that crushes the rock core. Then, the smaller peripheral orifices distribute energy evenly around the perimeter, reducing blind spots in the crushing process. This also helps control the crushing range and avoids unnecessary damage to the surrounding area.

[0049] After a rock-breaking operation is completed, the device is cleaned and inspected. Specialized cleaning tools and cleaning agents are used to thoroughly remove any remaining reactants and impurities from the inside of the cavity. Non-destructive testing techniques, such as ultrasonic flaw detectors, are used to inspect the energy storage cavity to ensure that there are no cracks or other damage, thus guaranteeing the safety and reliability of the device. At the same time, sodium-based isolation components and fracture-resistant pressure relief plates are replaced to prepare for future use.

[0050] In summary, compared to traditional liquid oxygen phase change rock-breaking devices, the rock-breaking device of this invention achieves a controllable phase change process by inducing liquid oxygen phase change through a sodium-water reaction. Through triggering and venting components, the pressure and energy release during the rock-breaking process can be effectively controlled, reducing vibration and damage to the surrounding environment. When using this rock-breaking device, the hydrogen gas generated by the sodium-water reaction diffuses rapidly during the rock-breaking process, preventing the accumulation of harmful gases and ensuring the safety of construction personnel.

[0051] The above embodiments are merely preferred technical solutions of this utility model and should not be considered as limitations on this utility model. The protection scope of this utility model should be the technical solution described in the claims, including equivalent substitutions of the technical features described in the claims. That is, equivalent substitutions and improvements within this scope are also within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A liquid oxygen phase change expansion rock-breaking device based on sodium-water reaction, characterized in that: Including the energy storage cavity that extends into the borehole, The energy storage cavity is a hollow columnar structure with a removable isolation component (3) inside. The energy storage cavity is divided into a first cavity and a second cavity by the isolation component (3). The first cavity is used to store liquid oxygen (1) and the second cavity is used to store deionized water (2). The triggering component, located inside the first cavity, is used to trigger the sodium-water reaction, thereby initiating a liquid oxygen phase change and generating high-pressure gas. The venting assembly, located on the side wall of the energy storage chamber, is used to release high-pressure gas to achieve rock crushing; The grounding wire (7) is connected at one end to the isolation element (3) and extends to the ground at the other end for electrostatic protection.

2. The liquid oxygen phase change expansion rock-breaking device based on sodium-water reaction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper part of the energy storage cavity is provided with a first filling pipe (101) and a second filling pipe (201), which are used to deliver liquid oxygen (1) and deionized water (2) to the first cavity and the second cavity, respectively.

3. The liquid oxygen phase change expansion rock-breaking device based on sodium-water reaction according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first filling pipe (101) is provided with a first valve (102) and a first check valve (103). The first check valve (103) is used to control the unidirectional flow of liquid oxygen into the first cavity. The second filling pipe (201) is provided with a second check valve (202) and a pressure interlock device (203). The second check valve (202) is used to inject deionized water (2) into the second cavity. The pressure interlock device (203) is used to monitor the pressure of the second cavity.

4. The liquid oxygen phase change expansion rock-breaking device based on sodium-water reaction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The isolation component (3) is made of pure sodium or sodium-based alloy with a thickness of 1-3 mm, and is detachably connected to the energy storage cavity through an annular groove or threaded structure.

5. The liquid oxygen phase change expansion rock-breaking device based on sodium-water reaction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance between the trigger component and the isolator (3) is 1-1.5 mm.

6. The liquid oxygen phase change expansion rock-breaking device based on sodium-water reaction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The triggering component is connected to the pulse power supply (402) via a wire. The pulse power supply (402) is equipped with a voltage feedback sensor (401) for real-time monitoring of the trigger voltage.

7. The liquid oxygen phase change expansion rock-breaking device based on sodium-water reaction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The venting assembly includes a vent hole (5) disposed on the side wall of the energy storage cavity, the vent hole having a diameter of 10-15 mm.

8. The liquid oxygen phase change expansion rock-breaking device based on sodium-water reaction according to claim 7, characterized in that: A breakable aluminum alloy pressure relief plate (501) is provided inside the vent (5).

9. The liquid oxygen phase change expansion rock-breaking device based on sodium-water reaction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy storage cavity is also equipped with a pressure sensor (6) on its side wall to detect the pressure of the gas inside the cavity.

10. The liquid oxygen phase change expansion rock-breaking device based on sodium-water reaction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer diameter of the energy storage cavity is 10-20 mm smaller than the diameter of the borehole.

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