Photovoltaic direct-drive ventilation dehumidification system

Abstract

This invention proposes a photovoltaic direct-drive ventilation and dehumidification system, installed on the glass of a building's exterior wall. The system includes a ventilation and dehumidification unit and a photovoltaic panel that powers the unit. Ventilation openings are provided in the glass, and the ventilation and dehumidification unit is installed within these openings. The photovoltaic panel is detachably installed on the inside of the glass. This invention installs the ventilation and dehumidification unit on the glass, powered by both the photovoltaic panel and mains electricity. The unit ventilates the interior while removing moisture from the introduced fresh air, preventing the impact of air humidity on the indoor environment. The photovoltaic panel, installed on the inside of the glass, can operate continuously in salt spray corrosion environments with reduced power generation efficiency degradation and excellent resistance to salt spray corrosion. The photovoltaic panel is fixed by flexible suction cups or magnetic hooks, avoiding drilling into the glass, maintaining the integrity of the window structure, and allowing for quick installation and removal.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of indoor ventilation technology, specifically relating to a photovoltaic direct-drive ventilation and dehumidification system. Background Technology

[0002] Compared to wind, hydro, and nuclear power, solar energy is characterized by its inexhaustible supply, wide range, and cleanliness, making it the best choice for green building energy. Direct-drive photovoltaic (PV) equipment for ventilation can achieve zero-carbon / zero-energy ventilation. For example, CN201410045610.3 discloses a photovoltaic-powered ventilation window, including a double-glazed window frame, a ventilation box, and a battery compartment. The inner cavity of the double-glazed window is equipped with solar cells. The ventilation window is powered by PV panels, fully utilizing solar energy and featuring environmental friendliness, energy saving, safety, convenience, and sustainability.

[0003] However, the aforementioned patent places the photovoltaic panel inside the hollow glass cavity, making it difficult to disassemble and resulting in complex and time-consuming maintenance, severely impacting the normal operation of the ventilation window. While placing the photovoltaic panel on the outside of the glass would facilitate maintenance, salt spray corrosion in coastal areas can shorten the panel's lifespan (annual efficiency degradation >10%), and dust accumulation necessitates frequent cleaning. Furthermore, the aforementioned ventilation window method does not dehumidify the air. In certain regions and during specific times of high humidity (such as the humid spring season), constantly opening the ventilation window can lead to excessive indoor humidity, causing mold growth and even condensation, damaging the indoor environment. Utility Model Content

[0004] To address the technical problems existing in the prior art, the first aspect of this utility model is to provide a photovoltaic direct-drive ventilation and dehumidification system.

[0005] In this embodiment of the utility model, a photovoltaic direct-drive ventilation and dehumidification system is installed on the glass of the exterior wall of a building. The ventilation and dehumidification system includes a ventilation and dehumidification unit and a photovoltaic panel that supplies power to the ventilation and dehumidification unit. A ventilation opening is provided on the glass, the ventilation and dehumidification unit is installed in the ventilation opening, and the photovoltaic panel is detachably installed on the inside of the glass.

[0006] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the superior technical solution of this utility model include:

[0007] 1. This utility model installs a ventilation and dehumidification unit on glass, which is powered by a photovoltaic panel. The ventilation and dehumidification unit ventilates the room and removes moisture from the introduced fresh air, thus preventing the air humidity from affecting the indoor environment.

[0008] 2. Compared with the existing technology that places the photovoltaic panel 20 on the outside of the glass 30, this utility model installs the photovoltaic panel on the inside of the glass, which can operate continuously in the salt spray corrosion environment, and the power generation efficiency decay rate is reduced, and it has good anti-salt spray corrosion performance.

[0009] 3. Compared with the existing technology that places the photovoltaic panel inside the cavity of the insulating glass, the photovoltaic panel of this utility model is fixed to the inside of the glass by a flexible suction cup or magnetic hook, which can avoid drilling holes in the glass, maintain the structural integrity of the glass window, and the photovoltaic panel can be quickly installed and removed.

[0010] 4. Install a photovoltaic power grid switching controller in the ventilation and dehumidification unit. It is connected to the fan through a line to realize dual power supply of photovoltaic panels and mains power. When the light intensity is greater than the minimum threshold for the fan to start, the solar power supply is activated first. When the light intensity is insufficient, it automatically switches to mains power to save energy.

[0011] 5. By setting up a moisture-absorbing and water-generating section, when the air is supplied, the temperature is low and the humidity (water in the air) is stored in the moisture-absorbing and water-generating material of the moisture-absorbing and water-generating section. When the air is exhausted, the photovoltaic direct heating wire inside the moisture-absorbing and water-generating section is activated and the temperature of the moisture-absorbing and water-generating material is raised. Water is released from the moisture-absorbing and water-generating material and sent to the outside through the waterproof backflow device and the exhaust. Attached Figure Description

[0012] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a photovoltaic direct-drive ventilation and dehumidification system according to an embodiment.

[0013] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the moisture-absorbing and water-generating structure in the embodiment.

[0014] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the operation of a photovoltaic direct-drive ventilation and dehumidification system according to an embodiment.

[0015] The reference numerals in the accompanying drawings include: ventilation and dehumidification unit 10, unit casing 11, air inlet 11a, air outlet 11b, temperature and humidity sensor 12, moisture absorption and water production structure 13, moisture absorption and water production section 131, heating element 132, fan 14, waterproof backflow device 15, air filter structure 16, unit controller 17, relay 18, photovoltaic panel 20, glass 30, and photovoltaic mains power switching controller 40. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The embodiments of this utility model are described in detail below. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain this utility model, and should not be construed as limiting this utility model.

[0017] This embodiment provides a photovoltaic direct-drive ventilation and dehumidification system, installed on the glass 30 of the building's exterior wall, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the ventilation and dehumidification system includes a ventilation and dehumidification unit 10 and a photovoltaic panel 20 that powers the ventilation and dehumidification unit 10. For example, a vent is provided on the glass 30, and the ventilation and dehumidification unit 10 is installed in the vent to pass through the glass 30. The photovoltaic panel 20 is detachably installed on the inside of the glass 30. For example, the photovoltaic panel 20 is fixed to the inside of the glass 30 by a flexible suction cup or a magnetic hook. The surface of the flexible suction cup is coated with an anti-slip silicone layer. There is a heat dissipation gap between the photovoltaic panel 20 and the glass 30 to facilitate heat dissipation of the photovoltaic panel 20 and to enable quick installation and removal of the photovoltaic panel 20.

[0018] This embodiment installs a ventilation and dehumidification unit 10 on the glass 30, and the photovoltaic panel 20 supplies power to the ventilation and dehumidification unit 10. It is especially suitable for ventilation in sunny rooms or vacation homes. The ventilation and dehumidification unit 10 ventilates the room and removes moisture from the introduced fresh air, preventing the air humidity from affecting the indoor environment.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment, the photovoltaic panel 20 employs a high-efficiency perovskite thin-film solar cell. This high-efficiency perovskite thin-film solar cell is highly sensitive to visible light, resulting in higher photoelectric conversion efficiency than other photovoltaic cells even in low-light environments (such as when mounted behind glass 30). The semi-transparent perovskite thin-film solar cell can generate electricity while also absorbing light. More preferably, a high-transmittance nanoporous SiO2 anti-reflection (AR) film is coated on the surface of the photovoltaic panel 20, which can further improve light transmittance while reducing surface reflection loss.

[0020] In another preferred embodiment, a photovoltaic-to-mains power switching controller 40 (e.g., model CS-IF1210M) is provided within the ventilation and dehumidification unit 10, connected to both the photovoltaic panel 20 and the mains power supply connector. The power supply control terminal of the photovoltaic-to-mains power switching controller 40 is connected to the enable terminal of the ventilation and dehumidification unit 10, enabling dual-engine power supply from the photovoltaic panel 20 and mains power. An outdoor light intensity sensor is provided to monitor light intensity, and its signal output terminal is connected to the light intensity input terminal of the photovoltaic-to-mains power switching controller 40. When the light intensity exceeds the minimum light threshold for starting the ventilation and dehumidification unit 10, the photovoltaic-to-mains power switching controller 40 switches to power supply from the photovoltaic panel 20, and the ventilation and dehumidification unit 10 operates. When the light intensity falls below the minimum light threshold, the photovoltaic-to-mains power switching controller 40 switches back to mains power. Specifically, a comparator can be set in the photovoltaic mains power switching controller 40. The first input terminal of the comparator is connected to the output terminal of the light intensity sensor, the second input terminal of the comparator is connected to the threshold, the output terminal of the comparator is connected to the power supply control terminal of the photovoltaic panel 20, and the output terminal of the comparator is connected to the mains power supply control terminal through a NOT gate.

[0021] This ventilation and dehumidification system uses a dual-engine power supply of photovoltaic panels 20 and mains electricity. When the sunlight intensity is sufficient, the system uses the photovoltaic panels 20 for power supply, and only uses mains electricity when the sunlight intensity is insufficient, in order to save energy. Moreover, compared with using only photovoltaic panels 20 for power supply, the dual-engine power supply of photovoltaic panels 20 and mains electricity allows the ventilation and dehumidification system to be used for ventilation in houses with low sunlight, and can achieve ventilation 365 days a year, improving its practicality.

[0022] In this utility model, the ventilation and dehumidification unit 10 may adopt existing technology or the structure provided below in this application.

[0023] Specifically, the ventilation and dehumidification unit 10 includes a unit casing 11 with an air inlet 11a and an air outlet 11b. The air inlet 11a is located outdoors and is waterproof. The air outlet 11b is located indoors and uses a 360° dispersed air outlet, such as the method disclosed in CN201821614613.4 that achieves 360° directional dispersed air outlet. The direction from outdoors to indoors in the unit casing 11 (…) Figure 1 As shown from left to right, a temperature and humidity sensor 12, a breathable moisture-absorbing and water-generating structure 13, and a fan 14 capable of forward and reverse rotation are installed sequentially. The signal output terminal of the temperature and humidity sensor 12 is connected to the unit controller 17. The heating and water-generating control terminal of the unit controller 17 is connected to the heating enable terminal of the moisture-absorbing and water-generating structure 13. The ventilation control terminal of the unit controller 17 is connected to the enable terminal of the fan 14.

[0024] After the temperature and humidity sensor 12 is powered on, it detects the air temperature and humidity and transmits the data to the unit controller 17. The unit controller 17 controls the operation of the fan 14 based on the air temperature and humidity (the fan 14 is only allowed to start when the outdoor relative humidity is lower than the maximum relative humidity threshold; the fan 14 does not start when the outdoor relative humidity is higher than the maximum relative humidity threshold) to supply and exhaust air. The fan 14 operates intermittently for forward air supply and reverse air exhaust to ventilate the room. The moisture (water) in the introduced outdoor air is absorbed by the moisture absorption and water production structure 13, and the air supplied to the room is dry air. During exhaust, the unit controller 17 controls the moisture absorption and water production structure 13 to heat up, causing the water absorbed by the structure to be released and blown out outdoors by the exhaust air. At the same time, the exhaust air can also remove indoor moisture along with the air, playing a role in dehumidification and moisture prevention. In other words, this utility model, by setting up the moisture absorption and water production section 13, absorbs water in the air during air supply and releases water by heating up during exhaust, and sends the water to the outside through the exhaust air, prevents the air humidity from affecting the indoor environment.

[0025] Among them, the temperature and humidity sensor 12 continuously sends digital signals to the main control chip of the unit controller 17 through the DATA pin; the main control chip simultaneously sends the temperature and humidity data to the threshold comparison module, which compares the current humidity with the set value in real time. When the humidity > the humidity threshold, the threshold comparison module outputs a signal to the main control chip to trigger the fan 14 to run and enter the air supply mode; in the air supply mode, the air supply relay is activated, and the moisture absorption and water production structure 13 passively absorbs moisture; in the exhaust mode, the exhaust relay is activated, and the main control chip outputs a signal to heat the moisture absorption and water production structure 13. The heating temperature can be controlled by the NTC resistor closed loop in the heating control module (MOS tube drive circuit) of the moisture absorption and water production structure 13.

[0026] like Figure 2 As shown, in this invention, the moisture-absorbing and water-generating structure 13 includes a moisture-absorbing and water-generating section 131 filled with a moisture-absorbing and water-generating material, and a heating element 132 for heating the moisture-absorbing and water-generating section 131. The heating element 132 is an electric heating wire embedded in the moisture-absorbing and water-generating section 131. For example, the moisture-absorbing and water-generating section 131 can be formed by filling a non-woven bag with a moisture-absorbing and water-generating material. Specifically, the moisture-absorbing and water-generating material can be a hydrogel capable of absorbing and generating moisture. A temperature-responsive hydrogel can be used, which can be released by temperature control (such as the LCST mechanism). Heating causes the hydrogel to shrink (dehydrate) and squeeze out the water inside. This is existing technology and will not be described in detail here.

[0027] It should be noted that, since different types of hydrogels have different physical properties, in order to simplify the device as much as possible, it is assumed that the physical property of the hydrogel material in the moisture absorption and water production section 131 is that it will release water when the temperature is greater than t1℃. Therefore, when the fan 14 reverses to exhaust air, regardless of whether there is water in the moisture absorption and water production section 131, the temperature is directly controlled to rise to greater than t1℃+N℃, where t1 is determined according to the properties of the material itself, and N is determined according to the actual use scenario and safety requirements.

[0028] like Figure 1 As shown, in another preferred embodiment, the unit housing 11 is further provided with a waterproof backflow device 15, which prevents water discharged from the moisture-absorbing water-generating structure 13 from flowing back to the air outlet 11b. By providing the waterproof backflow device 15, the unit housing 11 can be installed horizontally, or tilted downwards or upwards towards the outside, reducing the installation requirements of the unit housing 11. Figure 1 The unit casing 11 is shown to be arranged horizontally.

[0029] Specifically, the waterproof backflow device 15 is located at the bottom of the moisture-absorbing and water-generating structure 13. The waterproof backflow device 15 is an inclined block that slopes from top to bottom from the air outlet 11b side to the air inlet 11a side, with the high end of the inclined block extending to the outside of the moisture-absorbing and water-generating structure 13. Figure 1On the right side as shown to prevent the water released by the moisture absorption and water production structure 13 from flowing back into the room. Moreover, the inclined block also has a drainage function, and the water generated in the air is sent outdoors through the inclined block and the exhaust air.

[0030] In another preferred embodiment, an air filtration structure 16 is further provided in the unit housing 11 between the air inlet 11a and the temperature and humidity sensor 12. The air filtration structure 16 adopts a multi-layer filter screen structure, including a primary filter screen and a medium-effect filter screen. By setting the air filtration structure 16, the air entering the room is filtered to reduce the particulate matter in the air entering the room.

[0031] As Figure 3 shown, the ventilation and dehumidification system of the present utility model operates according to the following strategy: After the temperature and humidity sensor 12 is started, it detects the air temperature T and the relative humidity φ, and compares them with the highest relative humidity threshold φ0 at the temperature T. When φ > φ0, the fan 14 does not operate; when φ < φ0, it detects the output power P0 of the photovoltaic panel 20 and the load power P1 at the current moment. When P0 ≥ P1, the photovoltaic panel 20 supplies power alone, and at this time the fan 14 operates. When P0 < P1, it switches to the mains power supply alone, and at this time the fan 14 operates. The fan 14 operates forward to send air, and the moisture in the outdoor air is absorbed by the moisture absorption and water production section 131 of the moisture absorption and water production structure 13. When the forward operation time of the fan 14 reaches the fan operation cycle t, the fan 14 operates in reverse to exhaust air. The unit controller 17 controls the heating element 132 in the moisture absorption and water production structure 13 to work, so that the moisture absorption and water production section 131 is heated, and the water is released from the moisture absorption and water production section 131 and sent outdoors under the exhaust air action of the fan 14. When the fan 14 operates in reverse to the fan operation cycle t and then operates forward to send air, the air supply and exhaust are alternately carried out in this way to perform ventilation and dehumidification.

[0032] In the present utility model, when the photovoltaic panel 20 supplies power, the above humidity judgment logic is implemented by a relay 18 (such as a humidity-sensitive switch relay) provided in the unit housing 11. When detecting at this time, the relay 18 automatically closes and supplies power to the fan 14, which is prior art and will not be described in detail here.

[0033] Although the embodiments of the present utility model have been shown and described, those of ordinary skill in the art can understand that various changes, modifications, substitutions, and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and purposes of the present utility model. The scope of the present utility model is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic direct-drive ventilation and dehumidification system, installed on the glass of a building's exterior wall, characterized in that, The ventilation and dehumidification system includes a ventilation and dehumidification unit and a photovoltaic panel that supplies power to the ventilation and dehumidification unit. The glass has ventilation openings, the ventilation and dehumidification unit is installed in the ventilation openings, and the photovoltaic panel is detachably installed on the inside of the glass.

2. The photovoltaic direct-drive ventilation and dehumidification system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The photovoltaic panel is fixed to the inside of the glass by a flexible suction cup or a magnetic hook.

3. The photovoltaic direct-drive ventilation and dehumidification system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The surface of the flexible suction cup is coated with an anti-slip silicone layer.

4. The photovoltaic direct-drive ventilation and dehumidification system according to claim 1, characterized in that, There is a heat dissipation gap between the photovoltaic panel and the glass.

5. The photovoltaic direct-drive ventilation and dehumidification system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The photovoltaic panel uses a high-efficiency perovskite thin-film solar cell. And / or a high-transmittance nanoporous antireflective film is coated on the surface of the photovoltaic panel.

6. The photovoltaic direct-drive ventilation and dehumidification system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ventilation and dehumidification unit is equipped with a photovoltaic mains power switching controller that is connected to the photovoltaic panel and the mains power supply terminal respectively. The power supply control terminal of the photovoltaic mains power switching controller is connected to the enable terminal of the ventilation and dehumidification unit to realize dual-engine power supply from the photovoltaic panel and the mains power. An outdoor light intensity sensor is installed to monitor light intensity. The signal output terminal of the light intensity sensor is connected to the light intensity input terminal of the photovoltaic mains switching controller. When the light intensity is greater than the minimum light threshold for the ventilation and dehumidification unit to start, the photovoltaic mains power switching controller switches to photovoltaic panel power supply. When the light intensity is below the minimum light threshold, the photovoltaic grid power switching controller switches to grid power supply.

7. A photovoltaic direct-drive ventilation and dehumidification system according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The ventilation and dehumidification unit includes a unit housing with an air inlet and an air outlet. The unit housing is installed in the air inlet. The air inlet is located outdoors and the air outlet is located indoors. A temperature and humidity sensor, a breathable moisture-absorbing and water-generating structure, and a fan capable of forward and reverse rotation are installed sequentially from the outside to the inside of the unit housing. The unit housing also contains a unit controller. The signal output terminal of the temperature and humidity sensor is connected to the unit controller, the heating and water production control terminal of the unit controller is connected to the heating enable terminal of the moisture absorption and water production structure, and the ventilation control terminal of the unit controller is connected to the enable terminal of the fan. The temperature and humidity sensor detects the air temperature and humidity and transmits the data to the unit controller. The unit controller controls the operation of the fan to supply and exhaust air based on the air temperature and humidity. When supplying air, the moisture in the outdoor air is absorbed by the moisture absorption and water production structure. When exhausting air, the unit controller controls the moisture absorption and water production structure to heat up, so that the water absorbed by the moisture absorption and water production structure is released and blown out outdoors by the exhaust fan.

8. A photovoltaic direct-drive ventilation and dehumidification system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The moisture-absorbing and water-generating structure includes a moisture-absorbing and water-generating section made of moisture-absorbing and water-generating material, and a heating element for heating the moisture-absorbing and water-generating section.

9. A photovoltaic direct-drive ventilation and dehumidification system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The unit casing is also equipped with a waterproof backflow device, which can prevent the water discharged from the moisture-absorbing water production structure from flowing back to the air outlet. The waterproof backflow device is located at the bottom of the moisture-absorbing and water-generating structure. The waterproof backflow device is an inclined block that slopes from the air outlet side to the air inlet side from top to bottom, and the high end of the inclined block extends to the outside of the moisture-absorbing and water-generating structure.

10. A photovoltaic direct-drive ventilation and dehumidification system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The unit's casing also includes an air filter structure located between the air inlet and the temperature and humidity sensor.

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