A circuit for reducing power consumption of fluorescence detection and a fluorescence detection device

Abstract

This invention discloses a circuit and fluorescence detection device for reducing power consumption in fluorescence detection. The circuit includes a light source driving circuit, a fluorescence detection module, a TIA transimpedance amplifier gain circuit, an interface circuit, and a terminal module. The light source driving circuit and the interface circuit are interconnected, as are the interface circuit and the terminal module. The output of the light source driving circuit is connected to the input of the fluorescence detection module, the output of the fluorescence detection module is connected to the input of the TIA transimpedance amplifier gain circuit, and the output of the TIA transimpedance amplifier gain circuit is connected to the input of the light source driving circuit. This invention significantly simplifies the circuit structure and reduces its complexity, lowers the difficulty and cost of development and application, and reduces the operating current of the excitation light source LED, thereby reducing the overall power consumption of the fluorescence detection module. This invention, as a circuit and fluorescence detection device for reducing power consumption in fluorescence detection, can be widely applied in the field of sample detection technology.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of sample detection technology, and in particular to a circuit and fluorescence detection device for reducing power consumption in fluorescence detection. Background Technology

[0002] Photoelectric detection technology boasts advantages such as fast response speed, high sensitivity, good safety, no radiation source, simple operation, and high efficiency. It holds significant research value and broad application prospects in fields such as food safety, environmental monitoring, and medical testing. However, existing fluorescence detection modules utilize constant-current LED driver chip technology. The stability of the LED light source is limited by chip characteristics, making consistent adjustment difficult during mass production. Sample detection results are greatly affected by light intensity, leading to low test accuracy. Furthermore, to saturate the fluorescence signal of biomarkers, the excitation light intensity is often increased, further increasing the power consumption of the light source. The constant operating current of the LED is typically between tens and hundreds of milliamps. Utility Model Content

[0003] To address the aforementioned technical problems, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a circuit and fluorescence detection device for reducing power consumption in fluorescence detection. This greatly simplifies the circuit structure and reduces its complexity, lowers the difficulty and cost of development and application, and reduces the operating current of the excitation light source LED, thereby reducing the overall power consumption of the fluorescence detection module.

[0004] The first technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows: it includes a light source driving circuit, a fluorescence detection module, a TIA transimpedance amplifier gain circuit, an interface circuit, and a terminal module. The light source driving circuit and the interface circuit are interconnected, the interface circuit and the terminal module are interconnected, the output terminal of the light source driving circuit is connected to the input terminal of the fluorescence detection module, the output terminal of the fluorescence detection module is connected to the input terminal of the TIA transimpedance amplifier gain circuit, and the output terminal of the TIA transimpedance amplifier gain circuit is connected to the input terminal of the light source driving circuit.

[0005] Furthermore, the light source driving circuit is a transistor-controlled constant current source driving circuit or a MOSFET-controlled constant current source driving circuit.

[0006] Furthermore, the transistor-controlled constant current source driving circuit includes a microcontroller unit, a first resistor, a first capacitor, an operational amplifier, a second resistor, a third resistor, a fourth resistor, a transistor, a diode, and an emitting light source. The output terminal of the microcontroller unit is connected to the first terminal of the first resistor. The second terminal of the first resistor and the first terminal of the first capacitor are connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier, and the second terminal of the first capacitor is grounded. The negative input terminal and the output terminal of the operational amplifier are connected to the first terminal of the second resistor. The second terminal of the second resistor and the first terminal of the third resistor are connected to the base of the transistor, and the second terminal of the third resistor is grounded. The emitter of the transistor is grounded. The collector of the transistor and the second terminal of the fourth resistor are connected to the anode of the diode. The cathode of the diode is connected to the anode of the emitting light source, and the cathode of the emitting light source is connected to the first terminal of the fourth resistor.

[0007] Furthermore, the MOS transistor controlled constant current source driving circuit includes a microcontroller unit, a first resistor, a first capacitor, an operational amplifier, a second resistor, a second capacitor, a fifth resistor, a sixth resistor, a MOS transistor, a diode, and an emitting light source. The output terminal of the microcontroller unit is connected to the first terminal of the first resistor; the second terminal of the first resistor and the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier are connected to the first terminal of the first capacitor; the second terminal of the first capacitor is grounded; the negative input terminal of the operational amplifier and the second terminal of the second capacitor are connected to the first terminal of the fifth resistor; the output terminal of the operational amplifier and the first terminal of the second capacitor are connected to the first terminal of the second resistor; the second terminal of the second resistor is connected to the gate of the MOS transistor; the second terminal of the fifth resistor and the first terminal of the sixth resistor are connected to the source of the MOS transistor; the second terminal of the sixth resistor is grounded; the drain of the MOS transistor and the anode of the diode are connected to the cathode of the emitting light source; and the cathode of the diode is connected to the anode of the emitting light source.

[0008] Furthermore, the microcontroller unit includes a highly integrated 12-bit digital-to-analog converter (DAC), a 16-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC), and a high-precision internal voltage reference module.

[0009] Furthermore, the fluorescence detection module includes an emitting light source, a collimating lens, a first emitting light filter, a dichroic mirror, a first lens, a detection sample, a second emitting light filter, a second lens, an aperture, and a photoelectric sensor. The emitting light source, the collimating lens, the first emitting light filter, and the dichroic mirror are horizontally arranged along the output light path of the emitting light source. The dichroic mirror is placed at a 45° angle. The first lens and the detection sample are vertically arranged sequentially along the downward reflected light path of the dichroic mirror. The second emitting light filter, the second lens, the aperture, and the photoelectric sensor are vertically arranged sequentially along the upward reflected light path of the dichroic mirror.

[0010] Furthermore, the fluorescence detection module also includes a reflector, which is tilted at a 45° angle and is on the same horizontal optical path as the dichroic mirror.

[0011] This utility model embodiment also provides a fluorescence detection device, which includes the circuit described above for reducing fluorescence detection power consumption.

[0012] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: by using a highly integrated MCU chip with modules such as ADC, DAC, and reference voltage source to replace the traditional expensive dedicated function chips / circuit modules, the circuit structure is simplified, the design and development difficulty is reduced, and hardware costs are saved. As a sensor module for weak light signal detection, it converts the physical quantity of the measured object into a digital signal, which facilitates detection and control, thereby improving signal quality and ensuring system reliability and stability. Furthermore, through the fluorescence detection module, a sinusoidal current with DC offset is proposed to drive the light source, which significantly reduces the energy consumed by the light source. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structural framework of a circuit for reducing power consumption in fluorescence detection according to this utility model.

[0014] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the framework of the first optical path design provided in a specific embodiment of this utility model;

[0015] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the framework of the second optical path design provided in a specific embodiment of this utility model;

[0016] Figure 4 This is a simplified schematic diagram of the first light source power supply driving principle provided in a specific embodiment of this utility model;

[0017] Figure 5 This is a simplified schematic diagram of the second light source power supply driving principle provided in a specific embodiment of this utility model;

[0018] Figure 6This is a schematic diagram of a transistor-controlled constant current source driving circuit provided in a specific embodiment of this utility model;

[0019] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the MOS transistor controlled constant current source driving circuit provided in a specific embodiment of this utility model;

[0020] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the excitation light source current waveform provided in a specific embodiment of this utility model.

[0021] Reference numerals: 101, Light source; 102, Collimating lens; 103, First light-emitting filter; 104, Dichroic mirror; 105, First lens; 106, Detection sample; 107, Second light-emitting filter; 108, Second lens; 109, Aperture; 110, Photoelectric sensor; 111, Reflector; 301, External resistor; 302, First constant current source chip; 401, Second constant current source chip; 402, Second external resistor; 501, Microcontroller unit; 502, First resistor; 503, First capacitor; 504, Operational amplifier; 505, Second resistor; 506, Third resistor; 507, Transistor; 508, Fourth resistor; 509, Diode; 510, Second capacitor; 511, Fifth resistor; 512, Sixth resistor; 513, MOSFET. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The step numbers in the following embodiments are only for ease of explanation and do not limit the order of the steps. The execution order of each step in the embodiments can be adapted according to the understanding of those skilled in the art.

[0023] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the singular forms “a,” “the,” and “the” used in this disclosure are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and not for limiting the invention. The term “and / or” as used herein includes any combination of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0024] Reference Figure 1This utility model provides a circuit for reducing power consumption in fluorescence detection, including a light source driving circuit, a fluorescence detection module, a TIA transimpedance amplifier gain circuit, an interface circuit, and a terminal module. The light source driving circuit and the interface circuit are interconnected, the interface circuit and the terminal module are interconnected, the output terminal of the light source driving circuit is connected to the input terminal of the fluorescence detection module, the output terminal of the fluorescence detection module is connected to the input terminal of the TIA transimpedance amplifier gain circuit, and the output terminal of the TIA transimpedance amplifier gain circuit is connected to the input terminal of the light source driving circuit.

[0025] As a preferred embodiment of this utility model, the light source driving circuit is a transistor-controlled constant current source driving circuit or a MOSFET-controlled constant current source driving circuit.

[0026] First, it needs to be explained that, as Figure 4 The diagram shown is a schematic of the constant current driving principle of the excitation light source before simplification of this utility model. For example, the first constant current source chip 302 is a BCR402UE6327, which supports a maximum driving current of 65mA by matching the first external resistor 301 (Rext). Figure 5 The diagram shown is a schematic of the constant current driving principle of the excitation light source before simplification of this utility model. For example, the second constant current source chip 401 is CN5710, which is matched with the second external resistor 402 (R). ISET Supports a maximum drive current of 1A, current calculation formula I LED =1800V / R ISET In the formula, I LED The unit is ampere (A), R ISET The unit is ohm (Ω).

[0027] As a further preferred embodiment of this utility model, the transistor-controlled constant current source driving circuit includes a microcontroller unit 501, a first resistor 502, a first capacitor 503, an operational amplifier 504, a second resistor 505, a third resistor 506, a fourth resistor 508, a transistor 507, a diode 509, and an emitting light source 101. The output terminal of the microcontroller unit is connected to the first terminal of the first resistor; the second terminal of the first resistor and the first terminal of the first capacitor are connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier, and the second terminal of the first capacitor is grounded; the negative input terminal and the output terminal of the operational amplifier are connected to the first terminal of the second resistor; the second terminal of the second resistor and the first terminal of the third resistor are connected to the base of the transistor, and the second terminal of the third resistor is grounded; the emitter of the transistor is grounded; the collector of the transistor and the second terminal of the fourth resistor are connected to the anode of the diode; the cathode of the diode is connected to the anode of the emitting light source; and the cathode of the emitting light source is connected to the first terminal of the fourth resistor.

[0028] Specifically, such as Figure 6 The diagram shown is a simplified version of the constant current driving principle of the excitation light source of this utility model. For example, a transistor-controlled constant current source is used. The analog voltage output from the DAC pin of the MCU passes through the RC low-pass filter composed of the first resistor and the first capacitor and is input to the non-inverting input of the operational amplifier. The gain of the operational amplifier is 1. The voltage is divided by the second resistor and the third resistor and then input to the base (B) of the transistor to control the current of the light source in the series sub-circuit, the fourth resistor, and the collector-emitter (CE) of the transistor.

[0029] As a further preferred embodiment of this utility model, the MOS transistor controlled constant current source driving circuit includes a microcontroller unit 501, a first resistor 502, a first capacitor 503, an operational amplifier 504, a second resistor 505, a second capacitor 510, a fifth resistor 511, a sixth resistor 512, a MOS transistor 513, a diode 509, and an emitting light source 101. The output terminal of the microcontroller unit is connected to the first terminal of the first resistor; the second terminal of the first resistor and the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier are connected to the first terminal of the first capacitor; the second terminal of the first capacitor is grounded; the negative inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier and the second terminal of the second capacitor are connected to the first terminal of the fifth resistor; the output terminal of the operational amplifier and the first terminal of the second capacitor are connected to the first terminal of the second resistor; the second terminal of the second resistor is connected to the gate of the MOS transistor; the second terminal of the fifth resistor and the first terminal of the sixth resistor are connected to the source of the MOS transistor; the second terminal of the sixth resistor is grounded; the drain of the MOS transistor and the anode of the diode are connected to the cathode of the emitting light source; and the cathode of the diode is connected to the anode of the emitting light source.

[0030] Specifically, such as Figure 7 The diagram shown is a simplified schematic of the constant current driving principle for the excitation light source according to this invention. For example, a MOSFET-controlled constant current source is used. The analog voltage output from the MCU's DAC pin passes through an RC low-pass filter composed of a first resistor and a first capacitor, and is then input to the non-inverting input of the operational amplifier. The current from the light source, the drain-source (DS) junction of the MOSFET, and the sampling current from the fifth resistor are connected in series. This current is converted into a voltage by the sampling fifth resistor and fed back to the inverting input of the operational amplifier. The output of the operational amplifier controls the gate (G) of the MOSFET, thus achieving the constant current regulation function.

[0031] It should be noted that transistors include, but are not limited to, N-channel transistors, P-channel transistors, N-channel field-effect transistors, and P-type field-effect transistors.

[0032] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the microcontroller unit includes a highly integrated 12-bit digital-to-analog converter (DAC), a 16-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC), and a high-precision internal voltage reference module.

[0033] Specifically, such as Figure 8 As shown, the current waveform of the excitation light source in this invention's circuit is illustrated. The horizontal axis represents time (seconds), and the vertical axis represents current (mA). For example, the diagram shows the constant current source circuit driving the excitation light source. The MCU's DAC module is designed to output a 25Hz sine wave with a DC offset. The voltage characteristics of the voltage-controlled constant current source determine the sinusoidal fluctuation of the light source's operating current, with a current change frequency of 25Hz, an offset of 2mA, and an amplitude of 1mA. The average power consumption of the light source is 2mA, accounting for 0.2% to 3.1% of the power consumption before simplification. This invention's circuit has the advantage of power saving and is suitable for application in portable handheld devices.

[0034] As a preferred embodiment of this utility model, the photoelectric sensor collects photocurrent, which is converted into an analog voltage signal by a TIA transimpedance amplifier and input to the ADC module of the MCU for numerical conversion. The ADC result is then subjected to a DFT (Discrete Fourier Transform) operation to calculate and store the amplitude and phase of the fixed frequency components, and uploaded to dedicated data processing software for further analysis. It should also be noted that the DAC output type includes, but is not limited to, a sine wave.

[0035] As a further preferred embodiment of this utility model, the fluorescence detection module includes an emitting light source 101, a collimating lens 102, a first emitting light filter 103, a dichroic mirror 104, a first lens 105, a detection sample 106, a second emitting light filter 107, a second lens 108, an aperture 109, and a photoelectric sensor 110. The emitting light source, the collimating lens, the first emitting light filter, and the dichroic mirror are horizontally arranged along the output light path of the emitting light source. The dichroic mirror is placed at a 45° angle. The first lens and the detection sample are vertically arranged sequentially along the downward reflected light path of the dichroic mirror. The second emitting light filter, the second lens, the aperture 109, and the photoelectric sensor are vertically arranged sequentially along the upward reflected light path of the dichroic mirror.

[0036] Specifically, such as Figure 2 As shown, the light emitted from the light source becomes parallel after passing through a collimating lens. After being filtered by a narrow-band filter, it is reflected by a dichroic mirror positioned at 45° and enters the first focusing lens perpendicularly, forming a light spot on the detection sample. When the lens is circular, the light spot is circular; when the lens is semi-cylindrical, the light spot is square. The emitted light is focused into a light spot to excite the detection sample, which then emits light of a specific wavelength. This emitted light passes through the dichroic mirror, the narrow-band green filter, and then enters the second focusing lens perpendicularly. The focused and constrained emitted light by the aperture is converted by the photoelectric sensor and output as a photocurrent signal.

[0037] It should be noted that optical lenses include, but are not limited to, plano-convex lenses, cylindrical lenses, semi-cylindrical lenses, and spherical lenses; the light-passing aperture shape of the aperture includes, but is not limited to, circular apertures, square apertures, and rectangular apertures; photoelectric sensors include, but are not limited to, photodiodes, PN (silicon) photodiodes, PIN photodiodes, APD avalanche photodiodes, silicon photovoltaic cells, and photomultiplier tubes.

[0038] As a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the fluorescence detection module also includes a reflector 111, which is tilted at a 45° angle and is on the same horizontal optical path as the dichroic mirror.

[0039] Specifically, such as Figure 3As shown, considering the varying needs of engineering applications, the excitation light source supports 90° rotation for installation. Combined with a reflector installed at 45°, the excitation light changes direction and enters the collimating lens, becoming parallel light. After being filtered by a narrow-band filter, it is reflected by a dichroic mirror installed at 45° and enters the first focusing lens perpendicularly, forming a light spot on the detection sample. When the lens is circular, the light spot is circular; when the lens is semi-cylindrical, the light spot is square. The emitted light is focused into a light spot to excite the detection sample, which then emits emitted light of a specific wavelength. This emitted light passes through the dichroic mirror, the narrow-band green filter, and then enters the second focusing lens perpendicularly. The focused emitted light, constrained by an aperture, is converted by a photoelectric sensor and outputs a photocurrent signal.

[0040] This utility model provides a fluorescence detection device that can be used for fluorescence immunoassay, PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction), chemiluminescent microbial detection, fiber optic fluorescence detection, etc. It includes a light source driving circuit with a highly integrated microcontroller unit (MCU) as its core, generating an excitation light source driving circuit control signal whose frequency, amplitude, and DC offset are all adjustable; a typical optical path diagram; a TIA transimpedance amplifier gain circuit in the signal decoding circuit for detecting photocurrent-to-voltage conversion; an ADC and a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT); performing a DFT on the ADC data and storing the results; and the main microcontroller uploading the amplitude and phase of fixed frequency components to dedicated data processing software.

[0041] The working principle of this utility model is as follows:

[0042] 1) The excitation light source is driven by a constant current source LED, using a high-speed, low-power digital-to-analog converter (DAC) and operational amplifier to generate a sine wave of a specific frequency. The frequency is programmable, ranging from DC to 40kHz. The signal amplitude is programmable, up to 100mV, and the DC offset is settable.

[0043] 2) The TIA transimpedance amplifier converts the photocurrent detected by the photoelectric sensor into a voltage signal, which is then processed by a preamplifier signal conditioning circuit, such as a low-pass filter and a gain circuit.

[0044] 3) High-precision ADC acquisition: The analog voltage signal is converted into a digital signal by the ADC, and the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) operation is performed. The result X[k] of the DFT is a complex number representing the amplitude and phase information at frequency k.

[0045] 4) Complex number operations: The MCU calculates the amplitude and phase of the fixed frequency component according to the rules of complex number operations. |X[k]| represents the amplitude of frequency component k, and arg(X[k]) calculates the phase. The MCU uploads the data to the dedicated data processing software.

[0046] In summary, this utility model embodiment provides a circuit for reducing the power consumption of a fluorescence detection module, comprising a microcontroller unit (MCU), a highly integrated 12-bit digital-to-analog converter (DAC), a 16-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC) (sampling rate ≥100KSPS), and a high-precision internal voltage reference; the DAC outputs a fixed-frequency sine wave using a lookup table method, with adjustable frequency, amplitude, and DC offset; the optical path structure includes an excitation light path and an emission light path. The excitation light path includes an LED light source, a collimating lens, an excitation light filter, a dichroic mirror, a first optical lens, and the sample under test; the emission light path includes the sample under test, a first optical lens, a dichroic mirror, an emission light filter, a second optical lens, an aperture, and a photoelectric sensor; the photocurrent is converted into a voltage signal by a TIA transimpedance amplifier, the ADC integrated in the MCU converts the electrical signal into a digital signal, and then performs a DFT operation on the ADC data to calculate the real and imaginary parts respectively. The MCU calculates the amplitude and phase of the emitted light signal according to the rules of complex number arithmetic and uploads it to dedicated data processing software. Compared to circuits that implement sub-functions one by one, this invention eliminates the need for a constant current LED driver chip, a discrete analog-to-digital converter (ADC) chip, and uses DAC digital control to adjust the operating current of the excitation LED, ensuring the stability of the LED operation, facilitating consistent adjustment of the light source during mass production, and reducing the operating current of the excitation LED from 1mA to 3mA, significantly lowering the overall power consumption of the detection module. Furthermore, the modular design reduces development difficulty, saves hardware costs, improves signal quality, and enhances system stability and reliability. As part of a data acquisition system, this circuit is suitable for fluorescence immunoassay systems based on photoelectric detection principles, and can reliably detect the fluorescence signal intensity of samples at different concentrations.

[0047] Therefore, this utility model has the following advantages compared to the prior art:

[0048] 1) Reduce the number of chips used to lower power consumption. By using MCU chips with highly integrated ADC, DAC, and reference voltage sources to replace traditional expensive dedicated function chips / circuit modules, the circuit structure is simplified, the design and development difficulty is reduced, and hardware costs are saved. As a sensor module for weak light signal detection, it converts the physical quantity of the measured object into a digital signal, which facilitates detection and control, thereby improving signal quality and ensuring system reliability and stability.

[0049] 2) Optimizing the power output control mode of the excitation light source significantly reduces power consumption. The high power consumption of the fluorescence detection module is mainly concentrated in the electrical energy consumed by the excitation light source. The power consumption depends on the rated power of the light source, which is further expressed as the product of the actual operating voltage and operating current. For example, the GaN LED chip (model S-55BUPUT-A) from Sanan Optoelectronics Co., Ltd. has a forward DC current IF ≤ 1500mA. Under the condition IF = 500mA, the forward voltage VF = 3.2V~3.6V. There are four common LED power output control modes in the prior art: constant current, constant voltage, constant power, and a combination of both. This invention proposes a sinusoidal current drive for the light source with DC offset, with a minimum operating current ≥ 1mA and a maximum operating current ≤ 3mA. Compared with the constant current mode IF = 100mA~500mA, the energy consumed by the light source is significantly reduced.

[0050] 3) Improving the light transmittance of optical lenses helps reduce the operating power of the excitation light source, thereby reducing power consumption. Measures include, but are not limited to, anti-reflective coating technology to improve light transmittance and glass materials to replace resin materials to improve light transmittance.

[0051] 4) Optimizing measurement strategies and reducing the operating time of the excitation light source helps reduce power consumption. Digital signal processing technology, specifically Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) operations, replaces traditional DC signal smoothing and filtering techniques, significantly reducing the number of analog-to-digital converter (ADC) operations and conversion time. This shortens measurement time and reduces the operating time of the excitation light source, ultimately achieving further reductions in power consumption.

[0052] The above is a detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present utility model. However, the present utility model is not limited to the described embodiments. Those skilled in the art can make various equivalent modifications or substitutions without departing from the spirit of the present utility model. All such equivalent modifications or substitutions are included within the scope defined by the claims of this application.

Claims

1. A circuit for reducing power consumption in fluorescence detection, characterized in that, The device includes a light source driving circuit, a fluorescence detection module, a TIA transimpedance amplifier gain circuit, an interface circuit, and a terminal module. The light source driving circuit and the interface circuit are interconnected, the interface circuit and the terminal module are interconnected, the output terminal of the light source driving circuit is connected to the input terminal of the fluorescence detection module, the output terminal of the fluorescence detection module is connected to the input terminal of the TIA transimpedance amplifier gain circuit, and the output terminal of the TIA transimpedance amplifier gain circuit is connected to the input terminal of the light source driving circuit.

2. The circuit for reducing power consumption in fluorescence detection according to claim 1, characterized in that, The light source driving circuit is a transistor-controlled constant current source driving circuit or a MOSFET-controlled constant current source driving circuit.

3. The circuit for reducing power consumption in fluorescence detection according to claim 2, characterized in that, The transistor-controlled constant current source driving circuit includes a microcontroller unit, a first resistor, a first capacitor, an operational amplifier, a second resistor, a third resistor, a fourth resistor, a transistor, a diode, and an emitting light source. The output terminal of the microcontroller unit is connected to the first terminal of the first resistor. The second terminal of the first resistor and the first terminal of the first capacitor are connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier, and the second terminal of the first capacitor is grounded. The negative input terminal and the output terminal of the operational amplifier are connected to the first terminal of the second resistor. The second terminal of the second resistor and the first terminal of the third resistor are connected to the base of the transistor, and the second terminal of the third resistor is grounded. The emitter of the transistor is grounded. The collector of the transistor and the second terminal of the fourth resistor are connected to the anode of the diode. The cathode of the diode is connected to the anode of the emitting light source, and the cathode of the emitting light source is connected to the first terminal of the fourth resistor.

4. The circuit for reducing power consumption in fluorescence detection according to claim 3, characterized in that, The controlled constant current source driving circuit for the MOS transistor includes a microcontroller unit, a first resistor, a first capacitor, an operational amplifier, a second resistor, a second capacitor, a fifth resistor, a sixth resistor, a MOS transistor, a diode, and an emitting light source. The output terminal of the microcontroller unit is connected to the first terminal of the first resistor. The second terminal of the first resistor and the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier are connected to the first terminal of the first capacitor. The second terminal of the first capacitor is grounded. The negative inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier and the second terminal of the second capacitor are connected to the first terminal of the fifth resistor. The output terminal of the operational amplifier, the first terminal of the second capacitor, and the first terminal of the second resistor are connected to the first terminal of the second resistor. The second terminal of the second resistor is connected to the gate of the MOS transistor. The second terminal of the fifth resistor and the first terminal of the sixth resistor are connected to the source of the MOS transistor. The second terminal of the sixth resistor is grounded. The drain of the MOS transistor and the anode of the diode are connected to the cathode of the emitting light source. The cathode of the diode is connected to the anode of the emitting light source.

5. The circuit for reducing power consumption in fluorescence detection according to claim 4, characterized in that, The microcontroller unit includes a highly integrated 12-bit digital-to-analog converter (DAC), a 16-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC), and a high-precision internal voltage reference module.

6. The circuit for reducing power consumption in fluorescence detection according to claim 5, characterized in that, The fluorescence detection module includes an emitting light source, a collimating lens, a first emitting light filter, a dichroic mirror, a first lens, a detection sample, a second emitting light filter, a second lens, an aperture, and a photoelectric sensor. The emitting light source, the collimating lens, the first emitting light filter, and the dichroic mirror are horizontally arranged along the output light path of the emitting light source. The dichroic mirror is placed at a 45° angle. The first lens and the detection sample are vertically arranged sequentially along the downward reflected light path of the dichroic mirror. The second emitting light filter, the second lens, the aperture, and the photoelectric sensor are vertically arranged sequentially along the upward reflected light path of the dichroic mirror.

7. The circuit for reducing power consumption in fluorescence detection according to claim 6, characterized in that, The fluorescence detection module also includes a reflector, which is tilted at a 45° angle and is on the same horizontal optical path as the dichroic mirror.

8. A fluorescence detection device, characterized in that: Includes the circuit for reducing power consumption in fluorescence detection as described in any one of claims 1-7.

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