Differential gear laser welding tooling

Abstract

This utility model relates to the field of gear processing equipment technology, specifically to a laser welding fixture for differential gears. The specific technical solution is as follows: A laser welding fixture for differential gears includes a control cabinet. The top of the control cabinet is equipped with a Y-axis module, an X-axis module, and a Z-axis module. A gear clamp is mounted on the Y-axis module, and a laser head is vertically mounted on the Z-axis module. A water-cooled pressure plate is mounted above the gear clamp. One end of the water-cooled pressure plate is fixed to a slider. The slider is slidably mounted on a vertically mounted slide rail, which is fixed to a water tank. A drive cylinder is mounted at the bottom of the slider, and a pressure plate cylinder is mounted beside the water-cooled pressure plate. The output end of the pressure plate cylinder is connected to the water tank. This utility model solves the problem of damage to the protective pressure plate due to high temperature in the prior art.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of gear processing equipment technology, specifically to a laser welding fixture for differential gears. Background Technology

[0002] When welding gears, a protective pressure plate is installed on top of the gear. However, because the protective pressure plate is close to the welding area, the high temperatures generated during welding can severely damage it, reducing its service life. Furthermore, slag inclusions caused by high-temperature burning at the protective pressure plate location can easily cause spattering during welding, affecting product quality. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this utility model provides a laser welding fixture for differential gears, which solves the problem of damage to the protective pressure plate caused by high temperature in existing technologies.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution:

[0005] This utility model discloses a differential gear laser welding fixture, including a control cabinet. The top of the control cabinet is provided with a Y-axis module, an X-axis module, and a Z-axis module. A gear fixture is provided on the Y-axis module, and a laser head is vertically provided on the Z-axis module. A water-cooled pressure plate is provided above the gear fixture. One end of the water-cooled pressure plate is fixed to a slider. The slider is slidably mounted on a vertically arranged slide rail, which is fixed to a water tank. A drive cylinder is provided at the bottom of the slider, and a pressure plate cylinder is provided next to the water-cooled pressure plate. The output end of the pressure plate cylinder is connected to the water tank.

[0006] Preferably, the water-cooled pressure plate includes a connecting part and a water-cooling part. A through hole is provided at the center of the water-cooling part. The through hole is conical with the larger diameter section facing upward. A water-cooling channel is provided around the through hole inside the plate surface of the water-cooling part. The two ends of the water-cooling channel extend out from the connecting part as a water inlet and a water outlet.

[0007] Preferably, the connecting part is fixed to the slider, and the slider is provided with an inlet and an outlet corresponding to the water inlet and the water outlet, and the inlet and outlet are connected to the water tank.

[0008] Preferably, the gear clamp and the pressure plate cylinder are fixed on the mounting plate. The gear clamp includes a gear fixing sleeve and a fixing plate that are parallel to each other. A clamping cylinder is provided on the fixing plate. The output end of the clamping cylinder passes through the fixing plate and is connected to a gear movable sleeve. The gear movable sleeve is correspondingly arranged with the gear fixing sleeve.

[0009] Preferably, the top of the gear fixed sleeve and the gear movable sleeve are respectively provided with clamping copper sleeves.

[0010] Preferably, a first laser displacement sensor is vertically arranged on the Z-axis module, and a second laser displacement sensor is arranged between the gear movable sleeve and the gear fixed sleeve. When the gear is fixed between the gear movable sleeve and the gear fixed sleeve, one end of the second laser displacement sensor extends into the gear and is located at the axis of the gear.

[0011] Preferably, the gear clamp is disposed inside a dust cover, and the top of the dust cover has a hole for clamping the protruding copper sleeve.

[0012] Preferably, a direct-blowing tube is provided at the bottom of the laser head, and a fume hood is provided at the bottom end of the direct-blowing tube.

[0013] Preferably, the direct-blowing tube is frustum-shaped with the smaller diameter end facing downwards and is connected to the fume hood.

[0014] This utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0015] This invention, by incorporating a water-cooling channel within the water-cooled pressure plate, lowers the plate's temperature during welding by circulating water. This significantly extends the plate's lifespan (preventing damage from prolonged high temperatures), reduces welding damage and spatter, and improves overall welding quality. Simultaneously, a first laser displacement sensor and a second laser displacement sensor are installed beside the laser head, between the gear's fixed and movable sleeves. These sensors detect the distance between the gear's welding surfaces, the gear tooth thickness, and the size of its inner bore to determine the gear's type. Only qualified products are then welded. This eliminates the need for additional gear type testing and defective product screening; simply installing two laser displacement sensors on the welding fixture disclosed in this invention allows for rapid gear detection and screening. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model;

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a gear clamp structure;

[0018] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram after removing the dust cover;

[0019] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the water-cooled pressure plate;

[0020] Figure 5 This is a structural view of a direct-blowing tube;

[0021] Figure 6 A schematic diagram showing the placement of the two laser displacement sensors;

[0022] In the diagram: 1. Control cabinet; 2. Y-axis module; 3. X-axis module; 4. Z-axis module; 5. Laser head; 6. Water-cooled pressure plate; 7. Slider; 8. Slide rail; 9. Water tank; 10. Drive cylinder; 11. Pressure plate cylinder; 12. Connecting part; 13. Water-cooling part; 14. Through hole; 15. Water-cooling channel; 16. Mounting plate; 17. Gear fixing sleeve; 18. Fixing plate; 19. Clamping cylinder; 20. Gear movable sleeve; 21. Clamping copper sleeve; 22. First laser displacement sensor; 23. Second laser displacement sensor; 24. Dust cover; 25. Straight blowing tube; 26. Fume hood. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0024] Unless otherwise specified, the technical means used in the embodiments are conventional means well known to those skilled in the art. Furthermore, when the specific structure of a structure involved in this utility model is not described, it refers to an existing structure.

[0025] refer to Figures 1-6 This utility model discloses a laser welding fixture for differential gears, including a control cabinet 1. The top of the control cabinet 1 is equipped with a Y-axis module 2, an X-axis module 3, and a Z-axis module 4. These three modules are existing technologies and their specific structures will not be described in detail. A gear clamp is mounted on the Y-axis module 2, which can reciprocate along the Y-axis module. A laser head 5 is vertically mounted on the Z-axis module 4. Under the action of the Z-axis and X-axis modules, the laser head can flexibly adjust its position relative to the gear held in the gear clamp, thereby completing the welding. However, during the welding process, the pressure plate above the gear clamp is easily damaged due to its close contact distance and high welding temperature, resulting in a short lifespan. Furthermore, slag inclusions caused by high-temperature burning damage at the pressure plate location can easily cause spatter in the welding area during welding, affecting product quality. Therefore, this utility model sets the pressure plate as a water-cooled pressure plate, that is, a water-cooled pressure plate 6 is set above the gear clamp, one end of the water-cooled pressure plate 6 is fixed to the slider 7, the slider 7 is slidably set on the vertically set slide rail 8, the slide rail 8 is fixed to the water tank 9, a drive cylinder 10 is set at the bottom of the slider 7, and a pressure plate cylinder 11 is set on the side of the water-cooled pressure plate 6, the output end of the pressure plate cylinder 11 is connected to the water tank 9. It should be noted that: the water-cooled pressure plate can move up and down under the action of the drive cylinder, and can move horizontally under the action of the pressure plate cylinder. Therefore, the position of the water-cooled pressure plate can be flexibly adjusted according to the position of the gear on the gear clamp, so that it is above the gear.

[0026] During welding operations, to cool the water-cooled pressure plate 6, the water-cooled pressure plate 6 includes a connecting part 12 and a water-cooling part 13. A through hole 14 is provided at the center of the water-cooling part 13. The through hole 14 is tapered, with the larger diameter section facing upwards. In use, the through hole corresponds to the head of the gear. A water-cooling channel 15 is provided around the through hole 14 within the surface of the water-cooling part 13. Both ends of the water-cooling channel 15 extend from the connecting part 12, serving as an inlet and an outlet for water. Figure 4 As shown. Simultaneously, the connecting part 12 is fixed to the slider 7. The slider 7 is provided with an inlet and an outlet corresponding to the water inlet and outlet, respectively. The inlet and outlet are connected to the water tank 9. The connection between the water tank and the inlet and outlet is a conventional design, such as a flexible hose connection. To prevent the water-cooled pressure plate from affecting the hose during its vertical movement, a groove for accommodating the hose is provided on the outer wall of the water tank; or a hole communicating with the inlet and outlet is provided at the bottom of the slider, connecting the bottom of the slider to the water tank via a flexible hose. This ensures that the water-cooled pressure plate does not affect the hose during its vertical movement, and that after the water-cooled pressure plate reaches the designated position, water can be injected into the water-cooled pressure plate by the water pump inside the water tank, flowing into the water tank from the outlet. This continuous water inlet and outlet circulation in the water-cooling channel achieves the purpose of cooling the water-cooled pressure plate, significantly extending its service life (due to long-term high-temperature damage), reducing welding damage, reducing welding spatter, and improving product welding quality.

[0027] Furthermore, the gear clamp and pressure plate cylinder 11 are fixed on the mounting plate 16. The gear clamp includes a gear fixing sleeve 17 and a fixing plate 18 that are parallel to each other. A clamping cylinder 19 is provided on the fixing plate 18. The output end of the clamping cylinder 19 passes through the fixing plate 18 and is connected to a gear movable sleeve 20. The gear movable sleeve 20 is correspondingly arranged with the gear fixing sleeve 17. It should be noted that the gear is fixed between the two sleeves by the gear movable sleeve and the gear fixing sleeve. The corresponding surfaces of the gear movable sleeve and the gear fixing sleeve are arc surfaces, and the axis of the arc surface is perpendicular to the mounting plate.

[0028] Furthermore, clamping copper sleeves 21 are respectively provided on the top of the gear fixing sleeve 17 and the gear movable sleeve 20 to assist in fixing the gear. The arc surface of the clamping copper sleeve corresponds vertically to the arc surface on the gear fixing sleeve and the gear movable sleeve and is the same size.

[0029] Furthermore, a first laser displacement sensor 22 is vertically mounted on the Z-axis module 4, and a second laser displacement sensor 23 is positioned between the gear movable sleeve 20 and the gear fixed sleeve 17. When the gear is fixed between the gear movable sleeve 20 and the gear fixed sleeve 17, one end of the second laser displacement sensor 23 extends into the gear and is located at the gear's axis. Under the action of the X-axis and Y-axis modules, the Z-axis module moves the first laser displacement sensor to above the gear head on the fixture, illuminating the gear and measuring the distance between the gear welding surfaces and the gear tooth thickness to determine the gear type. After passing the inspection, normal welding is performed. Simultaneously, the second laser displacement sensor outputs a laser to irradiate the inner wall of the gear's inner hole, detecting the inner hole size at this height. Different gears have different inner diameters, and the gear type is determined based on the inner diameter size. After passing the inspection, the next step is performed.

[0030] Furthermore, the gear clamp is installed inside the dust cover 24, and the top of the dust cover 24 has a hole for clamping the copper sleeve 21 to extend out, so as to prevent the spatter generated during the welding process from scattering everywhere.

[0031] Furthermore, a direct-blowing cylinder 25 is provided at the bottom of the laser head 5, and a fume hood 26 is provided at the bottom end of the direct-blowing cylinder 25. The direct-blowing cylinder 25 is frustoconical, with its smaller diameter end facing downwards, and is connected to the fume hood 26. The direct-blowing cylinder can reduce the temperature conducted by the laser head during welding.

[0032] When using this invention, the clamping cylinder clamps the copper sleeve, gear movable sleeve, and gear fixed sleeve to fix the gear. At this time, the second laser displacement sensor outputs a laser to irradiate the inner wall of the inner hole, detecting the inner hole size at this height. Based on the inner diameter, the type or model of the gear is determined. If it passes the test, the next step is performed. Then, the first laser displacement sensor is moved above the gear teeth to measure the distance between the gear welding surfaces and the gear tooth thickness to determine the gear model. After passing the test, under the action of the drive cylinder and the pressure plate cylinder, the water-cooled pressure plate is moved above the gear and pressed down on the gear surface. Water is circulated through the water-cooling channel, and then the laser head begins welding. The straight-blowing cylinder and water-cooled pressure plate improve the service life of the water-cooled pressure plate, reduce the temperature conducted by the laser head during welding, reduce welding spatter caused by damage to the water-cooled pressure plate due to prolonged high temperature, reduce overall laser head problems, and ensure welding penetration.

[0033] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.

[0034] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present utility model and are not intended to limit the scope of the present utility model. Various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present utility model by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present utility model should fall within the protection scope defined by the claims of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A differential gear laser welding fixture, comprising a control cabinet (1), wherein a Y-axis module (2), an X-axis module (3), and a Z-axis module (4) are disposed on the top of the control cabinet (1), characterized in that: The Y-axis module (2) is equipped with a gear clamp, and the Z-axis module (4) is vertically equipped with a laser head (5). A water-cooled pressure plate (6) is provided above the gear clamp. One end of the water-cooled pressure plate (6) is fixed on a slider (7). The slider (7) is slidably mounted on a vertically mounted slide rail (8). The slide rail (8) is fixed on a water tank (9). A drive cylinder (10) is provided at the bottom of the slider (7). A pressure plate cylinder (11) is provided on the side of the water-cooled pressure plate (6). The output end of the pressure plate cylinder (11) is connected to the water tank (9).

2. The differential gear laser welding fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water-cooled pressure plate (6) includes a connecting part (12) and a water-cooled part (13). A through hole (14) is provided at the center of the water-cooled part (13). The through hole (14) is conical with the large diameter section facing upward. A water-cooled channel (15) is provided around the through hole (14) inside the plate surface of the water-cooled part (13). The two ends of the water-cooled channel (15) pass through the connecting part (12) and serve as the water inlet and water outlet.

3. The differential gear laser welding fixture according to claim 2, characterized in that: The connecting part (12) is fixed to the slider (7). The slider (7) is provided with an inlet and an outlet corresponding to the water inlet and the water outlet. The inlet and outlet are connected to the water tank (9).

4. The differential gear laser welding fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gear clamp and pressure plate cylinder (11) are fixed on the mounting plate (16). The gear clamp includes a gear fixed sleeve (17) and a fixed plate (18) that are parallel to each other. A clamping cylinder (19) is provided on the fixed plate (18). The output end of the clamping cylinder (19) passes through the fixed plate (18) and is connected to a gear movable sleeve (20). The gear movable sleeve (20) is correspondingly provided with the gear fixed sleeve (17).

5. The differential gear laser welding fixture according to claim 4, characterized in that: The top of the gear fixed sleeve (17) and the gear movable sleeve (20) are respectively provided with clamping copper sleeves (21).

6. The differential gear laser welding fixture according to claim 4, characterized in that: A first laser displacement sensor (22) is vertically arranged on the Z-axis module (4), and a second laser displacement sensor (23) is arranged between the gear movable sleeve (20) and the gear fixed sleeve (17). When the gear is fixed between the gear movable sleeve (20) and the gear fixed sleeve (17), one end of the second laser displacement sensor (23) extends into the gear and is located at the axis of the gear.

7. The differential gear laser welding fixture according to claim 5, characterized in that: The gear clamp is installed inside the dust cover (24), and the top of the dust cover (24) has a hole for clamping the copper sleeve (21) to extend out.

8. The differential gear laser welding fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the laser head (5) is provided with a direct blow tube (25), and the bottom end of the direct blow tube (25) is provided with a smoke hood (26).

9. A laser welding fixture for differential gears according to claim 8, characterized in that: The direct-blowing tube (25) is frustum-shaped with the smaller diameter end facing down and is connected to the fume hood (26).

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