High efficiency crude oil stabilizer tower

Abstract

This utility model discloses a high-efficiency crude oil stabilization tower, including a shell, a crude oil inlet and multiple sieve plates on the shell, and a distributor between the crude oil inlet and the sieve plates. The distributor includes a horizontally arranged distribution channel and multiple vertically arranged spray channels. The distribution channel has multiple channels, and the multiple channels correspond to the multiple spray channels. Each of the multiple spray channels has an overflow hole. In this high-efficiency crude oil stabilization tower, crude oil enters the shell through the crude oil inlet and flows into the distribution channel. Subsequently, the crude oil flows into the multiple spray channels through the multiple channels, so that the crude oil is distributed to various positions on the sieve plates through the overflow holes on the multiple spray channels, minimizing the accumulation of high-viscosity crude oil on the uppermost sieve plate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of crude oil stabilization technology, specifically to a high-efficiency crude oil stabilization tower. Background Technology

[0002] After entering the station, the crude oil from the wellhead undergoes preliminary crude oil stabilization treatment. By recovering light hydrocarbon components such as C1 to C4, the environmental pollution caused by crude oil volatilization is reduced, environmental protection requirements are met, and the emission of volatile organic compounds is reduced.

[0003] The separated light hydrocarbon components (such as natural gas) can be pressurized by a compressor and sent to a natural gas processing plant for deacidification and dehydration; the stabilized crude oil has a lower content of light components, making it more suitable for further processing in a refinery.

[0004] For example, the patent document with authorization announcement number CN219840631U, authorization announcement date October 17, 2023, and titled "A High-Yield Crude Oil Stabilizing Tower" includes a tower body with an internal channel for crude oil flow. Along the direction of gravity, from top to bottom, the tower body is provided with a gas outlet, a crude oil inlet, and a crude oil outlet. Several baffles are installed alternately between the crude oil inlet and the crude oil outlet to form a flow channel for crude oil flow.

[0005] In existing technologies, crude oil overflows onto multi-layer sieve plates for gas-liquid separation. Due to the high viscosity of crude oil, it tends to accumulate on the top sieve plate when directly discharged into the tower, which obviously affects the separation of the gas and liquid phases. Utility Model Content

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a high-efficiency crude oil stabilization tower to address the aforementioned shortcomings in the prior art.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution:

[0008] A high-efficiency crude oil stabilization tower includes a shell, on which a crude oil inlet and multiple sieve plates are provided. A distributor is provided between the crude oil inlet and the sieve plates. The distributor includes a horizontally arranged distribution groove and multiple vertically arranged spray grooves. The distribution groove is constructed with multiple channels, and the multiple channels correspond to the multiple spray grooves respectively. Each of the multiple spray grooves is constructed with an overflow hole.

[0009] The aforementioned high-efficiency crude oil stabilization tower includes an upper sieve plate and a lower sieve plate.

[0010] The aforementioned high-efficiency crude oil stabilization tower has an air riser installed on the upper sieve plate.

[0011] The aforementioned high-efficiency crude oil stabilization tower has a gas lift cylinder diameter of 200 mm.

[0012] The aforementioned high-efficiency crude oil stabilization tower has a gas outlet and a demister on its shell.

[0013] The aforementioned high-efficiency crude oil stabilization tower has a crude oil outlet and an anti-vortex cover on its shell.

[0014] The aforementioned high-efficiency crude oil stabilization tower is equipped with a safety valve outlet and a pressure gauge on its shell.

[0015] The aforementioned high-efficiency crude oil stabilization tower has a differential pressure gauge installed on its shell.

[0016] The aforementioned high-efficiency crude oil stabilization tower has a temperature gauge installed on its shell.

[0017] The aforementioned high-efficiency crude oil stabilization tower has a level gauge installed on its shell.

[0018] In the above technical solution, the present invention provides a high-efficiency crude oil stabilization tower. Crude oil enters the shell through the crude oil inlet and is discharged into the distribution tank. Then, the crude oil flows into multiple spray tanks through multiple channels, so that the crude oil is distributed to various positions of the screen plate through the overflow holes on the multiple spray tanks, so as to avoid the accumulation of crude oil with high viscosity on the uppermost screen plate as much as possible. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0020] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure provided for an embodiment of this utility model;

[0021] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the distributor structure provided in an embodiment of this utility model;

[0022] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the distribution slot structure provided in an embodiment of this utility model;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the air cylinder structure provided in an embodiment of the present utility model.

[0024] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0025] 1. Crude oil inlet; 2. Distributor; 21. Distribution tank; 22. Spray tank; 23. Channel; 24. Overflow hole; 3. Gas outlet; 4. Demister; 5. Upper screen plate; 6. Lower screen plate; 7. Anti-vortex cover; 8. Crude oil outlet; 9. Safety valve outlet; 10. Pressure gauge; 11. Differential pressure gauge; 12. Thermometer; 13. Level gauge; 14. Shell; 15. Air riser; 16. Conical top plate; 17. Sliding rod; 18. Float. Detailed Implementation

[0026] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of this utility model, the present utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0027] Reference Figure 1-4 This utility model provides a high-efficiency crude oil stabilization tower, including a shell 14. The shell 14 is provided with a crude oil inlet 1 and a multi-layer sieve plate. A distributor 2 is provided between the crude oil inlet 1 and the sieve plate. The distributor 2 includes a horizontally arranged distribution groove 21 and a plurality of vertically arranged spray grooves 22. The distribution groove 21 is constructed with a plurality of channels 23, and the plurality of channels correspond to the plurality of spray grooves 22 respectively. Each of the plurality of spray grooves 22 is constructed with an overflow hole 24.

[0028] Specifically, the light hydrocarbon components in crude oil are flammable and explosive. After being processed by a stabilization tower, the volatility of crude oil is reduced, thereby reducing the risk of fire and explosion, lowering the saturated vapor pressure of crude oil, and improving the safety of crude oil in storage and transportation projects. Using a stabilization tower to separate the gas and liquid of crude oil to improve its stability is an existing technology, which will not be elaborated here. The innovation of this embodiment lies in the fact that a distributor 2 is set between the crude oil inlet 1 and the screen plate. The distributor 2 includes a distribution trough 21 and multiple spray troughs 22. The distribution trough 21 is arranged horizontally, and the multiple spray troughs 22 are arranged vertically. The distribution trough 21 is located at the top of the spray troughs 22. After the crude oil enters the housing 14 through the crude oil inlet 1, it first enters the distribution trough 21 of the distributor 2. When the liquid level of the crude oil in the distribution trough 21 exceeds the height of the orifice 23, the crude oil enters the multiple spray troughs 22 through the multiple orifices 23. Until the liquid level in the corresponding spray trough 22 exceeds the height of the overflow hole 24, the crude oil overflows through the multiple overflow holes 24 and is sprayed onto the uppermost screen plate, thereby distributing the crude oil entering the housing 14 and minimizing the accumulation of crude oil on the uppermost screen plate after entering the housing 14. In the prior art, crude oil is directly discharged onto the screen plate through a pipe. Obviously, crude oil will accumulate at the landing point on the screen plate. However, in this embodiment, by setting the distributor 2, the crude oil can flow smoothly to the next screen plate.

[0029] When crude oil passes through the overflow hole 24 of the spray tank 22, the recommended spray density is 40 m³ / s. 3 / (m 2·h)~80m 3 / (m 2 By adjusting the configuration of internal components such as the sieve plate in the housing 14, the spray density can be increased to 120 m³ / h. 3 / (m 2 ·h); The diameter of the shell 14 is controlled based on the following formula:

[0030]

[0031] In the formula: D is the diameter of the shell (14), in meters; Q l This refers to the feed liquid volume, in meters (m³). 3 / h; L is the spray density, in m³. 3 / (m 2 Based on the above formula, it can be concluded that by adjusting the form of the internal components, the spray density can be increased, thereby reducing the diameter of the shell 14 and thus increasing economic benefits.

[0032] In another embodiment of this utility model, the sieve plate further includes an upper sieve plate 5 and a lower sieve plate 6 (e.g., ...). Figure 1 As shown, the tray structure consists of three upper sieve plates 5 and three lower sieve plates 6. Specifically, in this embodiment, the sieve plates adopt a combined structure. An air lift cylinder 15 is provided on the upper sieve plate 5, preferably with a diameter of 200mm. The air lift cylinder is used for gas passage. The sieve holes of the upper sieve plate 5 are preferably 12-18mm to prevent heavy oil from clogging the sieve holes. Optionally, a 100mm high weir plate is provided on the multi-layer sieve plate to prevent flooding. The air lift cylinder 15 is embedded in the upper sieve plate 5, and a conical top plate 16 is constructed at the top of the air lift cylinder 15 to allow gas to pass through the bottom of the upper sieve plate 5. The gas passes through the upper screen plate 5 via the gas lift cylinder 15. The gas passing through the gas lift cylinder 15 is restricted by the conical top plate 16 and flows to the surface of the crude oil on the upper screen plate 5, thereby allowing the gas and liquid to come into further contact. After the crude oil passes through the upper screen plate 5, a large amount of gas is removed in the upper screen plate 5, realizing the flash evaporation of the crude oil. In the lower screen plate 6, acidic gases such as H2S and CO2 in the crude oil can be removed, reducing the content of corrosive media in the crude oil, improving the safety of the crude oil, and reducing safety hazards in the production, storage and transportation process.

[0033] The advantage lies in the fact that a certain thickness of liquid layer on a multi-layered sieve plate ensures sufficient residence time for the gas, allowing ample time for mass and heat exchange between the gas and liquid phases. This improves mass transfer efficiency, allowing more volatile components to transfer from the liquid phase to the gas phase more effectively, while less volatile components remain largely in the liquid phase. During gas-liquid contact, some gas is absorbed or dissolved by the liquid, while the unabsorbed gas continues to rise into the next sieve plate. Due to gravity, the liquid in the liquid layer forms a specific flow path on the sieve plate, eventually flowing to the next sieve plate, thus achieving gas-liquid separation. The liquid layer also acts as a buffer and stabilizer for the gas flow, ensuring a more uniform gas distribution as it passes through the sieve openings. This prevents instability such as gas short-circuiting or excessive local flow, contributing to the stable operation of the sieve plate and the entire tower equipment.

[0034] The preferred screen aperture size in the multi-layer sieve plate is 12-18mm, and the weir plate height is 100mm. The thickness of the liquid layer should be kept as low as 50mm to reduce the resistance to flash vapor release, improve the gas-liquid separation effect, and prevent flooding. At the same time, a 200mm air riser 15 is set to increase the gas flow area.

[0035] Preferably, the conical top plate 16 is provided with a sliding rod 17, and the outer wall of the air cylinder 15 is provided with a sliding groove. The sliding rod 17 is slidably connected in the sliding groove so that the conical top plate 16 can move closer to or away from the air cylinder 15 along the sliding groove. A float ball 18 is fixed to the end of the sliding rod 17 away from the conical top plate 16. Specifically, in the above embodiment, the conical top plate 16 can be directly fixed to the air lift cylinder 15 to guide the gas. In this embodiment, the conical top plate 16 is slidably connected to the air lift cylinder 15 via a sliding rod 17 (the sliding rod 17 does not affect the gas passing between the air lift cylinder 15 and the conical top plate 16), and a float ball 18 is provided on the sliding rod 17. When no crude oil passes through the upper screen plate 5, the sliding rod 17 is at the bottom of the chute. When crude oil passes through the upper screen plate 5, the liquid layer thickness on the upper screen plate 5 is generally no more than 50mm. At this time, the float ball 18 floats on the liquid layer, thereby driving the sliding rod 17 to rise along the chute and driving the conical top plate 16 away from the air lift cylinder 15. When the liquid layer thickness on the upper screen plate 5 changes, the float ball 18 rises and falls with the liquid level to drive the conical top plate 16 to rise and fall. The advantage of this arrangement is that... When the gas flows upward in the riser 15, it impacts the conical top plate 16. Correspondingly, the conical top plate 16 can buffer the rising gas and guide the airflow to the liquid surface, thereby stabilizing the airflow and increasing the gas-liquid contact time. This allows the less volatile components in the gas to remain in the liquid, while the more volatile components in the liquid are transferred to the gas, further improving the mass transfer efficiency. Since the float 18 can rise and fall with the thickness of the crude oil liquid layer on the upper screen plate 5, the conical top plate 16 can maintain a certain distance from the liquid surface, thereby maintaining the gas-liquid contact time. This avoids situations where the conical top plate 16 is too close to the liquid surface when the thickness of the liquid layer on the upper screen plate 5 changes, causing gas disturbance to the crude oil, or where the conical top plate 16 is too far from the liquid surface, causing the gas-liquid contact time to be too short.

[0036] Furthermore, the housing 14 is provided with an air outlet 3 and a demister 4. The housing 14 is provided with an crude oil outlet 8 and an anti-vortex cover 7. The housing 14 is provided with a safety valve outlet 9 and a pressure gauge 10. Specifically, in the housing 14, the separated gas moves to the top of the housing 14 and is discharged from the housing 14 through the gas outlet 3. A demister 4 (this is prior art and will not be described in detail here) is installed at the gas outlet 3. The demister 4 can remove droplets larger than 8 micrometers from the gas. The gas with the droplets removed is sent to the downstream compressor system through the gas outlet 3 for the recovery and utilization of light hydrocarbons. The separated liquid moves to the bottom of the housing 14 and is discharged through the crude oil outlet 8. An anti-vortex cover 7 is installed at the crude oil outlet 8 to prevent the liquid from carrying away the gas during discharge. After being discharged through the crude oil outlet 8, the liquid is transported to the downstream crude oil storage tank for storage or external export. The safety valve outlet 9 and the pressure gauge 10 are located above the housing 14. The pressure gauge 10 can monitor the pressure inside the housing 14 in real time. When the pressure inside the housing 14 is too high, the excess gas can be discharged through the safety valve outlet 9 to avoid overload of the device.

[0037] Furthermore, a differential pressure gauge 11, a temperature gauge 12, and a level gauge 13 are all installed on the housing 14. Specifically, multiple differential pressure gauges 11 are installed on the housing 14 to monitor the pressure at different locations within the housing 14, allowing for observation of whether the pressure difference at various points within the housing 14 meets the requirements, facilitating timely control of the device operation. The temperature gauge 12 is used to monitor the temperature within the housing 14, and the level gauge 13 is used to monitor the crude oil level at the bottom of the housing 14, thereby analyzing the device's operating status.

[0038] In the crude oil stabilization process, operating pressure plays a crucial role in the separation efficiency of crude oil stabilization, the heating temperature of the crude oil stabilizer tower, and the gas-liquid balance on each tray. Therefore, the principle of designing the internal components of the crude oil stabilizer tower is to minimize the pressure drop. This prevents excessive pressure drop from increasing resistance to gas flow through the trays, reducing gas velocity, affecting gas-liquid contact and mass transfer, and requiring the system to consume more energy to maintain gas flow. Excessive pressure drop also increases the load on gas conveying equipment (such as compressors), leading to increased energy consumption. Therefore, detailed calculations of the pressure drop for each internal component are necessary. The calculation method is as follows:

[0039] The formula for calculating the pressure drop of a single sieve plate is as follows:

[0040]

[0041] In the formula: △P1 is the pressure drop of a single sieve plate, in meters of liquid column; K5 is a dimensional constant, with a value of 7.62; K6 is a dimensional constant, with a value of 30.58; v is the velocity of gas flowing through the window area, in meters per second; Qg is the volume of gas passing through the window area, in cubic meters per second. 3 / h; As represents the area of ​​the windowed area, in square meters. 2 .

[0042] Voltage drop calculation for distributor 2:

[0043] △P2=ρ g v g,in 2

[0044] In the formula: ΔP2 is the voltage drop of distributor 2, in Pa; V g,in The inlet two-phase flow velocity is expressed in meters per second (m). 3 / s; ρg is the density of the inlet two-phase flow, in kg / m³. 3 .

[0045] Calculation of pressure drop in demister 4:

[0046]

[0047] In the formula: △P3 is the pressure drop of demister 4, in Pa; K V The single-blade constant is 15; ρ g This refers to the density of a gas, expressed in kg / m³. 3 ;ρ o This refers to the density of crude oil, expressed in kg / m³. 3 NFA is the net free area of ​​the perforated plate (recommended 20%), in m². 2 ;λ v Qg is the gas load factor, in m / s; Qg is the gas flow rate in m³ / s. 3 / s.

[0048] Total pressure drop of tower internals

[0049] △P=△P1+△P2+△P3

[0050] Note: It is recommended that ΔP ≤ 5 kPa to prevent excessive pressure drop, which could increase the load on gas conveying equipment (such as compressors) and lead to increased energy consumption.

[0051] The foregoing description only illustrates certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention. Undoubtedly, those skilled in the art can modify the described embodiments in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the above drawings and descriptions are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency crude oil stabilization tower, comprising a shell, wherein the shell is provided with a crude oil inlet and multiple layers of sieve plates, characterized in that, A distributor is provided between the crude oil inlet and the screen plate. The distributor includes a horizontally arranged distribution groove and a plurality of vertically arranged spray grooves. The distribution groove has a plurality of channels, which correspond to the plurality of spray grooves respectively. Each of the plurality of spray grooves has an overflow hole.

2. The high-efficiency crude oil stabilization tower according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sieve plate includes an upper sieve plate and a lower sieve plate.

3. The high-efficiency crude oil stabilization tower according to claim 2, characterized in that, An air lift cylinder is provided on the upper sieve plate.

4. The high-efficiency crude oil stabilization tower according to claim 3, characterized in that, The diameter of the air lift cylinder is 200mm.

5. The high-efficiency crude oil stabilization tower according to claim 1, characterized in that, The housing is equipped with an air outlet and a demister.

6. The high-efficiency crude oil stabilization tower according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shell is equipped with a crude oil outlet and a vortex shield.

7. The high-efficiency crude oil stabilization tower according to claim 1, characterized in that, The housing is equipped with a safety valve outlet and a pressure gauge.

8. The high-efficiency crude oil stabilization tower according to claim 7, characterized in that, A differential pressure gauge is installed on the housing.

9. The high-efficiency crude oil stabilization tower according to claim 1, characterized in that, A temperature gauge is installed on the housing.

10. A high-efficiency crude oil stabilization tower according to claim 1, characterized in that, A level gauge is installed on the housing.

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