A device for remote and accurate measurement of rainfall runoff and soil erosion

Abstract

The utility model discloses a rainfall slope surface runoff and soil erosion amount remote precision measuring device relates to the prevention and cure field of water and soil loss. This rainfall slope surface runoff and soil erosion amount remote precision measuring device, including measurement unit and rainwater collection unit, measurement unit is including water tank and silt collection box, the silt collection box is arranged in the inside of water tank, and the inner wall of water tank is fixedly installed with electronic scale, and the inner bottom wall of silt collection box is laid with geotextile, and rainwater collection unit is arranged at the side of water tank, is used for the collection of rainwater and diversion to silt collection box. This rainfall slope surface runoff and soil erosion amount remote precision measuring device, adopts the accurate measurement of the rainfall soil erosion and slope surface runoff of test area to weighing method, water level measurement, is convenient for understanding the relationship between the slope surface runoff and soil erosion of test area under certain rainfall intensity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of soil and water conservation technology, specifically a remote and precise measurement device for rainfall slope runoff and soil erosion. Background Technology

[0002] In soil and water conservation work, it is often necessary to monitor the soil erosion in the test area. The method of measuring rods is mostly adopted, which involves driving steel rods of a certain length vertically into the ground at certain intervals in the selected slope sample plots, so that the top of the steel rod is a certain distance from the slope surface, and then painting the steel rods above the slope surface.

[0003] After each test cycle, the height of the nail head above the ground is observed to calculate the soil erosion thickness and amount. While this method is simple and practical, it suffers from significant measurement errors and requires manual on-site measurement each time, hindering timely and efficient data acquisition. To improve the accuracy of soil erosion monitoring and reduce the cost of manual monitoring, it is necessary to utilize remote soil erosion monitoring devices to achieve precise remote monitoring. Utility Model Content

[0004] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a remote and precise measurement device for rainfall slope runoff and soil erosion. This solves the problem of existing methods that rely on observing the height of the nail head above the ground after each test cycle to calculate soil erosion thickness and amount. While this method is simple and practical, it suffers from significant measurement errors and requires manual on-site measurement each time, hindering timely and efficient acquisition of monitoring results.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides a remote and precise measurement device for rainfall slope runoff and soil erosion, comprising:

[0006] The measuring unit includes a water tank and a sediment collection box. The sediment collection box is located inside the water tank, and an electronic scale is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the water tank. The sediment collection box is located above the electronic scale. A soil moisture sensor is installed inside the sediment collection box, and geotextile is laid on the inner bottom wall of the sediment collection box. A water-permeable mesh structure is opened at the bottom of the sediment collection box. Sediment in the muddy water is blocked and retained in the sediment collection box by the geotextile, while rainwater permeates the geotextile and falls into the water tank through the water-permeable mesh structure. An automatic water level measuring instrument is installed inside the water tank. The soil moisture sensor and the automatic water level measuring instrument can respectively detect the volumetric water content of the sediment in the sediment collection box and the water level in the water tank.

[0007] The rainwater harvesting unit, located on the side of the water tank, is used to collect rainwater and guide it to the sediment collection tank.

[0008] Preferably, the water tank has a removable rain cover on top for collecting rainwater runoff from the slope of the test area during rainfall.

[0009] Preferably, a drain pipe is installed at the bottom of the water tank, and a first electrically controlled valve is installed on the drain pipe.

[0010] Preferably, the rainwater collection unit includes a rainwater diversion channel and a second electrically controlled valve. The rainwater diversion channel is located on the side away from the drain pipe, and the bottom port of the rainwater diversion channel is fixed above the sediment collection box. The second electrically controlled valve is located at the bottom port of the rainwater diversion channel.

[0011] Preferably, the rainwater diversion channel is fixedly installed downstream of the rainfall erosion test area, and the side opening can collect rainwater and sediment mixture, and the top is equipped with a detachable top cover.

[0012] Preferably, a drainage channel is provided on the outside of the rainwater diversion channel, and when the second electrically controlled valve is closed, the rainwater and sediment mixture is discharged through the drainage channel.

[0013] Preferably, a central control unit is also provided on the side of the measuring unit away from the rainwater diversion channel. The central control unit includes a central control box, which is equipped with a power supply and wireless transmission module, a soil moisture sensor data acquisition module, an electric valve control module, an automatic rain gauge data acquisition module, an automatic water level acquisition module, and an electronic scale data acquisition module.

[0014] Preferably, the soil moisture sensor data acquisition module is connected to the soil moisture sensor via a wire, the electric valve control module is connected to the first electric valve and the second electric valve via a wire, the automatic water level acquisition module is connected to the automatic water level measuring instrument via a wire, and the electronic scale data acquisition module is connected to the electronic scale via a wire.

[0015] Preferably, the automatic rain gauge data acquisition module is connected to an automatic rain gauge, which is used to monitor the rainfall intensity in the test area.

[0016] This utility model discloses a remote and precise measurement device for rainfall slope runoff and soil erosion, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0017] This remote precision measurement device for rainfall-induced slope runoff and soil erosion employs a weighing method and water level measurement to accurately measure rainfall-induced soil erosion and slope runoff in the experimental area. This facilitates understanding the relationship between slope runoff and soil erosion under specific rainfall intensities. Remote monitoring of rainfall intensity, slope runoff, and soil erosion in the experimental area eliminates the need for on-site monitoring, effectively reducing labor costs. The device is simple in principle and operation, easy to manufacture, inexpensive, easy to install and disassemble, reusable, and achieves excellent monitoring results. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the measuring unit and the data acquisition unit of this utility model;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a partial top view of the measuring unit and data acquisition unit of this utility model;

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the centralized control unit of this utility model.

[0023] In the diagram: 1. Measurement unit; 11. Water tank; 12. Sediment collection box; 13. Electronic scale; 14. Soil moisture sensor; 15. Geotextile; 16. Automatic water level measuring instrument; 17. Drainage pipe; 18. First electrically controlled valve; 2. Rainwater collection unit; 21. Rainwater diversion channel; 22. Second electrically controlled valve; 23. Drainage channel; 3. Central control unit; 31. Central control box; 32. Power supply and wireless transmission module; 33. Soil moisture sensor data acquisition module; 34. Electrically controlled valve control module; 35. Automatic rain gauge data acquisition module; 36. Automatic water level acquisition module; 37. Electronic scale data acquisition module; 4. Automatic rain gauge. Detailed Implementation

[0024] To better understand the above technical solutions, the following will provide a detailed explanation of the technical solutions in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0025] This utility model discloses a remote and precise measurement device for rainfall slope runoff and soil erosion.

[0026] According to the appendix Figure 1-4 As shown, it includes:

[0027] The measuring unit 1 includes a water tank 11 and a sediment collection box 12. The sediment collection box 12 is located inside the water tank 11, and an electronic scale 13 is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the water tank 11. The sediment collection box 12 is located above the electronic scale 13. A soil moisture sensor 14 is installed inside the sediment collection box 12, and a geotextile 15 is laid on the inner bottom wall of the sediment collection box 12. A water-permeable mesh structure is opened at the bottom of the sediment collection box 12. The sediment in the muddy water is blocked and retained in the sediment collection box 12 by the geotextile 15, while rainwater permeates the geotextile 15 and falls into the water tank 11 through the water-permeable mesh structure. An automatic water level measuring instrument 16 is installed inside the water tank 11. The soil moisture sensor 14 and the automatic water level measuring instrument 16 can respectively detect the volumetric water content of the sediment in the sediment collection box 12 and the water level in the water tank 11.

[0028] Rainwater collection unit 2 is located on the side of water tank 11 and is used to collect rainwater and guide it to sediment collection tank 12.

[0029] Accurate measurements of rainfall-induced soil erosion and slope runoff in the experimental area were achieved using weighing and water level measurement methods, facilitating understanding of the relationship between slope runoff and soil erosion under specific rainfall intensities. Remote monitoring of rainfall intensity, slope runoff, and soil erosion in the experimental area was realized through remote control, eliminating the need for on-site monitoring and effectively reducing labor costs. The device is simple in principle and operation, easy to manufacture, low in cost, easy to install and disassemble, reusable, and achieves excellent monitoring results.

[0030] Furthermore, the water tank 11 has a removable rain cover on top for collecting rainwater runoff from the slopes of the test area during rainfall.

[0031] Furthermore, a drain pipe 17 is installed at the bottom of the water tank 11, and a first electrically controlled valve 18 is installed on the drain pipe 17.

[0032] Furthermore, the rainwater collection unit 2 includes a rainwater diversion channel 21 and a second electrically controlled valve 22. The rainwater diversion channel 21 is located on the side away from the drain pipe 17 and is fixedly installed downstream of the rainfall erosion test area. The side opening can collect rainwater and sediment mixture. A removable top cover is installed on the top to prevent rainwater from falling directly into the rainwater diversion channel 21. The bottom port of the rainwater diversion channel 21 is fixed above the sediment collection box 12, and the second electrically controlled valve 22 is located at the bottom port of the rainwater diversion channel 21.

[0033] Furthermore, a drainage channel 23 is provided on the outside of the rainwater diversion channel 21. When the second electrically controlled valve 22 is closed, the rainwater and sediment mixture is discharged through the drainage channel 23.

[0034] Specifically disclosed, the measurement unit 1 is also equipped with a central control unit 3, which includes a central control box 31. The central control box 31 is equipped with a power supply and wireless transmission module 32, a soil moisture sensor data acquisition module 33, an electric valve control module 34, an automatic rain gauge data acquisition module 35, an automatic water level acquisition module 36, and an electronic scale data acquisition module 37.

[0035] The soil moisture sensor data acquisition module 33 is connected to the soil moisture sensor 14 via a wire, the electric valve control module 34 is connected to the first electric valve 18 and the second electric valve 22 via a wire, the water level automatic acquisition module 36 is connected to the water level automatic measuring instrument 16 via a wire, and the electronic scale data acquisition module 37 is connected to the electronic scale 13 via a wire.

[0036] Furthermore, the automatic rain gauge data acquisition module 35 is connected to an automatic rain gauge 4, which is used to monitor the rainfall intensity in the test area.

[0037] When measuring soil erosion due to rainfall in the experimental area, the soil moisture content θ under normal conditions is first determined. 常 Set the second electrically controlled valve 22 to automatically close after n hours of rainfall, and record the measured value m of the electronic scale 13. 前 Rainwater and sediment mixture are diverted to sediment collection tank 12 through rainwater diversion channel 21. Rainwater in sediment collection tank 12 seeps into water tank 11 through geotextile 15, while sediment is blocked and retained in sediment collection tank 12 by geotextile 15.

[0038] One hour after the rainfall, the second electrically controlled valve 22 automatically closes. Once the water level automatic measuring instrument 16 stabilizes, the measured value h is recorded. 水 After a certain period of time, the volumetric water content θ measured by soil moisture sensor 14 is close to the soil water content θ under normal conditions. 常 At that time, record the measured value m. 后 .

[0039] Based on the measurement data, the soil erosion volume (m) during this rainfall period can be accurately calculated. 侵 =(m 后 -m 前 ); Slope runoff m 径 =ρ 水 s 面 h 水 , where s 面 Let be the bottom area of ​​water tank 11; this allows us to analyze the relationship between slope runoff and soil erosion under a certain rainfall intensity.

[0040] After a single rainfall soil erosion measurement is completed, the first electrically controlled valve 18 at the bottom of the water tank 11 is opened to drain the water from the tank, ready for the next rainfall measurement. When, after multiple tests, the sediment collection tank 12 contains too much sediment to be repeated, the sediment is manually removed to ensure the remote measurement test can continue.

[0041] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of this utility model. Those skilled in the art should understand that this utility model is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of this utility model. Various changes and modifications can be made to this utility model without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the claims. The scope of protection of this utility model is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A device for remote and precise measurement of rainfall runoff and soil erosion on a slope, characterized in that, include: The measuring unit (1) includes a water tank (11) and a sediment collection box (12). The sediment collection box (12) is located inside the water tank (11), and an electronic scale (13) is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the water tank (11). A soil moisture sensor (14) is installed inside the sediment collection box (12), and geotextile (15) is laid on the inner bottom wall of the sediment collection box (12). A water-passing mesh structure is opened at the bottom of the sediment collection box (12), and an automatic water level measuring instrument (16) is installed inside the water tank (11). Rainwater collection unit (2), which is located on the side of water tank (11), is used to collect rainwater and guide it to sediment collection tank (12).

2. The remote and precise measurement device for rainfall slope runoff and soil erosion according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water tank (11) has a removable rain cover on top for collecting rainwater runoff from the slope of the test area during rainfall.

3. The remote and precise measurement device for rainfall slope runoff and soil erosion according to claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the water tank (11) is equipped with a drain pipe (17), and a first electrically controlled valve (18) is installed on the drain pipe (17).

4. The remote and precise measurement device for rainfall slope runoff and soil erosion according to claim 3, characterized in that, The rainwater collection unit (2) includes a rainwater diversion channel (21) and a second electrically controlled valve (22). The rainwater diversion channel (21) is located on the side away from the drain pipe (17), and the bottom port of the rainwater diversion channel (21) is fixed above the sediment collection box (12). The second electrically controlled valve (22) is located at the bottom port of the rainwater diversion channel (21).

5. The remote and precise measurement device for rainfall slope runoff and soil erosion according to claim 4, characterized in that, The rainwater diversion channel (21) is fixedly installed downstream of the rainfall erosion test area, and the side opening can collect rainwater and sediment mixture, and the top is equipped with a detachable top cover.

6. The remote and precise measurement device for rainfall slope runoff and soil erosion according to claim 5, characterized in that, A drainage channel (23) is provided on the outside of the rainwater diversion channel (21). When the second electrically controlled valve (22) is closed, rainwater and mud mixture are discharged through the drainage channel (23).

7. The remote and precise measurement device for rainfall slope runoff and soil erosion according to claim 4, characterized in that, A central control unit (3) is also provided on the side of the measuring unit (1) away from the rainwater diversion channel (21). The central control unit (3) includes a central control box (31), which is equipped with a power supply and wireless transmission module (32), a soil moisture sensor data acquisition module (33), an electric valve control module (34), an automatic rain gauge data acquisition module (35), an automatic water level acquisition module (36), and an electronic scale data acquisition module (37).

8. The remote and precise measurement device for rainfall slope runoff and soil erosion according to claim 7, characterized in that, The soil moisture sensor data acquisition module (33) is connected to the soil moisture sensor (14) via a wire. The electric valve control module (34) is connected to the first electric valve (18) and the second electric valve (22) via a wire. The water level automatic acquisition module (36) is connected to the water level automatic measuring instrument (16) via a wire. The electronic scale data acquisition module (37) is connected to the electronic scale (13) via a wire.

9. A remote and precise measurement device for rainfall slope runoff and soil erosion according to claim 7, characterized in that, The automatic rain gauge data acquisition module (35) is connected to an automatic rain gauge (4), which is used to monitor the rainfall intensity in the test area.

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