A two-way malaise net apparatus for collecting flying arthropods at habitat boundaries

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of habitat boundary collection two-way Malaise trap device of flying arthropod. Two-way Malaise net is arranged at the boundary between the planting area of ecological function plant and the planting area of agroforestry plant, and the net cloth in the middle of two-way Malaise net is divided into two capture areas;Including two groups of collecting bottles, respectively close to the higher side top of the net cloth arranged in the middle of two-way Malaise net, and the collecting bottle interface of two groups of collecting bottles is respectively connected to the two sides Malaise net of two-way Malaise net, and two sleeve-shaped interfaces are respectively used to connect the collecting bottle interface of two groups of collecting bottles in two capture areas respectively. The utility model realizes the accurate distinction of arthropod flying direction by two-way isolation design, combined with replaceable collection liquid and modular structure, significantly improves field investigation efficiency and data accuracy, and is suitable for entomology, plant protection science and animal ecology research in the field of agriculture and forestry.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the technical field of research equipment for agricultural and forestry insect ecology, plant protection, and animal ecology, and is particularly suitable for a two-way Malmö net device for monitoring the migration patterns of arthropods flying within and outside habitat boundaries. Background Technology

[0002] Existing traditional Malpighian nets are mostly unidirectional designs used for collecting samples of flying insects in the field. They cannot distinguish the movement and migration direction of arthropods, leading to data errors. Traditional methods rely on manual observation or combinations of single Malpighian nets, which are inefficient and interfere with natural behavior. In addition, existing Malpighian nets are prone to displacement due to weather or animal activity, and the collection solution deteriorates quickly. Current technology lacks a bidirectional trap device that can distinguish migration direction, is highly stable, and is easy and efficient to maintain. Utility Model Content

[0003] To address the problems existing in the background art, this utility model proposes a bidirectional Maltese net device for collecting flying arthropods at habitat boundaries.

[0004] This invention achieves precise differentiation of arthropod flight directions through a two-way isolation design. Combined with replaceable collection liquid and modular structure, it significantly improves the efficiency and accuracy of field surveys. It is applicable to insect ecology, plant protection, animal ecology research, experiments, natural enemy conservation, biological control and other agricultural and forestry pest management in the agricultural and forestry fields.

[0005] The solution adopted in this utility model is:

[0006] This utility model includes a bidirectional Marshall net, which is arranged at the boundary between the planting area of ​​functional plants and the planting area of ​​agricultural and forestry plants. The net in the middle of the bidirectional Marshall net divides the Marshall net into two capture areas, forming a bidirectional isolated capture space. The two capture areas are respectively facing the planting area of ​​functional plants and the planting area of ​​agricultural and forestry plants.

[0007] It includes two sets of collection bottles, which are located near the top of the higher side of the mesh in the middle of the bidirectional Marshall mesh and are fixedly mounted on the fixing rod of the bidirectional Marshall mesh. The collection bottle interfaces of the two sets of collection bottles are respectively connected to the two sides of the bidirectional Marshall mesh.

[0008] It includes two sleeve-shaped interfaces, which are respectively arranged on both sides of the top of the higher side of the mesh in the middle of the bidirectional Marsh net, respectively connecting to two capture areas and respectively used to connect two sets of collection bottles.

[0009] The two sets of collection bottles are connected to each other through a sleeve-shaped interface and the top of the higher side of the net near the middle in the two capture areas of the bidirectional Masque net. This allows the flying arthropods in the two capture areas to climb up to the connection point through the middle net and then enter their respective collection bottles through the sleeve-shaped interface, thus isolating the capture space in both directions.

[0010] The bidirectional Marshall mesh includes two Marshall meshes symmetrically arranged on both sides with the middle mesh as the center. Each Marshall mesh includes a wall mesh, two side meshes and a top mesh. The two side meshes are respectively connected to the two sides of the wall mesh, and the long side of the top mesh is connected to the wall mesh, and the two short sides of the top mesh are respectively connected to the side meshes.

[0011] The wall mesh of the two Maas nets uses the same piece of mesh as the middle mesh, and is placed on the boundary line between the planting area of ​​functional plants and the planting area of ​​agricultural and forestry plants.

[0012] The top edge of the wall mesh is higher on one side and lower on the other, forming a trapezoidal shape. This results in the top edge of one side of the wall mesh connected to the higher side being higher than the top edge of the other side of the wall mesh connected to the lower side. The top edge of the side mesh is higher on one side and lower on the other, forming a trapezoidal shape. This results in the side of the side mesh connected to the wall mesh being higher than the other side not connected to the wall mesh.

[0013] The bottom edges of the wall mesh, side mesh, and top mesh are flush and 20-30cm away from the soil.

[0014] The wall mesh, side mesh, and top mesh are all supported and fixed by rods inserted into the ground.

[0015] Each of the two capture areas on both sides of the bidirectional Marshall net is labeled with a directional marker. The capture area facing the planting area close to the agricultural and forestry plants is labeled "Habitat within → Habitat boundary", and the capture area facing the planting area close to the functional plants is labeled "Habitat boundary → Habitat within".

[0016] The collection bottle is composed of two plastic bottles joined together. The upper plastic bottle is inverted and connected to the lower plastic bottle with a sealed mouth. The top of the upper plastic bottle has an interface as the collection bottle structure, which is used to connect with the sleeve-shaped interface. The lower plastic bottle contains a collection liquid that occupies 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the volume of a single plastic bottle.

[0017] The collected liquid consists of a 75% alcohol solution by mass, and the liquid level is 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the depth of a single plastic bottle container.

[0018] All mesh fabrics are made of breathable nylon.

[0019] The functional plants mentioned are usually sesame, broad beans, etc., used to attract natural enemy insects of agricultural and forestry plants, such as ladybugs.

[0020] The agricultural and forestry plants mentioned are usually wheat or rice. The planting areas for functional plants are wheat fields, rice fields, etc.

[0021] This invention is applicable to the ecosystem of crop fields with functional plants, especially for collecting changes in arthropod communities during wheat-rice rotation, thereby providing a quantitative assessment of the ecological environment of different crops with functional plants.

[0022] This invention aims to solve the following key problems of existing flying arthropod collection devices in ecological research:

[0023] 1) Accurate differentiation of migration direction: Traditional one-way Markov nets cannot distinguish the bidirectional migration behavior of arthropods between habitat boundary and habitat (such as "habitat boundary → habitat" and "habitat habitat → habitat boundary"), which leads to the distortion of migration pattern research data.

[0024] This invention achieves 100% independent capture of migration directions through a symmetrical dual-container and bidirectional Marshall net physical isolation design, providing a precise data foundation for niche analysis.

[0025] 2) Resilience to Complex Environments: To address the issues of trap displacement or failure caused by field rainfall, strong winds, and animal collisions, a dual anti-interference scheme is proposed:

[0026] 3) Ground-embedded installation: Use national standard PE-coated steel pipes to insert into the ground of the field ridges, and fix the 12 corners of the Marsh mesh to the steel pipes to prevent it from tipping over due to trampling or agricultural machinery operations;

[0027] 4) Efficiency of large-scale deployment

[0028] To address the need for high-frequency, multi-location deployment, a modular rapid assembly system was designed.

[0029] The beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0030] The device of this invention can accurately distinguish the migration direction and achieve 100% independent capture of the migration direction, providing a precise data foundation for niche analysis.

[0031] This invention can improve anti-interference performance in complex environments, providing dual anti-interference capabilities and solving the problem of trap displacement or failure caused by rain, strong winds, and animal collisions in the field.

[0032] This utility model is a ground-embedded installation that is inserted into the ground of the field ridge, avoiding overturning due to trampling or agricultural machinery operation, and improving the efficiency of large-scale deployment. Attached Figure Description

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the bidirectional Martensitic mesh device of this utility model.

[0034] In the diagram: 1. Two-way Marshall net; 2. Collection bottle; 3. Rod. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0036] The bidirectional Martensitic mesh device designed in this utility model specifically includes:

[0037] It includes a bidirectional Marshall net 1, which is arranged at the boundary between the planting area of ​​ecological functional plants and the planting area of ​​agricultural and forestry crops. The nylon mesh in the middle of the bidirectional Marshall net divides the Marshall net into two symmetrical capture areas. Each area serves as a Marshall net, forming two Marshall nets on both sides, thus forming a bidirectional isolated capture space. The two capture areas are respectively facing the planting area of ​​functional plants and the planting area of ​​agricultural and forestry plants.

[0038] It includes two sets of collection bottles 2, which are located near the top of the higher side of the nylon mesh cloth arranged in the middle of the bidirectional Martens mesh, and are fixedly installed on the fixing rod of the bidirectional Martens mesh. The collection bottle interfaces of the two sets of collection bottles are respectively connected to the two sides of the bidirectional Martens mesh.

[0039] It includes two sleeve-shaped interfaces, which are respectively arranged on both sides of the top of the higher side of the nylon mesh in the middle of the bidirectional Marsh mesh, respectively connecting to two capture areas and respectively used to connect two sets of collection bottles; that is, one sleeve-shaped interface is used to connect one capture area to the collection bottle interface of one set of collection bottles, and the two sleeve-shaped interfaces are respectively used to connect the two capture areas to the collection bottle interfaces of two sets of collection bottles.

[0040] The two sets of collection bottles are connected by a sleeve-shaped interface and the top of the higher side of the nylon mesh near the middle of the two capture areas of the bidirectional Masque net. This allows the flying arthropods in the two capture areas to climb up to the connection point through the middle nylon mesh and then enter their respective collection bottles through the sleeve-shaped interface, thus isolating the capture space in both directions.

[0041] like Figure 1 As shown, the two-way Marshall net includes two Marshall nets symmetrically arranged on both sides with a central nylon net as the center. Each Marshall net includes a wall net for flying arthropods to climb, two side nets, and a top net. The two side nets are respectively connected to both sides of the wall net. One of the long sides of the top net is connected to the wall net, and the two short sides of the top net are respectively connected to the side nets. All connections are tightly sewn together, thus forming an independent capture space.

[0042] In specific implementation, the side edges of the side mesh are aligned and connected with the side edges of the wall mesh, the long side edges of the top mesh are aligned and connected with the long side edges of the wall mesh, and the end edges of the top mesh are aligned and connected with the short side edges of the side mesh.

[0043] The two Marshall nets share the same piece of netting as the middle netting, and the netting is placed above the boundary line between the planting area of ​​functional plants and the planting area of ​​agricultural and forestry plants.

[0044] Specifically, both the side mesh and the wall mesh are arranged vertically. The top edge of the wall mesh is higher on one side and lower on the other, forming a right-angled trapezoid. This makes the top edge of one side mesh connecting to the higher side of the wall mesh higher than the top edge of the other side mesh connecting to the lower side of the wall mesh, and also makes the top mesh arranged at an angle.

[0045] The top edge of the side mesh is higher on one side and lower on the other, forming a right-angled trapezoid. This makes the side of the side mesh that connects to the wall mesh higher than the side that does not connect to the wall mesh.

[0046] The bottom edges of the wall mesh, side mesh, and top mesh are flush, located on the same horizontal plane, and 20-30cm away from the bottom soil. Furthermore, the wall mesh, side mesh, and top mesh are all supported and fixed by rods 3 inserted into the ground soil.

[0047] like Figure 1 As shown, two sets of rods are typically inserted and fixed in the ground soil. Each set of rods includes three rods inserted in the ground soil to support and fix the side of the side mesh fabric on one side. The first rod is used to fix and support the side connected to the side mesh fabric and the wall mesh fabric. The other two rods are used to fix and support the other two sides of the two side mesh fabrics on one side of the wall mesh fabric.

[0048] The two sets of rods correspond to the side meshes on both sides of the wall mesh, and the three rods in the two sets correspond to each other. The height of the three rods in one set is higher than the height of the corresponding rods in the other set.

[0049] All the poles are connected by fixing components and netting. The fixing components include fixing ropes to support the masonry netting and secure the collection bottles.

[0050] Two sets of collection bottles are arranged symmetrically with the netting in the middle and perpendicular to the ground. They are fixed to the central support rod, and the inlets of the collection bottles are connected to the capture areas of the two side nets.

[0051] The sleeve-shaped interface is specifically a 6cm diameter, retractable mesh bag that can be fitted over the inlet of the collection bottle.

[0052] The bidirectional Markov net has two tags. Each of the two capture areas on both sides of the bidirectional Markov net is marked with a directional tag, namely "Habitat boundary → Habitat area" and "Habitat area → Habitat boundary". The capture area facing the planting area close to agricultural and forestry plants is labeled "Habitat area → Habitat boundary", and the capture area facing the planting area close to functional plants is labeled "Habitat boundary → Habitat area" to distinguish between the "Habitat boundary → Habitat area" and "Habitat area → Habitat boundary" capture areas.

[0053] The collection bottle can be constructed by joining two 500mL plastic bottles together, sealing their openings. The upper bottle is inverted and joined to the lower bottle with a sealed opening. The top of the upper bottle has an interface for connecting to a sleeve-shaped connector. The lower bottle contains a collection solution occupying 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of its volume. The collection solution consists of a 75% alcohol solution, and the liquid level is 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the depth of the individual plastic bottle. The collection solution is changed every 24 hours.

[0054] In specific implementation, such as Figure 1 As shown, six fixing rods, which are national standard PE-coated steel pipes, are used to support the Marsh net and the collection bottle.

[0055] The bidirectional Marshall net is made of nylon mesh, measuring 175cm in length, 120cm in width, and 175cm in height. The collection bottle is higher on one side, with a center height of 175cm and side heights of 150cm. The other side is lower, with a center height of 135cm and side heights of 110cm. Twelve corner anchoring cords are sewn at the twelve corners to secure the Marshall net to the supporting poles.

[0056] In specific implementation, this utility model first uses PE-coated steel pipe as a rod, inserts it into the field ridge according to the length and width of the bidirectional Marshall net, then fixes the Marshall net on the PE-coated steel pipe, and then puts on the collection bottle for fixation. The installation time is ≤20 minutes / set.

[0057] Preparation of the collection solution in the collection bottle: Pour about 500 mL of collection solution into the collection bottle, and 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the volume of 75% alcohol solution. Change the collection solution in the collection bottle every 24 hours to prevent it from becoming ineffective.

[0058] The embodiments of this utility model are as follows:

[0059] Implementation Case:

[0060] Taking the application of this device in the experimental field of Qianshanxia Village, Huzhou as an example.

[0061] 1) Layout and installation

[0062] A two-way Marshall net was installed at the habitat boundary of the experimental field.

[0063] Each device consists of two symmetrical, integrated bidirectional Marshall nets (175cm long, 120cm wide, and 175cm high), two sets of collection bottles, and six fixing rods.

[0064] The fixing rod is a national standard PE-coated steel pipe, 200cm in length, inserted as deep as possible into the ground to ensure the device is stable.

[0065] The two-way Marshall net is fixed to the steel pipe by 12 fixed ropes, forming a two-way isolated capture space.

[0066] Two sets of collection bottles are fixed to two central support rods. Each lower collection bottle is filled with 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of a volume of 75% alcohol solution to preserve the captured arthropods.

[0067] The device is clearly marked with "Habitat boundary → Habitat" and "Habitat area → Habitat boundary" to distinguish the capture areas.

[0068] 2) Data collection and sample recovery

[0069] Monitoring was conducted for eight consecutive days before and after rice harvest, with samples collected every 24 hours, totaling 96 bidirectional Malpighian mesh samples. The alcohol solution in the collection bottles was replaced each time samples were collected to prevent spoilage or escape. Immediately after collection, samples underwent preliminary morphological classification and were preserved in 75% alcohol solution for subsequent DNA barcoding analysis.

[0070] 3) Data Analysis and Results

[0071] Based on DNA barcode analysis and morphological feature identification, a total of 137 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified.

[0072] The specific categories and quantities are as follows:

[0073] Parasitic natural enemies: OTUs were the most numerous, with 54, mainly including *Trichoderma gracilis* (372 individuals), *Trichoderma* (89 individuals), *Trichoderma* (45 individuals), *Trichoderma* (50 individuals), and *Trichoderma* (23 individuals).

[0074] Herbivores: 40 OTUs, including leafhoppers (633 individuals), aphids (299 individuals), and pyralids (161 individuals).

[0075] Predators: 23 OTUs, mainly from the families Trogopteridae (360 individuals), Trogopteridae (308 individuals), and the genus *Sphagnum* (25 individuals).

[0076] Scavengers: 20 OTUs, mainly from the Gallidae family (765 individuals), Flyidae family (581 individuals), and Moth Midges family (340 individuals).

[0077] The total capture was 7,047 arthropods, with scavengers accounting for the largest proportion (50%), followed by herbivores (24%), parasites (15%), and predators (11%). The identification results covered multiple taxonomic units from suborder to species level, including 1 suborder (Acaridia), 63 families, 5 subfamilies, 17 genera, and 51 species.

[0078] 4) Device performance verification

[0079] Directional differentiation capability: The two-way design successfully distinguished arthropod migration behaviors in two directions: "habitat boundary → habitat" and "habitat territory → habitat boundary", providing accurate data for studying migration patterns.

[0080] Stability: The design of the fixing rod and fixing rope effectively prevents the device from shifting due to wind, rain or animal activity, ensuring data continuity.

[0081] Preservation effect: The 75% alcohol solution has a good preservation effect within 24 hours, with a high sample integrity rate and an escape rate close to zero.

[0082] 5) Conclusion

[0083] This bidirectional Malpighian net device has performed exceptionally well in field applications, not only accurately distinguishing the migration directions of arthropods but also significantly improving data acquisition efficiency and accuracy. Its modular design and interference-resistant capabilities make it suitable for large-scale ecological research, providing a reliable tool for analyzing the migration patterns and niches of arthropods such as agricultural and forestry insects.

[0084] The above specific embodiments are used to explain and illustrate the present utility model, and are not intended to limit the present utility model. Any modifications and changes made to the present utility model within the spirit and scope of the claims shall fall within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0085] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model. Therefore, all equivalent changes or modifications made to the structure, features and principles described in the claims of the present utility model patent application are included in the scope of the present utility model patent application.

Claims

1. A bidirectional Malpighian net device for collecting flying arthropods at habitat boundaries, characterized in that: Includes a bidirectional Marshall net (1), which is arranged at the boundary between the planting area of ​​functional plants and the planting area of ​​agroforestry plants. The net in the middle of the bidirectional Marshall net divides the Marshall net into two capture areas, forming a bidirectional isolated capture space. The two capture areas are respectively opposite to the planting area of ​​functional plants and the planting area of ​​agroforestry plants. It includes two sets of collection bottles (2), which are located close to the top of the higher side of the mesh cloth arranged in the middle of the bidirectional Marshall mesh, and are fixedly installed on the fixing rod of the bidirectional Marshall mesh. The collection bottle interfaces of the two sets of collection bottles are respectively connected to the two sides of the bidirectional Marshall mesh. It includes two sleeve-shaped interfaces, which are respectively arranged on both sides of the top of the higher side of the mesh in the middle of the bidirectional Marsh net, respectively connecting to two capture areas and respectively used to connect two sets of collection bottles.

2. A two-way Malaise trap device for collecting flying arthropods at a habitat boundary according to claim 1, characterised in that: The two sets of collection bottles are connected to each other through a sleeve-shaped interface and the top of the higher side of the net near the middle in the two capture areas of the bidirectional Masque net. This allows the flying arthropods in the two capture areas to climb up to the connection point through the middle net and then enter their respective collection bottles through the sleeve-shaped interface, thus isolating the capture space in both directions.

3. A two-way Malis grid apparatus for collecting flying arthropods at a habitat boundary according to claim 1, wherein: The bidirectional Marshall mesh includes two Marshall meshes symmetrically arranged on both sides with the middle mesh as the center. Each Marshall mesh includes a wall mesh, two side meshes and a top mesh. The two side meshes are respectively connected to the two sides of the wall mesh, and the long side of the top mesh is connected to the wall mesh, and the two short sides of the top mesh are respectively connected to the side meshes. The wall mesh of the two Maas nets uses the same piece of mesh as the middle mesh, and is placed on the boundary line between the planting area of ​​functional plants and the planting area of ​​agricultural and forestry plants.

4. The bidirectional Malpighian net device for collecting flying arthropods at habitat boundaries according to claim 3, characterized in that: The top edge of the wall mesh is higher on one side and lower on the other, forming a trapezoidal shape. This results in the top edge of one side of the wall mesh connected to the higher side being higher than the top edge of the other side of the wall mesh connected to the lower side. The top edge of the side mesh is higher on one side and lower on the other, forming a trapezoidal shape. This results in the side of the side mesh connected to the wall mesh being higher than the other side not connected to the wall mesh.

5. The bidirectional Malpighian net device for collecting flying arthropods at habitat boundaries according to claim 3, characterized in that: The bottom edges of the wall mesh, side mesh, and top mesh are flush and 20-30cm away from the soil.

6. The bidirectional Malpighian net device for collecting flying arthropods at habitat boundaries according to claim 3, characterized in that: The wall mesh, side mesh, and top mesh are all supported and fixed by rods (3) inserted into the ground.

7. The bidirectional Malpighian net device for collecting flying arthropods at habitat boundaries according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each of the two capture areas on both sides of the bidirectional Marshall net is labeled with a directional marker. The capture area facing the planting area close to the agricultural and forestry plants is labeled "Habitat within → Habitat boundary", and the capture area facing the planting area close to the functional plants is labeled "Habitat boundary → Habitat within".

8. The bidirectional Malpighian net device for collecting flying arthropods at habitat boundaries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The collection bottle is composed of two plastic bottles joined together. The upper plastic bottle is inverted and connected to the lower plastic bottle with a sealed mouth. The top of the upper plastic bottle has an interface as the collection bottle structure, which is used to connect with the sleeve-shaped interface. The lower plastic bottle contains a collection liquid that occupies 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the volume of a single plastic bottle.

9. A bidirectional Malpighian net device for collecting flying arthropods at habitat boundaries according to claim 8, characterized in that: The collected liquid consists of an alcohol solution, and the liquid level is 1 / 3 to 1 / 2 of the depth of a single plastic bottle container.

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