A waterproof structure of a top plate of a subterranean garage

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of waterproof structures of earth layer underground garage roof;Including first body structure and second body structure, second body structure is located above the first body structure, and deformation joint is formed between the first side wall of second body structure and first body structure, waterproof assembly is equipped at deformation joint, the side of first body structure close to indoor is formed with drainage channel, drainage channel is adjacent to deformation joint and located below deformation joint, drainage channel is communicated with deformation joint, the side of first side wall close to drainage channel is formed into the diversion part between deformation joint and drainage channel.The utility model uses the water resistance of waterproof assembly at deformation joint and built-in drainage channel active dredge, not only significantly improve the waterproof sealing performance of deformation joint, effectively block external water penetration, also establish the dredging and exclusion structure of leakage water, double protection completely solve the intractable problem of deformation joint leakage under backfill, ensure the dry and safety of basement space.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of building construction, and in particular to a waterproof structure for garage roof slabs under a soil cover layer. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the typical waterproofing measures for expansion joints located beneath the soil cover layer of basement roofs involve: sealing the expansion joint, waterproofing construction, constructing a protective layer, and finally backfilling with earth. However, when waterproofing has a design lifespan and the conditions are complex under soil cover, expansion joints are prone to leakage. In some cases, serious leakage has even occurred in garage roof expansion joints before completion or handover to the owner, significantly impacting the basement's usability. Subsequent repairs are difficult, sometimes impossible, and costly, severely affecting the owner's normal use and even the structure's durability. Therefore, a waterproofing structure for garage roofs beneath the soil cover layer is urgently needed to address these issues. Utility Model Content

[0003] To address the aforementioned problems, this utility model provides a waterproof structure for a garage roof slab under a soil cover layer, comprising a first main structure and a second main structure. The second main structure is positioned above the first main structure. An expansion joint is formed between the second main structure and the first side wall of the first main structure. A waterproof component is provided at the expansion joint. A drainage channel is formed on the side of the first main structure near the interior. The drainage channel is arranged adjacent to and below the expansion joint and communicates with the expansion joint. The side of the first side wall near the drainage channel forms a guide section between the expansion joint and the drainage channel. The drainage channel is connected to an existing drainage unit.

[0004] Furthermore, the drainage channel is integrally cast with the first main structure.

[0005] Furthermore, the first main structure also includes a shelf and a second side wall. The first side wall is disposed above the shelf, and the second main structure is connected to the top of the first side wall. The second side wall is located above the shelf and encloses the drainage channel with the first side wall.

[0006] Furthermore, both the guide section and the drainage channel have a first waterproof layer on their inner walls.

[0007] Furthermore, a downpipe is pre-embedded within the first main structure, and the downpipe is located directly below the drainage channel and connected to the drainage channel.

[0008] Furthermore, a level gauge is installed in the drainage channel.

[0009] Furthermore, the waterproof component includes a first sealing layer, a second sealing layer, and a water-swellable sealing strip. The first sealing layer is embedded in the expansion joint, the second sealing layer is located on the side of the first sealing layer closer to the interior, the water-swellable sealing strip is located on the side of the first sealing layer furthest from the interior, the side of the water-swellable sealing strip furthest from the interior is provided with a second waterproof layer, and the side of the second waterproof layer furthest from the interior is provided with a waterproof unit.

[0010] Furthermore, the waterproof unit includes a third waterproof layer, which is embedded in the expansion joint, and a portion of the second waterproof layer is filled between the third waterproof layer and the water-swellable sealing strip.

[0011] Furthermore, the waterproof unit also includes a fourth waterproof layer, which is disposed outside the third waterproof layer and extends at both ends toward the first main structure and the second main structure, respectively.

[0012] Furthermore, a leak detection sensor is also provided inside the expansion joint, and the sensor is located between the first sealing layer and the second sealing layer.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, this utility model has the following beneficial effects compared with the prior art:

[0014] 1) The waterproof structure for garage roof slabs under the backfill layer provided by this utility model adopts the water-blocking components at the expansion joint and the active drainage channel built in, to construct a highly efficient, reliable and easy-to-implement combined anti-drainage structure for the expansion joints of basement roof slabs. It not only significantly improves the waterproof sealing performance of the expansion joints and effectively blocks external water infiltration, but also establishes a drainage and removal structure for leaking water. The dual protection completely solves the stubborn problem of leakage at the expansion joints under the backfill soil, ensures the dryness and safety of the basement space, and significantly improves the building's user experience and the quality of the living environment.

[0015] 2) The waterproof structure of the garage roof slab under the soil cover layer provided by this utility model has drainage channels that are integrally cast with the first main structure, ensuring the integrity and reliability of the system. The entire structure is clearly layered, simple and efficient.

[0016] 3) The waterproof structure for garage roof slab under the soil cover layer provided by this utility model has a water-swellable waterstop strip in the expansion joint. When leakage occurs in the expansion joint, the rainwater-swellable rubber can expand and fill the expansion joint space, thus achieving a waterproof effect.

[0017] 4) The waterproof structure for garage roof slab under the soil cover layer provided by this utility model has sensors installed in the expansion joints for leak detection, and level gauges installed in the drainage channels for real-time monitoring of leakage, which can play an early warning role and improve the reliability and maintenance convenience of the structure.

[0018] 5) The waterproof structure for garage roof slabs under the soil cover layer provided by this utility model adopts multiple composite waterproofing methods in the waterproof components within the expansion joint, which can significantly improve the reliability of waterproofing. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the waterproof structure for garage roof slabs under the soil cover layer provided by this utility model.

[0021] 1-First main structure; 11-Drainage channel; 12-First side wall; 13-Layer slab; 14-Second side wall; 15-First waterproof layer; 16-Downpipe; 17-Level gauge; 2-Second main structure; 21-Beam; 3-Expansion joint; 4-First sealing layer; 5-Second sealing layer; 6-Second waterproof layer; 7-Third waterproof layer; 8-Fourth waterproof layer; 9-Water-swellable sealing strip. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model. In the accompanying drawings, the dimensions and relative dimensions of certain parts may be enlarged for clarity.

[0023] In the description of this utility model, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "connection" and "connected" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can be fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can be mechanical connections or electrical connections; they can be direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; they can be internal connections between two components or the interaction between two components. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0024] In the description of this utility model, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "back", "center", "horizontal", "vertical", "top", "bottom", "inner", and "outer" are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of description and simplification of operation, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.

[0025] Furthermore, in the description of this utility model, the terms "first" and "second" are used merely for descriptive distinction and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Additionally, features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature.

[0026] Example 1: As per the instruction manual Figure 1 As shown, this utility model provides a waterproof structure for a garage roof slab under a soil cover layer, including a first main structure 1 and a second main structure 2. The second main structure 2 is located above the first main structure 1. An expansion joint 3 is formed between the second main structure 2 and the first side wall 12 of the first main structure 1. A waterproof component is provided at the expansion joint 3. A drainage channel 11 is formed on the side of the first main structure 1 near the interior. The drainage channel 11 is arranged adjacent to and below the expansion joint 3, and is connected to the expansion joint 3. The side of the first side wall 12 near the drainage channel 11 forms a guide portion between the expansion joint 3 and the drainage channel 11. The drainage channel 11 is connected to an existing drainage unit. In this embodiment, the existing drainage unit refers to an indoor or outdoor drainage network used to discharge water to outdoor or underground drainage pipes.

[0027] Specifically, in this embodiment, the first main structure 1 and the second main structure 2 are both main structures of the basement garage, both being concrete structures. An expansion joint 3 is formed between the first main structure 1 and the second main structure 2. A waterproof component is used to rigidly block water at the expansion joint 3. A drainage channel 11 is provided indoors near the expansion joint 3, with the length of the drainage channel 11 parallel to the length of the expansion joint 3. When the waterproof component of the expansion joint 3 leaks or fails, the leaked water will first flow into the drainage channel 11, then be guided through the existing drainage unit into the basement drainage system, and finally discharged outdoors. This structure effectively solves the problem of traditional expansion joint leakage water directly intruding into the basement interior, significantly improving the building's user experience and the quality of the living environment.

[0028] Traditional waterproofing of expansion joints relies on a passive approach, primarily involving sealing. This approach is highly susceptible to failure under complex conditions such as long-term soil pressure, uneven settlement, groundwater erosion, and the effects of plant roots, leading to indoor water seepage. This application employs an active defense approach, prioritizing both prevention and drainage. By combining multiple layers of protection and channeling, it significantly improves the long-term sealing reliability and deformation coordination of expansion joints under dynamic loads and complex environments. It fundamentally blocks or greatly reduces the channels through which external water seeps into the expansion joint, thereby significantly reducing or even eliminating the possibility of leakage. Even under high-standard waterproofing measures, considering extreme conditions or long-term material performance degradation, the drainage channel 11 is integrated with the expansion joint structure. It actively collects and gathers trace amounts of seepage or condensate that may pass through the waterproofing components. The collected water is then systematically guided to a pre-designed, easily accessible collection well or drainage system for controlled discharge. This organized drainage mechanism completely prevents the disorderly accumulation and diffusion of seepage water inside the expansion joint or in the backfill layer, preventing secondary damage to the waterproof components caused by water pressure, and eliminating the risk of seepage water eroding the structure, polluting the basement environment, or causing the backfill layer to be lost. At the same time, the design of the drainage channel 11 facilitates later inspection, dredging, and maintenance, avoiding the difficulties of traditional open-cut repairs after leakage.

[0029] In the optimized implementation method, the drainage channel 11 is integrally cast with the first main structure 1. During the construction stage of the first main structure 1, the drainage channel is pre-embedded on the first main structure simultaneously, which can simplify the waterproofing construction of the expansion joint in the later stage. Moreover, the drainage channel is constructed simultaneously with the first main structure, making it a part of the main structure. This avoids the damage to the existing waterproof layer and structure caused by later excavation, ensures the tightness between the drainage channel and the structure, and ensures the integrity and reliability of the system.

[0030] In an optimized implementation, the second main structure 2 is positioned above the first main structure 1. The expansion joint 3 is formed between the second main structure 2 and the first side wall 12 of the first main structure 1. The side of the first side wall 12 closest to the drainage channel 11 forms a guide portion between the expansion joint 3 and the drainage channel 11. If water leakage occurs at the expansion joint 3, the leakage water will flow into the drainage channel 11 along the guide portion and be discharged through the existing drainage unit, preventing the leakage water from flowing into the room.

[0031] Specifically, the first main structure 1 further includes a shelf 13 and a second side wall 14. The first side wall 12 is disposed on the upper surface of the shelf 13. The second main structure 2 is connected to the top of the first side wall 12. The second side wall 14 is disposed at the end of the shelf 13. The second side wall 14 is partially located above the shelf 13 and forms the drainage channel 11 with the first side wall 12. The elevation of the second side wall 14 is lower than the elevation of the first side wall 12. The height of the drainage channel 11 is based on the extension of the second side wall 14 to the top of the shelf 13.

[0032] Specifically, the second main structure 2 is provided with a beam 21, which is located on the side of the second side wall 14 away from the first side wall 12. There is a gap between the beam 21 and the second side wall 14 to facilitate later maintenance.

[0033] Preferably, to improve waterproofing performance, the inner wall of the drainage channel 11 is provided with a first waterproof layer 15, and the guide portion of the first side wall 12 is also provided with a first waterproof layer 15 to prevent leakage when seepage water flows into the drainage channel 11 along the guide portion. The first waterproof layer 15 is provided on both the guide portion of the first side wall 12 and the inner side of the drainage channel 11. In this embodiment, the first waterproof layer is preferably a JS cement-based waterproof coating layer or a full-coat polyurea spray waterproof layer. The polyurea spray waterproof layer has a thickness of 1.5 mm to enhance local waterproofing performance.

[0034] In an optimized implementation, a downpipe 16 is pre-embedded within the first main structure 1. The downpipe 16 is positioned directly below and connected to the drainage channel 11, and its outlet end is connected to an existing drainage unit. Multiple downpipes 16 are spaced apart along the length of the drainage channel 11 to effectively drain water from the drainage channel 11 into the existing drainage unit, and then discharge it outdoors.

[0035] Specifically, downpipe 16 is connected to the existing drainage unit via a flexible rubber joint, allowing water in the drainage channel to be discharged outdoors through the existing drainage unit. The flexible rubber joint can compensate for displacement, allowing axial displacement of ±5mm, meaning the maximum range of expansion or contraction of the joint is ±5mm, compensating for length changes caused by thermal expansion and contraction of the pipeline or axial displacement caused by vibration absorption and foundation settlement; the flexible rubber joint allows angular displacement of ±3°, meaning the allowable deflection angle of the joint is ±3°, to meet the adjustment of pipeline installation alignment deviations.

[0036] Preferably, a level gauge 17 is provided in the drainage channel 11 to monitor the liquid level in the drainage channel 11 in real time. The data of the level gauge 17 can be transmitted to the cloud platform. When the liquid level in the drainage channel 11 exceeds the set threshold, an alarm is issued to remind staff to carry out timely maintenance and prevent water from overflowing into the room.

[0037] This embodiment employs a dual-protection approach combining prevention and drainage. The first layer of protection is the waterproof component at expansion joint 3, which acts as an active defense barrier to prevent water from entering to the greatest extent possible. The second layer of protection is the drainage channel 11, which acts as a passive drainage system to ensure effective collection and removal in case of seepage. These two lines of defense complement each other and work simultaneously to form a closed-loop prevention and drainage system. Even if the effectiveness of one line of defense is partially reduced, the other line of defense can still function, greatly enhancing the overall reliability and fault tolerance of the system and effectively preventing outdoor rainwater and surface water from seeping into the basement through the expansion joint.

[0038] In an optimized implementation, the waterproofing component includes a first sealing layer 4, a second sealing layer 5, and a water-swellable sealing strip 9. The first sealing layer 4 is embedded in the expansion joint 3, and preferably a silicone sealant caulking system, which can elastically seal the expansion joint. The second sealing layer 5 is located on the side of the first sealing layer 4 closest to the interior, and preferably a foam board, which also acts as a buffer. The foam board, when embedded in the expansion joint 3, can effectively fill the expansion joint space. The water-swellable sealing strip 9 is located on the side of the first sealing layer 4 furthest from the interior, and a second waterproof layer 6 is provided on the side of the second waterproof layer 6 furthest from the interior. A waterproof unit is provided on the side of the second waterproof layer 6 furthest from the interior.

[0039] Specifically, the first and second main structures are provided with grooves that can accommodate water-swellable sealing strips 9. The water-swellable sealing strips 9 are embedded in the grooves. When water seeps in, the water-swellable sealing strips expand when they come into contact with water, filling the grooves and the space of the expansion joint, extending the sealing path, effectively preventing water from entering and improving the waterproof performance of the expansion joint.

[0040] Preferably, the second waterproof layer 6 is a waterproof membrane, which can be a TPO polymer waterproof membrane. The waterproof membrane is laid on the outside of the expansion joint. In order to improve the waterproof performance, the waterproof membrane extends to the first main structure and the second main structure to achieve waterproofing of the expansion joint. The waterproof membrane can form an overall waterproof layer to achieve a preliminary waterproof effect.

[0041] The expansion joint is constructed with a continuous composite waterproof layer consisting of waterproof membrane, water-swellable waterstop strip, silicone sealant caulking system, and foam board. The high elongation at break and root penetration resistance of the waterproof membrane, as well as the high expansion rate and large displacement capacity of the caulking system, form a rigid water barrier, actively preventing rainwater and accumulated water in the external backfill soil from seeping downwards through the expansion joint.

[0042] In an optimized implementation, the waterproof unit includes a third waterproof layer 7, which is embedded in the expansion joint 3. The third waterproof layer is preferably made of asphalt-impregnated hemp fiber. Using asphalt-impregnated hemp fiber for caulking can effectively seal the expansion joint. Part of the waterproof membrane is embedded in the expansion joint 3, filling the space between the third waterproof layer 7 and the water-swellable sealing strip 9.

[0043] In an optimized implementation, the waterproof unit further includes a fourth waterproof layer 8, which is disposed outside the third waterproof layer 7 and extends at both ends toward the first main structure 1 and the second main structure 2, respectively. The fourth waterproof layer 8 is preferably a masonry wall, a concrete layer, or galvanized iron sheet. A concrete layer is provided on the floor slabs of the first main structure 1 and the second main structure 2, and a masonry wall is provided on the side walls of the first side wall 12 and the second main structure 2. The fourth waterproof layer 8 provides waterproofing and also has good impact resistance.

[0044] Preferably, the expansion joint 3 is further equipped with a leak detection sensor, which is located between the first sealing layer 4 and the second sealing layer 5. Multiple sensors can be spaced apart within the expansion joint 3. These sensors are preferably distributed fiber optic sensors. Sensor data is transmitted to a cloud platform via a LoRa gateway. When the fiber optic temperature drops by ≥5℃ or the liquid level exceeds 50mm, the system pushes an alert to a mobile app within 10 seconds, providing timely warnings. Compared to traditional manual inspections, this provides warnings more than 72 hours earlier, offering precise data support for maintenance decisions, avoiding blind excavation and repair, and reducing maintenance costs.

[0045] In this embodiment, a first composite waterproofing structure is constructed by setting a fourth waterproofing layer 8, a third waterproofing layer 7, asphalt-impregnated hemp fiber caulking, a water-swellable waterstop strip, a first sealing layer, and a second sealing layer. Utilizing the synergistic effect of multiple waterproofing materials, a continuous, dense, and rigid water-blocking barrier with a certain degree of deformation adaptability is formed at the expansion joint location. This actively isolates the infiltration path of external water sources, increasing the expansion joint's adaptability to deformation from ±5mm to ±15mm, reducing the leakage rate from ≤5% to ≤0.5%, and extending the waterproofing lifespan from 10-15 years to 30-50 years. A drainage channel is constructed simultaneously with the construction of the first main structure inside the expansion joint, and a first waterproofing layer is applied inside the drainage channel to prevent water seepage from eroding the structural body. The drainage channel is connected to the downpipe, and thus reliably connected to the building's existing drainage system, forming a second built-in drainage structure. As a passive protection mechanism, this structure specifically collects and guides any small amount of water that may seep in, quickly draining it into the designated drainage network through gravity, eliminating the possibility of water retention and diffusion into the interior. The two lines of defense are clearly defined and their structure is not redundant. The simultaneous construction of the drainage channels integrates the procedures, and the connection of the downpipes to the existing system simplifies the end-of-pipe treatment, reducing the difficulty of construction and the cost of later maintenance.

[0046] Furthermore, any content not described in detail in this specification is existing technology known to those skilled in the art.

[0047] Those skilled in the art will understand that this invention can be implemented in many other specific forms without departing from the spirit and scope of this invention. Although embodiments of this invention have been described, it should be understood that this invention is not limited to these embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make changes and modifications within the spirit and scope of this invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A waterproof structure for a garage roof slab under a soil cover layer, comprising a first main structure and a second main structure, characterized in that, The second main structure is located above the first main structure. An expansion joint is formed between the second main structure and the first side wall of the first main structure. A waterproof component is provided at the expansion joint. A drainage channel is formed on the side of the first main structure near the interior. The drainage channel is arranged adjacent to the expansion joint and located below the expansion joint. The drainage channel is connected to the expansion joint. The side of the first side wall near the drainage channel forms a guide section between the expansion joint and the drainage channel. The drainage channel is connected to an existing drainage unit.

2. The waterproof structure for garage roof slab under soil cover as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The drainage channel is integrally cast with the first main structure.

3. The waterproof structure for garage roof slabs under a soil cover layer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first main structure further includes a shelf and a second side wall. The first side wall is disposed above the shelf, and the second main structure is connected to the top of the first side wall. The second side wall is located above the shelf and forms the drainage channel with the first side wall.

4. The waterproof structure for garage roof slab under soil cover as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Both the guide section and the drainage channel have a first waterproof layer on their inner walls.

5. The waterproof structure for garage roof slabs under a soil cover layer according to claim 1, characterized in that, A downpipe is pre-embedded in the first main structure, and the downpipe is located directly below the drainage channel and connected to the drainage channel.

6. The waterproof structure for garage roof slab under soil cover layer according to claim 1, characterized in that, A level gauge is installed in the drainage channel.

7. The waterproof structure for garage roof slab under soil cover layer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The waterproofing component includes a first sealing layer, a second sealing layer, and a water-swellable sealing strip. The first sealing layer is embedded in the expansion joint. The second sealing layer is located on the side of the first sealing layer closer to the interior. The water-swellable sealing strip is located on the side of the first sealing layer furthest from the interior. A second waterproofing layer is provided on the side of the water-swellable sealing strip furthest from the interior. A waterproofing unit is provided on the side of the second waterproofing layer furthest from the interior.

8. The waterproof structure for garage roof slab under soil cover layer according to claim 7, characterized in that, The waterproof unit includes a third waterproof layer, which is embedded in the expansion joint, and a portion of the second waterproof layer is filled between the third waterproof layer and the water-swellable sealing strip.

9. The waterproof structure for garage roof slab under soil cover layer according to claim 8, characterized in that, The waterproof unit also includes a fourth waterproof layer, which is disposed outside the third waterproof layer and extends at both ends toward the first main structure and the second main structure, respectively.

10. The waterproof structure for garage roof slab under soil cover layer according to claim 7, characterized in that, The expansion joint is also equipped with a leak detection sensor, which is located between the first sealing layer and the second sealing layer.

Images