Underwater rock excavation blasting protection structure

Abstract

This utility model discloses an underwater rock excavation blasting protection structure, belonging to the field of underwater rock excavation blasting technology. It includes: a U-shaped protective net frame; a V-shaped built-in protective baffle, the connecting flat end of which is connected to the inner wall of the U-shaped protective net frame, so that the open end of the V-shaped built-in protective baffle is adjacent to and connected to the open end of the U-shaped protective net frame; a supporting pile base is located directly below the protective support steel plate; blasting fly rock storage cavities for temporary storage are enclosed between the outer walls of the V-shaped built-in protective baffle and the inner walls of the U-shaped protective net frame on both sides; and a multi-level external buffer support assembly is provided between the V-shaped built-in protective baffle and the protective support steel plate. This utility model not only effectively filters debris from the water flow but also prevents large flying rock particles from escaping from the sides, thus achieving comprehensive protection of the surrounding environment of the blasting area.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of underwater rock excavation and blasting technology, and in particular, it is a protective structure for underwater rock excavation and blasting. Background Technology

[0002] Underwater rock excavation and blasting is a technology specifically designed for excavating rock or other hard geological materials beneath water. This technology is widely used in numerous fields, including port construction, waterway dredging, bridge foundation construction, and submarine pipeline laying. Underwater rock excavation and blasting can quickly and effectively solve complex geological obstacles, and compared to traditional mechanical excavation methods, it offers advantages such as lower cost and higher efficiency.

[0003] However, in current underwater rock excavation and blasting projects, due to the complex working environment, variable geological conditions, and concentrated release of blasting energy, traditional protective structures have revealed many shortcomings in practical applications. These shortcomings not only limit construction efficiency but also pose potential threats to personnel safety and the surrounding environment. For example, most existing protective devices use simple steel plate or grid structures, providing only basic physical barriers and lacking effective control structures for the trajectory of flying rocks. This allows flying rocks to spread with the water flow to more distant areas, damaging nearby ships, underwater facilities, and even shore-based buildings. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this utility model is to provide a protective structure for underwater rock excavation blasting, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: an underwater rock excavation blasting protection structure, comprising:

[0006] U-shaped protective netting is a physical barrier set up around the blasting area during underwater blasting operations to prevent flying rocks and debris generated by the blast from causing damage to the surrounding environment. The front impact-bearing netting of the U-shaped protective netting faces the blasting area, and the two sides of the U-shaped protective netting have detachable side netting with a smaller aperture than the front impact-bearing netting.

[0007] A V-shaped built-in protective baffle is installed in and surrounded by a U-shaped protective net frame. The connecting flat end of the V-shaped built-in protective baffle is connected to the inner wall of the U-shaped protective net frame, so that the open end of the V-shaped built-in protective baffle is adjacent to and connected to the open end of the U-shaped protective net frame.

[0008] A protective support steel plate is provided at the open end near the U-shaped protective net frame and the V-shaped built-in protective baffle, and a support pile base is provided directly below the protective support steel plate;

[0009] The outer walls on both sides of the V-shaped built-in protective baffle and the inner walls on both sides of the U-shaped protective net frame are respectively enclosed by explosive flying rock storage cavities for temporary storage of flying rocks. A multi-level external buffer support assembly is provided between the V-shaped built-in protective baffle and the protective support steel plate.

[0010] In this preferred embodiment, each of the detachable side nets is connected to the side frame of the U-shaped protective net frame by multiple second locking bolts.

[0011] In this preferred embodiment, a support plate is sealed and welded between the V-shaped built-in protective baffle and the inner wall of the U-shaped protective mesh frame, and the support plate and the protective support steel plate are arranged parallel to each other.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of this scheme, the multi-level external buffer support assembly includes at least four first hydraulic dampers installed in a rectangular arrangement in the middle of the inner wall of the protective support steel plate, and multiple second hydraulic dampers installed longitudinally at equal intervals on the inner walls at both ends of the protective support steel plate.

[0013] In this preferred embodiment, the end of the first hydraulic damper furthest from the protective support steel plate is connected to the outer wall of the support plate, and the end of the second hydraulic damper furthest from the protective support steel plate is connected to the outer walls of both ends of the U-shaped protective mesh frame.

[0014] In this preferred embodiment, both the upper and lower ends of the support plate and the inner wall of the V-shaped built-in protective baffle are sealed with sealing covers by bolts, and the V-shaped built-in protective baffle, the support plate and the two sealing covers enclose a sealed installation chamber.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment of this design, the sealed chamber is equipped with a built-in buffer component, which provides buffer support for the V-shaped built-in protective baffle and the supporting upright plate.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment of this scheme, the built-in buffer component includes at least two third hydraulic dampers symmetrically installed on the inner wall of the support plate, with the end of the third hydraulic damper away from the support plate connected to the inner wall of the V-shaped built-in protective baffle.

[0017] In this preferred embodiment, the surface of the connecting flat end is symmetrically provided with screw holes on the top and bottom. The frame of the U-shaped protective net frame is connected to the two screw holes of the connecting flat end by the first locking bolt, thereby fixing the U-shaped protective net frame and the V-shaped built-in protective baffle.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment of this scheme, the supporting pile base includes a trench excavated below the protective supporting steel plate, a reinforcing cage placed in the trench, a sand and gravel foundation filled at the bottom of the trench and located in the reinforcing cage, and a concrete base poured in the trench and located on the sand and gravel foundation.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the technical effects and advantages of this utility model are as follows:

[0020] This underwater rock excavation blasting protection structure, through a U-shaped protective mesh frame combined with a frontal impact-resistant mesh and detachable side meshes, forms a stable external physical barrier during blasting. The frontal impact-resistant mesh directly faces the blast impact direction, initially blocking flying rocks and debris; while the detachable side meshes have smaller apertures, effectively filtering debris from the water flow and preventing large flying rocks from escaping from the sides. This achieves comprehensive protection of the surrounding environment of the blasting area, improving operational safety and reducing the risk of environmental pollution.

[0021] The nested connection structure of the V-shaped built-in protective baffle and the U-shaped protective mesh frame, especially the design of fixing the flat end of the connection to the inner wall of the U-shaped protective mesh frame, allows the shock wave to be guided to both sides by the V-shaped structure after entering the structure, avoiding structural damage to a single location caused by concentrated impact. This energy dispersion mechanism effectively buffers and redistributes the blast impact force, thereby improving the overall stability and impact resistance of the structure, and achieving the technical effects of extending the service life of the structure and increasing safety redundancy.

[0022] The design of multi-stage external buffer support components enables the structure to absorb energy step by step when subjected to blasting impact, reducing the direct impact of the shock wave on the main structure. The first hydraulic damper in the middle mainly bears the impact force transmitted from the V-shaped built-in protective baffle, while the second hydraulic dampers at both ends are used to buffer the force at both ends of the U-shaped protective grid. This achieves the functions of overall structural force balance and excellent buffering and shock absorption performance, and achieves the technical effects of reducing structural deformation and improving durability. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of this utility model or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the third hydraulic damper of this utility model;

[0026] Figure 3 This utility model Figure 1 Enlarged structural diagram at point A;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the construction structure of the gravel foundation and concrete base of this utility model.

[0028] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0029] In the diagram: 1. U-shaped protective net frame; 2. V-shaped built-in protective baffle; 3. Protective support steel plate; 4. Supporting upright plate; 5. First locking bolt; 6. Storage chamber for blasted flying rocks; 7. Sealing cover plate; 8. First hydraulic damper; 9. Triangular rib plate; 10. Second hydraulic damper; 11. Second locking bolt; 12. Detachable side net; 13. Positive impact-bearing protective net; 14. Connecting flat end; 15. Third hydraulic damper; 16. Third locking bolt; 17. Reinforcing cage; 18. Gravel foundation; 19. Concrete base. Detailed Implementation

[0030] In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention can be practiced without one or more of these details. In other instances, certain technical features well-known in the art have not been described in order to avoid confusion with the present invention.

[0031] Unless otherwise defined, the directions mentioned herein, such as up, down, left, right, front, back, inside, and outside, are based on the directions shown in the figures of this utility model, and are explained here together.

[0032] This embodiment provides, for example Figures 1 to 4 The underwater rock excavation blasting protection structure shown is characterized by comprising: a U-shaped protective net frame 1, a V-shaped built-in protective baffle 2, and a protective support steel plate 3.

[0033] In this embodiment, the U-shaped protective net frame 1 is set in the blasting area to prevent flying rocks and debris generated by the blasting from causing damage to the surrounding environment. The front impact-bearing protective net 13 of the U-shaped protective net frame 1 faces the blasting area, and the two sides of the U-shaped protective net frame 1 have detachable side nets 12 with a smaller aperture size than the front impact-bearing protective net 13.

[0034] In this embodiment, the V-shaped built-in protective baffle 2 is disposed in the U-shaped protective net frame 1 and is surrounded by the U-shaped protective net frame 1. The connecting flat end 14 of the V-shaped built-in protective baffle 2 is connected to the inner wall of the U-shaped protective net frame 1, so that the open end of the V-shaped built-in protective baffle 2 is adjacent to and connected to the open end of the U-shaped protective net frame 1.

[0035] In this embodiment, the protective support steel plate 3 is located at the open end near the U-shaped protective net frame 1 and the V-shaped built-in protective baffle 2, and there is a support pile base directly below the protective support steel plate 3.

[0036] In this embodiment, the outer walls on both sides of the V-shaped built-in protective baffle 2 and the inner walls on both sides of the U-shaped protective net frame 1 respectively enclose blasting debris storage cavities 6 for temporary storage of flying rocks. When the blasting zone is blasted, the flying rocks, fragments and water shock waves generated rush towards the positive impact-bearing protective net 13. The connecting flat end 14 of the V-shaped built-in protective baffle 2 divides the shock waves to the blasting debris storage cavities 6 on both sides. The flying rocks and fragments driven by the impact force pass through the positive impact-bearing protective net 13 and are temporarily stored in the blasting debris storage cavities 6, while the water continues to flow out from the two detachable side nets 12 of the U-shaped protective net frame 1. Through the design of the blasting debris storage cavity 6 formed between the V-shaped built-in protective baffle 2 and the U-shaped protective net frame 1, the flying rocks and fragments generated by the blast can be guided into the cavity for temporary storage after being pushed by the shock wave, instead of spreading to the external environment with the water flow. This operation mode enables centralized collection and controlled release of blasting debris, avoiding safety hazards caused by the disorderly spread of debris, and achieving the effects of improving construction safety and facilitating subsequent cleanup and maintenance. A multi-level external buffer support assembly is installed between the V-shaped built-in protective baffle 2 and the protective support steel plate 3 to buffer the impact of the shock wave generated by the blast on the U-shaped protective net frame 1 and the V-shaped built-in protective baffle 2.

[0037] In this embodiment, each detachable side net 12 is connected to the side frame of the U-shaped protective net frame 1 by multiple second locking bolts 11. When it is necessary to centrally discharge and process the flying debris in the blasting flying debris storage chamber 6, the second locking bolts 11 need to be removed first, and the detachable side net 12 can be taken off.

[0038] In this embodiment, a support plate 4 is sealed and welded between the V-shaped built-in protective baffle 2 and the inner wall of the U-shaped protective net frame 1. The support plate 4 and the protective support steel plate 3 are arranged parallel to each other.

[0039] In this embodiment, the multi-level external buffer support assembly includes at least four first hydraulic dampers 8 installed in a rectangular arrangement in the middle of the inner wall of the protective support steel plate 3, and multiple second hydraulic dampers 10 installed longitudinally at equal intervals on the inner walls of both ends of the protective support steel plate 3.

[0040] In this embodiment, the end of the first hydraulic damper 8 furthest from the protective support steel plate 3 is connected to the outer wall of the support plate 4, and the end of the second hydraulic damper 10 furthest from the protective support steel plate 3 is connected to the outer walls of both ends of the U-shaped protective mesh frame 1. This allows the first hydraulic damper 8 to bear the impact force on the V-shaped built-in protective baffle 2 and the U-shaped protective mesh frame 1 at the middle position, thereby supporting the V-shaped built-in protective baffle 2 and the U-shaped protective mesh frame 1. Meanwhile, the second hydraulic damper 10 can support the open ends of the U-shaped protective mesh frame 1 at both ends to bear the impact force, thus achieving a buffering and shock absorption effect.

[0041] In this embodiment, sealing cover plates 7 are installed at both the upper and lower ends of the inner wall between the support plate 4 and the V-shaped built-in protective baffle 2 by bolts. The V-shaped built-in protective baffle 2, the support plate 4 and the two sealing cover plates 7 enclose a sealed installation chamber.

[0042] In this embodiment, a built-in buffer component is provided in the sealed chamber to buffer and support the V-shaped built-in protective baffle 2 and the supporting plate 4. One side supports and buffers the impact of the V-shaped built-in protective baffle 2, while the other side supports and buffers the impact of the supporting plate 4 on the back side by the first hydraulic damper 8.

[0043] In this embodiment, the built-in buffer component includes at least two third hydraulic dampers 15 symmetrically installed on the inner wall of the support plate 4. The end of the third hydraulic damper 15 away from the support plate 4 is connected to the inner wall of the V-shaped built-in protective baffle 2.

[0044] In this embodiment, screw holes are symmetrically opened on the upper and lower surfaces of the connecting flat end 14. The frame of the U-shaped protective net frame 1 is connected to the two screw holes of the connecting flat end 14 through the first locking bolt 5, so as to fix the U-shaped protective net frame 1 and the V-shaped built-in protective baffle 2.

[0045] In this embodiment, the supporting pile foundation includes a trench excavated below the protective supporting steel plate 3, a reinforcing cage 17 placed in the trench, a gravel foundation 18 filled at the bottom of the trench and located within the reinforcing cage 17, and a concrete base 19 poured in the trench and located on the gravel foundation 18. The design of the concrete base 19 and the gravel foundation 18 stacked together provides the entire support system with good settlement adaptability and drainage performance. The gravel layer can absorb some of the energy from the blasting vibration and accelerate the drainage of groundwater, thereby achieving the functions of flexible foundation buffering and drainage pressure reduction, and achieving the technical effect of preventing structural instability caused by foundation liquefaction or water accumulation. The protective supporting steel plate 3 is fixedly installed on the concrete base 19, and triangular ribs 9 are symmetrically welded to the back of the protective supporting steel plate 3. Both open ends of the U-shaped protective mesh frame 1 are fixedly connected to both open ends of the V-shaped built-in protective baffle 2 by third locking bolts 16.

[0046] Working principle

[0047] This underwater rock excavation blasting protection structure involves excavating a trench near the predetermined blasting area according to design requirements, laying a steel cage 17 in the trench, filling the bottom with a sand and gravel foundation 18, and then pouring a concrete base 19 in the trench to give the entire support good load-bearing capacity and stability. The protective support steel plate 3 is fixedly installed on the concrete base 19, and its overall rigidity is enhanced by the triangular rib plate 9 welded to the back. The U-shaped protective net frame 1 is set around the blasting area as an external physical barrier. The V-shaped built-in protective baffle 2 is nested and installed inside the U-shaped protective net frame 1, and is connected to the inner wall of the U-shaped protective net frame 1 by connecting the flat end 14. The two are fixed together by the first locking bolt 5 to ensure the integrity and sealing of the structure. The detachable side net 12 is connected to the side frame of the U-shaped protective net frame 1 by the second locking bolt 11 to form water flow channels with smaller diameters on both sides.

[0048] At least four first hydraulic dampers 8 arranged in a rectangular pattern are installed in the middle of the inner wall of the protective support steel plate 3. Multiple second hydraulic dampers 10 are installed longitudinally at equal intervals at both ends of the protective support steel plate 3. The first hydraulic dampers 8 are connected to the outer wall of the support plate 4, and the second hydraulic dampers 10 are connected to the outer walls of both ends of the U-shaped protective net frame 1. The support plate 4 and the V-shaped built-in protective baffle 2 are sealed by a sealing cover plate 7 to form a closed chamber. A third hydraulic damper 15 is installed in the closed chamber to further buffer the relative impact between the V-shaped built-in protective baffle 2 and the support plate 4.

[0049] After the underwater blasting begins, high-speed flying rocks, fragments, and strong shock waves are generated. These flying rocks and shock waves first impact the positive impact-bearing net 13 of the U-shaped protective net frame 1. The positive impact-bearing net 13 plays a preliminary role in blocking the flying rocks. Larger particles are intercepted, while some water flow and fine debris continue to advance through the mesh. The shock wave then enters the connecting flat end 14 of the V-shaped built-in protective baffle 2 and is guided to both sides. Due to the design of the V-shaped structure, the shock wave is diverted to the flying rock storage chambers 6 on both sides. Under the high-energy impact, flying rocks and fragments pass through the positive impact-bearing net 13 and enter the flying rock storage chambers 6 for temporary storage. The water flow continues to flow forward under the impetus of the shock wave and is discharged from the detachable side nets 12 on both sides of the U-shaped protective net frame 1. The small aperture design of the detachable side nets 12 can effectively filter out residual debris and prevent large objects from spreading with the water flow.

[0050] The first hydraulic damper 8 is located between the protective support steel plate 3 and the support plate 4, and is mainly responsible for absorbing the impact force transmitted from the V-shaped built-in protective baffle 2. The second hydraulic damper 10 is distributed at both ends of the U-shaped protective net frame 1 to buffer the impact of the blast shock wave on both ends of the structure and prevent structural deformation or displacement. The third hydraulic damper 15 is installed in the sealed cavity between the support plate 4 and the V-shaped built-in protective baffle 2. They buffer the frontal impact on the V-shaped built-in protective baffle 2 on the one hand, and the impact generated by the reverse action of the first hydraulic damper 8 on the other hand. The existence of the multi-stage buffer structure reduces the impact load borne by the overall structure and extends the service life of the structure.

[0051] After the blasting is completed, the fly rocks in the fly rock storage chamber 6 need to be cleaned up. The second locking bolt 11 should be removed, the detachable side net 12 should be taken off, and the fly rocks and debris in the chamber should be cleaned up to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the next blasting.

[0052] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "one" and "two" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, the phrase "comprising an element defined as..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0053] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An underwater rock excavation blasting protection structure, characterized by, include: U-shaped protective net frame (1) is used to prevent flying rocks generated by blasting. The front impact protection net (13) of the U-shaped protective net frame (1) faces the blasting area. The two sides of the U-shaped protective net frame (1) have detachable side nets (12) with a hole size smaller than that of the front impact protection net (13). A V-shaped built-in protective baffle (2) is set in and surrounded by a U-shaped protective net frame (1). The connecting flat end (14) of the V-shaped built-in protective baffle (2) is connected to the inner wall of the U-shaped protective net frame (1), so that the open end of the V-shaped built-in protective baffle (2) is adjacent to and connected to the open end of the U-shaped protective net frame (1). The protective support steel plate (3) is located at the open end near the U-shaped protective net frame (1) and the V-shaped built-in protective baffle (2), and there is a support pile base directly below the protective support steel plate (3); Among them, the outer walls on both sides of the V-shaped built-in protective baffle (2) and the inner walls on both sides of the U-shaped protective net frame (1) are respectively enclosed by explosive flying stone storage chambers (6) for temporary storage of flying stones, and a multi-level external buffer support assembly is provided between the V-shaped built-in protective baffle (2) and the protective support steel plate (3).

2. The underwater rock excavation blasting protection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each of the detachable side nets (12) is connected to the side frame of the U-shaped protective net frame (1) by a plurality of second locking bolts (11).

3. The underwater rock excavation blasting protection structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The V-shaped built-in protective baffle (2) is sealed and welded with a support plate (4) between its inner wall and the U-shaped protective mesh frame (1). The support plate (4) and the protective support steel plate (3) are arranged parallel to each other.

4. The underwater rock excavation blasting protection structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The multi-level external buffer support assembly includes at least four first hydraulic dampers (8) installed in a rectangular arrangement in the middle of the inner wall of the protective support steel plate (3) and multiple second hydraulic dampers (10) installed longitudinally at equal intervals on the inner walls of both ends of the protective support steel plate (3).

5. The underwater rock excavation blasting protection structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first hydraulic damper (8) is connected to the outer wall of the support plate (4) at one end away from the protective support steel plate (3), and the second hydraulic damper (10) is connected to the outer walls of both ends of the U-shaped protective net frame (1) at one end away from the protective support steel plate (3).

6. The underwater rock excavation blasting protection structure according to claim 5, characterized in that: The upper and lower ends of the support plate (4) and the inner wall of the V-shaped built-in protective baffle (2) are sealed with sealing covers (7) by bolts. The V-shaped built-in protective baffle (2), the support plate (4) and the two sealing covers (7) enclose a sealed installation chamber.

7. The underwater rock excavation blasting protection structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: The sealed chamber is equipped with a built-in buffer component, which provides buffer support for the V-shaped built-in protective baffle (2) and the support plate (4).

8. The underwater rock excavation blasting protection structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: The built-in buffer component includes at least two third hydraulic dampers (15) symmetrically installed on the inner wall of the support plate (4), and the end of the third hydraulic damper (15) away from the support plate (4) is connected to the inner wall of the V-shaped built-in protective baffle (2).

9. The underwater rock excavation blasting protection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface of the connecting flat end (14) is symmetrically provided with screw holes on the top and bottom. The frame of the U-shaped protective net frame (1) is connected to the two screw holes of the connecting flat end (14) by the first locking bolt (5), so as to fix the U-shaped protective net frame (1) and the V-shaped built-in protective baffle (2).

10. The underwater rock excavation blasting protection structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The supporting pile foundation includes a trench excavated below the protective supporting steel plate (3), a steel cage (17) placed in the trench, a sand and gravel foundation (18) filled at the bottom of the trench and located in the steel cage (17), and a concrete base (19) poured in the trench and located on the sand and gravel foundation (18).

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