Intelligent bohr resonance experiment device

Abstract

This invention discloses an intelligent Bohr resonance experimental device, belonging to the technical field of physics teaching experimental devices. The device includes a base, mounting bracket, pendulum wheel, elastic element, transmission mechanism, drive motor, rotation sensor, magnetic damping device, and control box. The rotation sensor is coaxially connected to the rotating shaft and is used to collect continuous rotation parameters of the pendulum wheel. The control box contains a microprocessor and data acquisition circuit, and is connected to an external intelligent terminal via a communication interface. The external intelligent terminal has built-in intelligent data acquisition software and an artificial intelligence-assisted teaching platform. This invention achieves high-density continuous data acquisition through the rotation sensor, and combines the microprocessor and external intelligent terminal to achieve real-time data visualization and intelligent analysis, solving the problems of low data acquisition density and insufficient intelligent analysis capabilities in existing Bohr resonance experimental devices, and is suitable for university physics experimental teaching.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the technical field of physics teaching experimental devices, specifically relating to an intelligent Bohr resonance experimental device. Background Technology

[0002] The Bohr resonance experimental setup is a commonly used teaching instrument in university physics experiments for studying damped vibrations, forced vibrations, and resonance phenomena. Its basic structure typically includes a base, support frame, pendulum wheel, elastic element, transmission mechanism, drive motor, and data measurement system. In the experiment, the pendulum wheel oscillates under the combined action of elastic restoring torque, electromagnetic damping torque, and periodic driving torque. By measuring parameters such as the amplitude, period, and phase difference between the pendulum wheel and the driving force, the amplitude-frequency and phase-frequency characteristics of the vibration system can be studied. Existing Bohr resonance experimental setups typically use a photogate combined with grooves on the edge of the pendulum wheel for data acquisition: several shallow grooves are evenly distributed on the edge of the pendulum wheel for measuring the rotation angle and period, and another long groove is used to measure the phase difference using a stroboscopic method. During measurement, the photogate detects the pulse signal generated by the grooves, thereby calculating the amplitude and period of the pendulum wheel. To address the shortcomings of the above photogate measurement method, improved solutions have been proposed. For example, Chinese patent CN201720914233.1 discloses a Bohr resonance experimental apparatus that uses a photoelectric encoder instead of a flash lamp to measure the phase difference. The zero-position signal of the photoelectric encoder is used as the signal code to measure the period and amplitude of the rotation of the pendulum wheel and stepper motor. A touch screen is used as the display device and operating interface. This scheme improves the measurement accuracy of the phase difference to a certain extent, avoids the human eye reading error of the stroboscopic method, and adds a zero-calibration function to reduce the zero-position offset error caused by the elastic deformation of the spring.

[0003] However, the aforementioned improvements still have significant shortcomings. First, although the photoelectric encoder used in this scheme replaces the flash lamp, it is essentially still a discrete pulse measurement method. Its data acquisition density is limited by the number of encoder lines, making it difficult to obtain continuous, high-density motion state data. Second, the photoelectric encoder requires a matching control circuit for signal processing, and its zero-point calibration may still be affected by factors such as spring elastic deformation. More importantly, the data processing and analysis of this scheme still mainly rely on a local touch screen or an external computer, lacking deep integration with cloud platforms and artificial intelligence analysis tools, making it difficult to meet the needs of modern experimental teaching for real-time data visualization, intelligent analysis, and personalized teaching feedback. Furthermore, there is room for improvement in the control accuracy of the drive system and the flexibility of damping adjustment. Therefore, it is urgent to improve the structure of the existing Bohr resonance experimental device to address the problems of low data acquisition density, insufficient intelligent analysis capabilities, and low system integration. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of existing Bohr resonance experimental devices, such as low data acquisition density and insufficient intelligent analysis capabilities, and to provide an intelligent Bohr resonance experimental device that can achieve high-density continuous data acquisition, real-time data visualization, and intelligent analysis.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] An intelligent Bohr resonance experimental device includes a base, a mounting bracket, a pendulum wheel, an elastic element, a transmission mechanism, and a drive motor. The mounting bracket and the drive motor are fixedly mounted on the base. The transmission mechanism connects the drive motor and the pendulum wheel. The mounting bracket includes a first vertical plate and a second vertical plate, which are spaced apart from each other. A rotating shaft is provided between the tops of the first and second vertical plates. The rotating shaft has a first end and a second end. The pendulum wheel is fixedly mounted on the rotating shaft and located between the first and second vertical plates. The elastic element connects the mounting bracket and the rotating shaft. The first end of the rotating shaft extends out of the first vertical plate and is connected to a rotation sensor. The rotation sensor is coaxially connected to the rotating shaft. The second end of the rotating shaft extends out of the second vertical plate and is connected to the transmission mechanism.

[0007] Furthermore, the transmission mechanism includes a rocker arm, a connecting rod, and an eccentric wheel. The rocker arm is fixedly connected to the second end of the rotating shaft, and the end of the rocker arm away from the rotating shaft is rotatably connected to one end of the connecting rod. The eccentric wheel is fixedly installed at the output end of the drive motor, and the other end of the connecting rod is rotatably connected to the eccentric wheel.

[0008] Furthermore, the elastic element is a spiral spring, one end of which is fixedly connected to the mounting bracket, and the other end of which is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft.

[0009] Furthermore, the device also includes a magnetic damping device, which is fixedly disposed between the first vertical plate and the second vertical plate, and located below the balance wheel.

[0010] Furthermore, the drive motor is an adjustable stepper motor.

[0011] Furthermore, the rotation sensor is a wireless rotation sensor, which has at least one of a Bluetooth communication module and a USB communication module.

[0012] Furthermore, the device also includes a control box, which contains a microprocessor and a data acquisition circuit. The rotation sensor is communicatively connected to the microprocessor, and the microprocessor is electrically connected to the drive motor.

[0013] Furthermore, the control box is also provided with a communication interface for connecting to an external intelligent terminal. The microprocessor transmits the rotation parameters collected by the rotation sensor to the external intelligent terminal through the communication interface. The external intelligent terminal is equipped with intelligent data acquisition software and an artificial intelligence-assisted teaching platform.

[0014] Furthermore, the control box is also equipped with a damping current adjustment circuit. The output terminal of the damping current adjustment circuit is electrically connected to the magnetic damping device, and the control terminal of the damping current adjustment circuit is electrically connected to the microprocessor.

[0015] The intelligent Bohr resonance experimental device disclosed in this utility model is based on the use of a rotation sensor coaxially connected to the rotating shaft to replace the traditional photoelectric gate or photoelectric encoder measurement system, realizing continuous and high-density acquisition of the pendulum wheel rotation parameters. Compared with the prior art, this utility model has significant advantages: the rotation sensor, coaxially connected to the rotating shaft, can acquire the rotation angle, angular velocity, and angular acceleration data of the pendulum wheel at any moment in real time. The data acquisition density is not limited by the number of grooves or encoder lines, greatly improving the measurement accuracy and data continuity; combined with an adjustable stepper motor and magnetic damping device, it realizes precise and continuous adjustment of the driving force frequency and damping intensity, and can comprehensively simulate the vibration characteristics under different conditions; through the deep integration of the control box with external intelligent terminals and artificial intelligence-assisted teaching platforms, it realizes real-time visualization, automatic processing, and intelligent analysis of experimental data, effectively improving the efficiency and effectiveness of experimental teaching, while reducing human operation errors. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of the Bohr resonance apparatus provided by this utility model.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the Bohr resonator provided by this utility model from another perspective.

[0018] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of the intelligent Bohr resonance device provided by this utility model.

[0019] The following are the markings in the attached diagram:

[0020] 1. Base; 2. Mounting bracket; 21. First vertical plate; 22. Second vertical plate; 3. Balance wheel; 4. Elastic element; 5. Transmission mechanism; 51. Rocker arm; 52. Connecting rod; 53. Eccentric wheel; 6. Drive motor; 7. Rotating shaft; 8. Rotation sensor; 9. Magnetic damping device; 10. Control box; 11. External intelligent terminal. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present utility model without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present utility model.

[0022] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.

[0023] Existing Bohr resonance experimental setups generally suffer from problems such as discontinuous data acquisition, low measurement accuracy, and insufficient intelligence, making it difficult to meet the needs of modern intelligent experimental teaching. Therefore, to address these issues, this application provides an intelligent Bohr resonance experimental setup, such as... Figures 1 to 3 As shown: The device includes a smart Bohr resonator, comprising a base 1, a mounting bracket 2, a pendulum wheel 3, an elastic element 4, a transmission mechanism 5, and a drive motor 6. The mounting bracket 2 and the drive motor 6 are fixedly mounted on the base 1, and the transmission mechanism 5 connects the drive motor 6 and the pendulum wheel 3. The mounting bracket 2 includes a first vertical plate 21 and a second vertical plate 22, which are arranged at intervals relative to each other. A rotating shaft 7 is provided between the tops of the first vertical plate 21 and the second vertical plate 22. The rotating shaft 7 has a first end and a second end. The pendulum wheel 3 is fixedly mounted on the rotating shaft 7 and located between the first vertical plate 21 and the second vertical plate 22. The elastic element 4 connects the mounting bracket 2 and the rotating shaft 7. The first end of the rotating shaft 7 extends out of the first vertical plate 21 and is connected to a rotation sensor 8, which is coaxially connected to the rotating shaft 7. The second end of the rotating shaft 7 extends out of the second vertical plate 22 and is connected to the transmission mechanism 5.

[0024] The base 1 is made of metal, providing a stable support foundation for the entire device. The first vertical plate 21 and the second vertical plate 22 of the mounting bracket 2 are vertically fixed to the base 1, maintaining a certain distance between them to provide sufficient space for the oscillation of the balance wheel 3. The rotating shaft 7 is rotatably mounted on top of the first vertical plate 21 and the second vertical plate 22 via bearings, allowing free rotation. The balance wheel 3 is made of copper, possessing a large moment of inertia to ensure the stability of the vibration system. The elastic element 4 provides elastic restoring torque, enabling the balance wheel 3 to perform simple harmonic motion. The rotation sensor 8 is coaxially fixed to the rotating shaft 7, enabling real-time detection of parameters such as the rotation angle, angular velocity, and angular acceleration of the rotating shaft 7, thereby indirectly obtaining the motion state of the balance wheel 3. The transmission mechanism 5 converts the rotational motion of the drive motor 6 into the reciprocating oscillation of the balance wheel 3, providing a periodic driving torque for the balance wheel 3.

[0025] This embodiment achieves continuous, real-time acquisition of the rotation parameters of the balance wheel 3 by coaxially connecting the rotation sensor 8 to the rotating shaft 7. Compared with traditional photoelectric gate or photoelectric encoder measurement methods, this solution can acquire the motion state data of the balance wheel 3 at any given time, significantly improving data acquisition density and effectively eliminating errors caused by discrete measurements. Simultaneously, the coaxial connection ensures the accuracy and reliability of the measurement, avoiding the influence of mechanical transmission errors on the measurement results.

[0026] The present invention further proposes that the transmission mechanism 5 includes a rocker arm 51, a connecting rod 52 and an eccentric wheel 53. The rocker arm 51 is fixedly connected to the second end of the rotating shaft 7. The end of the rocker arm 51 away from the rotating shaft 7 is rotatably connected to one end of the connecting rod 52. The eccentric wheel 53 is fixedly installed at the output end of the drive motor 6. The other end of the connecting rod 52 is rotatably connected to the eccentric wheel 53.

[0027] In this system, the eccentric wheel 53 rotates together with the output shaft of the drive motor 6, driving the rocker arm 51 to reciprocate via the connecting rod 52, which in turn causes the rotating shaft 7 and the pendulum wheel 3 to undergo forced vibration. By adjusting the speed of the drive motor 6, the rotation frequency of the eccentric wheel 53 can be changed, thereby changing the frequency of the driving force and achieving precise control of the forced vibration frequency. The drive motor 6 is a hybrid adjustable stepper motor, combining a permanent magnet and a toothed iron core, balancing high resolution and high torque. This stepper motor uses an open-loop control method, eliminating the need for a position sensor. The rotor position can be determined by accurately calculating the number of pulses, supporting a wide frequency range of 0.01Hz to 30Hz with an adjustment accuracy of up to 0.36°, which can meet the needs of precise experiments.

[0028] In one specific implementation, when the drive motor 6 drives the eccentric wheel 53 to rotate one revolution, the connecting rod 52 drives the rocker arm 51 to swing back and forth once, thereby enabling the balance wheel 3 to complete one complete swing. By precisely controlling the number of pulses of the drive motor 6, high-precision adjustment of the driving force frequency can be achieved, with an adjustment accuracy of up to 0.001Hz.

[0029] The present invention further proposes that the elastic element 4 is a spiral spring, one end of which is fixedly connected to the mounting bracket 2, and the other end of which is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 7.

[0030] Among them, the spiral spring has good elastic properties. When the shaft 7 rotates, the spiral spring deforms, generating an elastic restoring torque proportional to the rotation angle, enabling the balance wheel 3 to perform simple harmonic motion. By replacing the spiral spring with different elastic coefficients, the natural frequency of the vibration system can be changed, expanding the scope of experimental research.

[0031] The present invention further proposes that it also includes a magnetic damping device 9, which is fixedly disposed between the first vertical plate 21 and the second vertical plate 22 and located below the balance wheel 3.

[0032] The magnetic damping device 9 includes a pair of electromagnets arranged opposite each other, with the balance wheel 3 located in the gap between the two electromagnets. When the electromagnets are energized, they generate a magnetic field. As the balance wheel 3 moves in the magnetic field, it generates an induced current. The magnetic field of the induced current opposes the movement of the balance wheel 3, thereby generating an electromagnetic damping force. By changing the magnitude of the current in the electromagnets, the strength of the magnetic field can be adjusted, thus changing the magnitude of the electromagnetic damping force.

[0033] As a specific implementation method, during damped vibration experiments, the current of the magnetic damping device 9 is adjusted to allow the pendulum 3 to vibrate freely under different damping conditions. Data on the amplitude of the pendulum 3 changing over time is collected by the rotation sensor 8, and a damped vibration curve is plotted to calculate the damping coefficient. This magnetic damping device allows for continuous stepless adjustment from weak to strong damping, and also provides a direct visual verification of Lenz's law in electromagnetic damping, helping students organically combine their knowledge of electromagnetism with that of vibration.

[0034] This embodiment employs an adjustable magnetic damping device 9, which enables continuous and precise adjustment of the damping strength. This facilitates students' observation of vibration characteristics under different damping conditions and allows for a deeper understanding of the impact of damping on the vibration system. Furthermore, the magnetic damping device has no mechanical contact, eliminates wear, has a long service life, and operates stably.

[0035] The present invention further proposes that the drive motor 6 is an adjustable stepper motor.

[0036] Among them, adjustable stepper motors have advantages such as a wide speed adjustment range, high control precision, and smooth operation. By inputting different numbers of pulse signals, the rotation angle and speed of the stepper motor can be precisely controlled, thereby achieving high-precision adjustment of the driving force frequency. Its open-loop control method does not require a position sensor; the rotor position can be determined by accurately calculating the number of pulses, ensuring the stability and reliability of the drive.

[0037] This embodiment uses an adjustable stepper motor as the drive source, which can achieve continuous and precise adjustment of the driving force frequency. The adjustment range is wide and the accuracy is high, which can meet the needs of different experimental conditions and effectively improve the accuracy and flexibility of the experiment.

[0038] The present invention further proposes that the rotation sensor 8 is a wireless rotation sensor, which has at least one of a Bluetooth communication module and a USB communication module.

[0039] The wireless rotation sensor employs a high-precision optical encoder, capable of real-time detection of parameters such as rotation angle, angular velocity, and angular acceleration of the rotating shaft 7. Through a Bluetooth communication module, the collected data can be wirelessly transmitted to the control box 10 or an external smart terminal 11, avoiding complex wiring and improving the device's integration and ease of use. Simultaneously, a USB communication module serves as a backup communication method, ensuring reliable data transmission. The collected data can be synchronously uploaded to a cloud platform, enabling permanent storage, sharing, and traceability of experimental data, facilitating student review and teacher evaluation.

[0040] The present invention further includes a control box 10, which contains a microprocessor and a data acquisition circuit. The rotation sensor 8 is communicatively connected to the microprocessor, and the microprocessor is electrically connected to the drive motor 6.

[0041] The microprocessor is the core of the entire device's control system, responsible for receiving data from the rotation sensor 8, controlling the speed of the drive motor 6, and communicating with the external smart terminal 11. The data acquisition circuit amplifies, filters, and performs analog-to-digital conversion on the signal output from the rotation sensor 8, converting the analog signal into a digital signal before transmitting it to the microprocessor.

[0042] The present invention further proposes that the control box 10 is also provided with a communication interface for connecting an external intelligent terminal 11. The microprocessor transmits the rotation parameters collected by the rotation sensor 8 to the external intelligent terminal 11 through the communication interface. The external intelligent terminal 11 is equipped with intelligent data acquisition software and an artificial intelligence-assisted teaching platform.

[0043] The communication interface can be a USB interface, an Ethernet interface, or a wireless communication interface. The external intelligent terminal 11 can be a computer, tablet, or smartphone. The intelligent data acquisition software uses YixiSmart LAB software, supporting damped vibration curve fitting, automatic plotting of forced vibration amplitude-frequency and phase-frequency characteristic curves, and one-click calculation of key parameters such as damping factor, resonant frequency, and phase difference. It also supports multi-chart comparison analysis and custom function simulation. The AI-assisted teaching platform is based on the EXCloud smart cloud architecture, providing functions such as AI knowledge Q&A, AI report grading, AI abnormal data analysis, and AI experimental operation behavior analysis, realizing a closed-loop teaching process of "software synchronous data acquisition → AI data analysis → automatic result feedback and statistics."

[0044] As a specific implementation method, when conducting the forced vibration experiment, students set the rotation speed of the drive motor 6 and the current of the magnetic damping device 9 through the external smart terminal 11. The rotation sensor 8 collects the motion data of the pendulum 3 in real time and transmits it to the external smart terminal 11. The intelligent data acquisition software automatically plots the amplitude-frequency characteristic and phase-frequency characteristic curves. The artificial intelligence-assisted teaching platform analyzes the experimental data, points out the problems in the experiment, and provides suggestions for improvement.

[0045] This embodiment achieves real-time visualization, automatic processing, and intelligent analysis of experimental data through the deep integration of the control box 10 with the external intelligent terminal 11 and the artificial intelligence-assisted teaching platform. This effectively improves the efficiency and effectiveness of experimental teaching, while also cultivating students' data processing and scientific inquiry abilities.

[0046] The present invention further proposes that a damping current adjustment circuit is also provided in the control box 10. The output terminal of the damping current adjustment circuit is electrically connected to the magnetic damping device 9, and the control terminal of the damping current adjustment circuit is electrically connected to the microprocessor.

[0047] The damping current adjustment circuit, under the control of the microprocessor, outputs DC currents of varying magnitudes to the electromagnet of the magnetic damping device 9, thereby adjusting the magnitude of the electromagnetic damping force. By precisely controlling the output current, continuous and accurate adjustment of the damping intensity can be achieved.

[0048] The overall working principle of this device is as follows: During free vibration experiments, the drive motor 6 is turned off, the current of the magnetic damping device 9 is adjusted, and the pendulum wheel 3 is manually rotated to perform free vibration. The rotation sensor 8 collects the rotation parameters of the pendulum wheel 3 in real time and transmits them to the control box 10. The control box 10 transmits the data to the external intelligent terminal 11, and the intelligent data acquisition software plots the damped vibration curve and calculates the damping coefficient. During forced vibration experiments, the drive motor 6 is started, driving the pendulum wheel 3 to perform forced vibration through the eccentric wheel-connecting rod-rocker transmission mechanism. The speed of the drive motor 6 is adjusted to change the driving force frequency, and the current of the magnetic damping device 9 is adjusted to change the damping intensity. The rotation sensor 8 collects the motion data of the pendulum wheel 3 in real time, and the intelligent data acquisition software plots the amplitude-frequency characteristic and phase-frequency characteristic curves to analyze the characteristics of the resonance phenomenon.

[0049] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A smart Bohr resonance experiment device, comprising a base, a mounting bracket, a balance wheel, an elastic element, a transmission mechanism and a drive motor, the mounting bracket and the drive motor are fixedly installed on the base, the transmission mechanism connects the drive motor and the balance wheel, characterized in that, The mounting bracket includes a first vertical plate and a second vertical plate, which are arranged at intervals relative to each other. A rotating shaft is provided between the tops of the first vertical plate and the second vertical plate. The rotating shaft has a first end and a second end. The balance wheel is fixedly mounted on the rotating shaft and located between the first vertical plate and the second vertical plate. The elastic element connects the mounting bracket and the rotating shaft. The first end of the rotating shaft extends out of the first vertical plate and is connected to a rotation sensor. The rotation sensor is coaxially connected to the rotating shaft. The second end of the rotating shaft extends out of the second vertical plate and is connected to the transmission mechanism. 2.The intelligentized Bohr resonance experiment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The transmission mechanism includes a rocker arm, a connecting rod, and an eccentric wheel. The rocker arm is fixedly connected to the second end of the rotating shaft. The end of the rocker arm away from the rotating shaft is rotatably connected to one end of the connecting rod. The eccentric wheel is fixedly installed at the output end of the drive motor. The other end of the connecting rod is rotatably connected to the eccentric wheel. 3.The intelligentized Bohr resonance experiment device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The elastic element is a spiral spring, one end of which is fixedly connected to the mounting bracket, and the other end of which is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft. 4.The intelligentized Bohr resonance experiment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a magnetic damping device, which is fixedly disposed between the first vertical plate and the second vertical plate and located below the balance wheel. 5.The intelligentized Bohr resonance experiment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The drive motor is an adjustable stepper motor. 6.The intelligentized Bohr resonance experiment device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rotation sensor is a wireless rotation sensor, which has at least one of a Bluetooth communication module and a USB communication module. 7.The intelligentized Bohr resonance experiment device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, It also includes a control box, which contains a microprocessor and a data acquisition circuit. The rotation sensor is communicatively connected to the microprocessor, and the microprocessor is electrically connected to the drive motor. 8.The intelligentized Bohr resonance experiment device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The control box is also equipped with a communication interface for connecting to an external intelligent terminal. The microprocessor transmits the rotation parameters collected by the rotation sensor to the external intelligent terminal through the communication interface. The external intelligent terminal is equipped with intelligent data acquisition software and an artificial intelligence-assisted teaching platform. 9.The intelligentized Bohr resonance experiment device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The control box is also equipped with a damping current adjustment circuit. The output terminal of the damping current adjustment circuit is electrically connected to the magnetic damping device, and the control terminal of the damping current adjustment circuit is electrically connected to the microprocessor.

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