A multi-layer corridor building fire smoke simulation experiment device
By designing a multi-story corridor-style building fire smoke simulation experimental device, the problems of high cost and danger of full-scale experiments were solved. It achieved high-precision simulation of fire smoke spread and provided the best smoke exhaust strategy at the laboratory scale, reducing research costs and risks.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- SHANGHAI FIRE RES INST OF MEM
- Filing Date
- 2025-07-29
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-19
AI Technical Summary
Existing technologies for studying the smoke spread patterns in multi-story corridor-style buildings face challenges such as high cost and high risk of full-scale experiments, and difficulty in flexibly simulating different building layouts and fire source locations.
Design a multi-story corridor-style building fire smoke simulation experimental device, including an environmental simulation device, a fire source simulation device, a smoke exhaust fan simulation device, a temperature testing system, a wind speed testing system, and a data receiving and processing system. By using a scaled-down multi-story building model, the device simulates the fire development process and smoke flow patterns. Adjustable fans and transparent material partitions are used to achieve flexible configuration of different room layouts and fire source locations.
It enables high-precision and low-cost simulation of fire smoke spread at the laboratory scale, providing data support for optimal smoke extraction and rescue strategies, and reducing research risks and costs.
Smart Images
Figure CN224383814U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of fire safety experimental technology, specifically relating to a fire smoke simulation experimental device for multi-story corridor-type buildings. Background Technology
[0002] Multi-story corridor-style buildings are a common building type, widely used in functional buildings such as dormitories, residential buildings, R&D office buildings, administrative office buildings, and comprehensive office buildings. People are generally concentrated in these areas, and in the event of a fire, the fire can spread rapidly, with hot smoke and toxic gases spreading along the corridors, seriously threatening the safety of people.
[0003] Statistics show that residential fires account for as much as 79% of all building fires each year, making them the most concentrated locations for fires. Among the casualties caused by fires, the main cause is poisoning and asphyxiation from the large amounts of smoke produced. According to relevant statistical analyses of fire-related casualties both domestically and internationally, deaths from inhaling high-temperature smoke or toxic fumes generally account for 80% of total fire fatalities, and in some cases as high as 95%. Therefore, determining the smoke spread patterns in multi-story corridor-style buildings and exploring efficient smoke control methods are of great significance.
[0004] Current methods for studying the spread of building fires primarily rely on experimental research and numerical simulation. While experimental studies offer high accuracy and reliability, full-scale experiments are costly and pose significant fire hazards, limiting their practical application. To address these limitations, this invention proposes a multi-story corridor-style building fire smoke simulation experimental device. This device allows for flexible configuration of room structures to facilitate fire smoke studies across different building layouts. Summary of the Invention
[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a multi-story corridor-type building fire smoke simulation experimental device, which can simulate corridor-type building fires with different room layouts, fire source locations, and smoke exhaust conditions on a laboratory scale, and conduct research on fire development processes and smoke flow patterns.
[0006] The multi-story corridor-type building fire smoke simulation experimental device provided by this utility model includes:
[0007] The environmental simulation device is a scaled-down multi-story building model with multiple grid spaces serving as rooms, corridors, and stairwells. Each room is equipped with a door and a window, with the door position corresponding to the corridor and the window position corresponding to the exterior wall. Pipe holes are provided at the top or bottom of the grid spaces.
[0008] The fire source simulation device is a stainless steel oil tank with a stainless steel mesh plate on top. Fuel is added to the oil tank to simulate a heat source, and smoke-generating materials can be placed on the stainless steel mesh plate to simulate a smoke source. The fire source simulation device is set in the grid space of the environmental simulation device to simulate the location of the fire source in the building.
[0009] The smoke exhaust fan simulation device includes a fan bracket and a fan; the fan is mounted on the fan bracket and the wind speed is adjustable; the fan bracket is set in the corresponding grid space (corridor, non-fire source room, stairwell) in the environmental simulation device.
[0010] A temperature testing system for monitoring temperature in an environmental simulation device includes a thermocouple holder, thermocouples, and a temperature acquisition unit; the thermocouples are mounted on the thermocouple holder and connected to the temperature acquisition unit; the thermocouple holder is located in a grid space.
[0011] The wind speed testing system is used to monitor the flue gas velocity in an environmental simulation device. It includes a pitot tube, a bundled thermocouple, a differential pressure sensor, and a differential pressure acquisition device. The bundled thermocouple is set on the pitot tube, the pitot tube is connected to the differential pressure sensor, and the differential pressure sensor is then connected to the differential pressure acquisition device.
[0012] The bundled thermocouple is connected to a computer via a temperature sensor.
[0013] The Pitot tube is connected to the inside of the grid space through the tube hole. The differential pressure sensor measures the pressure difference data at the location of the Pitot tube in the grid space, and the thermocouple is attached to measure the temperature data at that location.
[0014] The data receiving and processing system, which is a computer, is connected to the temperature acquisition unit and the differential pressure acquisition unit. It receives temperature and differential pressure data and displays them on the screen. The data can be used to correct the air density measurement wind speed and calculate the flue gas velocity at that location.
[0015] In this invention, the scale-down ratio of the environmental simulation device is 1:15 to 1:10.
[0016] In this invention, the environmental simulation device uses stainless steel as the main frame and transparent material partitions as the material for scaled-down components such as walls, doors, and windows. The transparent material partitions are inserted into the stainless steel frame after being edged with flame-retardant sealing strips, making it easy to replace, clean, and change the room layout. The transparent material is quartz glass or flame-retardant PC.
[0017] The device can be made entirely of quartz glass or only of quartz glass in the fire source room, while using flame-retardant PC in the remaining space, ensuring resistance to high flame temperatures while improving the economic efficiency of the device.
[0018] In this invention, the cubicle space serving as a room is provided with two pipe holes, located near the window and near the door respectively; the corridor is provided with pipe holes at equal intervals along its length.
[0019] In this utility model, the grid space serving as the stairwell is provided with three pipe holes, and the positions of the three pipe holes in the stairwell are respectively: the entrance position of the stairwell, the upper stairwell position, and the lower stairwell position.
[0020] Pitot tubes at the entrance of the stairwell measure the velocity of smoke spreading from the corridor into the stairwell; Pitot tubes at the top of the stairs measure the velocity of smoke flowing into the upper floor; and Pitot tubes at the bottom of the stairs measure the velocity of smoke flowing into the lower floor.
[0021] In this utility model, the fan bracket includes a fan base plate, a side plate, and a pluggable insert plate; the fan is fixedly mounted on the insert plate.
[0022] The side plate is fixedly mounted on the fan base plate. The side plate has several slots arranged at intervals along its top edge, which are at different angles to the horizontal plane. The insert plate can be inserted into different slots to adjust and change the fan's airflow direction, simulating different exhaust fan angles.
[0023] Furthermore, the angle between the slot and the horizontal plane is 90°, 75°, 60°, 45°, or 30°.
[0024] This invention also includes a video recording system for filming the fire smoke simulation process, including a camera bracket and a camera. The camera is mounted on the camera bracket, which is positioned around the environmental simulation device. The camera faces the environmental simulation device, for example, above the top surface and to the side.
[0025] In this invention, the fuel can be selected as kerosene, diesel, gasoline or heptane; preferably heptane, which, as a calorific value source, ensures the controllability of the heat source while having low pollution; the smoke-generating material is a low-calorific-value smoke cake; by superimposing independent heat sources and independent smoke sources, the heat and smoke volume can be independently controlled.
[0026] The operating method and principle of this utility model are as follows:
[0027] A conventional multi-story building can be set up on a platform table. Transparent partitions are arranged in the frame to serve as walls, floors, and ceilings, creating an environmental simulation device: each floor has two rows of grid spaces (rooms) and long grid spaces (corridors) between the two rows of grid spaces (rooms); the floor of one area in the upper row of rooms is open, serving as the staircase connecting the upper and lower floors; the rooms have doors on the side facing the corridor and windows on the outer side;
[0028] Set as a fire source, place a stainless steel oil tank in a specific room location, the fuel in the oil tank simulates the heat source, and the smoke-generating materials such as smoke cakes on the stainless steel mesh plate simulate the smoke source, so that heat and smoke can spread from one room to the corridor and other rooms.
[0029] The thermocouple bracket and thermocouple are a set, and there are several sets. As needed, the thermocouple bracket is placed in each room, corridor, and stairwell that needs to be tested. The thermocouples on the thermocouple bracket are connected to the temperature acquisition device through lines, and the thermocouples collect the temperature of each area.
[0030] The Pitot tube, the attached thermocouple, and the differential pressure sensor are arranged in sets, or in several sets. As needed, the Pitot tube, along with the attached thermocouple, is inserted into the tube opening of the grid space. The Pitot tube is connected to the differential pressure sensor. One tube opening in the room is located at the door, and another at the window. By adjusting the insertion depth of the Pitot tube (i.e., adjusting the height of the attached thermocouple in the grid space), temperature and air pressure difference data at different heights within the grid space can be measured. Subsequently, the airflow velocity at different heights can be calculated using this data. Without altering the building's foundation, multiple rooms can be combined by removing transparent wall materials to simulate different room depth-to-bay ratios. The attached thermocouple is connected to a temperature acquisition unit via wiring to collect the temperature at the Pitot tube's detection point; the differential pressure sensor is connected to a differential pressure acquisition unit via wiring to collect the air pressure difference at the Pitot tube's detection point.
[0031] The temperature and differential pressure acquisition devices are connected to a computer via lines, transmitting data collected by thermocouples, bundled thermocouples, and differential pressure sensors to the computer and displaying the data on a monitor.
[0032] The fan brackets and fans are set up in each compartment as needed. The angle and speed of the fans are adjusted by inserting plates to simulate the mobile smoke exhaust fan carried by firefighters when entering a fire scene.
[0033] After completing the above settings, activate the fire source and smoke source of the fire source simulation device. Once heat and smoke have filled the area, start the fan to drive the flow of hot smoke and gas, thereby obtaining airflow information such as temperature and pressure difference at each cell location. Observe the changes in various data by placing the fan in different positions and using different door and window opening strategies to obtain the most efficient smoke and heat exhaust position and door and window opening strategy. This provides data basis for selecting the optimal placement of the mobile smoke exhaust fan and the opening control strategy (breaking down doors and windows or closing doors and windows, etc.) in a real fire situation.
[0034] The camera records images of the flue gas flow direction during the experiment for subsequent analysis and comparison.
[0035] This invention has a simple structure and can simulate various building interior space structures. It has high accuracy and reliability in flue gas simulation, greatly reducing research costs. Attached Figure Description
[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment.
[0037] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the stainless steel oil tank structure in an embodiment.
[0038] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the fan bracket structure for an example.
[0039] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a pitot tube structure for an example.
[0040] Figure 5 The following is an explanation of the Pitot tube test points in the stairwell for the example: A is the entrance to the stairwell, B is the entrance to the upper stairwell, and C is the entrance to the lower stairwell.
[0041] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the connection relationship of the temperature testing system in an example.
[0042] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the connection relationship of the wind speed testing system in an example.
[0043] The following numbers are labeled in the diagram: 1 is a two-story building, 2 is a pipe hole, 3 is a stainless steel oil tank, 4 is a fan base plate, 5 is a side plate, 6 is a plug plate, 7 is a camera, 8 is a temperature acquisition device, 9 is a Pitot tube, 10 is a bundled thermocouple, 11 is a differential pressure sensor, 12 is a differential pressure acquisition device, 13 is a computer, 14 is a thermocouple bracket, and 15 is a thermocouple. Detailed Implementation
[0044] This utility model mainly includes an environmental simulation device, a fire source simulation device, a smoke exhaust fan simulation device, a video recording system, a temperature testing system, a wind speed testing system, and a data receiving and processing system.
[0045] The environmental simulation device is a scaled-down multi-story building model, with multiple grid spaces serving as rooms, corridors, and stairwells. Each room is equipped with operable doors and windows, with the door positions corresponding to the corridors and the window positions corresponding to the exterior walls; specifically:
[0046] The environmental simulation device can be set as a two-story building 1 (because it is generally used to simulate and study the relationship between the flow of smoke between two adjacent upper and lower floors), with stainless steel as the main frame, fixed on a frame platform, and the bottom of the lower grid space can also be exposed;
[0047] The partitions are made of transparent materials such as quartz glass or flame-retardant PC. Depending on their size, the partitions are used as materials for scaled-down components such as walls, doors, windows, and floor slabs. The partitions are inserted into the stainless steel main frame after being edged with flame-retardant sealing strips, making them easy to replace, clean, and change the room layout.
[0048] By arranging partitions within the overall building framework, an environmental simulation device is created, with two rows of rooms on each floor and a corridor between the two rows of rooms. A grid space in the center of each row of rooms is left open, serving as a stairwell connecting the upper and lower floors. A door is installed on the side of the room facing the corridor, and a window is installed on the outer side. A pipe hole 2 is provided at the top of the upper grid space and at the bottom of the lower grid space, facilitating pipe insertion operations at the location of the pipe hole 2.
[0049] The room's grid space is equipped with two pipe openings 2, located near the window and near the door respectively;
[0050] The ceiling of the stairwell's grid-like space features three triangularly arranged pipe openings 2, corresponding to the stairwell entrance, the upper stairwell opening, and the lower stairwell opening, respectively; for example... Figure 5 As shown; thus, the Pitot tube at the entrance of the stairwell is used to measure the velocity of smoke spreading from the corridor to the stairwell, the Pitot tube at the top of the stairs is used to measure the velocity of smoke flowing into the upper floor, and the Pitot tube at the bottom of the stairs is used to measure the velocity of smoke flowing into the lower floor; no windows are installed on the side of the stairwell near the exterior wall, so a separate wiring harness hole can be installed.
[0051] As a grid space for corridors, etc., pipe holes 2 are set at intervals along the length of the corridor.
[0052] The entire main frame, partitions, floor slabs, building floors, and bottom base of the environmental simulation device are connected by screws, which facilitates disassembly and assembly and improves the variability of the device; the scale-down ratio of the environmental simulation device is 1:15 to 1:10.
[0053] The fire source simulation device is a cubic stainless steel oil tank 3 with a stainless steel mesh plate on top, such as... Figure 2 As shown; heptane is added to the oil tank to simulate a heat source, and smoke-generating materials such as smoke cakes can be placed on the stainless steel mesh plate to simulate a smoke source; the source simulation device 2 is set in the grid space of the environmental simulation device to simulate the location of the fire source in the building; among them, heptane serves as a calorific value source to ensure the controllability of the heat source; and the heat and smoke volume are independently controlled by superimposing low-heat smoke-generating substances as smoke sources; a piezoelectric ceramic igniter can be used to generate an electric arc to ignite the fuel, thereby improving the safety of the device.
[0054] The exhaust fan simulation device includes a fan bracket and a fan; the fan bracket includes a fan base plate 4, a side plate 5, and a pluggable insert plate 6; the fan is fixedly mounted on the insert plate 6.
[0055] The side plates 5 consist of two identical pieces, arranged parallel to each other and vertically fixed to the fan base plate 4. Each side plate 5 has several spaced slots along its top edge, at different angles to the horizontal plane. Insert plates 6 can be inserted into different slots to adjust and change the fan's airflow direction, simulating different exhaust fan angles. The angles between the slots and the horizontal plane are 90°, 75°, 60°, 45°, and 30°. Figure 3 As shown;
[0056] The fan is connected to a PWM controller and can be powered by a battery or by an external power supply. It can control the fan speed from 0 to 100% to simulate the air volume of different exhaust fans.
[0057] The smoke exhaust fan simulation device can be set in the corresponding grid space (corridor, non-fire source room, stairwell) in the environmental simulation device.
[0058] The video recording system includes a camera bracket and two cameras 7. The high-speed industrial cameras are fixed by the bracket and set on the top and side of the environmental simulation device. Through the transparent partition of the environmental simulation device, images of the horizontal and vertical spread of simulated fire smoke during the experiment can be captured and recorded for subsequent analysis and comparison.
[0059] The temperature testing system is used to monitor the temperature in the environmental simulation device, including a thermocouple bracket 14, thermocouples 15, and a temperature acquisition device 8. The thermocouple bracket 13 is a rectangular metal strip, vertically welded to a metal base plate. Several mounting holes are provided along the length of the metal strip. Several thermocouples 15 are correspondingly inserted into the mounting holes of the thermocouple bracket 14, so that temperature data at different heights in the grid space can be measured. Each thermocouple 15 is then connected to the temperature acquisition device 8. The thermocouple bracket 14 is set in the grid space.
[0060] The wind speed testing system, used to monitor temperature and differential pressure data in the environmental simulation device, and thus monitor flue gas velocity, includes a Pitot tube 9, a bundled thermocouple 10, a differential pressure sensor 11, and a differential pressure acquisition unit 12; wherein:
[0061] The Pitot tube 9 is a conventional wind speed and wind pressure Pitot tube, with a perforation on its main body. A thermocouple 10 is strapped through the perforation and fixed together with the Pitot tube 9. The Pitot tube 9 is also connected to a differential pressure sensor 11. Alternatively, the Pitot tube 9 can directly use an existing temperature, pressure and flow sensor.
[0062] The bundled thermocouple 10 is connected to the temperature acquisition unit 8 of the temperature testing system and the data receiving and processing system; the vent on the differential pressure sensor 11 is connected to the vent on the Pitot tube 9, and the differential pressure sensor 11 is then connected to the data receiving and processing system through the differential pressure acquisition unit 12.
[0063] The main body of the Pitot tube 9 is a cylinder with external threads on its surface and internal threads on its bore 2. The Pitot tube 9 is connected to the bore 2 via the threads. The measurement height can be controlled by selecting Pitot tubes with different probe lengths, and the height and orientation of the sensor on the Pitot tube 9 in the grid space can be finely adjusted by rotating the threads. The differential pressure sensor 11 measures the pressure difference data at the location of the Pitot tube 9 in the grid space. Combined with the temperature data at that location measured by the attached thermocouple 10, the air density measurement wind speed is corrected, and the flue gas velocity at that location can be calculated.
[0064] The data receiving and processing system, namely computer 13, is connected to temperature acquisition device 8 and differential pressure acquisition device 12. It receives temperature and differential pressure data and displays them on the screen to prepare for subsequent data processing and calculation of flue gas velocity.
[0065] Because there are many rooms and long corridors, the number of pipes involved will be large, and therefore the number of differential pressure sensors and thermocouples involved will also be large. Accordingly, the number of temperature acquisition devices 8 and differential pressure acquisition devices 12 can be increased according to the number of rooms being tested.
[0066] The temperature acquisition device 8, differential pressure sensor 11, differential pressure acquisition device 12, and computer 13 are set on another platform desktop, close to the platform desktop where the environmental simulation device is set.
[0067] The specific operating method is as follows:
[0068] Pitot tubes can be inserted into the tube holes at adjustable depths to measure temperature and pressure differences at different heights within the grid space. Without altering the building's foundation, multiple rooms can be combined by removing transparent wall materials to simulate different room depth-to-bay ratios.
[0069] A fire source is set up by placing a stainless steel oil tank in a specific room location. The heptane in the oil tank simulates the heat source, and the smoke-generating materials such as smoke cakes on the stainless steel mesh plate simulate the smoke source, so that heat and smoke can spread from one room to the corridor and other rooms.
[0070] A set of thermocouple brackets and thermocouples is provided, and there are several sets. As needed, the thermocouple brackets are placed in various rooms, corridors, and stairwells that need to be tested. The thermocouples on the thermocouple brackets are connected to the temperature acquisition device through wires, and the thermocouples collect the temperature of each area.
[0071] A set of Pitot tubes, bundled thermocouples, and differential pressure sensors, or several sets, are provided. The Pitot tubes, along with the bundled thermocouples, are inserted into the pipe openings in the room / corridor / stairwell as needed. In the room, one opening is located at the door, and another at the window. In the stairwell, openings are located at the stairwell entrance, the upper stairwell, and the lower stairwell. Corridor openings can be equidistantly spaced according to actual needs. The bundled thermocouples are connected to a temperature data acquisition unit via wiring to collect the temperature at the Pitot tube's detection point. The differential pressure sensors are connected to a differential pressure data acquisition unit via wiring to collect the air pressure difference at the Pitot tube's detection point.
[0072] The temperature and differential pressure data acquisition devices are connected to the computer via cables, transmitting the data collected by the thermocouples, bundled thermocouples, and differential pressure sensors to the computer and displaying the data on the monitor.
[0073] The fan bracket and fan are installed in corridors, stairwells, and non-fire-source rooms as needed. The fan angle is adjusted by the plug-in board, and the fan speed is controlled by the PWM control board. It simulates a mobile smoke exhaust fan carried by firefighters when entering a fire scene.
[0074] Wiring harness holes are installed on the exterior wall of the stairwell or a room in the environmental simulation device. Thermocouples, fans, and other wiring harnesses can pass through these holes and connect to the temperature and differential pressure data acquisition units. The wiring harness holes are sealed with fireproof putty. Alternatively, all wiring harnesses can be routed through the gaps between doors and windows to connect to the temperature and differential pressure data acquisition units. Or, unused conduits can be used to run the wiring, which is a standard technical operation and will not be elaborated upon.
[0075] After setup, the fire source and smoke source of the fire source simulation device are activated. Once heat and smoke have filled the area, the fan is activated to drive the flow of hot smoke and gas, thereby acquiring information such as temperature and pressure difference at the doors / windows and corridors of each room. By observing the changes in various data through different fan placement positions and different door and window opening strategies, the optimal smoke and heat exhaust position and door and window opening strategy can be obtained. This provides data basis for selecting an optimal fan placement position and opening control strategy (such as breaking down or closing doors and windows) in a real fire scene.
[0076] In addition, this utility model can also simulate other types of multi-story buildings (such as three-story buildings, divided into middle floor, bottom floor and top floor) or only simulate one floor of a multi-story building (such as only simulating the middle floor, bottom floor or top floor) by replacing or stacking the bottom plate and top transparent plate installed on the stainless steel frame.
[0077] In simulating a single-story building, replacing the base slab with one featuring a stairwell opening and inserting half of the stairwell top slab simulates the connection between the middle and upper floors, allowing for the measurement of flue gas temperature and velocity in the middle floors. Replacing the base slab with one without openings in the stairwell and inserting half of the top slab simulates the connection only upwards from the ground floor, allowing for the measurement of flue gas temperature and velocity at the ground floor. Replacing the base slab with one featuring openings in the stairwell and inserting the full top slab simulates the connection only downwards from the ground floor, allowing for the measurement of flue gas temperature and velocity at the top floor. For simulating a complete multi-story building, the base slab can be replaced with one without openings in the stairwell. The device consists of slots and recesses for installing the bottom layer of stainless steel columns, beams, and transparent panels for walls, doors, and windows. Installation proceeds layer by layer upwards from this base. Half-panels should be inserted into the stairwells of intermediate floors to maintain connectivity between floors, while full-panels should be inserted into the top stairwell for sealing. Pipes are installed at the top and bottom floors to monitor flue gas velocities, and thermocouple supports can be placed inside each floor to measure temperature. The device's layout resembles an environmental simulation device with two rows of rooms and a corridor between them. One area in each row of rooms is left open, serving as a stairwell connecting the upper and lower floors. Doors are located on the side of the rooms facing the corridor, and windows are located on the outer side.
[0078] The advantages of this utility model are:
[0079] The pluggable transparent visualization device allows for quick replacement of the cleaning device panels and flexible changes to the building layout. For example, by pulling out some glass panels to merge rooms, the aspect ratio of a single room can be changed to obtain more structural forms of simulated buildings. The interlayer uses threaded connections and modular room structure. Simply replace the base plate to expand the simulated building structure. It can support simulations with different numbers of rooms and different numbers of floors.
[0080] The heat and smoke separation method ensures the controllability of the heat source in the scaled-down experiment. The heat source and the smoke source using the smoke-generating substance are separated, allowing for independent control of heat and smoke volume.
[0081] In the wind speed testing system, the measuring device uses a Pitot tube coupled to a thermocouple, and the accuracy of speed measurement is improved by temperature-corrected density.
[0082] Although the above methods are illustrated and described as a series of structures for the sake of simplicity, it should be understood and appreciated that these methods are not specifically limited, as some structures may occur in different orders and / or concurrently with other actions from those illustrated and described herein or not illustrated and described herein but which may be understood by those skilled in the art, according to one or more embodiments.
[0083] The prior description of this disclosure is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use this disclosure. Various modifications to this disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the spirit or scope of this disclosure. Therefore, this disclosure is not intended to be limited to the examples and designs described herein, but should be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims
1. A multi-story corridor-style building fire smoke simulation experimental device, characterized in that, include: The environmental simulation device is a scaled-down multi-story building model with multiple grid spaces serving as rooms, corridors, and stairwells. Each room is equipped with a door and a window, with the door position corresponding to the corridor and the window position corresponding to the exterior wall. Pipe holes are provided at the top or bottom of the grid spaces. The fire source simulation device is a stainless steel oil tank with a stainless steel mesh plate on top. Fuel is added to the oil tank to simulate a heat source, and smoke-generating materials can be placed on the stainless steel mesh plate to simulate a smoke source. The fire source simulation device is set in the grid space of the environmental simulation device to simulate the location of the fire source in the building. The smoke exhaust fan simulation device includes a fan bracket and a fan; the fan is mounted on the fan bracket and the wind speed is adjustable; the fan bracket is positioned in the corresponding grid space of the environmental simulation device. A temperature testing system for monitoring temperature in an environmental simulation device includes a thermocouple holder, thermocouples, and a temperature acquisition unit; the thermocouples are mounted on the thermocouple holder and connected to the temperature acquisition unit; the thermocouple holder is located in a grid space. The wind speed testing system is used to monitor the flue gas velocity in an environmental simulation device. It includes a pitot tube, a bundled thermocouple, a differential pressure sensor, and a differential pressure acquisition device. The bundled thermocouple is set on the pitot tube, the pitot tube is connected to the differential pressure sensor, and the differential pressure sensor is then connected to the differential pressure acquisition device. The bundled thermocouple is connected to a computer via a temperature sensor. The Pitot tube is connected to the inside of the grid space through the tube hole. The differential pressure sensor measures the pressure difference data at the location of the Pitot tube in the grid space, and the thermocouple is attached to measure the temperature data at that location. The data receiving and processing system, which is a computer, connects to the temperature acquisition unit and the differential pressure acquisition unit, receives temperature and differential pressure data, and displays it on the screen.
2. The multi-story corridor-type building fire smoke simulation experimental device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The scale of the environmental simulation device is 1:15 to 1:
10.
3. The multi-story corridor-type building fire smoke simulation experimental device as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The environmental simulation device uses stainless steel as the main frame and transparent material partitions as walls, doors, and windows. The transparent material partitions are inserted into the stainless steel frame after being edged with flame-retardant sealing strips, making it easy to replace, clean, and change the room layout. The transparent material is quartz glass or flame-retardant PC.
4. The multi-story corridor-type building fire smoke simulation experimental device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The cubicle space serving as a room has two pipe openings, one near the window and the other near the door; the cubicle space serving as a corridor has pipe openings at equal intervals along its length.
5. The multi-story corridor-type building fire smoke simulation experimental device as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The cubicle space serving as the stairwell has three pipe openings, and the locations of the three pipe openings in the stairwell are respectively: the entrance of the stairwell, the entrance to the upper stairwell, and the entrance to the lower stairwell.
6. The multi-story corridor-type building fire smoke simulation experimental device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The fan bracket includes a fan base plate, a side plate, and a pluggable insert plate; the fan is fixedly mounted on the insert plate. The side plate is fixedly mounted on the fan base plate. The side plate has several slots arranged at intervals along its top edge, which are at different angles to the horizontal plane. The insert plate can be inserted into different slots to adjust and change the fan's airflow direction, simulating different exhaust fan angles.
7. The multi-story corridor-type building fire smoke simulation experimental device as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The slot is set at an angle of 90°, 75°, 60°, 45°, or 30° to the horizontal plane.
8. The multi-story corridor-type building fire smoke simulation experimental device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It is also equipped with a video recording system for filming the fire smoke simulation process, including a camera bracket and a camera. The camera is mounted on the camera bracket, which is set around the environmental simulation device, and the camera is pointed at the environmental simulation device.
9. The multi-story corridor-type building fire smoke simulation experimental device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The fuel is kerosene, diesel, gasoline or heptane; the smoke-generating material is a low-calorie smoke cake; heat and smoke volume are independently controlled by superimposing independent heat sources and independent smoke sources.