A fuel cell stack and a fuel cell

Abstract

This application relates to a fuel cell stack and a fuel cell. The fuel cell stack includes: a core, a first end plate, a second end plate, a first fastener, a second fastener, and a bidirectional adjusting fastener. The first end plate and the second end plate are respectively disposed on both sides of the core. A portion of the first fastener abuts against the side of the first end plate opposite to the core, and a portion of the second fastener abuts against the side of the second end plate opposite to the core. The bidirectional adjusting fastener has a first mounting hole and a second mounting hole, with the end of the first fastener fitted into the first mounting hole and the end of the second fastener fitted into the second mounting hole. After both the first and second fasteners are fitted with the bidirectional adjusting fastener, rotating the bidirectional adjusting fastener can bring the first and second fasteners closer together or further apart. When the first and second fasteners are close together, the first and second end plates are pressed against both sides of the core, providing a uniform clamping force to both sides of the core.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of fuel cell technology, and in particular to a fuel cell stack and a fuel cell. Background Technology

[0002] The fuel cell stack is its core component. To improve overall output speed, it typically consists of multiple individual cells stacked in series to form the stack core. A gas diffusion layer exists between the individual cells; compressing this layer reduces the contact resistance within the fuel cell. However, ensuring uniform stress on both sides of the stack core during the compaction process can negatively impact stack performance. Utility Model Content

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a fuel cell stack and fuel cell to address the problem of poor compaction effect of fuel cell stacks.

[0004] A fuel cell stack includes: a stack core, a first end plate, a second end plate, a first fastener, a second fastener, and a bidirectional adjusting fastener;

[0005] The first end plate and the second end plate are respectively disposed on both sides of the reactor core;

[0006] The first fastener abuts against the side of the first end plate opposite to the core, and the second fastener abuts against the side of the second end plate opposite to the core.

[0007] The bidirectional adjusting fastener has a first mounting hole and a second mounting hole. The first mounting hole is used to mount the end of a first fastener, and the second mounting hole is used to mount the end of a second fastener.

[0008] The bidirectional adjusting fastener can rotate relative to its own axis to make the first fastener and the second fastener move closer and further apart, thereby causing the first end plate and the second end plate to be pressed against both sides of the reactor core.

[0009] In one embodiment, the first fastener is configured as a first arc-shaped screw, the second fastener is configured as a second arc-shaped screw, and the bidirectional adjusting fastener is configured as a double-ended nut with both positive and negative threads;

[0010] The first arc-shaped screw includes a first rod segment and two first mating ends disposed at both ends of the first rod segment; the second arc-shaped screw includes a second rod segment and two second mating ends disposed at both ends of the second rod segment;

[0011] Both the first and second assembly holes are provided with internal threads, and the direction of the internal thread of the first assembly hole is opposite to that of the internal thread of the second assembly hole.

[0012] Both the outer surfaces of the first mating end and the second mating end are provided with external threads, and the external thread of the first mating end forms a threaded engagement with the internal thread of the first assembly hole;

[0013] The external thread of the second mating end and the internal thread of the second assembly hole form a threaded fit.

[0014] In one embodiment, both the first mounting hole and the second mounting hole are provided along the length direction of the double-ended nut with both positive and negative threads;

[0015] The first mounting hole has a first length along the length direction of the double-ended nut with both positive and negative threads, and the second mounting hole has a second length along the length direction of the double-ended nut with both positive and negative threads.

[0016] The first length is equal to the second length.

[0017] In one embodiment, the core has a stacking reference line, and a first end plate, a second end plate, a first fastener, a second fastener, and a bidirectional adjustment fastener are all arranged parallel to the stacking reference line. The core includes several single cells arranged along a direction parallel to the stacking reference line.

[0018] In one embodiment, a first damping spring is provided on the surface of the first end plate facing the core, and a second damping spring is provided on the surface of the second end plate facing the core.

[0019] In one embodiment, a first arc-shaped groove is formed on the side of the first end plate away from the core, and a second arc-shaped groove is formed on the side of the second end plate away from the core.

[0020] The first fastener is embedded in the first arc-shaped groove and abuts against the first end plate, and the second fastener is embedded in the second arc-shaped groove and abuts against the second end plate.

[0021] In one embodiment, a first insulating plate is sandwiched between the first end plate and the core, and a second insulating plate is sandwiched between the second end plate and the core.

[0022] A first current collector is sandwiched between the first insulating plate and the core, and a second current collector is sandwiched between the second insulating plate and the core.

[0023] In one embodiment, a plurality of first fasteners and second fasteners are provided respectively; each first fastener and second fastener is connected to each other by at least one bidirectional adjusting fastener.

[0024] In one embodiment, the first fastener is configured as one of stainless steel, aluminum, aluminum alloy, copper, iron, titanium, titanium alloy, fiberglass, or composite material.

[0025] And / or, the second fastener is set as one of stainless steel, aluminum, aluminum alloy, copper, iron, titanium, titanium alloy, fiberglass or composite material.

[0026] And / or, the bidirectional adjustable fastener is made of one of the following materials: stainless steel, aluminum, aluminum alloy, copper, iron, titanium, titanium alloy, fiberglass, or composite material.

[0027] A fuel cell comprising a fuel cell stack according to any of the above.

[0028] The aforementioned fuel cell stack includes: a core, a first end plate, a second end plate, a first fastener, a second fastener, and a bidirectional adjusting fastener. The first and second end plates are respectively disposed on opposite sides of the core. A portion of the first fastener abuts against the side of the first end plate facing away from the core, and a portion of the second fastener abuts against the side of the second end plate facing away from the core. The bidirectional adjusting fastener has a first mounting hole and a second mounting hole; one end of the first fastener is fitted into the first mounting hole, and one end of the second fastener is fitted into the second mounting hole. After both the first and second fasteners are fitted with the bidirectional adjusting fastener, rotating the bidirectional adjusting fastener allows the first and second fasteners to move closer or further apart, with the bidirectional adjusting fastener rotating relative to its own central axis. The first and second fasteners abut against the first and second end plates respectively. When the first and second fasteners approach each other, the first and second end plates are pressed against the sides of the core. The first and second end plates provide a surface-loaded clamping force to both sides of the core, and the clamping force remains uniform on both sides. Ensuring uniform stress distribution across the entire fuel cell stack optimizes its operational status and makes the stack structure more compact. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of a fuel cell stack provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0030] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Top view.

[0031] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Side view.

[0032] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the bidirectional adjustable fastener provided in the embodiments of this application.

[0033] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the bidirectional adjustable fastener provided in the embodiment of this application from another perspective.

[0034] Figure 6This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of a fuel cell stack after removing the core, as provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0035] Icon labels:

[0036] 1000, reactor core;

[0037] 2000, First end plate; 2001, First arc-shaped groove;

[0038] 3000, Second end plate; 3001, Second arc-shaped groove;

[0039] 4000, First fastener; 4001, First rod segment; 4002, First mating end;

[0040] 5000, Second fastener; 5001, Second rod segment; 5002, Second mating end;

[0041] 6000, Bidirectional adjusting fastener; 6001, First mounting hole; 6002, Second mounting hole;

[0042] 7000, First damping spring; 7001, Second damping spring;

[0043] 8000, First insulating board; 8001, Second insulating board;

[0044] 9000, First manifold; 9001, Second manifold;

[0045] aa, Stacking baseline. Detailed Implementation

[0046] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of this application. However, this application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of this application. Therefore, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0047] In the description of this application, it should be understood that if terms such as "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential" appear, these terms indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

[0048] Furthermore, where the terms "first" and "second" appear, these terms are for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this application, where the term "multiple" appears, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0049] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "joining," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise expressly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0050] In this application, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the use of descriptions such as "above" or "below" the second feature indicates that the first and second features are in direct contact or indirect contact via an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "on top of," and "over" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. Similarly, "below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0051] It should be noted that if an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there may be an intervening element. If an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. If so, the terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and similar expressions used in this application are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementation.

[0052] See Figure 1 - Appendix Figure 3 As shown, Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of a fuel cell stack provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 2 for Figure 1 Top view. Figure 3 for Figure 1 A side view of a fuel cell stack includes a core 1000, a first end plate 2000, a second end plate 3000, a first fastener 4000, a second fastener 5000, and a bidirectional adjusting fastener 6000. The first end plate 2000 and the second end plate 3000 are respectively disposed on both sides of the core 1000. A portion of the first fastener 4000 abuts against the side of the first end plate 2000 opposite to the core 1000, and a portion of the second fastener 5000 abuts against the side of the second end plate 3000 opposite to the core 1000.

[0053] The bidirectional adjusting fastener 6000 has a first mounting hole 6001 and a second mounting hole 6002. The end of a first fastener 4000 is fitted into the first mounting hole 6001, and the end of a second fastener 5000 is fitted into the second mounting hole 6002. After both the first fastener 4000 and the second fastener 5000 are fitted with the bidirectional adjusting fastener 6000, rotating the bidirectional adjusting fastener 6000 can move the first fastener 4000 and the second fastener 5000 closer together or further apart, wherein the bidirectional adjusting fastener 6000 will rotate relative to its own central axis.

[0054] The first fastener 4000 and the second fastener 5000 abut against the first end plate 2000 and the second end plate 3000 respectively. When the first fastener 4000 and the second fastener 5000 approach each other, the first end plate 2000 and the second end plate 3000 will be pressed against both sides of the core 1000.

[0055] The first end plate 2000 and the second end plate 3000 are located on both sides of the reactor core 1000, respectively. Their main function is to protect and support the reactor core 1000. In actual use, the first end plate 2000 and the second end plate 3000 can be set as either the anode end plate or the cathode end plate. The shape and material of the end plates need to be selected according to the characteristics of the reactor core 1000 and the operating environment. For example, metal materials with good strength and corrosion resistance can be used to ensure that deformation or damage will not occur during long-term use. The first fastener 4000 and the second fastener 5000 will apply pressure to the end plates on both sides of the reactor core 1000 to ensure the stability of the reactor core 1000.

[0056] The first fastener 4000 and the second fastener 5000 can adopt similar structures such as screws, bolts or other suitable structures. The specific structural form needs to be designed according to the stress requirements of the overall fuel cell stack and the installation space.

[0057] The bidirectional adjusting fastener 6000 has a first mounting hole 6001 and a second mounting hole 6002. The first mounting hole 6001 is used to mount the end of a first fastener 4000, and the second mounting hole 6002 is used to mount the end of a second fastener 5000. These two mounting holes need to ensure that the first fastener 4000 and the second fastener 5000 can be accurately inserted into them, and that the bidirectional adjusting fastener 6000 will not loosen or shift during rotation.

[0058] When the bidirectional adjusting fastener 6000 rotates, it converts rotation into linear motion, thereby causing the first fastener 4000 and the second fastener 5000 to move closer to or further away from the core 1000. This can be achieved through the internal threaded structure of the bidirectional adjusting fastener 6000, for example, by setting threads in the mounting hole to engage with the threads of the first fastener 4000 and the second fastener 5000. When the bidirectional adjusting fastener 6000 rotates, the threads cause the first fastener 4000 and the second fastener 5000 to move axially along the mounting hole.

[0059] By precisely adjusting the first fastener 4000 and the second fastener 5000 through the bidirectional adjustment fastener 6000, the pressure applied from both sides of the core 1000 can be distributed more evenly. This avoids the problem of inconsistent tightening force between the two opposing screws, preventing the end plates from bending due to uneven stress, thus ensuring uniform pressure on the membrane electrode assembly and bipolar plates of the fuel cell stack and improving the performance of the fuel cell stack. It can better ensure the overall uniformity of stress on the stack, transmitting the fastening force to the core 1000 in a more reasonable way, thereby optimizing the stack's operating state and improving the efficiency of the electrochemical reaction. This design makes the entire stack structure more compact, which is beneficial to improving the volumetric power density of the stack. Furthermore, due to its relatively lightweight structure, it has great potential for application in scenarios with high weight requirements, such as drones and portable power supplies. This compact and lightweight design can meet the special requirements of fuel cell stacks in special application scenarios, expanding the application range of fuel cell stacks.

[0060] The bidirectional adjusting fastener 6000 can be rotated to adjust the position of the first fastener 4000 and the second fastener 5000, allowing for convenient fine-tuning of the tightness of the reactor core 1000. When maintenance or repair of the reactor core is required, the first fastener 4000 and the second fastener 5000 can be loosened from the reactor core 1000 simply by rotating the bidirectional adjusting fastener 6000 in the opposite direction.

[0061] In some embodiments of this application, reference is made to the appended specification. Figure 4 - Appendix Figure 6 , Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the bidirectional adjustable fastener provided in the embodiments of this application. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the bidirectional adjustable fastener provided in the embodiment of this application from another perspective. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the fuel cell stack after removing the core, as provided in the embodiments of this application. The first fastener 4000 is configured as a first arc-shaped screw, the second fastener 5000 is configured as a second arc-shaped screw, and the bidirectional adjusting fastener 6000 is configured as a double-ended nut with both positive and negative threads.

[0062] The first arc-shaped screw includes a first rod segment 4001 and two first mating ends 4002 disposed at both ends of the first rod segment 4001; the second arc-shaped screw includes a second rod segment 5001 and two second mating ends 5002 disposed at both ends of the second rod segment 5001.

[0063] Both fasteners are arc-shaped screws, which better conform to the shape of the fuel cell stack. This arc shape provides a better fit and more even force distribution. The first segment 4001 and the second segment 5001, as the main load-bearing components, need their length and curvature customized according to the size and shape of the fuel cell stack to ensure effective pressure transmission to the end plates. The external threads of the first mating end 4002 and the second mating end 5002 at both ends are key to the connection with the bidirectional adjusting fastener 6000 (double-ended nut with both positive and negative threads). The specifications of their external threads must match the internal threads of the bidirectional adjusting fastener 6000 to ensure a good thread fit.

[0064] Both the first mounting hole 6001 and the second mounting hole 6002 have internal threads, and the direction of the internal thread in the first mounting hole 6001 is opposite to that in the second mounting hole 6002. The outer surfaces of both the first mating end 4002 and the second mating end 5002 have external threads. The external thread of the first mating end 4002 and the internal thread of the first mounting hole 6001 form a threaded engagement. The external thread of the second mating end 5002 and the internal thread of the second mounting hole 6002 also form a threaded engagement.

[0065] When the double-ended nut with forward and reverse threads rotates, because the threads in the first mounting hole 6001 and the second mounting hole 6002 rotate in opposite directions, the first mating end 4002 and the second mating end 5002 that mate with them will produce opposite linear movements. For example, when the double-ended nut with forward and reverse threads rotates in the forward direction, the first mating end 4002 will move closer to the core 1000, while the second mating end 5002 will move away from the core 1000; conversely, when rotated in the reverse direction, the directions of movement are opposite.

[0066] Because of the use of arc-shaped screws, their shape can better adapt to the shape of the fuel cell stack. When tightening, the arc-shaped screws can provide a pressure distribution that fits more closely to the surface of the stack, achieving surface-loaded clamping force. This makes the force on the stack more uniform and avoids the problem of excessive or insufficient local pressure caused by the mismatch between the screw shape and the stack shape. This improves the pressure uniformity of the membrane electrode and bipolar plates in the stack, thereby enhancing the performance of the fuel cell stack.

[0067] The combination of the arc-shaped screw and the double-ended nut with both positive and negative threads ensures a tighter fit while making the entire structure more compact, thus improving the volumetric power density of the fuel cell stack. This compact structure helps reduce the overall size of the fuel cell stack, enabling it to achieve higher power output within a limited space, which is a significant advantage for applications with high space requirements, such as small mobile devices.

[0068] This structure is easy to disassemble and maintain. When the fuel cell stack needs to be repaired or parts replaced, simply rotate the double-ended nut with both positive and negative threads to easily loosen or tighten the arc-shaped screw. This avoids the disassembly difficulties and potential damage caused by welding or complex bolt connections in traditional strap-type clamping methods.

[0069] The ease of operation makes maintenance more convenient, reduces damage to the fuel cell stack caused by disassembly and maintenance operations, extends the service life of the fuel cell stack, reduces maintenance costs, and improves the overall reliability and economy of the fuel cell stack.

[0070] In some embodiments of this application, the first mounting hole 6001 and the second mounting hole 6002 are both arranged along the length direction of the double-ended nut with positive and negative threads. This arrangement can better guide the movement direction of the first arc-shaped screw and the second arc-shaped screw.

[0071] The first mounting hole 6001 has a first length along the length direction of the double-ended nut with both positive and negative threads, and the second mounting hole 6002 has a second length along the length direction of the double-ended nut with both positive and negative threads; the first length and the second length are equal. The equality of the first length of the first mounting hole 6001 and the second length of the second mounting hole 6002 ensures the symmetry of the entire structure.

[0072] Specifically, the size of the first and second arc-shaped screws needs to be reasonably determined based on their stroke requirements, so that they can meet the adjustment range requirements without being too long and causing the structure to be loose, or too short and limiting the adjustment range.

[0073] When the first and second arc-shaped screws are installed into the mounting holes of the double-ended threaded nut, the equal length of the mounting holes results in better symmetry of the arc-shaped screws under stress. This symmetrical design needs to be coordinated with the curvature and length of the arc-shaped screws, as well as the size and material of the double-ended threaded nut. For example, when tightening the double-ended threaded nut, it is essential to ensure that the arc-shaped screws at both ends move evenly within the first and second length ranges, preventing uneven stress or limited movement at one end due to inconsistent lengths.

[0074] To achieve precise adjustment, corresponding marks or scales can be set at both ends of the double-ended nut with positive and negative threads, so that operators can intuitively understand the degree and position of adjustment, thereby more accurately controlling the position of the first arc-shaped screw and the second arc-shaped screw, and thus adjusting the clamping force of the fuel cell stack.

[0075] Because the lengths of the first mounting hole 6001 and the second mounting hole 6002 are equal, the range of movement of the arc-shaped screws at both ends is relatively consistent when rotating the double-ended nut with both positive and negative threads, ensuring accuracy and consistency during adjustment. The equal lengths of the first and second ends guarantee the symmetry of the double-ended nut structure, resulting in better balance between the first and second arc-shaped screws under stress. This contributes to greater overall stability of the fuel cell stack, preventing excessive or insufficient stress on one end due to asymmetry, thereby improving the stability of the fuel cell stack during operation.

[0076] The first mounting hole 6001 and the second mounting hole 6002 are set along the length direction of the double-ended nut with positive and negative threads and have equal lengths. This enhances the symmetry and stability of the fuel cell stack fastening structure, improves the accuracy and consistency of adjustment, and also brings convenience to manufacturing and maintenance, thus ensuring the efficient operation and long-term stable use of the fuel cell stack.

[0077] In some embodiments of this application, the core 1000 has a stacking reference line aa, and the first end plate 2000, the second end plate 3000, the first fastener 4000, the second fastener 5000 and the bidirectional adjustment fastener 6000 are all arranged parallel to the stacking reference line aa. The core 1000 includes several single cells arranged along the stacking reference line aa.

[0078] In actual setup, the first step is to determine the stacking baseline aa, which can be determined based on the installation location of the fuel cell stack, the operating environment, or the workflow. Individual cells must be arranged neatly and tightly in a direction parallel to the stacking baseline aa, with appropriate spacing between adjacent cells.

[0079] The first end plate 2000, the second end plate 300, and the core 1000 are all located on the same baseline, which is parallel to the stacking baseline aa. During installation, the axial direction of the first and second arc-shaped screw segments and mating ends should be parallel to the stacking baseline aa. When mating with the end plates, ensure they are perpendicular to the end plate plane to avoid uneven stress caused by installation tilt.

[0080] When installing the double-ended nut with both positive and negative threads, its length direction should be parallel to the stacking reference line aa, and the first mounting hole 6001 and the second mounting hole 6002 should be accurately aligned with the mating ends of the first and second arc-shaped screws to ensure the effectiveness of the threaded fit. To ensure parallelism, a special tooling fixture can be used for auxiliary installation during the installation process to avoid assembly deviations.

[0081] Each individual cell is arranged along the stack baseline aa. This parallel structure helps ensure consistent performance across all cells. A gas diffusion layer, located between the cells, serves to transfer gas and conduct current. The parallel arrangement of components facilitates overall performance monitoring and adjustment of the fuel cell stack, making it easier to evaluate the performance and optimize parameters of each part, thus maintaining optimal performance during long-term operation.

[0082] When the first fastener 4000 (first arc-shaped screw) and the second fastener 5000 (second arc-shaped screw) tighten the core 1000, pressure is generated on the gas diffusion layer between the individual cells, causing the gas diffusion layer to be compressed. During the design process, the tightening torque or preload of the first and second arc-shaped screws needs to be reasonably determined based on the material properties of the gas diffusion layer and the required degree of compression.

[0083] An appropriate preload range can be determined through experiments or simulations to ensure that the gas diffusion layer can reduce the contact resistance inside the fuel cell after compression, while avoiding over-compression that could damage the gas diffusion layer structure or cause excessively low porosity, thus affecting the gas diffusion performance.

[0084] By pressing the gas diffusion layer together with the first fastener 4000 and the second fastener 5000, the thickness of the gas diffusion layer can be reduced, thereby increasing the contact area between its internal particles and reducing the contact resistance. This helps to improve the electrical conductivity of the fuel cell, reduce energy loss during conduction, and improve the overall efficiency of the fuel cell stack.

[0085] Lower contact resistance allows the fuel cell stack to output a larger current at the same voltage, increasing the stack's power output capability and thus improving fuel cell performance. Especially under high power output conditions, it can reduce heat generation caused by resistance and improve the stack's energy conversion efficiency.

[0086] Because the gas diffusion layer is stably compressed, it has a tighter contact with the single cell, reducing performance fluctuations caused by poor contact.

[0087] Uniform compression also avoids local performance problems caused by differences in the performance of the gas diffusion layer, enabling each cell to operate under good conditions, improving the overall performance consistency of the stack, and contributing to more stable power output and better durability.

[0088] In some embodiments of this application, a first damping spring 7000 is provided on the surface of the first end plate 2000 facing the core 1000, and a second damping spring 7001 is provided on the surface of the second end plate 3000 facing the core 1000.

[0089] Select appropriate damping springs based on the overall structure of the fuel cell stack and the expected stress relaxation conditions to ensure that the springs can provide sufficient support force to maintain the compacted state of the core 1000 after stress relaxation.

[0090] The first damping spring 7000 is installed on the surface of the first end plate 2000 facing the core 1000, and the second damping spring 7001 is installed on the surface of the second end plate 3000 facing the core 1000. The length and diameter of the springs are designed according to the size of the end plates and the structure of the core 1000, so that they have enough space to be compressed in the uncompressed state, and at the same time, they will not lose their elasticity or be damaged due to excessive compression in the compressed state.

[0091] After the first and second arc-shaped screws are installed, the first damping spring 7000 and the second damping spring 7001 should be in a compressed state. During the tightening operation, the compression of the springs should be considered, and the required compression should be achieved by adjusting the preload of the fasteners. To ensure that the springs can effectively support the reactor core 1000 after long-term stress relaxation of the fasteners, the initial compression can be determined by combining theoretical calculations and experimental tests.

[0092] When fasteners (such as arc-shaped screws) experience stress relaxation after long-term use, the first damping spring 7000 and the second damping spring 7001 can provide additional support force to keep the core 1000 in a compressed state and prevent the performance of the fuel cell stack from deteriorating due to stress relaxation of the fasteners.

[0093] The continuous support of the reactor core 1000 by the damping springs reduces performance fluctuations caused by fastener stress relaxation, making the reactor stack's performance more stable during long-term use. This helps ensure the stability of the reactor stack's output power and avoids power fluctuations and efficiency reductions caused by pressure changes.

[0094] In some embodiments of this application, a first arc-shaped groove 2001 is formed on the side of the first end plate 2000 facing away from the core 1000, and a second arc-shaped groove 3001 is formed on the side of the second end plate 3000 facing away from the core 1000. A first fastener 4000 is embedded in the first arc-shaped groove 2001 and abuts against the first end plate 2000, and a second fastener 5000 is embedded in the second arc-shaped groove 3001 and abuts against the second end plate 3000.

[0095] For the first arc-shaped groove 2001 on the side of the first end plate 2000 facing away from the core 1000 and the second arc-shaped groove 3001 on the side of the second end plate 3000 facing away from the core 1000, the shape and size of the arc need to be precisely matched according to the shape and size of the first fastener 4000 (first arc-shaped screw) and the second fastener 5000 (second arc-shaped screw) during the design process.

[0096] The radius and depth of the arc-shaped groove must be sufficient to fully accommodate parts of the first fastener 4000 and the second fastener 5000. The surface of the groove must be finely machined to ensure a good fit with the fastener surface. The position of the arc-shaped groove should be coordinated with the layout of the core 1000 and the installation position of the subsequent bidirectional adjusting fastener 6000 to make the entire structure compact and reasonable.

[0097] The first arc-shaped screw should be embedded in the first arc-shaped groove 2001 and abut against the first end plate 2000, and the second arc-shaped screw should be embedded in the second arc-shaped groove 3001 and abut against the second end plate 3000. During the embedding process, the fit accuracy between the fastener and the groove should be ensured to avoid excessive clearance or interference.

[0098] Appropriate guides or positioning tools can be used during installation to ensure that the fasteners accurately enter the curved groove and that their axis is perpendicular to the end plate, thus ensuring even force distribution between the fasteners and the end plate. During assembly, care should be taken to avoid damaging the end plate and fasteners during insertion; for example, the ends of the fasteners can be appropriately chamfered to facilitate smooth insertion into the groove.

[0099] When the first arc-shaped screw is embedded in the first arc-shaped groove 2001 and the second arc-shaped screw is embedded in the second arc-shaped groove 3001, the connection between the arc-shaped screw and the end plate is more stable. This embedding structure can effectively prevent the fasteners from moving or rotating relative to each other during the operation of the fuel cell stack, thus improving the stability of the structure.

[0100] Because the fasteners are embedded in the grooves, the space occupied by the fasteners on the outside of the end plate is reduced, making the entire fuel cell stack structure more compact. This is very beneficial for improving the volumetric power density of the fuel cell stack, especially in space-constrained applications such as aerospace and portable devices.

[0101] In some embodiments of this application, a first insulating plate 8000 is sandwiched between the first end plate 2000 and the core 1000, and a second insulating plate 8001 is sandwiched between the second end plate 3000 and the core 1000.

[0102] A first current collector 9000 is sandwiched between the first insulating plate 8000 and the core 1000, and a second current collector 9001 is sandwiched between the second insulating plate 8001 and the core 1000.

[0103] The first insulating plate 8000 is sandwiched between the first end plate 2000 and the core 1000, and the second insulating plate 8001 is sandwiched between the second end plate 3000 and the core 1000. During installation, it is important to ensure that the insulating plates are positioned accurately so that they completely cover the contact area between the end plate and the core 1000, avoiding any areas where insulation is not applied.

[0104] The first current collector 9000 is sandwiched between the first insulating plate 8000 and the core 1000, and the second current collector 9001 is sandwiched between the second insulating plate 8001 and the core 1000. The main function of the current collector is to collect and conduct current. Its size must match the insulating plate and the core 1000 to ensure that it can effectively cover the required area.

[0105] First, place the first insulating plate 8000 on the side of the first end plate 2000 closest to the core 1000. Then, place the first current collector 9000 on the side of the first insulating plate 8000 closest to the core 1000. Next, install the core 1000. Then, install the second current collector 9001, the second insulating plate 8001, and the second end plate 3000 on the other side of the core 1000 in the same order. During assembly, pay attention to the cleanliness of each component to avoid the introduction of impurities that could affect the performance of the fuel cell stack.

[0106] The presence of the insulating plate and current collector plate affects the stress distribution of the entire fuel cell stack. Therefore, when installing the first fastener 4000 and the second fastener 5000 (such as the first arc-shaped screw and the second arc-shaped screw), the compression of the insulating plate and current collector plate needs to be considered. The preload of the fasteners should be adjusted appropriately based on the thickness and compressibility of the insulating plate and current collector plate to ensure that, after tightening, the insulating plate and current collector plate can perform their intended function without being damaged by excessive compression.

[0107] For the current collector plate, its contact with the reactor core 1000 needs to ensure good conductivity. Simultaneously, the connection between the current collector plate and subsequent circuit systems must be considered to ensure that current can be smoothly transferred from the reactor core 1000 to the external circuit. The current collector plate can be connected to the external circuit through welding, conductive sheets, or conductive bolts, and the connection points must ensure good conductivity and mechanical stability.

[0108] The installation of the first insulating plate 8000 and the second insulating plate 8001 can effectively prevent current leakage from the end plates, avoiding safety problems and performance degradation caused by leakage. During the operation of the fuel cell, due to the high voltage and current, the insulating plates can ensure the electrical safety of the stack, ensure the insulation between the end plates and the core 1000, and improve the safety and reliability of the stack.

[0109] The presence of the first current collector 9000 and the second current collector 9001 helps to effectively collect and conduct the current within the core 1000. They can concentrate and transmit the current generated by a single cell, reducing energy loss due to current dispersion and improving the current collection efficiency of the fuel cell stack.

[0110] In some embodiments of this application, a plurality of first fasteners 4000 and second fasteners 5000 are provided respectively; each first fastener 4000 and each second fastener 5000 are connected by at least one bidirectional adjusting fastener 6000.

[0111] Several first fasteners 4000 and second fasteners 5000 are correspondingly provided, meaning that multiple first arc-shaped screws and second arc-shaped screws will be evenly distributed on both sides of the fuel cell stack. When arranging these fasteners, the number and position of the bidirectional adjusting fasteners 6000 should be reasonably determined based on the size and shape of the core 1000 and the required fastening force distribution. For example, the first fasteners 4000 and second fasteners 5000 can be equidistantly distributed along the length or width of the core 1000 to ensure uniform and balanced pressure applied to the end plates.

[0112] During manufacturing and installation, it is essential to ensure that the dimensions and shape accuracy of each first and second arc-shaped screw are consistent to avoid affecting the overall tightening effect due to individual differences. Furthermore, the installation position of each fastener should be on the same plane; positioning templates or measuring tools can be used to ensure installation accuracy.

[0113] Each first fastener 4000 and second fastener 5000 is connected by at least one bidirectional adjusting fastener 6000. For each pair of opposing first fasteners 4000 and second fasteners 5000, their opposing ends are connected by a bidirectional adjusting fastener 6000. Considering that the first and second arc-shaped screws typically have two opposing ends, each end needs to be connected.

[0114] When connecting the bidirectional adjusting fastener 6000, ensure that its first mounting hole 6001 and second mounting hole 6002 precisely mate with the mating ends of the first arc-shaped screw and the second arc-shaped screw, respectively. The dimensions and position of the bidirectional adjusting fastener 6000 need to be precisely designed to ensure that it can simultaneously and well mate with the external threads of the two opposite ends, avoiding assembly difficulties or thread damage.

[0115] In practice, one end of the mating device can be inserted into the corresponding assembly hole first, and then the bidirectional adjusting fastener 6000 can be rotated to make it threadedly connected to the other end of the mating device. During the connection process, it is necessary to ensure that the axes of each component are aligned to avoid uneven force due to eccentric connection.

[0116] When using multiple bidirectional adjusting fasteners 6000, the coordinated operation between them needs to be considered. To ensure uniform tightening of the end plate and the core 1000, a synchronous adjustment method can be adopted, such as using automated equipment to simultaneously rotate multiple bidirectional adjusting fasteners 6000, ensuring that all the first arc-shaped screws and second arc-shaped screws move synchronously.

[0117] During the adjustment process, the rotation angle or tightening torque of the bidirectional adjusting fastener 6000 must be precisely controlled according to different working stages and fuel cell performance requirements. The adjustment process can be monitored using torque or angle sensors to ensure that the adjustment amount of the bidirectional adjusting fastener 6000 at different positions on the first and second arc-shaped screws is consistent, avoiding problems of excessive or insufficient local pressure caused by asynchronous adjustment.

[0118] The arrangement of multiple first fasteners 4000 and second fasteners 5000 can distribute the fastening force more evenly, avoiding localized deformation or damage to the end plates and core 1000 caused by force concentration on a single fastener. They better enclose the end plates and other components on both sides of the core 1000, providing more comprehensive and uniform pressure, making the stress on the core 1000 more balanced, and improving the structural stability of the fuel cell stack.

[0119] Compared to a single or few fasteners, a multi-fastener system is better able to cope with stress changes in the fuel cell stack under different operating conditions, such as internal pressure fluctuations, external vibrations or impacts, and can more effectively maintain the stability of the core 1000.

[0120] Each first fastener 4000 and second fastener 5000 is connected by a bidirectional adjusting fastener 6000, allowing for individual or group adjustment of the fastening force at different locations. By adjusting the different bidirectional adjusting fasteners 6000 to varying degrees, local pressure fine-tuning can be performed according to the local requirements of the reactor core 1000, improving the flexibility of adjustment.

[0121] In some embodiments of this application, the first fastener 4000 is configured as one of stainless steel, aluminum, aluminum alloy, copper, iron, titanium, titanium alloy, fiberglass, or composite material.

[0122] The second fastener 5000 is configured to be one of the following: stainless steel, aluminum, aluminum alloy, copper, iron, titanium, titanium alloy, fiberglass, or composite material.

[0123] The bidirectional adjusting fastener 6000 is configured as an insulating component. The specific configurations of the first fastener 4000, the second fastener 5000, and the bidirectional adjusting fastener 6000 can be found in existing technologies and will not be elaborated upon here.

[0124] During installation, attention should be paid to the fit between the first fastener 4000, the second fastener 5000, and the bidirectional adjusting fastener 6000, which are made of different materials, and other components, such as the fit with the arc-shaped groove of the end plate, to ensure a tight fit and good force transmission.

[0125] A fuel cell includes the aforementioned fuel cell stack. According to the aforementioned fuel cell stack structure, the stack core 1000, first end plate 2000, second end plate 3000, first fastener 4000, second fastener 5000, bidirectional adjusting fastener 6000, shock-absorbing spring, insulating plate, current collector, and other components are assembled in an orderly manner.

[0126] For core 1000, ensure that the individual cells arranged along the stacking baseline aa are neatly aligned, and that the gas diffusion layers between the individual cells are accurately positioned to avoid misalignment or damage. The first insulating plate 8000 and the second insulating plate 8001 are respectively sandwiched between the first end plate 2000 and core 1000, and between the second end plate 3000 and core 1000. Then, the first current collector 9000 and the second current collector 9001 are sandwiched between the insulating plates and core 1000, ensuring they are tightly fitted and correctly positioned to achieve good insulation and current conduction.

[0127] The first arc-shaped groove 2001 on the side of the first end plate 2000 facing away from the core 1000 and the second arc-shaped groove 3001 on the side of the second end plate 3000 facing away from the core 1000 need to be precisely machined to ensure that the first fastener 4000 (such as the first arc-shaped screw) and the second fastener 5000 (such as the second arc-shaped screw) can be accurately embedded in them and have good contact with the end plates after being embedded. On the surfaces of the first end plate 2000 and the second end plate 3000 facing the core 1000, the first damping spring 7000 and the second damping spring 7001 are installed in place, so that they are in a compressed state, providing buffering and support for the fuel cell stack after stress relaxation.

[0128] The first fastener 4000, the second fastener 5000, and the bidirectional adjusting fastener 6000 are manufactured from suitable materials. Depending on the specific application, they are made of stainless steel, aluminum, aluminum alloy, copper, iron, titanium, titanium alloy, fiberglass, or composite materials, ensuring machining accuracy and that their dimensions and shapes meet design requirements. The first fastener 4000 and the second fastener 5000 are paired and evenly distributed on both sides of the reactor core 1000. The opposite ends of each first fastener 4000 and second fastener 5000 are connected by the bidirectional adjusting fastener 6000, achieving both fastening and adjustment of the reactor core 1000.

[0129] When connecting the bidirectional adjusting fastener 6000, it is necessary to ensure that the internal threads of the first mounting hole 6001 and the second mounting hole 6002 are accurately engaged with the external threads of the mating ends of the first fastener 4000 and the second fastener 5000. By rotating the bidirectional adjusting fastener 6000, the fuel cell stack can be brought to the required tightness. At the same time, attention should be paid to the adjustment of the fastening force. Tools such as torque wrenches can be used to control the magnitude of the fastening force to ensure that the core 1000 is subjected to uniform force.

[0130] The assembly method of the fuel cell stack within the fuel cell can refer to existing technologies, and will not be elaborated further in this article.

[0131] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0132] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these all fall within the protection scope of this application. Therefore, the protection scope of this patent application should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A fuel cell stack, characterized by, The fuel cell stack includes: a core (1000), a first end plate (2000), a second end plate (3000), a first fastener (4000), a second fastener (5000), and a bidirectional adjusting fastener (6000). The first end plate (2000) and the second end plate (3000) are respectively disposed on both sides of the core (1000); A portion of the first fastener (4000) abuts against the side of the first end plate (2000) opposite to the core (1000), and a portion of the second fastener (5000) abuts against the side of the second end plate (3000) opposite to the core (1000). The bidirectional adjusting fastener (6000) has a first mounting hole (6001) and a second mounting hole (6002). The first mounting hole (6001) is used to mount an end of a first fastener (4000), and the second mounting hole (6002) is used to mount an end of a second fastener (5000). The bidirectional adjusting fastener (6000) can rotate relative to its own axis so that the first fastener (4000) and the second fastener (5000) move closer and further apart, thereby causing the first end plate (2000) and the second end plate (3000) to press against both sides of the core (1000).

2. The fuel cell stack of claim 1, wherein The first fastener (4000) is configured as a first arc-shaped screw, the second fastener (5000) is configured as a second arc-shaped screw, and the bidirectional adjusting fastener (6000) is configured as a double-ended nut with positive and negative threads; The first arc-shaped screw includes a first rod segment (4001) and two first mating ends (4002) disposed at both ends of the first rod segment (4001); the second arc-shaped screw includes a second rod segment (5001) and two second mating ends (5002) disposed at both ends of the second rod segment (5001). Both the first assembly hole (6001) and the second assembly hole (6002) are provided with internal threads, and the direction of the internal thread of the first assembly hole (6001) is opposite to the direction of the internal thread of the second assembly hole (6002); The outer surfaces of the first mating end (4002) and the second mating end (5002) are both provided with external threads, and the external thread of the first mating end (4002) and the internal thread of the first assembly hole (6001) form a threaded engagement; The external thread of the second mating end (5002) and the internal thread of the second assembly hole (6002) form a threaded engagement.

3. The fuel cell stack of claim 2, wherein Both the first mounting hole (6001) and the second mounting hole (6002) are provided along the length direction of the double-ended nut with positive and negative threads; The first mounting hole (6001) has a first length along the length direction of the double-ended nut with positive and negative threads, and the second mounting hole (6002) has a second length along the length direction of the double-ended nut with positive and negative threads; The first length is equal to the second length.

4. The fuel cell stack of claim 1, wherein The core (1000) has a stacking reference line. The first end plate (2000), the second end plate (3000), the first fastener (4000), the second fastener (5000) and the bidirectional adjustment fastener (6000) are all arranged parallel to the stacking reference line. The core (1000) includes several single cells arranged along a direction parallel to the stacking reference line.

5. The fuel cell stack of claim 1, wherein A first damping spring (7000) is provided on the surface of the first end plate (2000) facing the core (1000), and a second damping spring (7001) is provided on the surface of the second end plate (3000) facing the core (1000).

6. The fuel cell stack of claim 1, wherein The first end plate (2000) has a first arc-shaped groove (2001) on the side away from the core (1000), and the second end plate (3000) has a second arc-shaped groove (3001) on the side away from the core (1000). The first fastener (4000) is embedded in the first arc-shaped groove (2001) and abuts against the first end plate (2000), and the second fastener (5000) is embedded in the second arc-shaped groove (3001) and abuts against the second end plate (3000).

7. The fuel cell stack of claim 1, wherein A first insulating plate (8000) is sandwiched between the first end plate (2000) and the core (1000), and a second insulating plate (8001) is sandwiched between the second end plate (3000) and the core (1000). A first current collector (9000) is sandwiched between the first insulating plate (8000) and the core (1000), and a second current collector (9001) is sandwiched between the second insulating plate (8001) and the core (1000).

8. The fuel cell stack of claim 1, wherein The first fastener (4000) and the second fastener (5000) are provided in several quantities; each of the first fastener (4000) and the second fastener (5000) is connected by at least one of the bidirectional adjusting fasteners (6000).

9. The fuel cell stack of claim 1, wherein The first fastener (4000) is configured as one of stainless steel, aluminum, aluminum alloy, copper, iron, titanium, titanium alloy, fiberglass or composite material. And / or, the second fastener (5000) is configured as one of stainless steel, aluminum, aluminum alloy, copper, iron, titanium, titanium alloy, fiberglass or composite material. And / or, the bidirectional adjusting fastener (6000) is configured as one of stainless steel, aluminum, aluminum alloy, copper, iron, titanium, titanium alloy, fiberglass or composite material.

10. A fuel cell, characterized in that, Includes the fuel cell stack described in any one of claims 1-9 above.

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