A thermal diffusion protection device and battery module
By setting a first protective plate and a second protective plate in the battery module to form an exhaust channel, the problem of heat dissipation of thermal runaway cells is solved, the protection of adjacent cells is achieved, and the safety of the battery module is improved.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- HEFEI GUOXUAN HIGH TECH POWER ENERGY
- Filing Date
- 2025-06-24
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-19
AI Technical Summary
Existing battery modules cannot effectively dissipate heat during thermal runaway, leading to increased thermal diffusion between adjacent cells and safety risks.
The first and second protective plates form an exhaust channel to isolate the thermal runaway battery cell and discharge high-pressure, high-temperature gas or electrolyte to prevent heat conduction and diffusion.
Effectively isolates thermally runaway cells, prevents thermal runaway of adjacent cells, avoids thermal diffusion, and improves the safety of the battery module.
Smart Images
Figure CN224384419U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of battery thermal safety technology, specifically to a thermal diffusion protection device and a battery module. Background Technology
[0002] With the rapid development of electric vehicles and energy storage systems, the safety and stability of battery modules have become a focus of attention. Under abnormal conditions such as overcharging, over-discharging, or short circuits, battery systems may experience thermal runaway, leading to a sharp rise in battery temperature and even causing fires or explosions.
[0003] Chinese patent document CN111554850A discloses a battery pack with heat diffusion function and a vehicle including the same. Multiple battery cell modules in the battery pack are arranged in at least two rows, with the upper and lower surfaces of adjacent rows of cell modules and the battery pack casing defining exhaust channels. Each cell module has an exhaust port on its casing, facing the exhaust channels. A pressure switch is installed on the exhaust port; when the gas pressure inside the cell module exceeds its opening threshold, the switch opens, allowing the high-temperature gas inside the cell module to escape into the exhaust channels. This battery pack, by guiding the high-temperature gas exhaust path, ensures that the heat and high-temperature gas generated by thermal runaway of the cells are discharged from the module to the maximum extent and fastest possible from the battery pack. However, because the exhaust channels are defined by the upper and lower surfaces of the battery pack casing, the high-pressure, high-temperature gas or electrolyte generated by the thermally runaway cells can be sprayed onto the upper and lower surfaces of the battery pack casing, potentially burning through them, causing a large amount of open flame, or even leading to a fire and explosion of the entire battery pack. When a cell in a battery pack experiences thermal runaway, the heat from that cell cannot be dissipated in time, potentially burning out the battery pack casing and thus failing to protect the battery pack. Utility Model Content
[0004] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is how to effectively dissipate the heat of a thermally runaway battery cell to protect other battery cells.
[0005] This utility model solves the above-mentioned technical problems through the following technical means:
[0006] The first aspect of this utility model provides a heat diffusion protection device, which includes a first protective plate and a second protective plate. The first protective plate is disposed between the battery cells, and an adhesive strip is disposed on the top of the battery cells. The second protective plate is fixed on the adhesive strip to form an exhaust channel.
[0007] Beneficial effects: When a thermal runaway cell occurs, this utility model isolates the thermal runaway cell from adjacent cells through a first protective plate, and then exhausts the high-pressure, high-temperature gas or electrolyte generated by the thermal runaway cell through an exhaust channel, preventing the high-pressure, high-temperature gas or electrolyte from conducting heat with adjacent cells, thereby achieving the purpose of protecting adjacent cells.
[0008] Preferably, the first protective plate is higher than the surface of the battery cell.
[0009] Preferably, the surface of the first protective plate is higher than that of the second protective plate.
[0010] Beneficial effect: When a thermal runaway cell occurs, high-pressure, high-temperature gas or electrolyte is ejected from it, resulting in side spraying. Placing the first protective plate above the surface of the cell can prevent side spraying from causing thermal runaway in adjacent cells, thereby avoiding thermal diffusion from the thermal runaway cell.
[0011] The second aspect of this utility model provides a battery module that uses the above-described thermal diffusion protection device.
[0012] Preferably, it includes an end plate and a side plate, with multiple battery cells disposed between the two end plates and the multiple battery cells fixed by the side plate; a first protective plate is disposed between the battery cells, and an adhesive strip is disposed on the top of the battery cells and a second protective plate is fixed on the adhesive strip to form an exhaust channel.
[0013] Preferably, the first protective plate is higher than the surface of the battery cell.
[0014] Preferably, the surface of the first protective plate is higher than that of the second protective plate.
[0015] Preferably, the battery cell is equipped with an explosion-proof valve, which is located on the top of the battery cell and covered by an exhaust channel.
[0016] Beneficial effect: When the battery cell experiences thermal runaway, high-pressure, high-temperature gas or electrolyte is ejected from the explosion-proof valve and then discharged through the exhaust channel, preventing thermal runaway of the battery cell from spreading.
[0017] Preferably, the side plate and the end plate are fixed together by a snap fastener, and the height of the side plate is lower than that of the exhaust channel.
[0018] Beneficial effects: This utility model uses side plates and end plates to fix the battery cell, protecting the side safety of the battery module. The height of the side plates is lower than the exhaust channel, allowing high-pressure, high-temperature gas or electrolyte to be discharged from the battery module through the exhaust channel, preventing thermal runaway of the battery cell from thermal diffusion.
[0019] Preferably, the first protective plate, the second protective plate, and the adhesive strip are all made of heat-insulating and flame-retardant materials. Attached Figure Description
[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the thermal diffusion protection device in the embodiment;
[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the battery module structure in the embodiment;
[0022] Figure 3 This is an exploded view of the battery module in the embodiment. Detailed Implementation
[0023] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of this utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this utility model, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of this utility model.
[0024] In the description of this utility model, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating the orientation or positional relationship, are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on this utility model. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. It should be noted that unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.
[0025] Example 1
[0026] according to Figure 1 As shown, this embodiment provides a thermal runaway protection device, which includes a first protective plate 10 and a second protective plate 20. The first protective plate 10 is disposed between the battery cells 4 for heat insulation. Adhesive strips 21 are provided on both sides of the top of the battery cell 4, and the second protective plate 20 is fixed to the adhesive strips 21 to form an exhaust channel 30. In this embodiment, the exhaust channel 30 is formed by the top of the battery cell 4, the adhesive strips 21, and the second protective plate 20. When the battery cell 4 experiences thermal runaway, the high-pressure, high-temperature gas or electrolyte generated by the thermally runaway battery cell is discharged through the exhaust channel 30, preventing heat conduction between the high-pressure, high-temperature gas or electrolyte and adjacent battery cells, thus preventing thermal runaway from the thermally runaway battery cell and achieving the purpose of protecting adjacent battery cells.
[0027] The first protective plate 10 is higher than the surface of the battery cell 4 and higher than the surface of the second protective plate 20. When the battery cell 4 experiences thermal runaway, high-pressure high-temperature gas or electrolyte is sprayed out from its side. At this time, the adhesive strip 21 is the first line of defense, and the first protective plate 10 is the second line of defense. This prevents the side spraying of high-pressure high-temperature gas or electrolyte from causing thermal runaway in adjacent battery cells, thereby avoiding thermal diffusion of thermal runaway battery cells and achieving the purpose of protecting adjacent battery cells.
[0028] Example 2
[0029] according to Figure 2-3 As shown, this embodiment provides a battery module. The battery module uses the heat diffusion protection device of Embodiment 1. The battery module includes an end plate 2 and a side plate 8. There are two end plates 2 and two side plates 8. Multiple battery cells 4 are arranged between the two end plates 2 and fixed by the side plates 8. The end of the end plate 2 is provided with a threaded hole (not shown in the figure). The two ends of the side plate 8 are provided with screws (not shown in the figure). The side plate is fixed to the end plate 2 by screwing the screws into the threaded hole.
[0030] A first protective plate 10 is provided between the battery cells 4 for heat insulation. Adhesive strips 21 are provided on both sides of the top of the battery cell 4. A second protective plate 20 is fixed on the adhesive strips 21 to form an exhaust channel 30. The battery cell 4 is provided with an explosion-proof valve 3, which is located on the top of the battery cell 4 and covered by the exhaust channel 30. The first protective plate 10 is higher than the surface of the battery cell 4 and higher than the surface of the second protective plate 20. The height of the side plate 8 is lower than the exhaust channel 30.
[0031] In this embodiment, the battery module is secured with multiple battery cells 4 via end plates 2 and side plates 8 to protect the side plates of the battery module. When a battery cell 4 experiences thermal runaway, high-pressure, high-temperature gas or electrolyte is ejected from the explosion-proof valve 3, which can be discharged from the battery module through the discharge channel 30, preventing thermal runaway cells from spreading and thus protecting adjacent cells.
[0032] like Figure 2 As shown, the battery module in this embodiment is the smallest unit formed by stacking 4 battery cells in series and parallel, used for power storage or to provide power to devices or automobiles. Figure 3 As shown, the battery module also includes a busbar 7 and a data acquisition board 9. The battery cell 4 is provided with a terminal post 12, which is disposed on the side wall of the battery cell 4. One end of the busbar 7 is fixed to the top of the battery cell 4, and the other end is fixed to the terminal post 12 for series and parallel connection inside the battery module. The data acquisition board 9 is fixed to the outside of the busbar 7 for low-voltage signal acquisition and monitoring. The data acquisition board 9 is fixed to the inside of the side plate 8 and is fixed to the sides of the two end plates 2 by a snap-fit.
[0033] In this embodiment, the first protective plate 10, the second protective plate 20, and the adhesive strip 21 are all made of heat-insulating and flame-retardant materials. The first protective plate 10 and the second protective plate 20 can be aerogel plates or mica plates, and the adhesive strip 21 can be a flame-retardant rubber strip or a flame-retardant foam strip. The first protective plate 10 is fixed between the battery cells 4 with double-sided adhesive, the adhesive strip 21 is fixed to the top of the battery cells 4 with double-sided adhesive, and the second protective plate 20 is also fixed to the adhesive strip 21 with double-sided adhesive.
[0034] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this utility model, and are not intended to limit it. Although this utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model.
Claims
1. A thermal diffusion shield, characterized in that It includes a first protective plate (10) and a second protective plate (20). The first protective plate (10) is disposed between the battery cells (4). A rubber strip (21) is disposed on the top of the battery cells (4). The second protective plate (20) is fixed on the rubber strip (21) to form an exhaust channel (30).
2. The heat diffusion shield of claim 1, wherein The first protective plate (10) is higher than the surface of the battery cell (4).
3. The heat diffusion shield of claim 2, wherein, The first protective plate (10) is higher than the surface of the second protective plate (20).
4. A battery module, characterized by The battery module uses the thermal diffusion protection device as described in any one of claims 1-3.
5. The battery module of claim 4, wherein, It includes an end plate (2) and a side plate (8). Multiple battery cells (4) are provided between the two end plates (2), and the multiple battery cells (4) are fixed by the side plate (8). A first protective plate (10) is provided between the battery cells (4), and a rubber strip (21) is provided on the top of the battery cell (4) and a second protective plate (20) is fixed on the rubber strip (21) to form an exhaust channel (30).
6. The battery module of claim 5, wherein, The first protective plate (10) is higher than the surface of the battery cell (4).
7. The battery module of claim 6, wherein, The first protective plate (10) is higher than the surface of the second protective plate (20).
8. The battery module of claim 5, wherein, The battery cell (4) is equipped with an explosion-proof valve (3), which is located on the top of the battery cell (4) and covered by an exhaust channel (30).
9. The battery module of claim 5, wherein, The end plate (2) is provided with a threaded hole at its end, and the side plate (8) is provided with screws at both ends. The side plate (8) is fixed to the end plate (2) by screwing the screws into the threaded hole. The height of the side plate (8) is lower than that of the exhaust channel (30).
10. The battery module of claim 5, wherein, The first protective plate (10), the second protective plate (20) and the adhesive strip (21) are all heat-insulating and flame-retardant materials.