Super capacitor dual voltage vehicle emergency starting power supply device based on mos tube control

Abstract

This invention provides a dual-voltage vehicle emergency starting power supply device based on MOSFET control using supercapacitors, belonging to the field of automotive emergency power technology. This power supply device employs a 12-24V starting power supply with MOSFET-controlled supercapacitors connected in series and parallel. When the capacitor parallel drive unit is controlled, Q1 and Q2 are turned on, and Q3 is turned off, connecting the two capacitor groups in parallel to form a 12V output. When the capacitor series drive unit is controlled, Q1 and Q2 are turned off, and Q3 is turned on, connecting the two capacitor groups in series to form a 24V output. When the output starting unit is controlled, Q4 and Q5 are turned on. Using a back-to-back MOSFET output, the capacitor groups are connected to an external car battery and a car starter motor, achieving the purpose of discharging a depleted car battery to start the vehicle in an emergency. This invention, through its internal supercapacitor design and MOSFET-controlled supercapacitor series-parallel 12-24V starting power supply, supports mechanical equipment such as automobiles, motorcycles, agricultural vehicles, and motorboats; moreover, it can be used with both gasoline and diesel engines.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of automotive emergency power supply technology, specifically to a supercapacitor dual-voltage vehicle emergency starting power supply device based on MOSFET control. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of vehicle emergency jump starters, existing car emergency jump starters are unable to be used for emergency ignition due to reasons such as prolonged parking resulting in battery depletion, battery aging and depletion due to expiration of battery life, and insufficient power due to excessive power consumption. They require waiting for rescue and cannot achieve instant charging and use.

[0003] Traditional products using lithium polymer pouch batteries are prone to bulging, electrolyte leakage, and spontaneous combustion under high temperatures, failing to meet the requirements of long-term exposure to sunlight in vehicle equipment and posing battery safety hazards. Meanwhile, automotive emergency power supplies using relay switching solutions suffer from mechanical contact oxidation, resulting in a 24V mode switching failure rate as high as 8%, and a mechanical lifespan of only 50,000 cycles. They also require 2-4 hours to recharge after depletion, failing to meet the immediate needs of emergency rescue scenarios and exhibiting slow response times. Furthermore, existing battery-powered products require recharging every 3 months; user forgetting maintenance can lead to irreversible battery damage, resulting in a product scrap rate exceeding 30% and high maintenance costs. Traditional 24V solutions require an additional independent battery pack, causing the product weight to exceed 3kg and reducing portability.

[0004] The aforementioned technical defects severely restrict the widespread application of emergency power supplies in the field of automotive emergency charging. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a dedicated engine emergency starter for cars and trucks that cannot be started after their 12V car batteries are depleted, so that they can be used immediately after charging. Utility Model Content

[0005] In view of this, and to address the problem of vehicles unable to start due to prolonged parking, battery depletion from aging, or insufficient power from excessive use, requiring emergency ignition and waiting for roadside assistance, this invention aims to provide a dual-voltage vehicle emergency starting power supply device based on a supercapacitor controlled by a MOSFET. Internally, it employs a supercapacitor design and a 12-24V starting power supply using MOSFET-controlled supercapacitors connected in series and parallel. This device supports automobiles, motorcycles, agricultural vehicles, motorboats, and other mechanical equipment; moreover, it can be used with both gasoline and diesel engines.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution:

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides a supercapacitor dual-voltage vehicle emergency starting power supply device based on MOSFET control. This power supply device includes a supercapacitor module and an intelligent monitoring module. The power supply device comprises:

[0008] A reconfigurable array consisting of several supercapacitor units, with series / parallel topology switching between each unit achieved through MOSFETs;

[0009] The intelligent monitoring module is equipped with a differential voltage sampling circuit, a pre-charging circuit, a capacitor parallel drive unit, a capacitor series drive unit, and an output drive unit; it is used to control the MOS transistor switching matrix, which includes a parallel control group, a series control group, and a back-to-back output group.

[0010] As a further embodiment of this invention, the back-to-back output group (Q4-Q5) adopts a structure in which the sources of two N-channel MOS transistors are connected, and the gate drive voltage is dynamically adjusted between 12-24V according to the output mode.

[0011] As a further embodiment of this invention, the MOS switching matrix employs a 12-24V starting power supply controlled by MOS-controlled supercapacitors connected in series and parallel. When the capacitor parallel drive unit is controlled, Q1 and Q2 are turned on, and Q3 is turned off, connecting the two capacitor groups in parallel to form a 12V output. When the capacitor series drive unit is controlled, Q1 and Q2 are turned off, and Q3 is turned on, connecting the two capacitor groups in series to form a 24V output. When the output starting unit is controlled, Q4 and Q5 are turned on. Using the back-to-back connected MOS output, the capacitor groups are connected to the external car battery and the car starter motor, thereby discharging the depleted car battery to achieve the purpose of emergency vehicle starting.

[0012] As a further embodiment of this invention, the parallel control group (Q1-Q2) is turned on in 12V mode, so that the supercapacitor array forms 5 parallel structures, each parallel group containing 2 capacitor units connected in series.

[0013] As a further embodiment of this utility model, the intelligent monitoring module includes:

[0014] The differential voltage sampling circuit measures the battery terminal voltage with an accuracy of ±0.1V.

[0015] The comparator unit is connected to the differential voltage sampling circuit to intelligently identify 12V / 24V batteries, intelligently balance the charging capacitor module, and intelligently control the manual and automatic ignition modes.

[0016] As a further embodiment of this utility model, the intelligent monitoring module is configured to perform the following timing control:

[0017] Detect battery voltage and determine 12V / 24V mode;

[0018] Turn on the corresponding MOSFET group to reconstruct the capacitor array topology;

[0019] Initiate graded constant current reverse charging;

[0020] Monitor the starting current waveform and automatically disconnect the output circuit after the engine ignites successfully.

[0021] As a further embodiment of this invention, the pre-charging circuit includes:

[0022] The USB-C port provides 100W charging power via the PD protocol.

[0023] DC interface, providing a maximum charging power of 200W;

[0024] The EC8 interface allows for reverse charging via a car battery, providing a maximum charging power of 200W in 12V mode and 400W in 24V mode.

[0025] As a further embodiment of this utility model, the supercapacitor dual-voltage vehicle emergency starting power supply device further includes a safety protection unit, which comprises:

[0026] The over-temperature protection circuit forcibly shuts off the output when the surface temperature of the capacitor or the surface temperature of the main control PCBA exceeds the temperature threshold. The display shows the over-temperature protection status and is accompanied by an audible warning.

[0027] Reverse polarity protection circuit to prevent damage to components caused by reverse battery polarity connection;

[0028] Short-circuit protection circuit to prevent damage to components when alligator clips are short-circuited or when battery wiring is short-circuited;

[0029] Overvoltage protection circuit to prevent damage to components caused by incorrect mode selection or accidental connection to a 24V battery;

[0030] The no-load protection circuit prevents output when the device is unloaded, thus preventing damage to the device from being short-circuited again by the alligator clips after the manual mode output is enabled.

[0031] As a further embodiment of this invention, the supercapacitor unit adopts a wound structure and includes:

[0032] Nominal capacity 850F;

[0033] Rated voltage 2.7V;

[0034] Operating temperature range: -40℃ to +70℃.

[0035] As a further embodiment of this utility model, the supercapacitor dual-voltage vehicle emergency starting power supply device further includes an emergency starter body, comprising:

[0036] a) 1.54-inch OLED dot matrix display: displays real-time charging power, battery voltage, charging percentage, 12 or 24V car mode, and fault warning prompts;

[0037] b) DC charging interface: compatible with external 12V / 24V DC power input;

[0038] c) USB charging port: Supports 5~20V / 5A PD 100W mobile phone charger, power storage power supply or power bank;

[0039] d) Battery selection switch: Used to switch between 12V / 24V operating modes. It automatically reconstructs the capacitor array topology through a MOSFET matrix to adapt to the voltage requirements of different vehicle models. It also has a built-in differential voltage sampling circuit that can identify battery voltage fluctuations and prevent misoperation.

[0040] e) Manual ignition switch: A physical button to trigger the manual ignition start mode or check the remaining battery power;

[0041] f) EC8 bidirectional input / output interface: It adopts the EC8 standard interface to connect the battery clamp, and has a built-in back-to-back MOSFET group (Q4-Q5) to realize bidirectional current isolation control of the battery's reverse charging input and discharge output to start the vehicle.

[0042] Compared with existing technologies, the dual-voltage vehicle emergency starting power supply device based on MOS transistor control proposed in this utility model has the following advantages:

[0043] This invention uses supercapacitors to replace lithium polymer batteries, completely avoiding the risks of electrolyte leakage, high-temperature bulging, and thermal runaway spontaneous combustion, thus eliminating the risk of battery explosion. It achieves bidirectional current isolation between starting ignition output and reverse charging through a back-to-back MOS output group, and integrates a short-circuit protection circuit that can quickly cut off the circuit in case of a short circuit. It can complete the 12V / 24V battery auxiliary starting preparation in a short time. The MOS transistors have long switching life, low on-resistance, and wide voltage coverage. It uses a MOS-controlled supercapacitor series-parallel 12-24V starting power supply. After connecting a depleted car battery, it utilizes the remaining battery power for rapid charging. Once fully charged, ignition in the car automatically discharges the battery to assist in starting the vehicle. The supercapacitor array and MOS transistor switching matrix achieve 12V and 24V mode switching. Utilizing a pre-charging circuit, it achieves a maximum reverse charging of 400W when a depleted battery is connected, allowing the supercapacitor to complete charging within 180 seconds.

[0044] These or other aspects of this application will become more apparent from the following description of embodiments. It should be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and are not intended to limit the application. Attached Figure Description

[0045] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or related technologies, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the exemplary embodiments or related technologies will be briefly introduced below. The drawings are used to provide a further understanding of this utility model and constitute a part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of this utility model to explain this utility model and do not constitute a limitation on this utility model. In the drawings:

[0046] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the main power circuit of a supercapacitor dual-voltage vehicle emergency starting power supply device based on MOS transistor control, according to an embodiment of this utility model.

[0047] Figure 2 This is a circuit diagram of the parallel output in the supercapacitor dual-voltage vehicle emergency starting power supply device based on MOS transistor control, according to an embodiment of this utility model.

[0048] Figure 3 This is a circuit diagram of the series output in the supercapacitor dual-voltage vehicle emergency starting power supply device based on MOS transistor control, according to an embodiment of this utility model.

[0049] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a supercapacitor dual-voltage vehicle emergency starting power supply device based on MOS transistor control, according to an embodiment of this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0050] The present application will now be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that, without conflict, the various embodiments or technical features described below can be arbitrarily combined to form new embodiments.

[0051] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the embodiments of this utility model are further described in detail below with reference to specific examples and the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit this application.

[0052] It should be noted that all uses of the terms "first" and "second" in the embodiments of this utility model are for the purpose of distinguishing two different entities or different parameters with the same name. Therefore, "first" and "second" are merely for convenience of expression and should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of this utility model. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such as other steps or units inherent in a process, method, system, product, or device that includes a series of steps or units.

[0053] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0054] The flowchart shown in the attached diagram is for illustrative purposes only and does not necessarily include all content and operations / steps, nor does it necessarily have to be performed in the order described. For example, some operations / steps can be broken down, combined, or partially merged, so the actual execution order may change depending on the actual situation.

[0055] The following detailed description of some embodiments of this application is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Unless otherwise specified, the following embodiments and features can be combined with each other.

[0056] To address the issue of vehicles unable to start due to prolonged parking, battery depletion from aging, or insufficient power from excessive use, requiring emergency ignition and waiting for roadside assistance, this invention proposes a dual-voltage vehicle emergency starting power supply device based on a supercapacitor controlled by a MOSFET. Internally, it employs a supercapacitor design and a 12-24V starting power supply using a MOSFET-controlled series-parallel connection of supercapacitors. This device supports automobiles, motorcycles, agricultural vehicles, motorboats, and other mechanical equipment; moreover, it can be used with both gasoline and diesel engines.

[0057] See Figures 1 to 3 As shown, an embodiment of this utility model provides a supercapacitor dual-voltage vehicle emergency starting power supply device based on MOSFET control. The power supply device includes a supercapacitor module and an intelligent monitoring module. The power supply device comprises: a reconfigurable array consisting of at least 10 supercapacitor units, with series / parallel topology switching between each capacitor unit via MOSFETs; the intelligent monitoring module includes a differential voltage sampling circuit, a pre-charging circuit, a capacitor parallel drive unit, a capacitor series drive unit, and an output drive unit; and a MOSFET switching matrix for controlling the switching, including a parallel control group, a series control group, and a back-to-back output group.

[0058] In this embodiment, the back-to-back output group (Q4-Q5) adopts a structure of two N-channel MOSFETs connected at their sources, and the gate drive voltage is dynamically adjusted between 12-24V according to the output mode. The MOSFET switching matrix uses a MOSFET-controlled 12-24V startup power supply with series-parallel supercapacitors. When controlled by the parallel capacitor drive unit, Q1 and Q2 are turned on, and Q3 is turned off, connecting the two capacitor groups in parallel to form a 12V output. When controlled by the series capacitor drive unit, Q1 and Q2 are turned off, and Q3 is turned on, connecting the two capacitor groups in series to form a 24V output. When controlled by the output startup unit, Q4 and Q5 are turned on, using the back-to-back connected MOSFET output, connecting the capacitor groups to the external car battery and car starter motor.

[0059] The parallel control group (Q1-Q2) is turned on in 12V mode, so that the supercapacitor array forms 5 parallel structures, each parallel group containing 2 capacitor units connected in series.

[0060] In some embodiments, the intelligent monitoring module includes:

[0061] The differential voltage sampling circuit measures the battery terminal voltage with an accuracy of ±0.1V.

[0062] The comparator unit, connected to the differential voltage sampling circuit, intelligently identifies 12V / 24V batteries, intelligently balances the charging capacitor module, and intelligently controls manual and automatic ignition modes. For example, in 12V mode, when the battery clamp is applied and the detected battery voltage is below 9V, manual start mode is used for emergency ignition; when the battery clamp is applied and the detected battery voltage is above 9V, automatic mode emergency ignition is triggered. In 24V mode, when the battery clamp is applied and the detected battery voltage is below 18V, manual start mode is used for emergency ignition; when the battery clamp is applied and the detected battery voltage is above 18V, automatic mode emergency ignition is triggered.

[0063] The intelligent monitoring module is configured to perform the following timing control:

[0064] Detect battery voltage and determine 12V / 24V mode;

[0065] Turn on the corresponding MOSFET group to reconstruct the capacitor array topology;

[0066] Initiate graded constant current reverse charging;

[0067] Monitor the starting current waveform and automatically disconnect the output circuit after the engine ignites successfully.

[0068] In this embodiment, the pre-charging circuit includes:

[0069] The USB-C port provides 100W charging power via the PD protocol.

[0070] DC interface, providing a maximum charging power of 200W;

[0071] The EC8 interface allows for reverse charging via a car battery, providing a maximum charging power of 200W in 12V mode and 400W in 24V mode.

[0072] In some embodiments, the supercapacitor dual-voltage vehicle emergency starting power supply device further includes a safety protection unit, the safety protection unit comprising:

[0073] The over-temperature protection circuit will forcibly shut down the output when the surface temperature of the capacitor exceeds -40°C, or the surface temperature of the main control PCBA exceeds 90°C. The display screen will show the over-temperature protection information, accompanied by an alarm sound.

[0074] Reverse polarity protection circuit to prevent damage to components caused by reverse battery polarity connection;

[0075] Short-circuit protection circuit to prevent damage to components when alligator clips are short-circuited or when battery wiring is short-circuited;

[0076] Overvoltage protection circuit to prevent damage to components caused by incorrect mode selection or accidental connection to a 24V battery;

[0077] The no-load protection circuit prevents output when the device is unloaded, thus preventing damage to the device from being short-circuited again by the alligator clips after the manual mode output is enabled.

[0078] In some embodiments, the supercapacitor unit adopts a wound structure and includes:

[0079] Nominal capacity 850F;

[0080] Rated voltage 2.7V;

[0081] Operating temperature range: -40℃ to +70℃.

[0082] In the embodiments of this utility model, see Figure 4 As shown, the supercapacitor dual-voltage vehicle emergency starting power supply device further includes an emergency starter body 100, comprising:

[0083] a) DC charging interface 102: compatible with external 12V / 24V DC power input;

[0084] b) USB charging port 101: Supports 5~20V / 5A PD 100W mobile phone charger, power storage power supply or power bank;

[0085] c) 1.54-inch OLED dot matrix display screen 103: displays real-time charging power, battery voltage, charging percentage, 12 or 24V car mode, and fault warning prompts.

[0086] d) Battery selection switch 104: Used to switch between 12V / 24V operating modes. It automatically reconstructs the capacitor array topology through the MOSFET matrix to adapt to the voltage requirements of different vehicle models. It also has a built-in differential voltage sampling circuit that can identify battery voltage fluctuations and prevent misoperation.

[0087] e) Manual ignition switch 105: Physical button to trigger manual ignition start mode or check remaining battery power;

[0088] f) EC8 bidirectional input / output interface 106: It adopts the EC8 standard interface to connect the battery clamp, and has a built-in back-to-back MOSFET group (Q4-Q5) to realize bidirectional current isolation control of the battery reverse charging input and discharge output to start the vehicle.

[0089] This invention uses supercapacitors to replace lithium polymer batteries, completely avoiding the risks of electrolyte leakage, high-temperature bulging, and thermal runaway spontaneous combustion, thus eliminating the risk of battery explosion. It achieves bidirectional current isolation between starting ignition output and reverse charging through a back-to-back MOS output group, and integrates a short-circuit protection circuit that can quickly cut off the circuit in case of a short circuit. It can complete the 12V / 24V battery auxiliary starting preparation in a short time. The MOS transistors have long switching life, low on-resistance, and wide voltage coverage. It uses a MOS-controlled supercapacitor series-parallel 12-24V starting power supply. After connecting a depleted car battery, it utilizes the remaining battery power for rapid charging. Once fully charged, ignition in the car automatically discharges the battery to assist in starting the vehicle. The supercapacitor array and MOS transistor switching matrix achieve 12V and 24V mode switching. Utilizing a pre-charging circuit, it achieves a maximum reverse charging of 400W when a depleted battery is connected, allowing the supercapacitor to complete charging within 180 seconds.

[0090] The above are exemplary embodiments disclosed in this utility model. However, it should be noted that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the embodiments of this utility model as defined by the claims. The functions, steps, and / or actions of the methods according to the disclosed embodiments described herein do not need to be performed in any particular order. Furthermore, although the elements disclosed in the embodiments of this utility model may be described or claimed individually, they may be understood as multiple unless explicitly limited to a singular number.

[0091] It should be understood that, as used herein, the singular form "a" is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly supports an exception. It should also be understood that, as used herein, "and / or" refers to any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associatedly listed items. The embodiment numbers disclosed above are for descriptive purposes only and do not represent the superiority or inferiority of the embodiments.

[0092] Those skilled in the art should understand that the discussion of any of the above embodiments is merely exemplary and is not intended to imply that the scope of the present invention (including the claims) is limited to these examples. Within the framework of the present invention, technical features of the above embodiments or different embodiments can also be combined, and many other variations of different aspects of the present invention exist, which are not provided in the details for the sake of brevity. Therefore, any omissions, modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A MOS transistor control-based super capacitor dual-voltage vehicle emergency starting power supply device, which is provided with a super capacitor module and an intelligent monitoring module, characterized in that, The power supply device includes: A reconfigurable array composed of several supercapacitor units, with series / parallel topology switching between each capacitor unit achieved through MOSFETs; The intelligent monitoring module is equipped with a differential voltage sampling circuit, a pre-charging circuit, a capacitor parallel drive unit, a capacitor series drive unit, and an output drive unit; it is used to control the MOS transistor switching matrix, which includes a parallel control group, a series control group, and a back-to-back output group. The parallel control group includes MOSFETs Q1 and Q2, the series control group includes MOSFET Q3, and the back-to-back output group includes MOSFETs Q4 and Q5. The back-to-back output group adopts a structure in which the sources of two N-channel MOSFETs are connected. The gate drive voltage is dynamically adjusted between 12-24V according to the output mode. The MOS switching matrix uses a MOS-controlled 12-24V starting power supply with series and parallel supercapacitors. When the capacitor parallel drive unit is controlled, Q1 and Q2 are turned on, and Q3 is turned off, connecting the two capacitor banks in parallel to form a 12V output. When the capacitor series drive unit is controlled, Q1 and Q2 are turned off, and Q3 is turned on, connecting the two capacitor banks in series to form a 24V output. When the output starting unit is controlled, Q4 and Q5 are turned on. Using the back-to-back connected MOS output, the capacitor banks are connected to the external car battery and the car starter motor. Q1 and Q2 of the parallel control group are turned on in 12V mode, so that the supercapacitor array forms 5 parallel structures, each parallel group contains 2 series capacitor units. The intelligent monitoring module includes: The differential voltage sampling circuit measures the battery terminal voltage with an accuracy of ±0.1V. The comparator unit is connected to the differential voltage sampling circuit, which can intelligently identify 12V / 24V batteries, intelligently balance the charging capacitor module, and intelligently control the manual ignition mode and automatic ignition mode. The pre-charge circuit includes: The USB-C port provides 100W charging power via the PD protocol. DC interface, providing a maximum charging power of 200W; The EC8 interface allows for reverse charging via a car battery, providing a maximum charging power of 200W in 12V mode and 400W in 24V mode. The supercapacitor dual-voltage vehicle emergency starting power supply device further includes a safety protection unit, which comprises: The over-temperature protection circuit forcibly shuts off the output when the surface temperature of the capacitor or the surface temperature of the main control PCBA exceeds the temperature threshold. The display shows the over-temperature protection status and is accompanied by an audible warning. Reverse polarity protection circuit to prevent damage to components caused by reverse battery polarity connection; Short-circuit protection circuit to prevent damage to components when alligator clips are short-circuited or when battery wiring is short-circuited; Overvoltage protection circuit to prevent damage to components caused by incorrect mode selection or accidental connection to a 24V battery; No-load protection circuit, which prohibits output when no load is applied, to prevent the alligator clips from shorting the device again after manual mode output is enabled, thus preventing damage to the device. The supercapacitor unit adopts a wound structure and includes: Nominal capacity 850F; Rated voltage 2.7V; Operating temperature range: -40℃ to +70℃; The supercapacitor dual-voltage vehicle emergency starting power supply device further includes an emergency starter body, comprising: 1.54-inch OLED dot matrix display: Displays real-time charging power, battery voltage, charging percentage, 12 or 24V car mode, and fault warning prompts; DC charging interface: compatible with external 12V / 24V DC power input; USB charging port: Supports 5~20V / 5A PD 100W mobile phone chargers, power banks, or power banks; Battery selection switch: Used to switch between 12V / 24V operating modes. It automatically reconstructs the capacitor array topology through a MOSFET matrix and has a built-in differential voltage sampling circuit to identify 12V or 24V batteries. Manual ignition switch: A physical button that triggers manual ignition mode or allows you to check the remaining battery power; EC8 bidirectional input / output interface: It adopts the EC8 standard interface to connect to the battery clamp, and has a built-in back-to-back MOSFET group to realize bidirectional current isolation control of the battery's reverse charging input and discharge output to start the vehicle.

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