Open / close radar protection device and material level measuring system

Abstract

The present disclosure provides an opening and closing radar protection device, comprising a mounting frame, a protective cover, a driving device and a guide device, the driving device and the guide device are arranged on the mounting frame, one end of the guide device is connected with the protective cover, the other end of the guide device is connected with the driving device, the driving device is used for driving the guide device to move so that the protective cover rotates at the opening end of the mounting frame; the protective cover is used for closing the opening end of the mounting frame. The present disclosure also provides a material level measuring system. The present disclosure sets an opening and closing protection device to protect the scanning radar, reduces the influence of dust and other impurities on the use of the scanning radar, and improves the service life of the scanning radar and the measuring accuracy of the system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of radar protection device technology, specifically to an openable radar protection device and a level measurement system. Background Technology

[0002] Compared to 3D microwave scanning radar, 3D laser scanning radar offers higher measurement accuracy. Currently, an increasing number of industrial sectors are using 3D laser scanning radar to measure the level and three-dimensional shape of materials within containers.

[0003] However, under normal operating conditions, containers generate a lot of dust during the loading and unloading process. As a result, dust accumulates on the surface of existing 3D laser scanning radar (such as the outer cover) over a period of time. The more dust adheres to the outer cover, the greater the signal attenuation. Once the dust reaches a certain level, the 3D laser scanning radar will be unable to detect it. This requires on-site staff to clean the outer cover regularly, which consumes a lot of manpower and resources and poses safety hazards, as in some cases, on-site staff need to climb ladders to complete the cleaning work.

[0004] Currently, in order to protect the laser measurement signal from the harsh environment, a protective cover is installed on the outside of the radar housing. The protective cover is made of light-transmitting material, but after long-term use, a lot of dust will still accumulate on the protective cover, which will affect the use of the laser measurement signal.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need in this field for a technical solution that can solve the above-mentioned technical problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This disclosure provides an openable radar protection device and a level measurement system, which are used to solve the technical problems of existing 3D scanning radars, such as the inability to balance scanning accuracy and adaptability to harsh environments, and the inability to solve the influence of harsh environments such as dust on laser measurement signals.

[0007] This disclosure provides an openable radar protection device, including a mounting frame, a protective cover, a driving device, and a guiding device. The driving device and the guiding device are both disposed on the mounting frame. One end of the guiding device is connected to the protective cover, and the other end of the guiding device is connected to the driving device. The driving device is used to drive the guiding device to move so that the protective cover rotates at the open end of the mounting frame. The protective cover is used to close the open end of the mounting frame.

[0008] According to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the opening and closing radar protection device includes a first guide rod and a second guide rod. One end of the first guide rod is fixedly connected to the driving device, the other end of the first guide rod is rotatably connected to one end of the second guide rod, and the other end of the second guide rod is hinged to the protective cover.

[0009] According to at least one embodiment of the openable radar protection device of this disclosure, the guiding device further includes a third guide rod, one end of which is fixedly connected to the inner side of the mounting frame, and the other end of which is coaxially and movably connected to the first guide rod and the second guide rod.

[0010] According to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the openable radar protection device further includes a sliding part disposed inside the mounting frame, and the inner wall of the mounting frame is provided with a slide rail that matches the sliding part.

[0011] The guide device is fixedly connected to the sliding part. The sliding part slides on the slide rail under the drive of the drive device. At the same time, the sliding of the sliding part causes the guide device to move, thereby causing the protective cover to rotate at the opening end of the mounting frame.

[0012] According to at least one embodiment of the openable radar protection device of this disclosure, a support plate is further provided in the mounting frame. The support plate is connected to the driving device, the sliding part, and the guide device. The driving device drives the support plate to move. The movement of the support plate causes the sliding part to move in the slide rail and simultaneously causes the guide device to move.

[0013] According to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the openable radar protection device is configured as two split-type half-covers, and the two half-covers form a sealed space with the mounting frame after the open ends of the mounting frame are closed.

[0014] Two guide devices are provided, and each guide device is used to drive one of the half-covers to rotate.

[0015] The two guide devices are fixedly connected to the non-sliding side of the sliding part.

[0016] According to at least one embodiment of the openable radar protection device of the present disclosure, the open end of the mounting frame is provided with a sealing element, the sealing element being used to prevent impurities from entering the interior of the mounting frame.

[0017] And / or, the protective cover is provided with a sealing element around the side that contacts the opening end of the mounting frame, the sealing element being used to prevent impurities from entering the interior of the mounting frame.

[0018] According to at least one embodiment of the openable radar protection device of this disclosure, the sealing element is a brush or a sealing strip.

[0019] According to at least one embodiment of the openable radar protection device of this disclosure, the driving device is a hydraulic driving device, an electric driving device, or a pneumatic driving device.

[0020] According to at least one embodiment of the openable radar protection device of this disclosure, a fixed bracket is further provided in the mounting frame. The fixed bracket is offset from the driving device, the guiding device, and the support plate. The fixed bracket is fixedly connected in the mounting frame and is used to install the scanning radar.

[0021] According to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, in the openable radar protection device, a scanning radar is mounted on the support plate, and the driving device drives the support plate to move while simultaneously moving the scanning radar. When the protective cover opens at the opening end of the mounting frame, the scanning radar moves synchronously to the outside of the mounting frame.

[0022] According to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, the openable radar protection device is a laser radar and / or a microwave radar.

[0023] According to at least one embodiment of the openable radar protection device of this disclosure, a gasket is provided between the connecting ends of the first guide rod, the second guide rod and the third guide rod, which are coaxially movably connected.

[0024] According to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure, in an openable radar protection device, two of the guide devices are symmetrically arranged on the non-sliding side of the sliding portion.

[0025] According to at least one embodiment of the openable radar protection device of this disclosure, two slide rails are provided, and two corresponding sliding parts are provided.

[0026] Another aspect of this disclosure provides a level measurement system, including the openable radar protection device and the scanning radar as described above. The openable radar protection device is used to protect the scanning radar, and the scanning radar is used for level measurement to obtain three-dimensional characteristic information of the material.

[0027] The openable radar protection device and level measurement system disclosed herein have the following technical advantages compared with the prior art:

[0028] The openable radar protection device disclosed herein comprises an installation frame, a protective cover, a drive device, and a guide device. By placing the scanning radar inside the installation frame and setting the protective cover at the open end of the installation frame, the scanning radar can be protected as needed by opening or closing the protective cover, thereby reducing the influence of dust and other impurities on the lidar measurement signal.

[0029] This disclosure enables the guiding device to be configured as at least one guide rod, preferably three guide rods, which are respectively connected to the driving device, the mounting frame and the scanning radar, thereby enabling the driving device to drive the scanning radar to move synchronously through the driving guiding device.

[0030] This disclosure provides a sliding part with a matching slide rail inside the mounting frame. The sliding part moves under the drive of the driving device through the cooperation of the sliding part and the slide rail, thereby causing the protective cover connected to the guide device to open or close at the opening end of the mounting frame.

[0031] The protective cover disclosed herein can be configured as two symmetrical half-covers. By closing the two symmetrical half-covers at the opening end of the mounting frame, a sealed space can be formed with the mounting frame to prevent dust and other impurities from entering the mounting frame and affecting the normal operation or measurement accuracy of the scanning radar.

[0032] In this disclosure, a seal is provided at the opening end of the mounting frame to prevent dust and other impurities from entering the interior of the mounting frame. Alternatively, a seal can be provided around the side of the protective cover that contacts the opening end of the mounting frame to prevent dust and other impurities from entering the interior of the mounting frame. This can protect the scanning radar from the accumulation of dust and other impurities on the housing, thereby improving the measurement accuracy when the scanning radar is in normal use. Attached Figure Description

[0033] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the present disclosure and form part of the specification. They are used together with the following detailed description to explain the present disclosure, but do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the openable radar protection device according to the present invention when the protective cover is closed;

[0035] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the openable radar protection device according to the present invention when the protective cover is in the open state;

[0036] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the openable radar protection device with scanning radar installed according to the present disclosure when the protective cover is closed.

[0037] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the openable radar protection device with scanning radar installed according to the present disclosure when the protective cover is in the open state.

[0038] Summary of attached image labels:

[0039] 1. Mounting frame; 11. Open end; 2. Protective cover;

[0040] 3. Drive unit; 31. Drive rod; 4. Guide device;

[0041] 41. First guide rod; 42. Second guide rod; 43. Third guide rod;

[0042] 5. Support plate; 6. Fixing bracket; 7. Connecting shaft;

[0043] 8. Sliding part; 9. Slide rail; 10. Scanning radar. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The specific embodiments of this disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for illustration and explanation only and are not intended to limit this disclosure. Example 1

[0045] like Figure 1-2 As shown, an openable radar protection device includes a mounting frame 1, a protective cover 2, a drive device 3, and a guide device 4. The mounting frame 1 is used to mount all the components of the entire protection device and provides a stable support structure. The mounting frame 1 is provided with an open end 11, and the protective cover 2 is provided at the open end 11 to close or open the open end 11. The protective cover 2 and the mounting frame 1 form a sealed space to protect the scanning radar 10 inside the mounting frame 1 from the influence of the external environment.

[0046] The driving device 3 and the guiding device 4 are both mounted on the mounting frame 1. Specifically, they can be mounted on the outside of the mounting frame 1 or on the inside of the mounting frame 1. As long as the scanning radar 10 mounted inside the mounting frame 1 can enter and exit the mounting frame 1, or the scanning radar 10 can enter and exit the opening of the container containing the material, or the scanning radar 10 can be exposed on the mounting frame 1, the material can be scanned and the material characteristic information can be obtained.

[0047] In this disclosure, the guide device 4 is driven to move by the drive device 3. The guide device 4 drives the protective cover 2 connected to its end to rotate at the opening end 11 of the mounting frame 1, so as to close or open the opening end 11 of the mounting frame 1.

[0048] The guide device 4 can be a guide rod, that is, it can be directly connected to the protective cover 2 through a guide rod, and the movement of the guide device 4 can drive the protective cover 2 to open or close.

[0049] Alternatively, the guide device 4 can also be multiple guide rods. To ensure that the guide device 4 can smoothly and easily propel the protective cover 2, it is preferable to configure the guide device 4 as a multi-segment guide rod. Specifically, the guide device 4 may include a first guide rod 41 and a second guide rod 42. One end of the first guide rod 41 is fixedly connected to the drive rod 31 at the output end of the drive device 3, and the other end of the first guide rod 41 is rotatably connected to one end of the second guide rod 42. The other end of the second guide rod 42 is hinged to the protective cover 2.

[0050] Alternatively, the guide device 4 may also include a third guide rod 43, one end of which is fixedly connected to the inner side of the mounting frame 1, and the other end of which is coaxially and movably connected to the first guide rod 41 and the second guide rod 42. At the connection shaft 7 of the coaxially connected first guide rod 41, second guide rod 42, and third guide rod 43, shims are provided between adjacent guide rods. These shims reduce friction at the connection ends and ensure smooth movement between the guide rods.

[0051] To ensure smooth operation and equipment balance, two slide rails 9 are preferably provided. In this embodiment, the installation position of the slide rails 4 is not specifically limited. When two slide rails 9 are installed, they can be installed symmetrically front-to-back or symmetrically left-to-right on the inner wall of the mounting frame 1, as long as the system can operate stably. Alternatively, as... Figure 1-2 As shown, the two slide rails 9 can be set on both sides of the rear side wall of the mounting frame 1. At this time, the support plate 5 is set vertically (or horizontally, as shown in the figure). This setting is parallel to the inner wall of the mounting frame 1.

[0052] The mounting frame 1 also includes a sliding part 8, and the inner wall of the mounting frame 1 is provided with a slide rail 9 that matches the sliding part 8. Figure 1-2 As shown, the mounting frame 1 can be designed as a rectangular frame, with at least one slide rail 9, sufficient to ensure that the sliding part 8 slides within the slide rail 9. There can be one or two slide rails 9. For stable and smooth movement of the sliding part 8, preferably two slide rails 9 are used, with two corresponding sliding parts 8, so that each sliding part 8 moves within its corresponding slide rail 9. Specifically, the sliding part 8 can be a slider or a roller.

[0053] When the two slide rails 9 are set on the inner walls of the left and right sides within the mounting frame 1 (not shown in the figure), the support plate 5 connected to the sliding part 8 moving on the slide rail 9 can be horizontally set (for fixing the scanning radar) or vertically set (e.g., Figure 1-2 As shown), both of these methods of sliding rail 9 can enable the sliding part 8 to move within the sliding rail 9. Therefore, no specific limitation is made on the number of sliding rails 9 or the number or layout of sliding parts 8; the above is merely a specific description of the possible ways in which the sliding rail 9 or sliding parts 8 can be implemented.

[0054] In this disclosure, the guide device 4 is fixedly connected to the sliding part 8. The sliding part 8 slides on the slide rail 9 under the drive of the drive device 3. At the same time, the sliding of the sliding part 8 causes the guide device 4 to move, which in turn causes the protective cover 2 to rotate at the opening end 11 of the mounting frame 1. The protective cover 2 is hinged to the mounting frame 1, for example, by a hinge.

[0055] Specifically, the protective cover 2 can be configured as two split-type half-covers. After the two half-covers are closed at the opening end 11 of the mounting frame 1, they form a sealed space with the mounting frame 1, protecting the equipment inside the mounting frame 1 from external environmental influences. The drive device 3 and guide device 4 are both located inside the mounting frame 1. The drive device 3 can be a hydraulic drive, an electric drive, or a pneumatic drive, providing power to open and close the protective cover 2. Figure 1-4 The drive device 3 shown is an electric drive device, and its output drive rod 31 is an electric push rod. The drive device 3 uses the worm gear principle to achieve drive. At this time, two guide devices 4 can be set accordingly, and each guide device 4 is used to drive one half of the cover to rotate. The two guide devices 4 are fixedly connected to the non-sliding side of the sliding part 8, and the two guide devices 4 are symmetrically arranged on the non-sliding side of the sliding part 8. This symmetrical design ensures that the two half of the cover can open and close synchronously and smoothly.

[0056] In a further embodiment of this disclosure, a support plate 5 may be provided within the mounting frame 1. The support plate 5 is connected to the driving device 3, the sliding part 8, and the guide device 4. The driving device 3 drives the support plate 5 to move, and the movement of the support plate 5 causes the sliding part 8 to move within the slide rail 9, simultaneously causing the guide device 4 to move. A scanning radar 10 may be mounted on the support plate 5. The driving device 3 drives the support plate 5 to move while simultaneously moving the scanning radar 10. When the protective cover 2 opens at the opening end 11 of the mounting frame 1, the scanning radar 10 moves synchronously to the outside of the mounting frame 1. The scanning radar 10 may be a lidar and / or microwave radar, used for environmental scanning and data acquisition, specifically for material scanning to obtain material characteristic information.

[0057] like Figure 1-2 As shown in the figure, when a vertical support plate 5 is provided, no scanning radar is installed on the support plate 5. The drive device 3 is located in the middle of one side of the support plate 5, two guide devices 4 are located on both sides of one side of the support plate 5, and two sliding parts 8 are located on both sides of the other side of the support plate 5. Thus, the drive device 3 drives the support plate 5 to move, the support plate 5 drives the sliding parts 8 to move within the slide rail 9, and at the same time, the support plate 5 drives the guide devices 4 to move, ultimately driving the protective cover 2 to open and rotate at the opening end 11 of the mounting frame 1.

[0058] In further embodiments of this disclosure, such as Figure 1-4 As shown, a support plate 5 can be installed within the mounting frame 1. The support plate 5 is connected to the drive device 3, the sliding part 8, and the guide device 4. The drive device 3 drives the support plate 5 to move, and the movement of the support plate 5 causes the sliding part 8 to move within the slide rail 9, simultaneously causing the guide device 4 to move. Furthermore, a horizontally fixed bracket 6 is also installed within the mounting frame 1. The fixed bracket 6 is staggered from the drive device 3, the guide device 4, and the support plate 5 (vertically positioned). The fixed bracket 6 is fixedly connected within the mounting frame 1 and is used to install the scanning radar 10. In this case, the scanning radar 10 does not move. Figure 4 As shown, when the scanning radar 10 is installed and fixed by the fixing bracket 6, it can extend partially out of the mounting frame 1, but it also satisfies the requirement that the scanning radar 10 is inside the mounting frame 1 when the protective cover 2 is closed at the opening end 11 of the mounting frame 1.

[0059] In this disclosure, the opening end 11 of the mounting frame 1 is provided with a sealing element to prevent impurities from entering the interior of the mounting frame 1. The protective cover 2, on the side in contact with the opening end 11 of the mounting frame 1, is also provided with sealing elements around its perimeter to prevent impurities from entering the interior of the mounting frame 1. The sealing elements can be sealing components such as brushes or sealing strips, used to block dust, moisture, and other impurities from entering the mounting frame 1.

[0060] In this embodiment, the control terminal of the drive device 3 and the control terminal of the scanning radar 10 are respectively connected to the central control equipment through wires to realize the electrical control, data acquisition and communication of the drive device 3 and the scanning radar 10.

[0061] During operation, the drive unit 3 is activated, driving the sliding part 8 to move on the slide rail 9 via the support plate 5. The sliding part 8 then drives the guide device 4. The first guide rod 41, the second guide rod 42, and the third guide rod 43 in the guide device 4 cooperate to convert linear motion into rotational motion, thereby causing the two halves of the protective cover 2 to rotate around their respective hinge points, realizing the opening and closing of the protective cover 2. When the scanning radar 10 needs to be used, the protective cover 2 is opened, and the scanning radar 10 can work normally; when the scanning radar 10 is not needed or needs to be protected, the protective cover 2 is closed, forming a sealed protective space, effectively preventing the external environment from affecting the scanning radar 10. Especially for lidar, environmental quality can greatly interfere with or attenuate the laser measurement signal. Therefore, lidar must meet safe operating environmental conditions. In environments with high dust levels, such as when materials are being fed, the protective cover 2 needs to be closed to protect the lidar inside the sealed mounting frame 1. When the environmental quality is better, the protective cover 2 can be opened and the lidar can be used for scanning, thereby obtaining material characteristic information with high precision and high resolution. Of course, the scanning radar 10 can contain both laser and microwave signals. The protective cover 2 can be opened to use the laser signal only when the environmental quality is good. When the microwave signal is used instead of the laser signal, the protective cover 2 can be opened at any time. Example 2

[0062] This embodiment provides a level measurement system, such as Figure 3-4 As shown, it includes an openable radar protection device and a scanning radar 10. The openable radar protection device is used to protect the scanning radar 10, and the scanning radar 10 is used for level measurement to obtain material characteristic information, such as three-dimensional morphological information.

[0063] The openable radar protection device in this level measurement system has the same structure as the openable radar protection device described in Example 1, and will not be described in detail here.

[0064] In this embodiment, the scanning radar 10 is mounted on the support plate 5 or the fixed bracket 6, and can be a lidar and / or microwave radar. The scanning radar 10 is specifically used for level measurement and can acquire three-dimensional characteristic information of materials, such as the height, volume, and surface contour of the materials. When level measurement is required, the drive device 3 is activated, the protective cover 2 is opened, and the scanning radar 10 is exposed to the external environment, allowing it to work normally for level measurement. When the scanning radar 10 is not needed or needs to be protected, the protective cover 2 is closed, forming a sealed protective space that effectively prevents the external environment from affecting the scanning radar 10.

[0065] In practical applications of level measurement systems, the scanning radar 10 measures the position and shape of materials by transmitting measurement signals and receiving reflected measurement signals. The system can be installed above or on top of silos, tanks, and stockpiles. The mounting frame 1 has multiple pre-installed mounting holes for connection to pre-drilled openings in the silos, tanks, and stockpiles. The scanning radar 10 scans the material surface to acquire its three-dimensional characteristic information. This information can be used to monitor key data such as material storage volume, consumption rate, and stacking morphology, providing crucial data for production management and inventory control.

[0066] The retractable radar protection device provides reliable protection for the scanning radar 10, and is particularly suitable for level measurement applications in harsh environments. In places with high dust levels, corrosive gases, or severe weather conditions, when the scanning radar 10 is not in operation, the protective cover 2 can be completely sealed to protect the scanning radar 10 from damage by the external environment, extend the service life of the scanning radar 10, and improve the reliability and stability of the measurement system.

[0067] The preferred embodiments of this disclosure have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, this disclosure is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments. Within the scope of the technical concept of this disclosure, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solutions of this disclosure, and these simple modifications all fall within the protection scope of this disclosure.

[0068] It should also be noted that the various specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, this disclosure will not describe the various possible combinations separately.

[0069] Furthermore, various different embodiments of this disclosure can be combined in any way, as long as they do not violate the spirit of this disclosure, they should also be regarded as the content disclosed in this disclosure.

Claims

1. A hinged radar protection device, characterized in that, The device includes a mounting frame, a protective cover, a drive device, and a guide device. The drive device and the guide device are both mounted on the mounting frame. One end of the guide device is connected to the protective cover, and the other end of the guide device is connected to the drive device. The drive device is used to drive the guide device to move so that the protective cover rotates at the open end of the mounting frame. The protective cover is used to close or open the open end of the mounting frame.

2. The openable radar protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The guiding device includes a first guide rod and a second guide rod. One end of the first guide rod is fixedly connected to the driving device, the other end of the first guide rod is rotatably connected to one end of the second guide rod, and the other end of the second guide rod is hinged to the protective cover.

3. The openable radar protection device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The guiding device further includes a third guide rod, one end of which is fixedly connected to the inner side of the mounting frame, and the other end of which is coaxially and movably connected to the first guide rod and the second guide rod.

4. The openable radar protection device according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, It also includes a sliding part disposed inside the mounting frame, and the inner wall of the mounting frame is provided with a slide rail that matches the sliding part; The guide device is fixedly connected to the sliding part. The sliding part slides on the slide rail under the drive of the drive device. At the same time, the sliding of the sliding part causes the guide device to move, thereby causing the protective cover to rotate at the opening end of the mounting frame.

5. The openable radar protection device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The mounting frame is also provided with a support plate, which is connected to the driving device, the sliding part, and the guide device. The driving device drives the support plate to move, and the movement of the support plate causes the sliding part to move within the slide rail, while simultaneously causing the guide device to move.

6. The openable radar protection device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The protective cover is configured as two open half-covers, and the two half-covers form a sealed space with the mounting frame after the open ends of the mounting frame are closed. Two guide devices are provided, and each guide device is used to drive one of the half-covers to rotate.

7. The openable radar protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mounting frame is provided with a sealing element at its open end, which is used to prevent impurities from entering the interior of the mounting frame. And / or, the protective cover is provided with a sealing element around the side that contacts the opening end of the mounting frame, the sealing element being used to prevent impurities from entering the interior of the mounting frame.

8. The openable radar protection device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The sealing element is a brush or a sealing strip.

9. The openable radar protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The driving device is a hydraulic drive device, an electric drive device, or a pneumatic drive device.

10. The openable radar protection device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The mounting frame is also provided with a fixed bracket, which is offset from the driving device, the guiding device, and the support plate. The fixed bracket is fixedly connected within the mounting frame and is used to install the scanning radar. Alternatively, a scanning radar is mounted on the support plate, and the driving device drives the support plate to move while simultaneously moving the scanning radar. When the protective cover opens at the opening end of the mounting frame, the scanning radar moves synchronously to the outside of the mounting frame.

11. The openable radar protection device according to claim 10, characterized in that, The scanning radar is a lidar and / or microwave radar.

12. A level measurement system, characterized in that, The invention includes the openable radar protection device and the scanning radar as described in any one of claims 1-11 above, wherein the openable radar protection device is used to protect the scanning radar, and the scanning radar is used for level measurement to obtain three-dimensional characteristic information of the material.

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