Perovskite solar cell and photovoltaic module
By setting an organic thiocyanate modification layer between the self-assembled monolayer and the perovskite layer, the problem of uneven coverage of the self-assembled monolayer was solved, improving the light absorption efficiency and charge transport efficiency of the perovskite solar cell, improving the uniformity and continuity of the perovskite layer, and enhancing the performance and stability of the cell.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- CHENGDU JINGXIN MINGNENG PHOTOVOLTAIC TECHNOLOGY CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-08-27
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-23
AI Technical Summary
The self-assembled monolayer is difficult to uniformly cover on the transparent conductive layer, resulting in direct contact between the perovskite layer and the transparent conductive layer, which affects the performance and stability of the perovskite solar cell.
An organic thiocyanate modification layer is placed between the self-assembled monolayer and the perovskite layer to improve the spreading effect of the perovskite layer, avoid direct contact between the perovskite layer and the transparent conductive layer, and improve the thickness uniformity and continuity of the perovskite layer.
By adding an organic thiocyanate modification layer, the light absorption efficiency and charge separation and transport efficiency of perovskite solar cells are improved, defects and stress concentration are reduced, and the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells are enhanced.
Smart Images
Figure CN224402034U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of perovskite solar cell technology, and more particularly to a perovskite solar cell and photovoltaic module. Background Technology
[0002] In perovskite solar cells, self-assembled monolayers are positioned between the transparent conductive layer and the perovskite layer, serving as a means of hole transport. However, it is difficult for the self-assembled monolayers to uniformly cover the transparent conductive layer, leaving some of the transparent conductive layer's surface exposed. This results in the perovskite layer directly contacting the transparent conductive layer, and the spread of the perovskite layer on the self-assembled monolayers is also poor, leading to a decrease or deterioration in the performance of the perovskite solar cell. Utility Model Content
[0003] This application discloses a perovskite solar cell and a photovoltaic module, which can improve the performance of perovskite solar cells.
[0004] To achieve the above objectives, in a first aspect, embodiments of this application disclose a perovskite solar cell, including a substrate, a composite hole transport layer, a perovskite layer, and an electron transport layer;
[0005] The substrate includes a transparent conductive layer, and the composite hole transport layer includes a self-assembled monolayer and a thiocyanate organic salt modification layer. The self-assembled monolayer, the thiocyanate organic salt modification layer, the perovskite layer, and the electron transport layer are sequentially stacked on the transparent conductive layer in a direction away from the substrate.
[0006] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the thickness of the thiocyanate organic salt modification layer is 0.5 nm to 2 nm.
[0007] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the thickness of the self-assembled monolayer is 2 nm to 6 nm.
[0008] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the thickness of the composite hole transport layer is 3 nm to 8 nm.
[0009] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the thiocyanate organic salt modification layer comprises at least one of the following: a methylammonium thiocyanate layer, a formamidinium thiocyanate layer, a guanidine thiocyanate layer, an ethylamine thiocyanate layer, an aniline thiocyanate layer, a diethylamine thiocyanate layer, a triethylamine thiocyanate layer, a tetramethylammonium thiocyanate layer, a tetraethylammonium thiocyanate layer, a tetrabutylammonium thiocyanate layer, or a pyridinium thiocyanate layer.
[0010] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the self-assembled monolayer is a (2-(9H-carbazole-9-yl)ethyl)phosphonic acid layer, a (2-(3,6-dimethoxy-9H-carbazole-9-yl)ethyl)phosphonic acid layer, a [4-(9H-carbazole-9-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid layer, or a [4-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazole-9-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid layer.
[0011] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the substrate further includes a substrate on which the transparent conductive layer is disposed.
[0012] In one possible implementation of the first aspect, the substrate further includes a bottom battery, and the transparent conductive layer is disposed on the front side of the bottom battery;
[0013] The bottom cell is selected from any one of crystalline silicon solar cells, CIGS thin-film solar cells, cadmium telluride thin-film solar cells, III-V thin-film solar cells, or perovskite solar cells.
[0014] In a possible implementation of the first aspect, the perovskite solar cell further includes a front electrode disposed on the side of the electron transport layer opposite to the substrate; and / or,
[0015] A passivation layer is also provided between the electron transport layer and the perovskite layer.
[0016] Secondly, embodiments of this application disclose a photovoltaic module, including a plurality of electrically connected solar cells; wherein at least one of the solar cells is the perovskite solar cell described in the first aspect.
[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this application are:
[0018] This application incorporates an organic thiocyanate modification layer between the self-assembled monolayer and the perovskite layer to improve the spreading effect of the perovskite layer, thereby enhancing the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells.
[0019] The thiocyanate organic salt modification layer can fill the area of the transparent conductive layer that is not covered by the self-assembled monolayer, thus avoiding direct contact between the perovskite layer and the transparent conductive layer.
[0020] Furthermore, the perovskite precursor solution used to prepare the perovskite layer has a polarity match with the thiocyanate organic salt modification layer, resulting in low solid-liquid interfacial tension and good wettability of the perovskite precursor solution on the thiocyanate organic salt modification layer. This gives the perovskite layer stacked on the thiocyanate organic salt modification layer the advantages of uniform thickness and good continuity.
[0021] A uniformly thick perovskite layer allows for uniform light absorption, thus improving light absorption efficiency. The uniform interfacial contact between the perovskite layer and the electron transport layer also facilitates better charge separation and transport efficiency. Furthermore, a uniformly thick perovskite layer avoids stress concentration and reduces the formation of defects such as microcracks. In summary, a perovskite layer with uniform thickness and good continuity is beneficial for improving the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells.
[0022] In summary, the addition of an organic thiocyanate modification layer in this application can prevent the perovskite layer from directly contacting the transparent conductive layer, improve the thickness uniformity and continuity of the perovskite layer, and thus help improve the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells. Attached Figure Description
[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a perovskite solar cell (a single-junction perovskite solar cell) disclosed in an embodiment of this application.
[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a perovskite solar cell (a tandem perovskite solar cell) disclosed in an embodiment of this application.
[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a photovoltaic module disclosed in an embodiment of this application.
[0027] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:
[0028] 10. Perovskite solar cell; 11. Substrate; 111. Transparent conductive layer; 112. Substrate; 113. Bottom cell; 12. Composite hole transport layer; 121. Self-assembled monolayer; 122. Thiocyanate organic salt modification layer; 13. Perovskite layer; 14. Electron transport layer; 15. Front electrode; 16. Passivation layer; 17. Back electrode;
[0029] 20. Welding strip. Detailed Implementation
[0030] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.
[0031] In this application, the terms "setup" and "connection" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral structure; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or an internal connection between two devices, components, or parts. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.
[0032] Self-assembled monolayers have advantages such as minimized parasitic absorption, good stability, low cost, and ease of processing, and are used as efficient hole transport layers in perovskite solar cells.
[0033] In inverted perovskite solar cells, self-assembled monolayers are formed on a transparent conductive layer by organic small molecules. However, it is difficult for the self-assembled monolayers to uniformly cover the transparent conductive layer, leading to direct contact between the perovskite layer and the transparent conductive layer, which intensifies carrier recombination. Furthermore, the spreading effect of the perovskite layer on the self-assembled monolayer is also poor, resulting in a decrease or deterioration in the performance of the perovskite solar cell.
[0034] The reasons why self-assembled monolayers are difficult to uniformly cover transparent conductive layers are as follows:
[0035] 1) Agglomeration problem: Organic small molecule materials tend to form spherical agglomerates with conjugated groups facing inward and phosphate groups facing outward. Agglomerated organic small molecule materials are difficult to uniformly lay on the transparent conductive layer to form a self-assembled monolayer, which in turn makes it difficult for the self-assembled monolayer to uniformly cover the transparent conductive layer.
[0036] 2) Steric hindrance effect: Organic small molecule materials with large conjugated groups are difficult to grow uniformly on transparent conductive layers due to steric hindrance effect.
[0037] The above two reasons result in poor coverage of the self-assembled monolayer on the transparent conductive layer. Part of the transparent conductive layer is exposed on the self-assembled monolayer, leading to direct contact between the perovskite layer stacked on the self-assembled monolayer and the transparent conductive layer. The interface between the transparent conductive layer and the perovskite layer has a large number of defects (such as dangling bonds and dislocations caused by lattice mismatch). These defects can become carrier recombination centers, resulting in a deterioration in the performance of the perovskite solar cell.
[0038] Secondly, the reasons why the perovskite layer does not spread well on the self-assembled monolayer are as follows:
[0039] The self-assembled monolayer is nonpolar, while the perovskite precursor solution used to prepare the perovskite layer is polar. The high solid-liquid interfacial tension between the self-assembled monolayer and the perovskite precursor solution results in poor wettability between the perovskite precursor solution and the self-assembled monolayer. Consequently, the perovskite layer produced is uneven in thickness and has poor continuity, which in turn leads to a deterioration in the performance of the perovskite solar cell.
[0040] The above problems limit the application of self-assembled monolayers in perovskite solar cells.
[0041] Based on the above analysis, this application provides a perovskite solar cell in which an organic thiocyanate modification layer is provided between the self-assembled monolayer and the perovskite layer to improve the spreading effect of the perovskite layer, thereby improving the performance and stability of the perovskite solar cell.
[0042] The technical solution of this utility model will be described below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings.
[0043] Please refer to the following: Figure 1 and Figure 2 This application discloses a perovskite solar cell 10, including a substrate 11, a composite hole transport layer 12, a perovskite layer 13, and an electron transport layer 14.
[0044] The substrate 11 includes a transparent conductive layer 111, and the composite hole transport layer 12 includes a self-assembled monolayer 121 and a thiocyanate organic salt modification layer 122. The self-assembled monolayer 121, the thiocyanate organic salt modification layer 122, the perovskite layer 13, and the electron transport layer 14 are sequentially stacked on the transparent conductive layer 111 in a direction away from the substrate 11.
[0045] This application provides an organic thiocyanate modification layer 122 between the self-assembled monolayer 121 and the perovskite layer 13 to improve the spreading effect of the perovskite layer 13, thereby improving the performance and stability of the perovskite solar cell 10.
[0046] The thiocyanate organic salt modification layer 122 can fill the area of the transparent conductive layer 111 that is not covered by the self-assembled monolayer 121, thus avoiding direct contact between the perovskite layer 13 and the transparent conductive layer 111.
[0047] Furthermore, the perovskite precursor solution used to prepare the perovskite layer 13 has a polarity match with the thiocyanate organic salt modification layer 122, resulting in low solid-liquid interfacial tension and good wettability of the perovskite precursor solution on the thiocyanate organic salt modification layer 122. This gives the perovskite layer 13 stacked on the thiocyanate organic salt modification layer 122 the advantages of uniform thickness and good continuity.
[0048] The uniform thickness of the perovskite layer 13 allows for uniform light absorption, thereby improving light absorption efficiency. The uniform interface contact between the uniformly thick perovskite layer 13 and the electron transport layer 14 is beneficial for improving charge separation and transport efficiency. Furthermore, the uniform thickness of the perovskite layer 13 also avoids stress concentration and reduces the generation of defects such as microcracks. In summary, the uniform thickness and good continuity of the perovskite layer 13 are beneficial for improving the performance and stability of the perovskite solar cell 10.
[0049] In summary, the addition of the thiocyanate organic salt modification layer 122 in this application can prevent the perovskite layer 13 from directly contacting the transparent conductive layer 111, improve the thickness uniformity and continuity of the perovskite layer 13, and thus help improve the performance and stability of the perovskite solar cell 10.
[0050] Optionally, the thickness of the thiocyanate organic salt modification layer 122 is 0.5 nm to 2 nm, for example, 0.5 nm, 1 nm, 1.5 nm, or 2 nm. When the thickness of the thiocyanate organic salt modification layer 122 meets the above thickness range, the charge transport resistance is low, which is beneficial to reducing the series resistance of the perovskite solar cell 10. In addition, the thinner thiocyanate organic salt modification layer 122 also has higher stability, reducing the risk of film peeling and improving the stability of the perovskite solar cell 10.
[0051] Optionally, the thickness of the self-assembled monolayer 121 is 2 nm to 6 nm, for example, 2 nm, 4 nm, or 6 nm. When the thickness of the self-assembled monolayer 121 meets the above-mentioned thickness range, it is beneficial to shorten the hole transport distance and form a low-resistance transport channel. It is also beneficial to improve the continuity of the self-assembled monolayer 121, thereby reducing defects caused by discontinuity in the self-assembled monolayer 121.
[0052] Optionally, the thickness of the composite hole transport layer 12 is 3nm to 8nm, for example, 3nm, 5nm or 8nm. When the thickness of the composite hole transport layer 12 meets the above thickness range, the hole transport distance of the composite hole transport layer 12 is shorter, reducing efficiency loss.
[0053] It should be noted that, in this application, the term "thiocyanate organic salt modified layer 122" refers to a film layer containing thiocyanate organic salt.
[0054] For example, the thiocyanate organic salt modification layer 122 includes at least one layer selected from the following: methylammonium thiocyanate layer, formamidinium thiocyanate layer, guanidine thiocyanate layer, ethylamine thiocyanate layer, aniline thiocyanate layer, diethylamine thiocyanate layer, triethylamine thiocyanate layer, tetramethylammonium thiocyanate layer, tetraethylammonium thiocyanate layer, tetrabutylammonium thiocyanate layer, or pyridinium thiocyanate layer. These thiocyanate organic salt modification layers 122 can optimize the lattice of the perovskite layer 13, which is beneficial for reducing lattice distortion of the perovskite layer 13 and for reducing hole transport resistance, enabling holes to be transported more efficiently from the perovskite layer 13 to the self-assembled monolayer 121.
[0055] Optionally, the self-assembled monolayer 121 is a (2-(9H-carbazole-9-yl)ethyl)phosphonic acid layer, a (2-(3,6-dimethoxy-9H-carbazole-9-yl)ethyl)phosphonic acid layer, a [4-(9H-carbazole-9-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid layer, or a [4-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazole-9-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid layer. These self-assembled monolayers 121 combine the excellent charge transport capabilities of organic materials with the interfacial bonding properties of inorganic phosphonic acids.
[0056] The perovskite solar cell 10 of this application can be a single-junction perovskite solar cell 10 or a tandem perovskite solar cell 10.
[0057] Reference Figure 1 When the perovskite solar cell 10 of this application is a single-junction perovskite solar cell, the substrate 11 further includes a substrate 112, and a transparent conductive layer 111 is disposed on the substrate 112. The single-junction perovskite solar cell 10 has the advantages of being easy to fabricate and having low cost.
[0058] For example, substrate 112 is a glass substrate. Transparent conductive layer 111 is, for example, an indium tin oxide layer, a fluorine-doped tin oxide layer, a fluorine-doped tin oxide layer, an indium-doped zinc oxide layer, or an antimony-doped tin oxide layer.
[0059] Reference Figure 2 When the perovskite solar cell 10 of this application is a tandem perovskite solar cell, the substrate 11 also includes a bottom cell 113, and a transparent conductive layer 111 is disposed on the front side of the bottom cell 113.
[0060] Among them, the bottom cell 113 is selected from any one of crystalline silicon solar cells, CIGS (copper indium gallium selenide) thin-film solar cells, cadmium telluride thin-film solar cells, III-V thin-film solar cells, or perovskite solar cells.
[0061] The tandem perovskite solar cell 10 can make fuller use of the solar spectrum and has the advantages of high conversion efficiency. The bottom cell 113 can also serve as a moisture-proof substrate 11 for the perovskite layer 13, reducing the intrusion of water vapor from the bottom cell 113 direction, thus giving the tandem perovskite solar cell 10 high stability.
[0062] In some embodiments, the perovskite solar cell 10 further includes a front electrode 15 disposed on the side of the electron transport layer 14 opposite to the substrate 11. The front electrode 15 is, for example, a metal electrode, and its function is to conduct current. For more details, see [reference needed]. Figure 2 The perovskite solar cell 10 also includes a back electrode 17, which, together with the front electrode 15, forms the structure by which the perovskite solar cell 10 outputs electrical energy.
[0063] In some embodiments, a passivation layer 16 is further provided between the electron transport layer 14 and the perovskite layer 13. The passivation layer 16 serves to passivate the interface between the perovskite layer 13 and the electron transport layer 14.
[0064] For example, passivation layer 16 is, for instance, a 1,3-propanediamine dihydroiodate (PDAI2) layer.
[0065] Reference Figure 3 This application discloses a photovoltaic module including a plurality of electrically connected solar cells; wherein at least one of the solar cells is a perovskite solar cell 10 disclosed in this application. Specifically, the solar cells can be electrically connected to each other via solder ribbons 20.
[0066] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.
Claims
1. A perovskite solar cell, characterized in that, It includes a substrate, a composite hole transport layer, a perovskite layer, and an electron transport layer; The substrate includes a transparent conductive layer, and the composite hole transport layer includes a self-assembled monolayer and a thiocyanate organic salt modification layer. The self-assembled monolayer, the thiocyanate organic salt modification layer, the perovskite layer, and the electron transport layer are sequentially stacked on the transparent conductive layer in a direction away from the substrate.
2. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the thiocyanate organic salt modification layer is 0.5 nm to 2 nm.
3. The perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the self-assembled monolayer is 2 nm to 6 nm.
4. The perovskite solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The thickness of the composite hole transport layer is 3nm to 8nm.
5. The perovskite solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The thiocyanate organic salt modification layer includes at least one of the following: methylammonium thiocyanate layer, formamidinium thiocyanate layer, guanidine thiocyanate layer, ethylamine thiocyanate layer, aniline thiocyanate layer, diethylamine thiocyanate layer, triethylamine thiocyanate layer, tetramethylammonium thiocyanate layer, tetraethylammonium thiocyanate layer, tetrabutylammonium thiocyanate layer, or pyridinium thiocyanate layer.
6. The perovskite solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The self-assembled monolayer is a (2-(9H-carbazole-9-yl)ethyl)phosphonic acid layer, a (2-(3,6-dimethoxy-9H-carbazole-9-yl)ethyl)phosphonic acid layer, a [4-(9H-carbazole-9-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid layer, or a [4-(3,6-dimethyl-9H-carbazole-9-yl)butyl]phosphonic acid layer.
7. The perovskite solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The substrate further includes a substrate, and the transparent conductive layer is disposed on the substrate.
8. The perovskite solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The substrate also includes a bottom battery, and the transparent conductive layer is disposed on the front side of the bottom battery; The bottom cell is selected from any one of crystalline silicon solar cells, CIGS thin-film solar cells, cadmium telluride thin-film solar cells, III-V thin-film solar cells, or perovskite solar cells.
9. The perovskite solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The perovskite solar cell further includes a front electrode disposed on the side of the electron transport layer opposite to the substrate; and / or, A passivation layer is also provided between the electron transport layer and the perovskite layer.
10. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that, It includes several electrically connected solar cells; wherein at least one of the solar cells is a perovskite solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 9.