A multi-lamp strip type lamp strip structure

Abstract

The application discloses a multi-lamp-bar type lamp strip structure and relates to the field of mechanical equipment for textile industry, which comprises a long-strip-shaped mounting plate and an LED lamp bar, the LED lamp bar comprises a strip-shaped conductive substrate and a plurality of lamp beads arranged on the conductive substrate, the conductive substrate is arranged on one side of the mounting plate and detachably fixedly connected with the mounting plate through a threaded part, a plurality of the lamp beads are arranged in multiple rows along the width direction of the conductive substrate; and the lamp beads comprise white light lamp beads and purple light lamp beads, a plurality of the purple light lamp beads are uniformly arranged along the length direction of the conductive substrate and form a purple light lamp strip, and a plurality of the white light lamp beads are uniformly arranged along the length direction of the conductive substrate and form a white light lamp strip. Through the dual-light-source space cooperation, the end brightness compensation, the modular heat dissipation and the quick maintenance architecture, the application precisely matches the strict requirements of the cotton foreign fiber removing equipment on the light source stability and the imaging uniformity, finally realizes efficient and durable lighting support, and improves the comprehensiveness and sensitivity of the foreign fiber machine in detecting foreign fibers.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of machinery and equipment for the textile industry, and in particular to a multi-strip light strip structure. Background Technology

[0002] To improve yarn quality, the cotton spinning industry typically uses cotton foreign fiber removal equipment (i.e., foreign fiber removers) to remove foreign fibers from cotton. Currently, cotton foreign fiber removal equipment on the market mainly consists of modules such as an optical detection module (or visual detection module), an electronic control module, a cleaning module, and installation accessories. The optical detection module includes a camera module, a light source module, and an image recognition and processing unit. The light source module provides ultraviolet and visible light (visible light typically refers to natural light or a composite of natural and simulated natural light with wavelengths in the range of 400-760 nanometers, which appears as white light to the naked eye). The light source illuminates the cotton, and the camera module captures images of the cotton to identify various foreign fibers within it.

[0003] As the core foundation for foreign fiber detection, the light source module needs to be designed to meet the differences in optical characteristics of different types of foreign fibers. The illumination angle and coverage of ultraviolet light and white light sources directly determine the capture effect of foreign fiber optical characteristics. Currently, the light source modules of existing foreign fiber machines on the market usually choose one of ultraviolet lamps, white light lamps, or full-spectrum LED lamps to illuminate the cotton flow channel (or carding channel, main cotton channel), or use a combination of the aforementioned lamps to illuminate the cotton flow channel (such as a machine vision light source device disclosed in the utility model patent application CN202020737818.2 and an ultraviolet lamp, ultraviolet light box, and seed cotton fluorescent foreign fiber image acquisition mechanism disclosed in the invention patent application CN202510415535.3).

[0004] However, although traditional LED tubes can provide basic lighting, their light intensity is limited by their structure and tends to exhibit a "bright in the middle and dark at both ends" attenuation characteristic. This can easily create shadows or blind spots at the edges and corners of the detection area, resulting in the cotton surface foreign fibers not being evenly illuminated. This affects the clarity of image acquisition and leads to the missed detection of some foreign fibers, ultimately affecting the detection accuracy and foreign fiber detection rate of the foreign fiber detector. Utility Model Content

[0005] In order to improve the problem of insufficient light uniformity in traditional foreign fiber machine light source modules, which leads to the foreign fibers on the cotton surface not being evenly illuminated, this application provides a multi-strip light strip structure.

[0006] The multi-strip light strip structure provided in this application adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] A multi-strip LED light strip structure includes a long strip-shaped mounting plate and LED light strips. The LED light strips include a strip-shaped conductive substrate and multiple LED beads disposed on the conductive substrate. The conductive substrate is disposed on one side of the mounting plate and is detachably fixed to the mounting plate by a threaded component. The multiple LED beads are arranged in multiple rows along the width direction of the conductive substrate. The LED beads include white LED beads and purple LED beads. The multiple purple LED beads are evenly arranged along the length direction of the conductive substrate to form a purple light strip, and the multiple white LED beads are evenly arranged along the length direction of the conductive substrate to form a white light strip.

[0008] By adopting the above technical solution, the LED light strip is composed of multiple evenly arranged LED beads (including white light beads and purple light beads), and multiple rows are arranged along the width direction of the conductive substrate. This can eliminate the illumination gaps of a single row of LED beads and overcome the structural limitations of traditional LED tubes, making the light more uniform and dense, improving the overall illumination uniformity of the light strip structure, and avoiding imaging deviations caused by local excessive darkness or brightness. At the same time, the multi-row layout effectively expands the illumination coverage width, which is conducive to adapting to the transmission speed of cotton flow and other objects to be detected, and makes it easier for the camera to capture and grasp images of cotton flow and other objects to be detected more comprehensively and accurately, reducing the risk of missed detection.

[0009] Furthermore, the mounting plate includes an integrally connected first substrate and second substrate, which are arranged at an obtuse angle; two sets of ultraviolet light strips and two sets of white light strips are provided, and the two sets of ultraviolet light strips and the two sets of white light strips are respectively located on the first substrate and the second substrate.

[0010] Furthermore, the ultraviolet light strips and white light strips are arranged alternately.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, the light strip structure takes the mounting plate as the core support base and forms the main frame through the obtuse angle arrangement of "first substrate + second substrate". This not only builds a stable load-bearing structure, but also, in conjunction with the purple light strip and white light strip, further expands the illumination coverage of the light strip structure, which is conducive to adapting to the physical space of the cotton conveying channel of the cotton foreign fiber removal equipment.

[0012] Furthermore, the width of the white light strip is wider than the width of the violet light strip.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, the width settings of the white light strip and the ultraviolet light strip can be matched to their respective core functions. The wide white light strip provides uniform and shadow-free basic illumination, ensuring stable light intensity and improving the clarity of basic imaging; the narrow ultraviolet light strip can specifically enhance the fluorescence or reflection signals of foreign fibers without interfering with the white light basic illumination, thus enhancing the contour recognition of foreign fibers. The synergistic effect of the white light strip and the ultraviolet light strip ensures both the comprehensiveness of the overall inspection and the improved sensitivity of specific foreign fibers, thereby effectively providing light source support for the high-precision inspection of foreign fiber machines.

[0014] Furthermore, the density of white LED beads at both ends of the conductive substrate is greater than the density of white LED beads in the middle.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, it is beneficial to reduce the impact of shadows / dark corners formed on the two side walls along the width direction of the cotton conveying channel of the foreign fiber machine under illumination on the images captured by the camera, and avoid detection deviations caused by uneven brightness.

[0016] Furthermore, the mounting plate has a reinforcing back plate on the side away from the LED light strip. The reinforcing back plate has a C-shaped cross-section. Both sides of the C-shaped opening of the reinforcing back plate are fixedly connected to the first substrate, and an installation gap is formed between the reinforcing back plate and the first substrate, allowing the wires of the LED light strip to pass through.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, the wires of the LED light strip can be easily introduced and hidden in the installation gap after being led out from the light strip, and then led out from the end of the light strip structure to connect to an external power supply or controller, making the wiring neat, concealed and protected.

[0018] Furthermore, the reinforced back plate has multiple heat dissipation holes that communicate with the installation gap.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, the air in the installation gap can convect with the external environment through the heat dissipation holes, which helps to remove the heat accumulated inside the first substrate and the reinforcing back plate, improve the overall heat dissipation efficiency, reduce the overall temperature of the LED strip and wires, and alleviate the light decay and color temperature shift of the LED beads.

[0020] Furthermore, a heat dissipation strip is integrally formed on the side of the second substrate away from the first substrate, and the heat dissipation strip is located on the side of the second substrate away from the LED light strip.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, it is beneficial to further increase the heat dissipation area of ​​the lamp strip structure.

[0022] Furthermore, a temperature sensor is provided on the LED light strip.

[0023] By adopting the above technical solution, the temperature sensor can be linked with the control system of the cotton foreign fiber removal equipment to achieve overheat protection (such as power reduction or shutdown) and extend the life of the lamp beads.

[0024] Furthermore, the mounting plate is fixed with mounting side plates perpendicular to it at both ends, and both the mounting plate and the mounting side plates are provided with a number of mounting holes for threaded parts to pass through.

[0025] By adopting the above technical solution, it is beneficial to realize the detachable fixing between LED light strip and mounting plate, and between mounting plate and mounting side plate, and also to support the flexible positioning and installation between the entire light strip structure and external equipment (such as the body of cotton foreign fiber removal equipment, light box frame and other external environments). It can enhance the overall stability through multiple installation points and facilitate maintenance and replacement.

[0026] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0027] 1. By combining the mounting plate with multiple LED strips in the LED light bar, the illumination coverage width is effectively expanded, enabling the light strip structure to effectively adapt to the transmission speed of the cotton flow to be detected. At the same time, the multi-LED structure design makes the light illumination of the light strip structure more uniform and dense, improving the overall illumination uniformity of the light strip structure, avoiding imaging deviations caused by local excessive darkness or brightness, and facilitating the camera to more comprehensively and accurately capture and pick up images of the cotton flow to be detected, reducing the risk of missed detection;

[0028] 2. The light strip structure takes the mounting plate as the core support base and forms the main frame through the obtuse angle arrangement of the "first base plate + second base plate". This not only builds a stable load-bearing structure, but also, in conjunction with the purple light strip and white light strip, further expands the illumination coverage of the light strip structure, which is conducive to adapting to the physical space of the cotton conveying channel of the cotton foreign fiber removal equipment.

[0029] 3. By combining the mounting plate, heat sink, and reinforced backplate, dual heat dissipation enhancement of "heat conduction + air convection" can be achieved, thereby quickly removing the heat accumulated by the LED light strip during operation, preventing the LED beads from light decay, color temperature shift, or damage due to overheating, and ensuring the stability of the light source. Attached Figure Description

[0030] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of this application;

[0032] Figure 2 Is with Figure 1 Schematic diagrams of the overall structure of embodiments of this application from different perspectives;

[0033] Figure 3 This is an exploded view of the mounting plate, LED light strip, temperature sensor, and reinforcing backplate according to an embodiment of this application;

[0034] Figure 4 This is a partial structural diagram of an embodiment of this application;

[0035] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure along line AA;

[0036] Figure 6 This is another feasible embodiment of the present application. Figure 5 The comparison chart.

[0037] Reference numerals: 1. Mounting plate; 11. First substrate; 12. Second substrate; 13. Heat sink; 2. LED light strip; 21. Conductive substrate; 22. Ultraviolet LED bead; 23. White LED bead; 3. Mounting side plate; 4. Reinforcing back plate; 41. Heat dissipation hole; 5. Mounting gap; 6. Temperature sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0038] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1-6 This application will be described in further detail.

[0039] This application discloses a multi-strip light strip structure, which is particularly suitable for use in cotton foreign fiber removal equipment to illuminate the material to be tested (i.e., cotton flow) in the cotton foreign fiber removal equipment.

[0040] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The multi-strip light strip structure includes a mounting plate 1 and LED light strips 2. The mounting plate 1 is preferably straight and long. The LED light strips 2 are detachably and fixedly installed on one side of the mounting plate 1. The LED light strips 2 are used for professional lighting. In this embodiment, the mounting plate 1 serves as the support and mounting base for the LED light strips 2.

[0041] Specifically, refer to Figure 3 In this embodiment, mounting plate 1 has mounting side plates 3 fixed at both ends, perpendicular to its length direction. The mounting side plates 3 can be integrally formed with mounting plate 1 (e.g., extrusion molding), or they can be firmly connected by welding, riveting, screws, etc.

[0042] Both the mounting plate 1 and the mounting side plate 3 have a number of mounting holes. The mounting holes on the mounting plate 1 are spaced apart along its length and are preferably oblong or round holes, used for fixing the LED strip 2 or for fixing the entire light strip structure to an external support structure (such as the body or frame of a cotton fiber removal device, or the light box frame of other textile industry equipment). The mounting holes on the mounting side plate 3 are also used for fixing and are preferably threaded holes or through holes to provide diverse mounting points and enhance the installation stability of the entire light strip structure.

[0043] Furthermore, in combination Figure 1 and Figure 3 The LED light strip 2 includes a strip-shaped conductive substrate 21 and a plurality of LED beads evenly arranged along the length of the conductive substrate 21.

[0044] The conductive substrate 21 is preferably a long strip-shaped aluminum substrate. The conductive substrate 21 has pre-embedded conductive elements or conductive lines etched on its surface to provide circuit connections and power the lamp beads. The conductive substrate 21 is disposed on one side of the long strip-shaped mounting plate 1, and the lamp beads, conductive substrate 21 and mounting plate 1 are arranged sequentially from left to right along the direction shown in the figure. The conductive substrate 21 has a number of oblong holes, round holes or threaded holes corresponding to the mounting holes on the mounting plate 1. The conductive substrate 21 and the mounting plate 1 are detachably and fixedly connected by threaded parts.

[0045] The LEDs include white LEDs 23 and ultraviolet LEDs 22. The white LEDs 23 provide natural light or a composite light simulating natural light with wavelengths in the range of 400-760 nanometers (mostly appearing as white light to the naked eye). The ultraviolet LEDs 22 provide ultraviolet light to excite the fluorescence properties of certain heterogeneous fibers (such as white polypropylene fibers). Multiple white LEDs 23 and multiple ultraviolet LEDs 22 are provided. Multiple white LEDs 23 form a white light strip along the length of the conductive substrate 21, and multiple ultraviolet LEDs 22 form an ultraviolet light strip along the length of the conductive substrate 21. The width directions of the white light strip, the ultraviolet light strip, and the conductive substrate 21 are consistent.

[0046] To expand the overall illumination area of ​​the light strip structure and improve the uniformity of illumination, combined with Figure 1 and Figure 3 In this application, the mounting plate 1 is further configured as a folded plate structure, which includes a first substrate 11 and a second substrate 12 arranged at an obtuse angle; two sets of ultraviolet light strips and two sets of white light strips are provided, and the two sets of ultraviolet light strips and the two sets of white light strips are respectively located on the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12. The ultraviolet light strips and white light strips are arranged alternately to expand the effective illumination angle.

[0047] Furthermore, the detection logic of white light and violet light in conjunction with the camera in the foreign fiber detector is different: white light is used to cover multiple colors of light to truly restore the physical characteristics of cotton fibers and non-cotton fibers (i.e., foreign fibers), such as color and texture. It is the "basic light source" for the camera to acquire the overall image of the object being inspected. Its core requirement is to cover the entire detection area and ensure illumination without blind spots. Violet light usually refers to near-ultraviolet light or short-wavelength visible light. Its core requirement is to use fluorescence effect or material reflection difference to specifically highlight foreign fiber signals and identify specific foreign fibers.

[0048] In this embodiment, to ensure that the width and distance of the white and ultraviolet light strips match their core functions, in each set of white and ultraviolet light strips, the white light strip is closer to the camera's imaging axis (i.e., closer to the camera lens's optical axis), while the ultraviolet light strip is slightly farther away. Furthermore, the width of the white light strip is wider than that of the ultraviolet light strip. This allows the white light to provide more uniform and shadow-free basic illumination, ensuring stable light intensity, improving basic image clarity, and creating a specific illumination angle (e.g., oblique illumination) between the ultraviolet light and the foreign fiber. This causes stronger reflection or fluorescence signals at the edges or protrusions of the foreign fiber, enhancing the fiber's contour recognition and specifically strengthening its fluorescence or reflection signals. The synergistic effect of the white and ultraviolet light strips ensures comprehensive overall detection while improving the sensitivity for identifying specific foreign fibers, thus effectively providing light source support for the high-precision detection of the foreign fiber detector.

[0049] Furthermore, in combination Figure 1 and Figure 3 In the white LED strip, multiple white LED beads 23 are evenly arranged in multiple rows along the width direction of the conductive substrate 21. Any two adjacent rows of white LED beads 23 can be arranged longitudinally and transversely along the length and width directions of the mounting profile, or they can be staggered along the length direction of the mounting profile. On the one hand, the white LED beads 23 have a strong regularity in position, resulting in high automated mounting efficiency and improving production efficiency; on the other hand, when one or several LED beads are damaged, the operator can selectively replace the damaged LED beads without replacing the entire LED strip structure, thus reducing maintenance costs.

[0050] Furthermore, in a preferred embodiment of this application, the density of white LED beads 23 at both ends of the conductive substrate 21 is greater than the density of white LED beads 23 in the middle (not shown in the figure), so as to reduce the influence of the shadows / dark corners formed on both sides of the cotton conveying channel of the foreign fiber machine under illumination on the image captured by the camera, and avoid detection deviation caused by uneven brightness.

[0051] Furthermore, refer to Figure 4 and Figure 5To effectively dissipate the heat generated by the LED light strip 2 during operation and prevent overheating that could accelerate light decay or even damage the LED light strip 2, a temperature sensor 6 is installed on the LED light strip 2. This sensor can be linked to the control system of the cotton fiber removal equipment to achieve overheat protection (such as power reduction or shutdown) and extend the life of the LED beads. The surface of the conductive substrate 21 away from the LED beads is attached to the surface of the first substrate 11 or the second substrate 12. The surface area of ​​the mounting plate 1 near the conductive substrate 21 is larger than the area of ​​the conductive substrate 21 in contact with it, and the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12 are integrally connected. A heat dissipation strip 13 is integrally formed on the side of the second substrate 12 away from the first substrate 11, and the heat dissipation strip 13 is located on the side of the second substrate 12 away from the LED light strip 2.

[0052] On the one hand, through the direct contact between the conductive substrate 21 and the mounting plate 1, the heat of the LED strip 2 can be quickly conducted to the entire mounting plate 1. Utilizing the larger surface area of ​​the mounting plate 1 in contact with the air, the heat is dissipated naturally, reducing the operating temperature of the LED beads and effectively alleviating the light decay and color temperature shift of the LED beads. On the other hand, the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12 are integrally connected, and the second substrate 12 and the heat sink 13 are integrally connected, which helps to improve the structural strength and thermal conductivity continuity of the mounting plate 1, and conducts the heat generated by the LED beads to the air more quickly.

[0053] It should be noted that, referring to Figure 5 and Figure 6 In other feasible embodiments of this application, the mounting plate 1 may also include only the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12. Compared with the aforementioned solution with heat dissipation strip 13, the mounting plate 1 is easier to manufacture and process, but the heat dissipation performance is reduced.

[0054] Furthermore, refer to Figure 5 And look back Figure 3 The mounting plate 1 also has a reinforcing back plate 4 on the side away from the LED strip 2. The reinforcing back plate 4 has a C-shaped cross-section, and both sides of the C-shaped opening of the reinforcing back plate 4 are fixedly connected to the first substrate 11. An installation gap 5 is formed between the reinforcing back plate 4 and the first substrate 11, through which the wires of the LED strip 2 can pass. The installation gap 5 extends along the length of the mounting plate 1. After the wires of the LED strip 2 are led out from the strip, they can be easily introduced and hidden in the installation gap 5, and then led out from the end of the light strip structure to connect to an external power supply or controller, making the wiring neat, concealed and protected.

[0055] Furthermore, the reinforcing backplate 4 has multiple heat dissipation holes 41 that communicate with the mounting gap 5. The heat dissipation holes 41 can be round holes, square holes, elongated holes, oblong holes, or combinations thereof, and the multiple heat dissipation holes 41 are regularly arranged along the length direction of the heating backplate; the air in the mounting gap 5 can convect with the external environment through the heat dissipation holes 41, which helps to remove the heat accumulated inside the first substrate 11 and the reinforcing backplate 4, and improve the overall heat dissipation efficiency.

[0056] The implementation principle of the multi-strip light strip structure in this application embodiment is as follows: the light strip structure precisely matches the stringent requirements of cotton foreign fiber removal equipment for light source stability, imaging uniformity and foreign fiber identification sensitivity through dual light source spatial coordination (white light near-axis wide coverage + purple light oblique illumination enhancement), end brightness compensation (density gradient design), modular heat dissipation (three-level heat conduction + active monitoring) and rapid maintenance architecture (detachable light strip + concealed wiring). Ultimately, it achieves efficient and long-lasting lighting support and improves the comprehensiveness and sensitivity of foreign fiber detection by the foreign fiber machine.

[0057] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this application shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains. The terms "first," "second," "third," and similar terms used in this application specification and claims do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. The terms "an" or "a" and similar terms do not indicate a quantity limitation, but rather indicate the presence of at least one. The terms "comprising" or "including" and similar terms mean that the elements or objects preceding "comprising" or "including" encompass the elements or objects listed following "comprising" or "including" and their equivalents, and do not exclude other elements or objects. "Above," "below," "left," "right," etc., are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0058] The above are all preferred embodiments of this application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A multi-strip light strip structure, characterized in that: The device includes a long strip mounting plate (1) and an LED light strip (2). The LED light strip (2) includes a strip-shaped conductive substrate (21) and multiple LED beads disposed on the conductive substrate (21). The conductive substrate (21) is disposed on one side of the mounting plate (1) and the conductive substrate (21) and the mounting plate (1) are detachably and fixedly connected by a threaded component. The multiple LED beads are arranged in multiple rows along the width direction of the conductive substrate (21). The LED beads include white LED beads (23) and purple LED beads (22). The multiple purple LED beads (22) are evenly arranged along the length direction of the conductive substrate (21) to form a purple light strip. The multiple white LED beads (23) are evenly arranged along the length direction of the conductive substrate (21) to form a white light strip.

2. The multi-strip light strip structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting plate (1) includes a first substrate (11) and a second substrate (12) integrally connected, with the first substrate (11) and the second substrate (12) arranged at an obtuse angle; the ultraviolet light strip and the white light strip are each provided in two sets, and the two sets of ultraviolet light strips and the two sets of white light strips are respectively located on the first substrate (11) and the second substrate (12).

3. The multi-strip light strip structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The ultraviolet light strips and white light strips are arranged alternately.

4. A multi-strip light strip structure according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The width of the white light strip is wider than the width of the violet light strip.

5. The multi-strip light strip structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The density of white LED beads (23) at both ends of the conductive substrate (21) is greater than the density of white LED beads (23) in the middle.

6. The multi-strip light strip structure according to claim 4, characterized in that: The mounting plate (1) has a reinforcing back plate (4) on the side away from the LED light strip (2). The reinforcing back plate (4) has a C-shaped cross section. Both sides of the C-shaped opening of the reinforcing back plate (4) are fixedly connected to the first substrate (11). An installation gap (5) is formed between the reinforcing back plate (4) and the first substrate (11) for the wires of the LED light strip (2) to pass through.

7. A multi-strip light strip structure according to claim 6, characterized in that: The reinforcing back plate (4) has multiple heat dissipation holes (41) that communicate with the installation gap (5).

8. The multi-strip light strip structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: A heat dissipation strip (13) is integrally formed on the side of the second substrate (12) away from the first substrate (11), and the heat dissipation strip (13) is located on the side of the second substrate (12) away from the LED light strip (2).

9. A multi-strip light strip structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A temperature sensor (6) is provided on the LED light strip (2).

10. A multi-strip light strip structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting plate (1) has mounting side plates (3) fixed at both ends, which are perpendicular to it. Both the mounting plate (1) and the mounting side plates (3) have a number of mounting holes for threaded parts to pass through.

Images