Vacuum insulation panel and battery assembly

Abstract

The utility model relates to energy storage battery technical field especially relates to a vacuum heat insulation board and battery assembly, vacuum heat insulation board includes heat insulation layer and core material, and heat insulation layer cladding core material, heat insulation layer includes by outside to inside setting gradually external reinforcing layer, extension layer and barrier layer, heat insulation layer passes through multilayer structure design, and each layer all has excellent high temperature resistance, and extension layer and external reinforcing layer provided good mechanical strength characteristics, and not easy to tear, and each layer jointly constitutes heat insulation layer, compared with the existing heat preservation layer for energy storage battery, can provide good structural stability and reliability while having good heat insulation performance, can effectively reduce the probability that energy storage battery produces thermal runaway because of various reasons.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of energy storage battery technology, and in particular to a vacuum insulation panel and battery assembly. Background Technology

[0002] With the active promotion and widespread application of clean energy by countries around the world, energy storage batteries, as a core component of energy storage, have attracted much attention regarding their safety and stability. During the operation of energy storage batteries, thermal runaway has become the primary hidden danger threatening battery safety.

[0003] The causes of thermal runaway in energy storage batteries mainly include three aspects: mechanical abuse, electrical abuse, and thermal abuse. Currently, to address the problem of thermal runaway in energy storage batteries, existing technologies involve wrapping the battery with a thermal insulation film. However, existing thermal insulation films still suffer from insufficient thermal insulation performance or inadequate structural stability and reliability. Utility Model Content

[0004] This application discloses a vacuum insulation panel and a battery assembly to solve the problems of insufficient thermal insulation performance or insufficient structural stability and reliability of the thermal insulation layer in existing energy storage batteries in related technologies.

[0005] To solve the above problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0006] A vacuum insulation panel, characterized in that it comprises an insulation layer and a core material, wherein the insulation layer covers the core material; the insulation layer comprises an outer reinforcing layer, an extension layer and a barrier layer arranged sequentially from the outside to the inside.

[0007] Preferably, the outer reinforcing layer is a glass fiber fabric layer.

[0008] Preferably, the extended layer is a nylon 15-biaxially oriented polyester composite material layer.

[0009] Preferably, the barrier layer is a composite material layer of aluminum foil and polyamide or polyimide.

[0010] Preferably, the thickness of the insulation layer is 100-150 μm.

[0011] Preferably, the external reinforcing layer, the extension layer, and the barrier layer are formed into an integral structure by hot pressing or adhesive bonding.

[0012] Preferably, the core material is covered with a flame-retardant nonwoven fabric, and a vacuum layer is formed between the flame-retardant nonwoven fabric and the heat insulation layer.

[0013] Preferably, the core material is a fumed silica-refractory fiber hybrid core material, with a mass ratio of fumed silica to refractory fiber of 6:4.

[0014] Preferably, the density of the core material is 0.15g-0.25g / cm³. 3 .

[0015] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this utility model also provides a battery assembly, including a battery and a vacuum insulation panel as described above, wherein the vacuum insulation panel covers the outer wall of the battery.

[0016] The technical solution adopted in this utility model can achieve the following beneficial effects:

[0017] 1. The vacuum insulation panel provided by this utility model has a core material covered with a heat insulation layer. The heat insulation layer includes an outer reinforcing layer, an extension layer, and a barrier layer arranged sequentially from the outside to the inside. Through a multi-layer structure design, each layer of the heat insulation layer has excellent high-temperature resistance. The extension layer and the outer reinforcing layer provide good mechanical strength characteristics and are not easy to tear. All layers together form the heat insulation layer, which has good heat insulation performance, structural stability, and reliability, and can effectively reduce the probability of thermal runaway of the energy storage battery.

[0018] 2. The outer reinforcement layer uses fiberglass fabric as the main material. As the outermost structure of the insulation layer, it has excellent high temperature resistance. The fiberglass fabric can greatly improve its tear resistance through special weaving, which can effectively resist various mechanical damage and prevent the vacuum environment inside the vacuum insulation panel from failing due to mechanical external force, thus providing solid and reliable external protection for the vacuum insulation panel.

[0019] 3. The extended layer is made of nylon 15-biaxially oriented polyester composite material. Nylon 15 has good barrier properties and flexibility, while biaxially oriented polyester (MPET12) has high strength and dimensional stability. The extended layer works in conjunction with the external reinforcement layer to ensure the good barrier effect of the heat insulation layer, while also providing excellent mechanical properties for the heat insulation layer. This allows the heat insulation layer as a whole to resist most mechanical impacts and prevent the battery from undergoing mechanical deformation.

[0020] 4. The barrier layer is a composite material layer of aluminum foil and polyamide or polyimide. The aluminum foil has excellent moisture and gas barrier properties, effectively preventing the penetration of oxygen and moisture. The polyamide or polyimide enhances the strength of the composite material. The overall barrier layer has excellent barrier performance, with an oxygen permeability of less than 0.1 cm⁻¹. 3 / (m 2 •day), which ensures that the vacuum insulation panel maintains a good vacuum state during long-term use, effectively guaranteeing the durability of the insulation performance.

[0021] 5. During the manufacturing process, specific composite processes, such as hot-pressing or adhesive bonding, are used to tightly bond the various layers of materials together to form an integrated structure, ensuring the stable performance of the overall insulation layer.

[0022] 6. The flame-retardant non-woven fabric covering the outside of the core material, as well as the vacuum layer formed between the flame-retardant non-woven fabric and the insulation layer, can further enhance the overall flame-retardant and heat insulation properties of the vacuum insulation panel. When the energy storage battery experiences thermal runaway and the ambient temperature rises sharply, its flame-retardant properties can effectively prevent the spread of flames, buying more time for heat insulation.

[0023] 7. The core material of the vacuum insulation panel provided by this utility model is made of fumed silica (SiO2) particles mixed and pressed with refractory fibers (such as ceramic fibers or basalt fibers), which further reduces the overall thermal conductivity of the core material; the refractory fibers enhance the mechanical strength of the core material, ensuring that the core material is not easily deformed or broken when subjected to certain pressure, and maintaining the stability of the thermal insulation performance of the vacuum insulation panel under various working conditions.

[0024] 8. By controlling the density of the core material, a good balance can be achieved between the lightweight design and structural strength of the vacuum insulation panel.

[0025] 9. This utility model also provides a battery assembly, including a battery and a vacuum insulation panel as described above. The vacuum insulation panel covers the outer wall of the battery and has the same beneficial effects as the vacuum insulation panel described above, which will not be repeated here. Attached Figure Description

[0026] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a vacuum insulation panel disclosed in some embodiments of this application;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the insulation layer of a vacuum insulation panel disclosed in some embodiments of this application;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a battery assembly disclosed in some embodiments of this application.

[0030] In the picture:

[0031] 1. Vacuum insulation panel; 2. Battery assembly;

[0032] 10. Insulation layer; 11. Core material; 12. Vacuum layer; 13. Flame-retardant non-woven fabric; 20. Battery;

[0033] 100. External reinforcement layer; 101. Extension layer; 102. Barrier layer;

[0034] 1010, 15-layer nylon; 1011, biaxially oriented polyester film; 1020, aluminum foil; 1021, polyamide film. Detailed Implementation

[0035] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of this utility model will be described in detail below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this utility model, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of this utility model, all other implementation methods obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this utility model.

[0036] The terms "first," "second," etc., used in the specification and claims of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that embodiments of this application can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein, and the objects distinguished by "first," "second," etc., are generally of the same class and are not limited in number; for example, a first object can be one or more.

[0037] In common scenarios of thermal runaway in energy storage batteries, mechanical abuse, such as compression or puncture, can cause mechanical deformation of the battery, partial rupture of the separator, and subsequent internal short circuit. Electrical abuse, such as overcharging and over-discharging, can promote the formation of lithium dendrites inside the battery. These lithium dendrites penetrate the separator, causing a short circuit between the positive and negative electrodes. Thermal abuse manifests as excessively high temperatures, causing the separator and positive electrode materials to decompose, leading to large-scale separator collapse and ultimately a short circuit between the positive and negative electrodes. The common consequence of these three causes is an internal short circuit, resulting in a rapid increase in the internal temperature of the battery. To address the thermal safety challenges of energy storage batteries, existing technologies have adopted numerous measures in terms of thermal insulation. Traditional thermal insulation materials, such as polyurethane foam and polystyrene foam, while possessing certain thermal insulation properties, have relatively high thermal conductivity, generally ranging from 0.02 to 0.04 W / m·K. When thermal runaway occurs in an energy storage battery, these materials are unable to effectively block the rapid conduction of heat, failing to meet the stringent standards for efficient heat insulation in energy storage batteries. This results in the rapid spread of heat propagation, making it difficult to provide the battery with robust and reliable thermal protection.

[0038] Aerogel materials have been applied in the field of thermal insulation for energy storage batteries due to their significant advantages such as ultra-low thermal conductivity, low density, and high specific surface area. However, the preparation cost of aerogels is extremely high, the production process is complex, and the output is difficult to increase significantly, which greatly hinders their large-scale application in the field of energy storage batteries. In addition, aerogel materials have low strength and are easily damaged and broken during actual use, usually requiring additional protective measures, which undoubtedly increases the complexity and cost of application.

[0039] Phase change materials (PCMs) can absorb or release heat during phase change to regulate temperature and possess high heat storage density. However, PCMs have several drawbacks. Solid-liquid PCMs exhibit liquid flow characteristics and must be encapsulated to prevent leakage; some PCMs have poor thermal conductivity and require combination with high thermal conductivity media to improve their thermal conductivity. Furthermore, the performance of PCMs may degrade after long-term use.

[0040] Therefore, existing thermal insulation layers all suffer from insufficient thermal insulation performance or inadequate structural stability and reliability.

[0041] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figures 1 to 3 The vacuum insulation panel 1 and battery assembly 2 provided in this application will be described in detail through specific embodiments and application scenarios.

[0042] Some embodiments of this utility model provide a vacuum insulation panel 1, including an insulation layer 10 and a core material 11.

[0043] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the core material 11 is covered with a heat insulation layer 10. The heat insulation layer 10 includes an outer reinforcement layer 100, an extension layer 101, and a barrier layer 102 arranged sequentially from the outside to the inside. The heat insulation layer 10 has a multi-layer structure design, and each layer has excellent high-temperature resistance. The extension layer 101 and the outer reinforcement layer 100 provide good mechanical strength characteristics and are not easy to tear. All layers together form the heat insulation layer 10, which has good heat insulation performance, structural stability and reliability, and can effectively reduce the probability of thermal runaway of the energy storage battery.

[0044] It should be noted that during installation, the outer reinforcing layer 100 is the layer that comes into contact with the outside world, and the barrier layer 102 is the layer that is close to the core material 11.

[0045] Furthermore, the outer reinforcing layer 100 uses glass fiber fabric as the main material. As the outermost structure of the insulation layer 10, it has excellent high temperature resistance and can withstand high temperature environments above 500°C. Moreover, the glass fiber fabric can greatly improve its tear resistance through special weaving, effectively resisting various mechanical damages and preventing the failure of the vacuum environment inside the vacuum insulation panel 1 due to mechanical external forces, thus providing solid and reliable external protection for the vacuum insulation panel 1.

[0046] Furthermore, the extended layer 101 is composed of a nylon 15 layer 1010 and a biaxially oriented polyester film 1011. Nylon 15 has good barrier properties and flexibility, while biaxially oriented polyester (MPET12) has high strength and dimensional stability. The extended layer 101 works in conjunction with the external reinforcing layer 100 to ensure the good barrier effect of the heat insulation layer, while also providing excellent mechanical properties for the heat insulation layer 10. This allows the heat insulation layer 10 as a whole to resist most mechanical impacts and prevent the battery from undergoing mechanical deformation.

[0047] Furthermore, the barrier layer 102 is a composite material layer of aluminum foil 1020 and polyamide or polyimide. Specifically, in this embodiment, a polyamide film 1021 is used. The aluminum foil 1020 has good water vapor and gas barrier properties, effectively blocking the penetration of oxygen, water vapor, etc. The polyamide film 1021 can enhance the strength of the composite material. The barrier layer 102 as a whole has excellent barrier performance, with an oxygen permeability of less than 0.1 cm. 3 / (m 2 •day), which ensures that the vacuum insulation panel 1 maintains a good vacuum state during long-term use, effectively guaranteeing the durability of the thermal insulation performance.

[0048] Specifically, the polyamide film 1021 has a melting point as high as 300℃, and can still maintain good flexibility at high temperatures, which can effectively avoid the risk of cracking during heat sealing.

[0049] Specifically, the polyamide film 1021 has a multi-layer structure and is composited with aluminum foil 1020 through a multi-layer co-extrusion process to create a highly airtight interface structure.

[0050] Furthermore, the external reinforcing layer 100, the extension layer 101, and the barrier layer 102 are tightly bonded together through specific composite processes, such as hot-pressing composite or adhesive composite, to form an integrated structure, ensuring the stable performance of the overall thermal insulation layer 10.

[0051] It should be noted that the above-mentioned nylon 15-layer 1010, biaxially oriented polyester film 1011, aluminum foil 1020, and polyamide film 1021 are all layered structures. The above structures are bonded together by hot pressing or adhesive to form an integrated layered structure.

[0052] The thickness of the membrane not only affects the composite quality during production, but also the vacuum barrier performance. Preferably, the thickness of the heat insulation layer 10 is 100-150 μm.

[0053] As an optional implementation, the outer reinforcing layer 100 is 35 μm, the nylon 15 layer 1010 is 15 μm, the biaxially oriented polyester film 1011 is 12 μm, the aluminum foil 1020 is 7 μm, and the polyamide film 1021 is 75 μm.

[0054] Furthermore, the core material 11 is covered with a flame-retardant non-woven fabric 13, and a vacuum layer 12 is formed between the flame-retardant non-woven fabric 13 and the heat insulation layer 10. The flame-retardant non-woven fabric 13 covering the core material 11 and the vacuum layer 12 formed between the flame-retardant non-woven fabric 13 and the heat insulation layer 10 can further improve the overall flame-retardant and heat insulation properties of the vacuum insulation panel 1. When the energy storage battery experiences thermal runaway and the ambient temperature rises sharply, its flame-retardant properties can effectively prevent the spread of flames, thus buying more time for heat insulation.

[0055] Specifically, the flame-retardant nonwoven fabric 13 is impregnated with a phosphorus-based flame retardant, and its oxygen index is ≥32%, so it will not release toxic gases in high-temperature environments. The nonwoven fabric has good flexibility and certain strength, and can tightly wrap the core material 11. According to the size of the core material 11, the flame-retardant nonwoven fabric 13 is cut into a suitable size to ensure that it can completely cover the core material 11 and that there is a certain margin at the edges to ensure that the core material 11 will not leak.

[0056] Furthermore, the core material 11 is made by mixing and pressing fumed silica (SiO2) particles with refractory fibers (such as ceramic fibers or basalt fibers), which further reduces the overall thermal conductivity of the core material 11; the refractory fibers enhance the mechanical strength of the core material 11, ensuring that the core material is not easily deformed or broken when subjected to certain pressure, and maintaining the stability of the thermal insulation performance of the vacuum insulation board 1 under various working conditions.

[0057] Furthermore, the mass ratio of fumed silica to refractory fiber is 6:4, and the density of core material 11 is 0.15-0.25 g / cm³. 3 By controlling the density of the core material 11, a good balance can be achieved between the lightweight design and structural strength of the vacuum insulation panel 1.

[0058] Specifically, nanoscale fumed silica (SiO2) particles have extremely small particle sizes and huge specific surface areas, which can effectively prevent heat conduction and give them extremely low thermal conductivity. Fumed silica and refractory fibers are mixed by stirring so that the fumed silica particles can be fully and uniformly filled into the gaps of the refractory fibers, achieving a tight mixture between the two.

[0059] As an optional implementation, nano-alumina (Al2O3) can be added as a filler to the uniformly mixed fumed silica-refractory fiber mixture, which can significantly enhance the flame retardancy and thermal stability of the core material 11, wherein the nano-alumina and the above materials are mixed by stirring with a mixer.

[0060] Please refer to Figure 3 Some embodiments of this utility model also provide a battery assembly 2, including a battery 20 and a vacuum insulation plate 1 as described in the above embodiments. The vacuum insulation plate 1 covers the outer wall of the battery 20 and has the same beneficial effects as the vacuum insulation plate 1 described above, which will not be repeated here.

[0061] Actual tests show that the vacuum insulation board 1 provided by this utility model exhibits excellent thermal insulation performance; in terms of high temperature resistance, compared with traditional thermal insulation materials, the thermal insulation structure and material combination adopted by this utility model improves the high temperature resistance by 280%; in terms of thermal insulation efficiency, compared with traditional vacuum insulation boards, the thermal insulation efficiency is improved by 40%; from the perspective of production cost, compared with expensive aerogel materials, the production cost of this invention is reduced by 30%.

[0062] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Unless otherwise specified, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes that element.

[0063] Furthermore, it should be noted that the scope of the methods and apparatus in the embodiments of this application is not limited to performing functions in the order shown or discussed, but may also include performing functions substantially simultaneously or in the reverse order, depending on the functions involved. For example, the described methods may be performed in a different order than described, and various steps may be added, omitted, or combined. In addition, features described with reference to certain examples may be combined in other examples.

[0064] The above description is only a specific embodiment of this utility model, but the protection scope of this utility model is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this utility model should be included within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A vacuum insulation panel, characterized in that, It includes a heat insulation layer and a core material, wherein the heat insulation layer covers the core material; the heat insulation layer includes an outer reinforcement layer, an extension layer and a barrier layer arranged sequentially from the outside to the inside.

2. The vacuum insulation panel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The external reinforcing layer is a glass fiber fabric layer.

3. The vacuum insulation panel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The extended layer is a nylon 15-biaxially oriented polyester composite material layer.

4. The vacuum insulation panel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The barrier layer is a composite material layer of aluminum foil and polyamide or polyimide.

5. The vacuum insulation panel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the insulation layer is 100-150 μm.

6. The vacuum insulation panel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The external reinforcing layer, the extension layer, and the barrier layer are formed into an integral structure by hot pressing or adhesive bonding.

7. The vacuum insulation panel according to claim 1, characterized in that, The core material is covered with flame-retardant non-woven fabric, and a vacuum layer is formed between the flame-retardant non-woven fabric and the heat insulation layer.

8. The vacuum insulation panel according to claim 7, characterized in that, The core material is a fumed silica-refractory fiber hybrid core material, with a mass ratio of fumed silica to refractory fiber of 6:

4.

9. The vacuum insulation panel according to claim 8, characterized in that, The density of the core material is 0.15g-0.25g / cm³. 3 .

10. A battery assembly, characterized in that, It includes a battery and a vacuum insulation panel as described in any one of claims 1-9, wherein the vacuum insulation panel covers the outer wall of the battery.

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