A type of indexing chuck
By employing a parallel push rod advancing and retreating mechanism and a non-zero angle indexing plate design in the indexing chuck, the problems of force loss and unstable locking in the indexing chuck are solved, achieving high-precision and low-cost indexing results.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- NINGBO MAITU MASCH TECH CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2025-06-11
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-30
AI Technical Summary
Existing indexing chucks suffer significant force loss during indexing, and the locking force of the push rod is unstable, affecting machining accuracy and increasing costs, while also requiring sophisticated equipment.
The first and second push rods are set in parallel. The indexing block is rotated and locked by the same advance and retreat mechanism. The upper and lower stacked square indexing plates and the non-zero included angle design between the push rod and the indexing plate reduce force loss and ensure stable locking.
It achieves stable indexing and high machining accuracy, reduces machining costs and equipment requirements, and improves machining efficiency.
Smart Images
Figure CN224424310U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to the field of machine tool fixture technology, and in particular to an indexing chuck. Background Technology
[0002] A dividing chuck is a special type of chuck used on CNC lathes. Through program-controlled fixture rotation, it allows multiple surfaces of the workpiece to be machined in a single setup. Currently, commercially available dividing chucks typically consist of a chuck body, a dividing shaft with dividing blocks, and two ejector pins. These ejector pins and the dividing shaft form the dividing mechanism. The two ejector pins move sequentially, engaging with the corresponding dividing surfaces of the dividing blocks on the dividing shaft, thus rotating the shaft and achieving indexing.
[0003] In commonly used indexing chucks, two push rods typically move within two oblique holes inside the chuck body. For example, in Chinese invention patent number 201810251559.X, the push rods within the two oblique holes are on the same plane, sequentially driving the indexing shaft for indexing. This structure results in a loss of force during indexing (the oblique force is decomposed into a vertical force and a horizontal force), and the locking force of one of the push rods is relatively weak, leading to unstable indexing and impacting machining accuracy. Furthermore, the chuck's machining time and cost are relatively high, and it places high demands on the machining equipment. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The technical problem to be solved by this utility model is to provide an indexing chuck that is simple in structure, easy to process, has stable indexing, and can provide relatively reliable processing accuracy.
[0005] The technical solution adopted by this utility model to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows:
[0006] An indexing chuck includes a chuck body, an indexing shaft rotatably disposed within the chuck body, an indexing block disposed at the center of one end of the indexing shaft, and a first push rod and a second push rod disposed on both sides of the indexing block for pushing the indexing block to rotate and locking the indexing block.
[0007] The first push rod and the second push rod are respectively horizontally movable in the chuck body, the first push rod and the second push rod are arranged parallel to each other in the left and right, and the indexing block is located between the first push rod and the second push rod.
[0008] The first and second push rods move forward and backward simultaneously: The first and second push rods push forward at the same time, with the first indexing locking surface on the first push rod engaging with the corresponding first indexing contact surface on the indexing block, while the second push rod remains free, completing the indexing; The first and second push rods then retract simultaneously, with the second indexing locking surface on the second push rod engaging with the corresponding second indexing contact surface on the indexing block, while the first push rod remains free, completing the indexing; this process is repeated, causing the indexing shaft to rotate and lock, thus achieving indexing.
[0009] The indexing block includes two square indexing plates stacked on top of each other. The two indexing plates are a first indexing plate and a second indexing plate. The center of the first indexing plate and the center of the second indexing plate are coaxial with the indexing axis. The diagonal of the first indexing plate and the diagonal of the second indexing plate form a non-zero angle.
[0010] The first indexing plate is driven and locked by the first push rod. The four side end faces of the first indexing plate are the four first indexing mating surfaces, all of which are flat end faces. The adjacent first indexing mating surfaces are perpendicular to each other. The inner end of the first push rod is provided with the first indexing locking surface, which is a flat end face.
[0011] The second indexing plate is driven and locked by the second push rod. The four side end faces of the second indexing plate are the four second indexing mating surfaces, all of which are flat end faces. Adjacent second indexing mating surfaces are perpendicular to each other. The inner end of the second push rod is provided with the second indexing locking surface, which is a flat end face.
[0012] The first push rod is located above the second push rod, the first indexing locking surface is located on the right side of the front end of the first push rod, and the second indexing locking surface is located on the left side of the front end of the second push rod.
[0013] The bottom of the front end of the first push rod is recessed upward to avoid the second indexing plate.
[0014] The top of the front end of the second push rod is recessed downward to avoid the first indexing plate.
[0015] The left side of the second push rod is provided with a clearance recess for avoiding the second indexing plate when the second push rod pushes forward, and the clearance recess is located after the second indexing locking surface.
[0016] The chuck body is provided with a first guide cavity for the first push rod to move horizontally back and forth. The rear end of the first push rod is connected to a first piston. The chuck body is provided with a first piston chamber for the first piston to move horizontally back and forth. The first guide cavity is connected to the first piston chamber. The first push rod can be horizontally moved back and forth in the first guide cavity. The first piston can be horizontally moved back and forth in the first piston chamber.
[0017] The chuck body is provided with a second guide cavity for the second push rod to move horizontally back and forth. The rear end of the second push rod is connected to a second piston. The chuck body is provided with a second piston chamber for the second piston to move horizontally back and forth. The second guide cavity is connected to the second piston chamber. The second push rod can be horizontally moved back and forth in the second guide cavity. The second piston can be horizontally moved back and forth in the second piston chamber.
[0018] The first guide cavity and the second guide cavity are spaced apart from each other, and the indexing block is disposed between the first guide cavity and the second guide cavity.
[0019] The first piston divides the first piston chamber into an independent first front chamber and a first rear chamber from front to back. The second piston divides the second piston chamber into an independent second front chamber and a second rear chamber from front to back. The first front chamber and the second front chamber are connected by a first oil passage, and the first rear chamber and the second rear chamber are connected by a second oil passage. The chuck body is provided with a first oil inlet / outlet channel for connecting to the first front chamber or the second front chamber and a second oil inlet / outlet channel for connecting to the first rear chamber or the second rear chamber.
[0020] The front part of the first guide cavity is open and closed by the first front sealing end cap; the front part of the second guide cavity is open and closed by the second front sealing end cap; the rear part of the first piston chamber is open and closed by the first rear sealing end cap; and the rear part of the second piston chamber is open and closed by the second rear sealing end cap.
[0021] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of this utility model are:
[0022] (1) The structure is simple. The first and second push rods move horizontally back and forth in parallel, which can effectively reduce the force loss during the working process and ensure that the indexing shaft is in the best locking state at each angle, thereby achieving stable and accurate indexing, making it easier to achieve high processing accuracy. The processing and manufacturing are also simple, and the requirements for processing equipment are also low, which can effectively reduce manufacturing costs.
[0023] (2) The first push rod and the second push rod move forward and backward together. When one push rod pushes out, it locks the indexing shaft. When the other push rod retracts, it locks the indexing shaft. This can make full use of the space of the chuck body. The push rod can be designed to be long enough to achieve better guidance. The machining of the chuck body is simpler. The machining can be completed in one clamping. The requirements for machining equipment are low and the machining efficiency is high. Attached Figure Description
[0024] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of the present invention showing the first and second push rods locked at 90° when they are simultaneously pushed out.
[0025] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the first and second push rods in the present invention, showing them locked at 45° when both are retracted simultaneously.
[0026] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the first push rod and the second push rod cooperating with the indexing shaft in this utility model;
[0027] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the second push rod in this utility model. Detailed Implementation
[0028] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
[0029] As shown in the figure, an indexing chuck includes a chuck body 1, an indexing shaft 2 is rotatably disposed inside the chuck body 1, an indexing block is disposed at the center of one end of the indexing shaft 2, and a first push rod 3 and a second push rod 4 are disposed on both sides of the indexing block for pushing the indexing block to rotate and locking the indexing block.
[0030] The first push rod 3 and the second push rod 4 are respectively horizontally movable in the chuck body 1. The first push rod 3 and the second push rod 4 are arranged parallel to each other in the left and right directions. The indexing block is located between the first push rod 3 and the second push rod 4.
[0031] The first push rod 3 and the second push rod 4 move forward and backward simultaneously: the first push rod 3 and the second push rod 4 push forward at the same time, the first indexing locking surface 31 on the first push rod 3 engages with the corresponding first indexing contact surface 51 on the indexing block, and the second push rod 4 is left open, completing the indexing; the first push rod 3 and the second push rod 4 retract simultaneously, the second indexing locking surface 41 on the second push rod 4 engages with the corresponding second indexing contact surface 61 on the indexing block, and the first push rod 3 is left open, completing the indexing; this process is repeated, driving the indexing shaft 2 to rotate and lock, thus achieving indexing.
[0032] In this specific embodiment, the indexing block includes two square indexing plates stacked on top of each other. The two indexing plates are a first indexing plate 5 and a second indexing plate 6. The center of the first indexing plate 5 and the center of the second indexing plate 6 are coaxial with the indexing axis 2. The diagonal of the first indexing plate 5 and the diagonal of the second indexing plate 6 form a non-zero angle α.
[0033] The first indexing plate 5 is driven and locked by the first push rod 3. The four side end faces of the first indexing plate 5 are four first indexing mating surfaces 51, all of which are flat end faces. Adjacent first indexing mating surfaces 51 are perpendicular to each other. The inner end of the first push rod 3 is provided with a first indexing locking surface 31, which is a flat end face.
[0034] The second indexing plate 6 is driven and locked by the second push rod 4. The four side end faces of the second indexing plate 6 are four second indexing mating surfaces 61, all of which are flat end faces. Adjacent second indexing mating surfaces 61 are perpendicular to each other. The inner end of the second push rod 4 is provided with a second indexing locking surface 41, which is also a flat end face. Through two indexing plates stacked one above the other, with the diagonals of the two indexing plates forming a non-zero angle, one push rod drives one indexing plate, resulting in different contact surfaces between the two push rods and the indexing shaft 2, minimizing wear and facilitating non-standard designs.
[0035] In this specific embodiment, the first push rod 3 is located above the second push rod 4, the first indexing locking surface 31 is located on the right side of the front end of the first push rod 3, and the second indexing locking surface 41 is located on the left side of the front end of the second push rod 4. This ensures that the two push rods are on different planes, and that the two indexing plates on different planes do not interfere with each other.
[0036] In this specific embodiment, the bottom of the front end of the first push rod 3 is recessed upwards to provide a first avoidance recess 32 for avoiding the second indexing plate 6. This ensures that the first push rod 3 only pushes the first indexing plate 5 during operation, effectively preventing the second indexing plate 6 from interfering with the operation.
[0037] In this specific embodiment, the top of the front end of the second push rod 4 is recessed downwards to provide a second avoidance recess 42 for avoiding the first indexing plate 5. This ensures that the second push rod 4 only pushes the second indexing plate 6 during operation, effectively preventing the first indexing plate 5 from interfering with the operation.
[0038] In this specific embodiment, the left side of the second push rod 4 is provided with a clearance recess 43 for avoiding the second indexing plate 6 when the second push rod 4 pushes forward. The clearance recess 43 is located after the second indexing locking surface 41. Through this clearance recess 43, when the first push rod 3 and the second push rod 4 push forward simultaneously, it is ensured that only the first push rod 3 and the first indexing plate 5 cooperate and fit together for positioning, effectively avoiding interference from the second indexing plate 6 during this process. When the first push rod 3 and the second push rod 4 retract synchronously, the second push rod 4 and the second indexing plate 6 cooperate and fit together for positioning.
[0039] In this specific embodiment, the chuck body 1 is provided with a first guide cavity 11 for the first push rod 3 to move horizontally back and forth. The rear end of the first push rod 3 is connected to a first piston 30. The chuck body 1 is provided with a first piston chamber for the first piston 30 to move horizontally back and forth. The first guide cavity 11 is connected to the first piston chamber. The first push rod 3 is movably disposed in the first guide cavity 11, and the first piston 30 is movably disposed in the first piston chamber.
[0040] The chuck body 1 is provided with a second guide cavity 12 for the second push rod 4 to move horizontally back and forth. The rear end of the second push rod 4 is connected to a second piston 40. The chuck body 1 is provided with a second piston chamber for the second piston 40 to move horizontally back and forth. The second guide cavity 12 is connected to the second piston chamber. The second push rod 4 is movably disposed in the second guide cavity 12, and the second piston 40 is movably disposed in the second piston chamber.
[0041] The first guide cavity 11 and the second guide cavity 12 are spaced apart from each other, and the indexing block is located between the first guide cavity 11 and the second guide cavity 12. The structure is simple and the guidance is stable.
[0042] In this specific embodiment, the first piston 30 divides the first piston chamber into an independent first front chamber 301 and a first rear chamber 302 from front to back, and the second piston 40 divides the second piston chamber into an independent second front chamber 401 and a second rear chamber 402 from front to back. The first front chamber 301 and the second front chamber 401 are connected by a first oil passage (not shown in the figure), and the first rear chamber 302 and the second rear chamber 402 are connected by a second oil passage 10. The chuck body 1 is provided with a first oil inlet / outlet channel (not shown in the figure) for connecting to the first front chamber 301 or the second front chamber 401, and a second oil inlet / outlet channel 101 for connecting to the first rear chamber 302 or the second rear chamber 402. The oil circuit is simple, requiring only two oil inlet / outlet channels, which simplifies the overall machining process.
[0043] In this specific embodiment, the front of the first guide cavity 11 is open and closed by the first front sealing end cap 111, the front of the second guide cavity 12 is open and closed by the second front sealing end cap 121, the rear of the first piston chamber is open and closed by the first rear sealing end cap 300, and the rear of the second piston chamber is open and closed by the second rear sealing end cap 400. This design facilitates machining; the chuck body 1 only needs to be clamped once to machine the guide cavities and piston cavities of the two push rods (directly machining the through cavities, and sealing the corresponding openings during assembly), effectively improving machining efficiency and reducing production costs.
[0044] In use, hydraulic oil is input into the second inlet / outlet oil channel 101. At this time, the first piston 30 and the second piston 40 move forward under pressure, driving the first push rod 3 and the second push rod 4 to push forward. Driven by the first push rod 3, the corresponding first indexing mating surface 51 and the first indexing locking surface 31 are mated, locking the first indexing piece 5, and the indexing is completed. At this time, the second push rod 4 is cleared from the second indexing piece 6 by the clearance recess 43. Then, the oil input to the inlet / outlet oil channel is discharged. Hydraulic oil is input into the first inlet / outlet oil channel. At this time, the first piston 30 and the second piston 40 move backward under the action of pressure, driving the first push rod 3 and the second push rod 4 to retract synchronously, releasing the locking effect of the first push rod 3 on the first indexing plate 5. At the same time, driven by the second push rod 4, the corresponding second indexing mating surface 61 and the second indexing locking surface 41 are mated, locking the second indexing plate 6, and the indexing is completed. This process is repeated to drive the indexing shaft 2 to rotate and lock, thus realizing the indexing.
Claims
1. An indexing chuck, comprising a chuck body, wherein an indexing shaft is rotatably disposed within the chuck body, an indexing block is disposed at the center of one end of the indexing shaft, and a first push rod and a second push rod are disposed on both sides of the indexing block for pushing the indexing block to rotate and locking the indexing block, characterized in that: The first push rod and the second push rod are respectively horizontally movable in the chuck body, the first push rod and the second push rod are arranged parallel to each other in the left and right, and the indexing block is located between the first push rod and the second push rod. The first and second push rods move forward and backward simultaneously: The first and second push rods push forward at the same time, with the first indexing locking surface on the first push rod engaging with the corresponding first indexing contact surface on the indexing block, while the second push rod remains free, completing the indexing; The first and second push rods then retract simultaneously, with the second indexing locking surface on the second push rod engaging with the corresponding second indexing contact surface on the indexing block, while the first push rod remains free, completing the indexing; this process is repeated, driving the indexing shaft to rotate and lock, thus achieving indexing.
2. The indexing chuck as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The indexing block includes two square indexing plates stacked on top of each other. The two indexing plates are a first indexing plate and a second indexing plate. The center of the first indexing plate and the center of the second indexing plate are coaxial with the indexing axis. The diagonal of the first indexing plate and the diagonal of the second indexing plate form a non-zero angle. The first indexing plate is driven and locked by the first push rod. The four side end faces of the first indexing plate are the four first indexing mating surfaces, all of which are flat end faces. The adjacent first indexing mating surfaces are perpendicular to each other. The inner end of the first push rod is provided with the first indexing locking surface, which is a flat end face. The second indexing plate is driven and locked by the second push rod. The four side end faces of the second indexing plate are the four second indexing mating surfaces, all of which are flat end faces. Adjacent second indexing mating surfaces are perpendicular to each other. The inner end of the second push rod is provided with the second indexing locking surface, which is a flat end face.
3. A chuck for indexing as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that... The first push rod is located above the second push rod, the first indexing locking surface is located on the right side of the front end of the first push rod, and the second indexing locking surface is located on the left side of the front end of the second push rod.
4. The indexing chuck as described in claim 2, characterized in that... The bottom of the front end of the first push rod is recessed upward to avoid the second indexing plate.
5. An indexing chuck as described in claim 2 or 4, characterized in that... The top of the front end of the second push rod is recessed downward to avoid the first indexing plate.
6. The indexing chuck as described in claim 2, characterized in that... The left side of the second push rod is provided with a clearance recess for avoiding the second indexing plate when the second push rod pushes forward, and the clearance recess is located after the second indexing locking surface.
7. The indexing chuck as described in claim 1, characterized in that... The chuck body is provided with a first guide cavity for the first push rod to move horizontally back and forth. The rear end of the first push rod is connected to a first piston. The chuck body is provided with a first piston chamber for the first piston to move horizontally back and forth. The first guide cavity is connected to the first piston chamber. The first push rod can be horizontally moved back and forth in the first guide cavity. The first piston can be horizontally moved back and forth in the first piston chamber. The chuck body is provided with a second guide cavity for the second push rod to move horizontally back and forth. The rear end of the second push rod is connected to a second piston. The chuck body is provided with a second piston chamber for the second piston to move horizontally back and forth. The second guide cavity is connected to the second piston chamber. The second push rod can be horizontally moved back and forth in the second guide cavity. The second piston can be horizontally moved back and forth in the second piston chamber. The first guide cavity and the second guide cavity are spaced apart from each other, and the indexing block is disposed between the first guide cavity and the second guide cavity.
8. The indexing chuck as described in claim 7, characterized in that... The first piston divides the first piston chamber into an independent first front chamber and a first rear chamber from front to back. The second piston divides the second piston chamber into an independent second front chamber and a second rear chamber from front to back. The first front chamber and the second front chamber are connected by a first oil passage, and the first rear chamber and the second rear chamber are connected by a second oil passage. The chuck body is provided with a first oil inlet / outlet channel for connecting to the first front chamber or the second front chamber and a second oil inlet / outlet channel for connecting to the first rear chamber or the second rear chamber.
9. The indexing chuck as described in claim 7, characterized in that... The front part of the first guide cavity is open and closed by the first front sealing end cap; the front part of the second guide cavity is open and closed by the second front sealing end cap; the rear part of the first piston chamber is open and closed by the first rear sealing end cap; and the rear part of the second piston chamber is open and closed by the second rear sealing end cap.