Rapid support system for tunnel construction in easily collapsible and weak strata exploration

Abstract

This utility model discloses a rapid support system, particularly a rapid support system for the construction of exploration tunnels in easily collapsible and weak strata, belonging to the technical field of geological exploration engineering construction technology and equipment design and manufacturing. It provides a rapid support system for the construction of exploration tunnels in easily collapsible and weak strata that offers fast deployment and effectively ensures the safety of tunnel construction. The rapid support system includes a gate-arch steel support structure and quick-installation connection and adjustment components. The gate-arch steel support structure is quickly erected at the corresponding position of the exploration tunnel after excavation or when it has been excavated to a specified shape, with adjustable spacing between the quick-installation connection and adjustment components. At least the rock mass at the top of the excavated exploration tunnel or when it has been excavated to a specified shape is supported and stabilized by the gate-arch steel support structure, which is connected as a whole.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to a rapid support system, and more particularly to a rapid support system for the construction of exploration tunnels in easily collapsible and weak strata, belonging to the field of geological exploration engineering construction process equipment design and manufacturing technology. Background Technology

[0002] Geological exploration tunnels are used to investigate and evaluate the geotechnical conditions of engineering construction sites or foundations and their potential interactions with engineering construction. Especially in the hydropower industry, the results of geological exploration of exploration tunnels are a crucial foundation for the design and construction of underground powerhouses and tunnels. During the excavation of hydropower exploration tunnels, loose and easily collapsing soft strata are frequently encountered. Insufficient support often leads to roof collapses in the exploration tunnel, seriously endangering the safety of workers and affecting the progress of exploration operations. Since the cross-sectional dimensions of exploration tunnels are generally no more than 3m × 3m, the common support method is to use welded steel arches to form steel supports. This is mainly because the working face inside the tunnel is small, suitable small-scale machinery is limited, and the degree of mechanization in tunneling and support is low, relying primarily on manual labor. This results in a series of problems such as high labor intensity, slow operation, low utilization of working time, and significant construction safety hazards. Ultimately, prolonged exposure of the excavation face in soft strata without timely support can lead to tunnel collapse, making support and excavation construction extremely difficult. If groundwater is abundant in the tunnel section, the risk of collapse of the unsupported, weak strata excavation face increases dramatically, posing a significant threat to safe production. Utility Model Content

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by this utility model is to provide a rapid support system for the construction of exploration tunnels in easily collapsible and weak strata that can be deployed quickly and effectively ensure the safety of tunnel construction.

[0004] The technical solution adopted to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is: a rapid support system for the construction of exploration tunnels in easily collapsible and weak strata. The rapid support system includes a gate arch steel support structure and quick-installation connection adjustment components. The gate arch steel support structure is quickly erected at the corresponding position of the exploration tunnel after excavation or excavation to the specified shape through the adjustable spacing between the quick-installation connection adjustment components. At least the rock mass at the top of the exploration tunnel after excavation or excavation to the specified shape is supported and kept stable by the gate arch steel support structure connected as a whole.

[0005] Furthermore, the arch-shaped steel support structure of the city gate includes at least one curved arch section, two lower straight sections, and four connecting plates. A connecting plate is arranged at the top of each lower straight section, and a connecting plate is also arranged at both ends of the curved arch section. The two lower straight sections and the curved arch section are detachably connected to each other through the four connecting plates and the cooperation of connecting bolts to form a city gate arch-shaped support structure. Quick-installation connection mechanisms are set on the curved arch section and each lower straight section. Adjacent city gate arch-shaped support structures are connected to each other as a whole through quick-installation connection adjustment components and the cooperation of quick-installation connection mechanisms.

[0006] The preferred embodiment of the above scheme is that the rapid support system also includes grouting pipes. Small pipes are installed through holes on the arch-shaped steel support structure near the working face. Each grouting pipe is inserted horizontally into the soft stratum in front of the working face through the small pipe through holes. The soft stratum in front of the working face that has not yet been excavated is solidified and its stability is enhanced by grouting fluid introduced through the grouting pipes. Support pads are also installed at the bottom of each lower straight section.

[0007] Furthermore, the rapid support system also includes steel mesh or wire mesh, which is pre-placed at the corresponding positions where the excavation is completed or the exploration tunnel of the specified shape has not yet been equipped with the arch-shaped steel support structure.

[0008] A preferred embodiment of the above scheme is that the rapid support system further includes anchor bolts and / or anchor pipes, and at least the two lower straight sections of the arch-shaped steel support structure are connected to the surrounding rock at the corresponding locations as a whole by at least two anchor bolts and / or anchor pipes arranged vertically.

[0009] Furthermore, the quick-installation connection adjustment assembly includes at least three sets of adjustable-length connectors. At least one set of adjustable-length connectors is arranged on each of the two lower straight sections and one curved section of the two adjacent sets of arch-shaped steel support structures. The spacing between the two adjacent sets of arch-shaped steel support structures is determined by adjusting each set of connectors according to requirements.

[0010] The preferred embodiment of the above scheme is that each set of connectors includes a connecting sleeve, two longitudinal connecting rods and two sets of fasteners. The two ends of the connecting sleeve are respectively provided with internal threads of opposite directions. The connecting ends of the two longitudinal connecting rods are respectively provided with external threads adapted to the corresponding internal thread direction. The other ends of the two longitudinal connecting rods, which are respectively fixed on different arch steel support structures by a set of fasteners, are connected as a whole with adjustable length in cooperation with the connecting sleeve.

[0011] Furthermore, the spacing between the two sets of connecting parts arranged circumferentially along the arch-shaped steel support structure of the city gate is 300-800mm.

[0012] The preferred approach to the above scheme is that the cross-sectional dimensions of each group of gate-shaped steel support structures are 2m×2m or 3m×3m, which are adapted to the exploratory tunnels that need to be excavated.

[0013] Furthermore, the adjustable length of the connecting sleeve is 100 mm - 500 mm, and the spacing between two adjacent arch-shaped steel support structures connected by various sets of connectors includes at least four sizes: 0.6 m, 0.8 m, 1.0 m, and 1.2 m.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: The technical solution provided in this application establishes a rapid support system comprising a gate arch steel support structure and quick-connect adjustment components. The gate arch steel support structure is quickly erected at the corresponding position of the excavated or excavated tunnel to a specified shape using the adjustable spacing between the quick-connect adjustment components. Then, the rock mass at the top of the excavated or excavated tunnel to a specified shape is supported and stabilized by the gate arch steel support structure, which is connected as a whole. Thus, because the rapid support system of this application can quickly connect the gate arch steel support structure, which provides support and protection, into a whole according to the required spacing and overall length within the excavated tunnel using quick-connect adjustment components, it provides immediate and rapid support to the excavated tunnel, forming a protective structure. This achieves the goal of rapid deployment and effectively ensures the safety of tunnel construction. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the rapid support system for the construction of horizontal tunnels in easily collapsible and weak strata, according to this utility model.

[0016] The markings in the diagram are: 1. Arch section, 2. Lower straight section, 3. Connecting plate, 4. Small guide tube through hole, 5. Support pad, 6. Connecting sleeve, 7. Longitudinal connecting rod. Detailed Implementation

[0017] like Figure 1This invention provides a rapid support system for exploration tunnels in easily collapsible and weak strata, offering fast deployment and effective safety assurance during tunnel construction. The rapid support system includes a gate-arch steel support structure and quick-connect adjustment components. The gate-arch steel support structure is quickly erected at corresponding positions in the completed or excavated exploration tunnel of a specified shape via adjustable spacing between the quick-connect adjustment components. At least the roof rock mass of the completed or excavated exploration tunnel of a specified shape is supported and stabilized by the integrated gate-arch steel support structure. The technical solution provided in this application establishes a rapid support system comprising a gate-arch steel support structure and quick-connect adjustment components. The gate-arch steel support structure is rapidly erected at the corresponding location of the excavated or excavated tunnel to a specified shape using adjustable spacing between the quick-connect adjustment components. The rock mass at the top of the excavated or excavated tunnel to a specified shape is then supported and stabilized by the interconnected gate-arch steel support structure. Thus, because this rapid support system allows for the quick connection of the gate-arch steel support structure within the excavated tunnel using quick-connect adjustment components, the support and protection components are rapidly connected at the required spacing and overall length to provide immediate and rapid support for the excavated tunnel, forming a protective structure. This achieves the goal of rapid deployment and effectively ensures the safety of tunnel construction. In light of existing technology, and to minimize the design workload of new parts, the arch-shaped steel support structure of this application includes at least one curved arch section 1, two lower straight sections 2, and four connecting plates 3. A connecting plate 3 is arranged at the top of each lower straight section 2, and a connecting plate 3 is also arranged at both ends of the curved arch section 1. The two lower straight sections 2 and the curved arch section are detachably connected to each other by the four connecting plates 3 with connecting bolts to form an arch-shaped support structure. Quick-connection mechanisms are provided on the curved arch section 1 and each lower straight section 2. Adjacent arch-shaped support structures are connected as a whole by quick-connection adjustment components with adjustable spacing between them using quick-connection mechanisms.

[0018] Accordingly, as the main component improved in this application, in order to improve the convenience of rapid erection and ensure the support and protection effect of the rapid support system after erection, the quick-installation connection adjustment assembly of this application includes at least three sets of adjustable length connectors. At least one set of adjustable length connectors is arranged on each of the two lower straight sections 2 and one curved section 1 of the two adjacent sets of arch-shaped steel support structures. The spacing between the two adjacent sets of arch-shaped steel support structures is determined by adjusting each set of connectors according to requirements. In this preferred configuration, each set of connectors includes a connecting sleeve 6, two longitudinal connecting rods 7, and two sets of fasteners. The connecting sleeve 6 has internal threads with opposite directions of rotation at both ends. The connecting ends of the two longitudinal connecting rods 7 have external threads corresponding to the directions of their respective internal threads. The other ends of the two longitudinal connecting rods 7, each fixed to a different arch-shaped steel support structure at one end by a set of fasteners, are connected as a single unit with adjustable length using the connecting sleeve 6. The adjustable length of the connecting sleeve 6 is 100 mm - 500 mm. The spacing between two adjacent arch-shaped steel support structures connected by these connector sets includes at least four dimensions: 0.6 m, 0.8 m, 1.0 m, and 1.2 m. In actual connection, the spacing between two adjacent sets of connectors arranged circumferentially along the arch-shaped steel support structure is 300-800 mm. As described above, to ensure the support and protection effect of the rapid support system after its completion, the rapid support system described in this application further includes grouting pipes, steel mesh or wire mesh, and anchor bolts and / or anchor pipes. A pipe through-hole 4 is provided on the arch-shaped steel support structure near the working face. Each grouting pipe is horizontally inserted into the soft stratum in front of the working face through the pipe through-hole 4. The unexcavated soft stratum in front of the working face is consolidated and its stability enhanced by grouting fluid introduced through the grouting pipes. A support pad 5 is also provided at the bottom of each lower straight section 2. Steel mesh or wire mesh is pre-placed at the corresponding positions where the arch-shaped steel support structure has not yet been installed after excavation or when the exploratory tunnel of the specified shape has been excavated. Furthermore, at least two lower straight sections 2 of the arch-shaped steel support structure are connected to the surrounding rock at the corresponding positions as a whole by at least two vertically arranged anchor bolts and / or anchor pipes.

[0019] In light of the excavation of the horizontal tunnel, the cross-sectional dimensions of each group of gate-shaped steel support structures in this application are 2m×2m or 3m×3m, which are adapted to the exploratory horizontal tunnel to be excavated.

[0020] The technical solution of this application will be further described below through specific embodiments:

[0021] To address the challenges of timely support work in loose, easily collapsing, and weak strata, maintain surrounding rock stability, and ensure the safety of tunneling support operations, a rapid support construction method for easily collapsing and weak strata in exploration tunnels is provided.

[0022] The main idea of ​​this application is: modular design, standardized production, manual assembly, and rapid formation of a support system structure.

[0023] The technical solution adopted in this application is as follows: Each steel support frame is designed with uniform specifications and dimensions, and is designed according to the cross-section of the exploration tunnel, such as 2m×2m or 3m×3m, as a gate-shaped arch steel support. H-beams are used as the material. Each steel arch support frame consists of a lower straight section and a curved arch section connected by connecting plates 1. Two steel supports are connected by double-headed threaded longitudinal connecting rods. The length of the longitudinal connecting rods can be designed as a standard length of 0.3m, 0.4m, or 0.5m. When it is necessary to increase the spacing between two steel supports, connecting sleeves 3 can be used to combine two longitudinal connecting rods 4 to form different spacing distances such as 0.6m, 0.9m (0.8m, 1.2m, or 1.0m), meeting the spacing requirements of the support design during on-site steel support construction.

[0024] When small guide tube technology is required, add orifices on the arched section with a diameter matching that of the small guide tube.

[0025] All connections of the steel supports utilize a combination of bolts, washers, and nuts to expedite assembly, minimize the forming time of the steel supports, and ensure the stability of sections in easily collapsible, weak strata. This also reduces the need for specialized workers such as welders, eliminates on-site welding procedures, and minimizes the need for frequent switching between different work processes by multiple professionals, thus optimizing the construction process and simplifying on-site management.

[0026] To reduce rockfall in easily collapsible and weak strata sections and maintain rock stability, steel mesh or wire mesh and waterproofing materials can be added around the longitudinal connecting rod 4, and the construction can proceed according to normal support procedures.

[0027] Example 1

[0028] Steel support fabrication: During actual exploration operations, the standard spacing of steel support frames and the specifications of the arch frames are determined in advance based on geological data. The standard spacing of steel support frames determines the length of the standard longitudinal connecting rods, such as 0.3m (or 0.4m or 0.5m), to facilitate standardized production of steel support accessories. The specifications for the arch frames mainly determine the material type, height, and width. If small guide pipes are required, the diameter of the guide pipes must also be determined.

[0029] Steel support assembly, see attached diagram.

[0030] When using the bench excavation method, the process flow is as follows: excavate the upper bench → install and connect the two arch sections → fix the arch section with anchor bolts or anchor pipes → excavate the lower bench → install and connect the two lower straight sections → fix the lower straight section with anchor bolts or anchor pipes → after inspection and approval, start the next cycle of excavation and support operations. Specifically, the upper bench is excavated first, the installation working surface is cleaned, and then the arch section is installed. Longitudinal connecting rods and connecting sleeves are used to connect the arch section to the previous arch section, and then anchor bolts or anchor pipes are installed to tightly secure the arch section to the surrounding rock. After the top arch support is stable, the lower bench is excavated, the installation working surface is cleaned, and bolts are used to connect the lower straight section and the arch section into a whole through connecting plates. Then, longitudinal connecting rods and connecting sleeves are used to connect the two lower straight sections into a whole, and anchor bolts or anchor pipes are promptly installed to tightly secure the lower straight section to the surrounding rock.

[0031] When using the full-face excavation method, the process flow is as follows: face excavation → installation and connection of the two preceding and following straight sections → installation and connection of the two preceding and following curved sections → anchoring with bolts or anchor pipes to fix the steel support → after inspection and approval, start the next cycle of excavation and support work. Specifically, the process involves first excavating the entire face to the design position, cleaning the installation working face, then installing the straight sections, connecting the two preceding and following straight sections into a single unit using longitudinal connecting rods and connecting sleeves; next, installing the curved sections, connecting the curved sections to the previous curved section using longitudinal connecting rods and connecting sleeves. Finally, anchoring with bolts or anchor pipes tightly secures the entire steel support to the surrounding rock.

[0032] If the design requires the addition of steel mesh or wire mesh to the steel supports, the steel mesh or wire mesh should be laid on the surrounding rock and temporarily fixed in advance when connecting the longitudinal connecting rods. The temporary fixing measures of the steel mesh or wire mesh should be removed after the longitudinal connecting rods have completed the connection of the two steel supports.

[0033] When small-diameter tube support is required, the arched section is replaced with an arched section, which is simply an arched section with added perforation points for small-diameter tubes.

Claims

1. A rapid support system for tunnel construction in easily collapsible and weak strata exploration, characterized in that: The rapid support system includes a gate arch steel support structure and quick-installation connection adjustment components. The gate arch steel support structure is quickly installed at the corresponding position of the exploration tunnel after excavation or when it has been excavated to the specified shape, with the spacing between the quick-installation connection adjustment components being adjustable. At least the rock mass at the top of the exploration tunnel after excavation or when it has been excavated to the specified shape is supported and kept stable by the gate arch steel support structure connected as a whole.

2. The rapid support system for tunnel construction in easily collapsible and weak strata exploration as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The arch-shaped steel support structure of the city gate includes at least one curved arch section (1), two lower straight sections (2) and four connecting plates (3). A connecting plate (3) is arranged on the top of each lower straight section (2), and a connecting plate (3) is also arranged at both ends of the curved arch section (1). The two lower straight sections (2) and the curved arch section are detachably connected to each other by the four connecting plates (3) with the cooperation of connecting bolts to form an arch-shaped support structure of the city gate. A quick-installation connection mechanism is provided on the curved arch section (1) and each lower straight section (2). The adjacent arch-shaped support structures of the city gate are connected to each other as a whole by the quick-installation connection adjustment assembly with the cooperation of the quick-installation connection mechanism.

3. The rapid support system for tunnel construction in easily collapsible and weak strata exploration as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The rapid support system also includes grouting pipes. A pipe through hole (4) is provided on the arch-shaped steel support structure near the working face. Each grouting pipe is inserted horizontally in the soft stratum in front of the working face through the pipe through hole (4). The soft stratum in front of the working face that has not yet been excavated is solidified and its stability is enhanced by grouting liquid being introduced into the grouting pipes. A support pad (5) is also provided at the bottom of each straight section (2).

4. The rapid support system for tunnel construction in easily collapsible and weak strata exploration, as described in claim 1, 2, or 3, is characterized in that: The rapid support system also includes steel mesh or wire mesh, which is pre-placed at the corresponding positions where the excavation is completed or the exploration tunnel of the specified shape has not yet been equipped with the arch-shaped steel support structure.

5. The rapid support system for tunnel construction in easily collapsible and weak strata exploration as described in claim 2 or 3, characterized in that: The rapid support system also includes anchor bolts and / or anchor pipes, and at least the two lower straight sections (2) of the arch-shaped steel support structure are connected to the surrounding rock at the corresponding positions as a whole by at least two anchor bolts and / or anchor pipes arranged vertically.

6. The rapid support system for tunnel construction in easily collapsible and weak strata exploration as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The quick-installation connection adjustment assembly includes at least three sets of adjustable length connectors. At least one set of adjustable length connectors is arranged on each of the two lower straight sections (2) and one curved section (1) of the two adjacent sets of arch steel support structures. The spacing between the two adjacent sets of arch steel support structures is determined by adjusting each set of connectors according to requirements.

7. The rapid support system for tunnel construction in easily collapsible and weak strata exploration as described in claim 6, characterized in that: Each set of connectors includes a connecting sleeve (6), two longitudinal connecting rods (7) and two sets of fasteners. The two ends of the connecting sleeve (6) are respectively provided with internal threads with opposite directions of rotation. The connecting ends of the two longitudinal connecting rods (7) are respectively provided with external threads that are adapted to the corresponding internal thread direction of rotation. The other ends of the two longitudinal connecting rods (7) are fixed on different arch steel support structures by a set of fasteners and are connected as a whole with adjustable length in cooperation with the connecting sleeve (6).

8. The rapid support system for tunnel construction in easily collapsible and weak strata exploration as described in claim 7, characterized in that: The spacing between the two sets of connecting parts arranged circumferentially along the arch-shaped steel support structure of the city gate is 300-800mm.

9. The rapid support system for tunnel construction in easily collapsible and weak strata exploration as described in claim 8, characterized in that: The cross-sectional dimensions of each group of gate-shaped steel support structures are 2m×2m or 3m×3m, which are adapted to the exploratory tunnels that need to be excavated.

10. The rapid support system for tunnel construction in easily collapsible and weak strata exploration as described in claim 9, characterized in that: The adjustable length of the connecting sleeve (6) is 100 mm - 500 mm. The spacing between two adjacent arch steel support structures of the city gate connected by each set of connecting parts includes at least four sizes: 0.6 m, 0.8 m, 1.0 m and 1.2 m.

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