A morel mushroom cultivation shed
By using a combination of retractable shading layer and spray device in the morel cultivation shed, a synergistic internal and external cooling structure is formed, solving the problem of temperature control in high-temperature environments and achieving stable and high-quality morel cultivation.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- SUZHOU ACAD OF AGRI SCI (JIANGSU TAIHU REGIONAL AGRI SCI INST)
- Filing Date
- 2025-07-03
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-03
Smart Images
Figure CN224439888U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model belongs to the technical field of morel mushroom cultivation facilities, specifically relating to a morel mushroom cultivation shed. Background Technology
[0002] Morel mushrooms possess both high nutritional and economic value, making them highly sought after by growers and consumers, with a promising market prospect. Currently, morel mushroom cultivation mainly relies on greenhouse facilities, including small arched greenhouses (1-1.5 meters wide), medium-sized arched greenhouses (6 meters wide), and large arched greenhouses (wider than 6 meters). Among these, medium-sized arched greenhouses have become the preferred choice for producers due to their ease of operation and controllable costs; however, the difficulty in effectively controlling the temperature inside the greenhouse is a significant issue during hot weather.
[0003] As a low-temperature edible fungus, morel mushrooms are extremely sensitive to temperature during cultivation, especially in the later stages of growth. The optimal temperature is 18–22℃, and temperatures exceeding 25℃ for extended periods can have serious consequences: Firstly, high temperatures can hinder the development of primordia into fruiting bodies, scorch growing fruiting bodies, and cause premature aging, rotting, deformity, lodging, or even death of the fruiting bodies. Secondly, high temperatures significantly increase the risk of infection in the nutrient bags, increasing the probability of contamination by fungi such as Penicillium and Neurospora, which in turn severely affects the yield and quality of morel mushrooms.
[0004] In recent years, with the intensification of the greenhouse effect, the frequency of morel mushroom production encountering temperatures above 25°C in the later stages has been increasing. To address this issue, production mainly adopts measures such as replacing the black and white film (instead of transparent film), installing buffer shade nets 40-60 cm above the greenhouse, and early sowing. However, while covering with black and white film can lower the temperature, its low light transmittance inhibits the growth of morel mushroom fruiting bodies; while adding buffer shade nets has a good cooling effect, it has drawbacks such as high cost, difficulty in implementation, and susceptibility to strong winds; early sowing, although reducing the risk of high temperatures in the later stages of growth, makes the mycelium more susceptible to high temperatures during its growth period (mycelial vitality decreases significantly when the soil temperature exceeds 20°C), leading to a reduction in yield later. Therefore, how to efficiently and cost-effectively address the high-temperature stress during the growth process of morel mushrooms remains a key issue that urgently needs to be addressed to ensure stable yield and improved quality. Utility Model Content
[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, this utility model provides a morel mushroom cultivation shed.
[0006] The purpose of this invention is to effectively address the high-temperature stress during the growth of morel mushrooms in a high-efficiency and low-cost manner, thereby ensuring stable production and high quality of morel mushrooms.
[0007] The morel mushroom cultivation shed provided by this utility model includes a frame, which has a plurality of arched support rods spaced apart along the length of the cultivation shed, and a plurality of crossbeams rigidly connecting the arched support rods together; a covering layer is laid on the top of the frame, which includes a light-transmitting waterproof layer and a rollable first shading layer covering the waterproof layer; a spraying device is provided at the top of the frame and above the covering layer, which can spray water onto the covering layer to moisten the first shading layer; a second shading layer that can be horizontally expanded and retracted is also provided inside the frame and above the ground.
[0008] As a further optimization of the morel mushroom cultivation shed, the spraying device includes a spray pipe or spray belt laid along the length of the cultivation shed at the highest point of the shed roof, with spray holes spaced apart on both sides along the length, and the diameter of the spray holes is 0.2 to 0.4 mm.
[0009] As a further optimization of the morel mushroom cultivation shed, the first shading layer is a dark-colored shading net with 1.5 to 6 needles, which covers the waterproof layer and can be rolled up along the width of the cultivation shed.
[0010] As a further optimization of the morel mushroom cultivation shed, several pull ropes are installed above the covering layer to press the covering layer tightly onto the frame; the pull ropes are located between adjacent arched support rods and extend to the ground on both sides along the width of the cultivation shed.
[0011] As a further optimization of the morel cultivation shed, fixed ropes with a taut width are provided at both ends of the frame above the ground; several through holes are provided at both ends of the second shading layer along the width direction, and the fixed ropes pass through the through holes to suspend the second shading layer in the air.
[0012] As a further optimization of the morel cultivation shed, when the second shading layer is fully extended along the fixing rope, the projection of the second shading layer completely covers the surface of the morel cultivation bed; when the second shading layer is fully retracted along the fixing rope, the projected area of the second shading layer does not exceed 10% of the surface area of the morel cultivation bed.
[0013] As a further optimization of the morel cultivation shed, the second shading layer is 0.5-2.0m above the surface of the morel beds.
[0014] As a further optimization of the morel cultivation shed, the second shading layer is 1.5-2.0m above the surface of the morel bed.
[0015] As a further optimization of the morel mushroom cultivation shed, the two ends of the frame are equipped with closable partitions, and the partitions have openable doorways for personnel to enter and exit.
[0016] As a further optimization of the morel mushroom cultivation shed, the bottom of the arched support rod is equipped with embedded parts or ground anchors that are fixedly connected to the ground.
[0017] Beneficial effects
[0018] This utility model provides a morel mushroom cultivation shed that utilizes a combination of a retractable first shading layer and a sprinkler system on the outside, and a second shading layer inside that can be horizontally expanded and retracted, forming a synergistic high-temperature resistance structure. The combination of the first shading layer and the sprinkler system reduces heat transfer from outside through shading and water evaporation, while the second shading layer inside directly blocks the sinking of hot air. This dual effect significantly reduces the maximum temperature inside the shed during high-temperature periods, effectively controlling the temperature within the suitable range for morel mushroom growth. It avoids problems such as scorching of morel mushroom fruiting bodies, premature aging, and contamination of nutrient bags caused by high temperatures, creating a suitable temperature environment for morel mushroom growth and thus improving yield and quality. Furthermore, the cultivation shed structure is easy to build, and the materials are economical and readily available. While achieving efficient high-temperature resistance, it reduces facility costs, facilitating its widespread agricultural application. Attached Figure Description
[0019] Figure 1 and Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a morel mushroom cultivation shed.
[0020] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A magnified view of a portion of region A in the middle.
[0021] Figure 4 for Figure 2 A magnified view of a portion of region B in the middle.
[0022] Figure 5 This is a magnified view of a section of the top of the morel mushroom cultivation shed.
[0023] In the diagram, 1 is the frame; 2 is the covering layer; 3 is the sprinkler system; 5 is the pull rope; 11 is the arched support rod; 12 is the crossbeam; 21 is the waterproof layer; 22 is the first sunshade layer; 31 is the spray hole; 41 is the second sunshade layer; and 42 is the fixing rope. Detailed Implementation
[0024] The present invention is further illustrated by the following embodiments, which are intended to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and should not be construed as a limitation.
[0025] This utility model provides a cultivation shed for morel mushrooms, which has an overall long arched structure, with a covered top and partitions at both ends for closure, forming a relatively enclosed space for cultivating morel mushrooms. For easy access, openable doorways are provided at both ends of the partitions.
[0026] like Figures 1 to 5As shown, the morel mushroom cultivation shed includes a frame 1, which has several arched support rods 11 spaced apart along the length of the cultivation shed, and several crossbeams 12 rigidly connecting the arched support rods 11 together; a covering layer 2 is laid on the top of the frame 1, which includes a light-transmitting waterproof layer 21 and a rollable first shading layer 22 covering the waterproof layer 21; a spraying device 3 is provided on the top of the frame 1 and above the covering layer 2, which can spray water onto the covering layer 2 to moisten the first shading layer 22; a second shading layer 41 that can be horizontally unfolded and retracted is also provided inside the frame 1 and above the ground.
[0027] The aforementioned morel mushroom cultivation shed utilizes a combination of a retractable first shading layer 22 and a sprinkler system 3 on the outside, and a second shading layer 41 that can be horizontally expanded / retracted inside, forming a synergistic high-temperature resistance structure. The combination of the first shading layer 22 and the sprinkler system 3 reduces heat transfer from outside through shading and water evaporation, while the second shading layer 41 directly blocks the sinking of hot air. This dual action effectively controls the temperature inside the shed, preventing morel fruiting bodies from being scorched, prematurely aging, and contaminating nutrient bags due to temperatures exceeding 25°C. The retractable first shading layer 22 and the adjustable second shading layer 41 can be flexibly adjusted according to temperature, providing shade and cooling during high temperatures and retracting to ensure diffused light when temperatures drop, creating a suitable environment for morel growth and thus improving yield and quality. Furthermore, the entire cultivation shed has a simple structure and can be built using conventional agricultural materials, achieving high-efficiency high-temperature resistance while reducing facility costs, making it easy to promote and apply.
[0028] In some preferred embodiments, the spraying device 3 includes a spray pipe or spray strip laid along the length of the cultivation shed at the highest point of the shed roof, with spray holes 31 spaced apart on both sides along the length, the diameter of the spray holes 31 being 0.2–0.4 mm. Through the uniform and fine spraying of water, the first shading layer 22 is kept evenly moist, and the water evaporation efficiently removes heat from outside the shed, improving the cooling effect. Furthermore, the flow rate of the spraying water can be adjusted according to the temperature control needs, thereby adjusting the cooling effect.
[0029] In some preferred embodiments, the first shading layer 22 is a dark-colored shading net with 1.5 to 6 needles, such as a four-needle black shading net. The first shading layer 22 covers the waterproof layer 21 and can be rolled up along the width of the cultivation shed, thereby adjusting the coverage area of the first shading layer 22 as needed.
[0030] In some preferred embodiments, several pull ropes 5 are also provided above the covering layer 2 to press the covering layer 2 firmly onto the frame 1; the pull ropes 5 are located between adjacent arched support rods 11 and extend to the ground on both sides along the width of the cultivation shed. The pull ropes 5 extending to the ground on both sides and pressing the covering layer 2 firmly enhance the wind resistance of the shed roof structure, prevent the first shading layer 22 and the waterproof layer 21 from shifting in severe weather, and ensure the long-term stable operation of the cooling system. This pull rope 5 structure also allows the first shading layer 22 and the waterproof layer 21 to be rolled up or partially rolled up along the width of the cultivation shed, so as to flexibly adjust the shading area and ventilation area.
[0031] In some preferred embodiments, fixing ropes 42, stretched in the width direction, are provided at both ends of the frame 1 above the ground; the second shading layer 41 has several through holes arranged in the width direction at both ends, through which the fixing ropes 42 pass to suspend the second shading layer 41. The fixing ropes 42 cooperate with the through holes of the second shading layer 41 to suspend it, which facilitates quick deployment or retraction, and enables flexible control by immediately blocking the heat from the roof during high temperatures and allowing the surface to be appropriately exposed to diffused light during non-high-temperature periods.
[0032] In some preferred embodiments, when the second shading layer 41 is fully extended along the fixing rope 42, its projection completely covers the morel mushroom bed surface, ensuring effective heat insulation across the entire bed surface during high temperatures. When the second shading layer 41 is fully retracted along the fixing rope 42, its projected area does not exceed 10% of the morel mushroom bed surface area. This allows for convenient and significant adjustment of the shading area of the second shading layer 41 according to different temperature and light conditions.
[0033] In some preferred embodiments, the second shading layer 41 is 0.5-2m above the morel mushroom bed surface, a distance that effectively blocks heat from the roof from settling onto the bed surface. More preferably, the second shading layer 41 is 1.5-2m above the morel mushroom bed surface, thus providing sufficient operating height for manual management during morel mushroom cultivation.
[0034] Example 1
[0035] The experiment was conducted at a farm in Meili Town, Changshu City, Suzhou. Morel mushrooms were sown on November 15, 2024. The weather forecast for that day showed that the temperature would exceed 25°C on February 27, February 28 and March 1.
[0036] The experiment began on February 26th. In the constructed morel mushroom cultivation shed, the first shading layer 22 was a four-needle black shading net, and the second shading layer 41 was a black plastic film. The spray device 3 had 2mm nozzles 31, spraying water from the center outwards. On February 27th, February 28th, and March 1st at 7:00 AM, the second shading layer 41 inside the shed was fully extended, all ventilation parts were closed, and then the spray device 3 was turned on, spraying for 5 minutes before being turned off. Then, the waterproof layer 21 on both sides of the cultivation shed and parts of the first shading layer 22 were rolled up to form ventilation openings. Starting on March 2nd, the second shading layer 41 inside the shed was retracted.
[0037] Comparative Example 1
[0038] The experiment was conducted at a farm in Meili Town, Changshu City, Suzhou. Morel mushrooms were sown on November 15, 2024. The weather forecast for that day showed that the temperature would exceed 25°C on February 27, February 28 and March 1.
[0039] The only difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 is that the second shading layer 41 inside the shed was not unfolded and the sprinkler system was not turned on.
[0040] During the high-temperature period from February 27 to March 1, 2024, the temperature changes were recorded at regular intervals from 8:00 to 18:00 using a thermometer inside the greenhouse, and the average of the highest values of the day was taken as the highest temperature inside the greenhouse during the high-temperature period. After the high-temperature period ended, 10 nutrient bags from each treatment group were randomly selected to count the proportion of bacteria infected with miscellaneous bacteria to determine the contamination rate of the nutrient bags. When the morel mushrooms were harvested, the yield per mu was converted by harvesting the entire field of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1. The proportion of mushrooms in each grade was calculated based on the standard that the fruiting bodies were free of deformities, scorching, and lodging. The results are shown in Table 1.
[0041] Table 1. Results of the experimental and control groups
[0042]
[0043] As shown in Table 1, Example 1, through the coordinated structure of the first shading layer 22 outside the shed and the sprinkler device 3, and the second shading layer 41 inside the shed, effectively controlled the highest temperature inside the shed during the high-temperature period to 25.1℃, a significant reduction of 3.6℃ compared to 28.7℃ in Comparative Example 1. This effectively prevented the morel mushrooms from encountering high-temperature stress exceeding 25℃ during the critical growth period. Through temperature control, the contamination rate of the nutrient bags decreased from 90.5% to 82.3%. This is because miscellaneous bacteria such as *Neurospora* grow rapidly in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment; therefore, the temperature control measures in Example 1 can effectively reduce the risk of miscellaneous bacterial contamination.
[0044] In terms of yield, Example 1 yielded 601.4 kg per mu, an increase of 85.3% compared to 324.5 kg in Comparative Example 1. The proportion of graded mushrooms increased from 72.8% to 95.3%, indicating that the system, through dual cooling measures, not only ensured the normal development of fruiting bodies (avoiding scorching, deformity, and lodging) but also reduced premature aging and rotting caused by high temperatures, significantly improving the yield and commercial quality of morel mushrooms.
[0045] The above embodiments are exemplary and are intended to illustrate the technical concept and features of this utility model, so that those skilled in the art can understand the content of this utility model and implement it accordingly. They should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this utility model. All equivalent changes or modifications made in accordance with the spirit and essence of this utility model should be included within the scope of protection of this utility model.
Claims
1. A Morel cultivation shed, characterized by: The system includes a frame (1), which has a plurality of arched support rods (11) spaced apart along the length of the cultivation shed, and a plurality of crossbeams (12) that rigidly connect the arched support rods (11) together; a covering layer (2) is laid on the top of the frame (1), which includes a light-transmitting waterproof layer (21) and a rollable first shading layer (22) covering the waterproof layer (21); a spraying device (3) is provided on the top of the frame (1) and above the covering layer (2), which can spray water onto the covering layer (2) to wet the first shading layer (22); a second shading layer (41) that can be horizontally unfolded and retracted is also provided inside the frame (1) and above the ground.
2. The morel cultivation shed of claim 1, wherein: The spraying device (3) includes a spray pipe or spray belt laid along the length of the cultivation shed at the highest point of the shed roof, with spray holes (31) spaced apart on both sides along the length direction. The diameter of the spray holes (31) is 0.2~0.4mm.
3. The Morel cultivation shed of claim 2, wherein: The first shading layer (22) is a dark shade net with 1.5 to 6 needles, which covers the waterproof layer (21) and can be rolled up along the width of the cultivation shed.
4. The morel cultivation shed of claim 1, wherein: Several pull ropes (5) are also provided above the covering layer (2) to press the covering layer (2) onto the frame (1); the pull ropes (5) are located between adjacent arched support rods (11) and extend to the ground on both sides along the width of the cultivation shed.
5. The morel cultivation shed of claim 1, wherein: At both ends of the frame (1) above the ground, there are fixed ropes (42) that are stretched in the width direction; at both ends of the second sunshade layer (41), there are several through holes arranged in the width direction, and the fixed ropes (42) pass through the through holes to suspend the second sunshade layer (41).
6. The Morel cultivation shed of claim 5, wherein: When the second shading layer (41) is fully extended along the fixing rope (42), the projection of the second shading layer (41) completely covers the morel mushroom bed surface; when the second shading layer (41) is fully retracted along the fixing rope (42), the projected area of the second shading layer (41) does not exceed 10% of the area of the morel mushroom bed surface.
7. The morel cultivation shed of claim 1, wherein: The second shading layer (41) is 0.5-2.0m above the surface of the morel mushroom bed.
8. The morel cultivation shed of claim 1, wherein: The second shading layer (41) is 1.5-2.0m above the surface of the morel mushroom bed.
9. The morel cultivation shed of claim 1, wherein: The frame (1) has closable partitions at both ends, and the partitions have openable doorways for people to enter and exit.
10. The morel cultivation shed of claim 1, wherein: The bottom of the arched support rod (11) is provided with a pre-embedded part or ground anchor that is fixedly connected to the ground.