A three-dimensional circulating plant cultivation structure and its light distribution system

Abstract

This invention relates to a three-dimensional circulating plant cultivation structure and its light-uniformation system, comprising a sliding track, a main box, a sprocket and chain transmission mechanism, and a multi-layered combined frame. A reversible motor drives a movable tray structure to achieve vertical circulation and horizontal displacement of the seedling trays. Combined with seedling trays with built-in LED beads and a concealed sprinkler system, a three-dimensional cultivation space is formed. The light-uniformation system uses PWM dimming technology to dynamically adjust the spectral ratio. Based on feedback data from temperature and illuminance sensors, it activates the sprinkler system to cool the plant when the temperature exceeds 28℃ and automatically dims the supplemental lighting intensity when the temperature exceeds 35℃. Simultaneously, it achieves light intensity gradient compensation through the coordinated supplemental lighting of the upper illumination panel and the lower LEDs. The system integrates a seedling information management module, supporting precise water, fertilizer, and pesticide supply and cloud-based tracking of growth data. It improves space utilization and reduces energy consumption, achieving full automation from seedling loading and environmental control to data management, making it suitable for intensive factory seedling production.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of seedling cultivation technology, and in particular to a three-dimensional circulating plant cultivation structure and its light-uniforming system. Background Technology

[0002] To accelerate the production efficiency and commercial supply rate of high-quality rice and vegetable seedlings, my country has vigorously developed factory-style centralized seedling raising technology in recent years, promoting the continuous improvement of mechanized seedling raising levels. Factory-style seedling raising typically uses three-dimensional circulating seedbeds to maximize land utilization and seedling raising capacity. Current seedling raising technology is relatively mature; for example, techniques such as soaking time, sowing amount, specific temperature seedling induction time, and ventilation hardening time are all procedural. Most current seedling raising houses are located in greenhouses, and three-dimensional seedling raising mostly uses multi-layer mechanical frames to place multiple layers of seedling trays to save space. Under intensive and large-scale conditions, how to more accurately control various variables in the plant cultivation process to highlight the impact of the variables to be studied on plant growth characteristics is also a widely concerned issue. When studying crops that mainly rely on sunlight as a light source, crops in different areas and at different heights will interact, resulting in different degrees of sunlight absorption, which may prevent the experimental research from obtaining accurate and ideal results.

[0003] Patent No. CN202610259319.9 discloses a supplementary lighting device for a smart factory for vertical rice seedling raising. It consists of a support frame and a supplementary lighting component mounted on the frame. A dimming component is signal-connected to the supplementary lighting component to control its light intensity. A drive device is connected to the support frame to rotate and change the light radiation range of the supplementary lighting component. A monitoring component acquires images of light intensity and seedlings. A controller is signal-connected to the dimming component, monitoring component, and drive device. The controller drives the drive device according to a preset time sequence. The controller synchronously receives images of light intensity and seedlings from the monitoring component and determines the seedling growth stage based on the images. It records the seedling growth stage and light intensity data according to the time sequence and compares them with preset parameters to determine the supplementary lighting difference. Based on the supplementary lighting difference, it issues a supplementary lighting control command to the dimming component. However, this patent has the following problems: firstly, it has significant limitations and cannot be used in automated warehouses; secondly, the light uniformity effect is poor. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to address the shortcomings of existing technologies by setting a switch contact block on the seedling tray to enable the LED beads to operate normally. The heat generated by the LED beads can control the temperature of the upper tray, and the sprinkler head can spray water to manage and control the temperature and humidity. It can also spray medicines and fertilizers. The brightness adjustment of the LED beads can ensure that the seedlings receive different light intensities at different stages, achieving a uniform light effect. This solves the technical problems of poor uniformity of light and ineffective temperature control in existing three-dimensional warehouses.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] A three-dimensional circulating plant cultivation structure includes a sliding track, a baffle fixedly connected to the upper right side of the sliding track, a circular block fixedly connected to the left side of the baffle, and a main body box slidably connected to the upper end of the sliding track. Upper and lower sliding columns are fixedly connected to the lower end of the main body box, a stabilizing block is fixedly connected to the rear side of the upper end of each sliding column, and an upper beam rod is slidably connected to the other end of the stabilizing block. Sprockets are provided on the left side of both the upper and lower ends of the sliding columns, and both sprockets are meshed with chains. The same chain fixing columns are connected to both ends of the chains, and movable tray structures are fixedly connected to each chain fixing column.

[0007] The upper beam is fixedly connected to the rear side of the combined frame. The lower end of the combined frame is fixedly connected to the working ground. The combined frame includes columns. The rear end of the columns is evenly fixedly connected to horizontal bars. The columns are evenly fixedly connected to the tray slide bars. X-shaped stabilizing plates are evenly fixedly connected to the columns in parallel. The columns and horizontal bars are all provided with cavities inside.

[0008] As a preferred embodiment, a forward and reverse motor is provided on the left side inside the main body box, and an output shaft is provided on the right side of the forward and reverse motor. A rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the right side of the output shaft, and a bearing is connected to a bearing seat on the outer side of the rotating shaft. The lower end of the bearing seat is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the main body box, and the lower sprocket is fixedly connected to the right side of the rotating shaft. The rotating shaft passes through and is fixedly connected to the sprocket, and the rotating shaft is movably connected to the upper and lower sliding columns.

[0009] As a preferred embodiment, the movable tray structure includes a tray frame, a square frame fixedly connected to the right side of the tray frame, upper and lower sliding columns enclosed inside the square frame, and triangular platforms fixedly connected to the front and rear ends and upper and lower sides of the square frame. Each triangular platform is fixedly connected to a sturdy block, which is bearing-connected to a cylinder. A limiting roller is fixedly connected to one side of the cylinder, and the limiting roller is slidably connected to an upper and lower sliding groove. The upper and lower sliding grooves are fixedly connected to the upper and lower sliding columns. A second triangular platform is fixedly connected to the upper left side of the square frame, and a chain fixing column is fixedly connected to the center of the second triangular platform. The lower end of the chain fixing column is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the square frame. A seedling tray is placed at the center of the square frame.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment, the seedling tray includes an upper placement tray, with roller assemblies on the lower left and right sides of the upper placement tray. The roller assemblies consist of rollers evenly distributed front to back. A roller shaft is located at the center of each roller, with the other end of the roller shaft protruding outside the lower wrapping block. The upper placement tray is fixedly connected to the upper side of the lower wrapping block, and a square hole is formed at the center of the lower side of the lower wrapping block. Seven-type clips are symmetrically arranged through the square hole on both sides. The upper side of each seven-type clip is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the lower wrapping block, and a rotating shaft is connected to one side of each clip. A toothed wheel is fixedly connected to the center of the rotating shaft. Both ends of the toothed wheel are meshed with toothed blocks. The upper side of the upper toothed block is fixedly connected to the lower sidewall of the upper placement tray, and the lower side of the lower toothed block is fixedly connected to... On the inner wall of the pallet rack, a second toothed groove is provided on one side of the square hole. The upper end of the second toothed groove is fixedly connected to the lower end wrapping block, and the left side of the second toothed groove is engaged with a second toothed wheel. A rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the center of the second toothed wheel, and a belt pulley is fixedly connected to the lower end of the rotating shaft. The belt pulley has grooves evenly distributed on its surface, and a closed belt is adapted to be connected to the outer side of the belt pulley. A protrusion is provided on the inner side of the closed belt, and the protrusion is adapted to be connected to the groove. A drive pulley is adapted to be connected to the other side of the closed belt. A drive rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the center of the drive pulley. An output shaft is fixedly connected to the upper end of the drive rotating shaft. The output shaft is connected to a drive motor, and a bearing block is connected to the output shaft bearing. The bearing block is fixedly connected to a U-shaped base, and the lower end of the U-shaped base is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the pallet rack.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment, the seedling tray is uniformly provided with LED beads on the lower side. The LED beads are embedded and electrically connected to switch contact blocks. The switch contact blocks are located on both sides of the rear end of the lower wrapping block and are protruding blocks with connecting contact points at the protruding positions. The length and width of the upper placement tray are both greater than the lower wrapping block, and the height of the protrusion of the switch contact block is less than the distance by which the upper placement tray protrudes from the lower wrapping block.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment, the columns are evenly distributed with spray heads on their upper ends close to each other. The rear ends of the spray heads are connected to pipes, which are hidden inside the columns. The upper ends of the crossbars are fixedly connected to limit blocks. The front left and right sides of the limit blocks are provided with contact connection grooves, which are adapted to connect switch contact blocks. An indicator light is provided at the center of the rear end of the limit blocks. The tray slide rods are provided with inclined plates on the side close to the columns.

[0013] A light-uniform system for a three-dimensional circulating plant cultivation structure includes step S1: the seedling tray enters the combined frame body, the contact connection groove contacts the switch contact block to conduct electricity, and the indicator light lights up to show that the seedling tray is in place.

[0014] Step S2: Connect the peripheral touch-screen integrated industrial control computer to the LED beads to control the on / off state;

[0015] Step S3: Connect the touch-screen integrated industrial control computer to the temperature sensor. The temperature sensor is located on the lower side of the upper placement tray of the seedling tray. When the temperature of the upper placement tray rises, the spray module is activated.

[0016] Step S4: The spraying module includes a spray head, pipelines and a solenoid valve. The pipelines include three branches: water, fertilizer and pesticide. The pipelines are connected in parallel with the solenoid valve. The touch screen integrated industrial control computer is electrically connected to the solenoid valve. The spray head is connected to a pressure pump. The pressure pump is electrically connected to the touch screen integrated industrial control computer.

[0017] Step S5: The illuminance sensor is installed on the second toothed groove at the bottom of the seedling tray to collect illuminance data and upload it to the touch screen industrial control computer;

[0018] Step S6: Connect the touch-screen integrated industrial control electromechanical system to the seedling information management module. The seedling information management module consists of a reader antenna, a reader, an actuator, and communication facilities. It integrates information on the management of seedlings on the seedling tray, making it convenient for workers to view in real time.

[0019] As a preferred embodiment, the LED beads in step S2 are adjustable brightness LEDs, which are adjusted using a pulse width modulation (PWM) dimming module, and the PWM dimming module is electrically connected to a contact control integrated industrial control computer.

[0020] As a preferred embodiment, in step S3, the spray module starts working when the temperature sensor detects a temperature higher than 28°C, and in step S2, when the temperature sensor detects a temperature higher than 35°C, the LED beads are dimmed and turned off.

[0021] As another preferred embodiment, in step S5, a light-illuminating plate is provided on the upper side of the seedlings on the uppermost seedling tray. The light-illuminating plate is fixedly connected to the uppermost part of the combined frame and is equipped with the same illuminance sensor and LED beads electrically connected to the integrated industrial control computer.

[0022] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0023] (1) In this invention, by setting up a sliding ground rail and a chain drive system, the vertical circulation movement of the seedling tray is realized. The lower end of the main box is fixedly connected to an electric slider. The electric slider is slidably connected to the sliding ground rail. When the electric slider works, it will drive the seedling tray to move left and right. Combined with the multi-layer design of the combined frame, the traditional flat cultivation is transformed into three-dimensional planting, thereby increasing the productivity per unit area. The forward and reverse motor drives the tray to automatically move up and down, reducing manual handling. It is especially suitable for intensive seedling cultivation scenarios, such as vegetable factories or seedling bases.

[0024] (2) In this invention, by setting up an integrated LED light equalization system, a spray module and a temperature sensor, dynamic adjustment is achieved through a touch-screen integrated industrial control computer. When the temperature exceeds 28°C, the spray cooling is automatically applied, and when it exceeds 35°C, the LED lights are dimmed to avoid high temperature stress. The PWM dimming module can customize the spectral ratio, with red and blue light at a ratio of 6:1. Combined with the feedback from the illuminance sensor, it ensures the optimal light environment for each growth stage of the plant, significantly improving the uniformity and survival rate of the seedlings.

[0025] (3) In this invention, by setting up a seedling information management module, the seedling tray data, variety, and growth parameters are recorded by RFID. Workers can view environmental data and operation logs in real time. The sprinkler system supports precise control of water, fertilizer, and pesticides separately. With the help of solenoid valves and pressure pumps, resource waste is reduced. The data can be uploaded to the cloud for analysis, providing a basis for subsequent planting optimization. It meets the needs of modern agricultural standardization and traceability. RFID is radio frequency identification technology, a wireless communication technology that automatically identifies target objects and obtains data through radio waves. Its core consists of electronic tags, readers, and back-end systems. Information interaction can be completed without physical contact or visual scanning.

[0026] In summary, this structure and system have the advantages of adapting to three-dimensional planting, saving space, ensuring optimal light environment at all stages of plant growth, high seedling survival rate, and high degree of intelligence, making it particularly suitable for the field of seedling cultivation technology. Attached Figure Description

[0027] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the pallet slide bar in this invention.

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the No. 2 toothed groove strip in this invention.

[0031] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the triangular platform in this invention.

[0032] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the type 7 clip in this invention.

[0033] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the switch contact block in this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, the present invention provides a three-dimensional circulating plant cultivation structure, including a sliding ground rail 1, a baffle 11 fixedly connected to the upper right side of the sliding ground rail 1, a circular block 12 fixedly connected to the left side of the baffle 11, and a main body box 2 slidably connected to the upper end of the sliding ground rail 1. The lower end of the main body box 2 is fixedly connected to upper and lower sliding columns 3, a stabilizing block 31 is fixedly connected to the rear side of the upper end of the sliding column 3, and an upper beam rod 32 is slidably connected to the other end of the stabilizing block 31. Both the upper and lower left sides of the sliding column 3 are provided with sprockets 33, and both the upper and lower sprockets 33 are meshed with chains 34. Both ends of the chains 34 are connected to the same chain fixing columns 4, and each chain fixing column 4 is fixedly connected to a movable tray structure 5.

[0037] The upper beam 32 is fixedly connected to the rear side of the combined frame 6. The lower end of the combined frame 6 is fixedly connected to the working ground. The combined frame 6 includes columns 61. The rear end of the columns 61 is evenly fixedly connected to crossbars 62. The front and rear columns 61 are evenly fixedly connected to tray slide bars 7. The front and rear columns 61 are evenly fixedly connected to X-shaped stabilizing plates 63. The columns 61 and crossbars 62 are both provided with cavities.

[0038] The sliding ground rail 1 serves as the basic track. The sliding range of the main body box 2 is limited by the baffle 11 and the circular stop 12 to ensure operational stability. The structure is simple and the guidance is precise. It is suitable for high-load cyclic motion. The main body box 2 moves horizontally along the sliding ground rail 1. The baffle 11 and the stop 12 prevent derailment and limit the movement.

[0039] The main body box 2 has fixed upper and lower sliding columns 3 inside, which drive the movable tray structure 5 to rise and fall through the sprocket 33 and chain 34. The lower end of the main body box 2 is fixedly connected to an electric slider, which is slidably connected to the sliding ground rail 1 to adjust the left and right position of the seedling tray 8. The motor drives the sprocket 33 to rotate, which drives the chain 34 and the fixed column 4, so that the movable tray structure 5 moves up and down along the sliding column 3 to adapt to the three-dimensional circulating seedling raising frame.

[0040] The pallet frame 51, square frame 52 and limiting roller 55 are connected by a slide groove 56 to ensure vertical movement accuracy. The triangular platform 53 and the sturdy block 54 enhance structural rigidity and reduce swaying. The chain 34 pulls the fixed column 4, which drives the pallet frame 51 to rise and fall along the upper and lower sliding column 3. The limiting roller 55 rolls and guides within the slide groove 56.

[0041] The frame is composed of uprights 61, crossbars 62 and X-shaped stabilizers 63. The internal cavity hides the pipelines, the structure is stable and the space utilization is high, making it suitable for multi-layer cultivation. The seedling tray 8 moves horizontally along the slide bar 7, and the X-shaped stabilizers 63 resist lateral forces to ensure overall stability.

[0042] The tray fine-tuning and lighting control are achieved through the toothed wheel 86, belt pulley 9, and LED beads 95, which has a high degree of automation and can adjust the light and temperature environment. The drive motor 93 drives the roller group 82 through the belt pulley 9, the toothed wheel 86 adjusts the horizontal position of the tray, and the LED beads 95 provide uniform lighting. The three-dimensional circulating cultivation structure combines mechanical transmission and intelligent control to achieve efficient circulation of seedling trays and precise environmental control, and has the characteristics of stability, automation and space optimization.

[0043] Furthermore, a reversible motor 21 is provided on the left side inside the main body box 2, and an output shaft is provided on the right side of the reversible motor 21. A rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the right side of the output shaft, and a bearing seat 22 is connected to the outer side of the rotating shaft. The lower end of the bearing seat 22 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the main body box 2. The lower end of the rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the sprocket 33 on the right side. The rotating shaft passes through and is fixedly connected to the sprocket 33, and the rotating shaft is movably connected to the upper and lower sliding columns 3. The reversible motor 21 serves as the core power source, driving the rotating shaft to rotate bidirectionally through the output shaft, thereby realizing the lifting and lowering control of the chain 34. The speed and direction can be precisely adjusted to adapt to the tray circulation needs at different cultivation stages. The rotating shaft is fixed to the inner wall of the main body box 2 through the bearing seat 22 to ensure stable transmission. The sprocket 33 is fixed to the end of the rotating shaft and meshes with the chain 34 to realize power transmission. The stable lifting and lowering of the seedling tray is achieved by the motor driving the sprocket and chain mechanism, which has the characteristics of precise and controllable power, high mechanical efficiency, and strong durability.

[0044] Furthermore, the movable pallet structure 5 includes a pallet frame 51, a square frame 52 fixedly connected to the right side of the pallet frame 51, upper and lower sliding columns 3 wrapped inside the square frame 52, and triangular platforms 53 fixedly connected to the front and rear ends and upper and lower sides of the square frame 52. A sturdy block 54 is fixedly connected to each triangular platform 53, and the sturdy block 54 is bearing-connected to a cylinder. A limiting roller 55 is fixedly connected to one side of the cylinder, and the limiting roller 55 is slidably connected to an upper and lower sliding groove 56. The upper and lower sliding groove 56 is fixedly connected to the upper and lower sliding columns 3. A second triangular platform 57 is fixedly connected to the upper left side of the square frame 52, and a chain fixing column 4 is fixedly connected to the center of the second triangular platform 57. The lower end of the chain fixing column 4 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the square frame 52. A seedling pallet 8 is placed in the center of the square frame 52. The pallet frame 51 serves as the main load-bearing structure. Through the nested connection between the right square frame 52 and the upper and lower sliding columns 3, a vertical guiding function is achieved. The box-type frame structure provides strong overall rigidity and high space utilization.

[0045] The triangular platforms 53 set at the front and rear ends of the square frame 52 are connected to the cylinder with limiting rollers 55 by the sturdy blocks 54 to form a four-point positioning system. The roller guide can reduce frictional resistance and avoid jamming. The limiting rollers 55 roll in the upper and lower sliding grooves 56 to precisely constrain the movement trajectory of the square frame 52.

[0046] The upper chain fixing post 4 is reinforcedly connected to the square frame 52 through the second triangular platform 57, and the lower end is directly fixed to the inner wall of the frame. The double fixing point design disperses the chain tension and prevents stress concentration. The chain 34 pulls the square frame 52 through the fixing post 4. The second triangular platform 57 enhances the anti-torsion performance. The square frame 52 has a reserved standardized tray position in the center, forming a modular combination with the movable structure. The seedling tray 8 rises and falls synchronously with the square frame 52 to realize three-dimensional cyclic cultivation. Through the rigid frame, precision guidance and modular design, the stable lifting and precise positioning of the seedling carrier are realized, which has three core advantages: structural reliability, smooth movement and convenient operation.

[0047] Furthermore, the seedling tray 8 includes an upper placement tray 81, with roller assemblies 82 arranged on the lower left and right sides of the upper placement tray 81. The roller assemblies 82 consist of rollers 41 evenly distributed front and back, with a roller shaft 42 at the center of each roller 41. The other end of the roller shaft 42 protrudes outside the lower wrapping block 83. The upper placement tray 81 is fixedly connected to the upper side of the lower wrapping block 83, and a square hole 84 is opened at the center of the lower side of the lower wrapping block 83. Symmetrical lines penetrate through the square hole 84 on both the left and right sides. There are type 7 clamping pieces 85. The upper side of the type 7 clamping pieces 85 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the lower end wrapping block 83, and the type 7 clamping pieces 85 are close to each other and connected to a rotating shaft by a bearing on one side. The center position of the rotating shaft is fixedly connected to a toothed wheel 86. The upper and lower ends of the toothed wheel 86 are both meshed with toothed blocks 87. The upper side of the toothed block 87 is fixedly connected to the lower side wall of the upper placement plate 81, and the lower side of the toothed block 87 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the tray frame 51. A second toothed groove 88 is provided on one side of the square hole 84. The upper end of the second toothed strip 88 is fixedly connected to the lower end wrapping block 83, and the left side of the second toothed strip 88 is meshed with the second toothed wheel 89. The center of the second toothed wheel 89 is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft, and the lower end of the rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the belt pulley 9. The surface of the belt pulley 9 is evenly provided with grooves, and the outer side of the belt pulley 9 is adapted to connect to the closed belt 91. The inner side of the closed belt 91 is provided with protrusions, and the protrusions are adapted to connect to the grooves. The other side of the closed belt 91 is adapted to connect to the drive pulley 92. The center of the drive pulley 92 is fixedly connected to the drive rotating shaft, and the upper end of the drive rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the output shaft. The output shaft is connected to the drive motor 93, and the output shaft bearing is connected to the bearing block. The bearing block is fixedly connected to the U-shaped base, and the lower end of the U-shaped base is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the tray frame 51. The upper end placement tray 81 realizes the horizontal conveying function of the seedling tray through the rollers 41 evenly distributed on the left and right sides. The roller shaft 42 extends to the outer side of the lower end wrapping block 83 to form support. The synchronous transmission of multiple rollers ensures smooth conveying and reduces seedling vibration damage.

[0048] The type 7 clamp 85 is fixed to the inner wall of the lower end wrapping block 83. The rotating shaft connected by the bearing drives the toothed wheel 86 to mesh with the upper and lower toothed blocks 87. The double-sided meshing design enhances the structural stability and realizes the fine adjustment and positioning of the upper end placement plate 81. When the toothed wheel 86 rotates, it drives the upper and lower toothed blocks 87 to move relative to each other, thereby adjusting the horizontal position of the placement plate 81.

[0049] It consists of a second toothed bar 88, a second toothed pulley 89, a belt pulley 9, and a closed belt 91. It is connected to a drive motor 93 via a drive pulley 92. The belt design with grooves and protrusions prevents slippage and has high transmission efficiency. The drive motor 93 drives the drive pulley 92 to rotate through the output shaft, which drives the belt pulley 9 via the closed belt 91, and finally drives the second toothed bar 88 to move relative to the drive pulley 89 via the second toothed pulley 89.

[0050] Furthermore, LED beads 95 are evenly distributed on the lower side of the seedling tray 8. The LED beads 95 are embedded and electrically connected to switch contact blocks 96. The switch contact blocks 96 are located on both sides of the rear end of the lower wrapping block 83 and are protruding blocks with connecting contact points at the protruding positions. The length and width of the upper placement tray 81 are both greater than those of the lower wrapping block 83. The height of the protrusion of the switch contact blocks 96 is less than the distance by which the upper placement tray 81 protrudes from the lower wrapping block 83. The embedded design is evenly distributed on the lower side of the tray. The PWM dimming technology enables precise control of light intensity and spectrum, resulting in low energy consumption and high light efficiency. It can provide the best light environment for different growth stages. The ratio of red light to blue light promotes photosynthesis. When the tray enters the working position, the switch contact blocks 96 are powered on to activate the LED beads 95, and the touch control computer adjusts the light intensity and spectrum parameters.

[0051] The protruding blocks are designed on both sides of the lower wrapping block 83, and the contact height is lower than the protrusion of the placement tray 81. The anti-accidental contact structure ensures that the circuit is only turned on when the tray is fully in place. After the tray is in place, the upper placement tray 81 moves to make the contact block 96 make tight contact with the contact groove of the frame, forming a closed circuit to start the lighting. The upper placement tray 81 is larger than the lower wrapping block 83 to form a cantilever structure, which mechanically prevents misalignment during installation. At the same time, the cantilever part provides a pressing space for the contact block. The protrusion of the upper placement tray 81 covers the contact block 96 to form physical protection and prevent bumps and damage during transportation.

[0052] Furthermore, sprinkler heads 64 are evenly distributed on the upper part of the columns 61 close to each other. The rear end of each sprinkler head 64 is connected to a pipeline, which is hidden inside the column 61. The upper end of the crossbar 62 is fixedly connected to a limiting block 65. The front left and right sides of the limiting block 65 are provided with contact connection grooves, which are adapted to connect to switch contact blocks 96. An indicator light is provided at the center of the rear end of the limiting block 65. The tray slide bar 7 is provided with inclined plates 71 on the side close to the column 61. The sprinkler heads 64 are evenly distributed on the upper part of the inner side of the column 61 and are connected to the water, fertilizer and pesticide supply system through the built-in pipeline. When the seedling tray 8 reaches the designated position, the control system activates the sprinkler heads 64 in the corresponding area for directional irrigation.

[0053] The stop block 65 integrates a contact connection slot and an indicator light, forming an electrical connection with the tray switch contact block 96. It features an integrated design of mechanical limit and electrical triggering, and provides a visual indication of the tray's position via LED lights. When the tray is in place, the switch contact block 96 inserts into the connection slot 64, triggering the circuit and illuminating the indicator light. The tray slide bar 7, near the column 61, adopts a sloped transition design to automatically correct the tray's positional deviation and ensure precise contact alignment. When the tray moves, the inclined plate 71 guides it to return to its correct position, ensuring accurate alignment of the contact block 96 with the connection slot 64.

[0054] A light-uniform system for a three-dimensional circulating plant cultivation structure includes step S1: the seedling tray 8 enters the combined frame 6, the contact connection groove contacts the switch contact block 96 to conduct electricity, and the indicator light lights up to show that the seedling tray 8 is in place.

[0055] Step S2: Connect the peripheral touch-screen integrated industrial control computer to the LED lamp beads 95 to control their on / off state;

[0056] Step S3: Connect the touch-screen integrated industrial control computer to the temperature sensor. The temperature sensor is located on the lower side of the upper placement tray 81 of the seedling tray 8. When the temperature of the upper placement tray 81 rises, the spray module is activated.

[0057] Step S4: The spraying module includes a spray head 64, pipelines and a solenoid valve. The pipelines include three branches: water, fertilizer and pesticide. The pipelines are connected in parallel with the solenoid valve. The touch-screen integrated industrial control computer is electrically connected to the solenoid valve. The spray head 64 is connected to a pressure pump. The pressure pump is electrically connected to the touch-screen integrated industrial control computer.

[0058] Step S5: The illuminance sensor is installed on the second toothed groove 88 at the lower end of the seedling tray 8 to collect the illuminance and upload it to the touch screen integrated industrial control computer;

[0059] Step S6: Connect the touch-screen integrated industrial control electromechanical system to the seedling information management module. The seedling information management module consists of a reader antenna, a reader, an actuator, and communication facilities. It integrates information on the seedling management on the seedling tray 8, making it convenient for workers to view in real time.

[0060] Furthermore, in step S2, the LED bead 95 is an adjustable brightness LED, which is adjusted using a pulse width modulation (PWM) dimming module. The PWM dimming module is electrically connected to a contact control integrated industrial control computer and uses a multi-channel adjustable LED array. Stepless dimming is achieved by changing the current pulse width. The spectrum is customizable and can provide specific wavelength combinations such as 660nm red light and 450nm blue light for different crop growth cycles. The photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) can reach 800μmol / m²s. The industrial control computer sends a PWM signal to the drive circuit to quickly switch the LED on and off to achieve brightness adjustment. The frequency is 1kHz to avoid flicker.

[0061] Furthermore, in step S3, the spray module starts working when the temperature sensor detects a temperature higher than 28℃. When the temperature sensor detects a temperature higher than 35℃ in step S3, step S2 starts working, controlling the brightness of LED beads 95 to dim and turn off. A high-precision digital temperature sensor DS18B20 is used to monitor the micro-environment temperature of the seedling tray in real time. A dual-level trigger threshold of 28℃ and 35℃ is set. The waterproof packaging design is suitable for high humidity environments. The ±0.5℃ measurement accuracy ensures the accuracy of control. The sensor transmits the temperature data to the industrial control computer through a single bus protocol. When the temperature reaches 28℃, the spray command is triggered, and when the temperature reaches 35℃, the light control system is linked.

[0062] The three-channel system, consisting of a solenoid valve assembly, atomizing nozzles, and a water pump, supports independent control of water, fertilizer, and pesticides. The pulse-type solenoid valves have a response time of less than 50ms, and the centrifugal atomizing nozzles with an 80μm aperture achieve uniform coverage. After the industrial control computer sends a command, the solenoid valves open the corresponding pipelines according to the preset program, and the pressurization pump maintains a working pressure of 0.3MPa. The system dynamically adjusts the LED brightness and spray frequency based on a fuzzy PID algorithm. When the temperature exceeds the limit, the spray cooling is activated first. Under extreme high temperatures, the light intensity is reduced to reduce heat radiation, providing double protection to avoid heat damage. When the temperature is greater than 35℃, the industrial control computer gradually reduces the PWM duty cycle to 30%. If the temperature continues to rise, the supplementary lighting is completely turned off.

[0063] Furthermore, in step S5, a light-emitting plate is provided on the upper side of the seedlings on the uppermost seedling tray 8. The light-emitting plate is fixedly connected to the uppermost part of the combined frame 6 and is equipped with the same illuminance sensor and LED beads 95 electrically connected to the integrated industrial control computer. The illuminance sensor is integrated with a full-spectrum LED module and is vertically installed at the top of the combined frame 6. It forms a three-dimensional supplementary lighting network with the LED beads 95 of the lower seedling tray 8 to achieve gradient compensation of light intensity. The upper layer has 2000 lux strong light to promote the rejuvenation of etiolated seedlings, while the lower layer has 800 lux soft light to avoid scorching. The light distribution uniformity reaches 90% through the diffuse reflection plate. The illuminance sensor monitors the canopy light intensity in real time, and the data is fed back to the industrial control computer to dynamically adjust the PWM output to maintain the optimal PPFD value of each layer.

[0064] The upper light panel and the lower tray are synchronously equipped with high-precision BH1750 light sensors with a sampling frequency of 0.5Hz. A three-dimensional light environment model is established, and master-slave communication is achieved through the Modbus protocol to avoid light interference in multi-layer cultivation. After the data from the two sensors are compared and analyzed by the industrial control computer, the on / off sequence of the upper and lower light sources is independently controlled to ensure that the 24-hour DLI (Daily Light Integral) is stable at 12-17 mol / m²d. The industrial control computer is equipped with an embedded Linux system, runs a light environment optimization algorithm, supports SCADA remote monitoring, and can store light recipe parameters for 10 crops. When the temperature exceeds 35℃, the "strong light-spray" coordinated cooling mode is automatically activated. After receiving the sensor data, the industrial control computer calls the preset model to calculate the optimal light parameters and synchronously adjusts the color temperature and intensity of the upper and lower light sources through the RS485 bus.

[0065] Working process: When starting up, the main body box 2 moves horizontally along the sliding ground rail 1 to the initial working position. The baffle 11 and the circular block 12 form a mechanical limit. The electric slider is finely adjusted to ensure that the chain fixing column 4 is vertically aligned with the movable pallet structure 5. The spray pipe in the combined frame 6 completes self-inspection. The touch industrial control computer loads the preset light formula, such as the red and blue light ratio of 6:3:1 for lettuce seedlings. The temperature and light sensors establish communication at a sampling frequency of 0.5Hz.

[0066] After the seedling tray is manually placed onto the upper placement tray 81, the roller group 82 automatically centers at a speed of 15 rpm under the drive motor 93. The type 7 clamp 85 locks the toothed wheel 86 to ensure that the horizontal error of the placement tray is <0.5°. The switch contact block 96 contacts the contact connection groove to conduct electricity, and the indicator light lights up to show that it is in place.

[0067] The forward and reverse motor 21 drives the sprocket 33 with a torque of 5 N·m, which drives the chain 34 to rise and fall at a speed of 0.2 m / s. The limit roller 55 rolls and guides in the upper and lower sliding grooves 56. The inclined plate 71 corrects the position deviation and achieves a positioning accuracy of ±1 mm when transferring across layers.

[0068] The PWM module adjusts the LED beads to 95% spectral PPFD at 800μmol / m²s, while the upper illumination plate supplements 2000 lux of strong light. When the temperature exceeds 28℃, the spraying starts at 0.5L / min for atomization. When the temperature exceeds 35℃, the LED power drops to 30% and an alarm is triggered. The three-way solenoid valve responds in less than 50ms and accurately mixes nutrient solution according to EC values ​​of 1.2-1.8mS / cm. The industrial control computer displays the DLI value, temperature gradient, and nutrient solution balance in real time. It prompts for lubrication of the sprocket bearings every 500 hours and triggers wear checks on the roller assembly after 100,000 revolutions. The three-dimensional light environment data is remotely synchronized to the cloud via the SCADA system. Through mechatronics design, the entire process from seedling tray loading, three-dimensional circulation, precise control to data traceability is fully automated.

[0069] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "front and back", "left and right", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention.

[0070] Of course, those skilled in the art should understand that the term "a" should be understood as "at least one" or "one or more". That is, in one embodiment, the number of an element can be one, while in another embodiment, the number of the element can be multiple. The term "a" should not be understood as a limitation on the quantity.

[0071] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art under the technical guidance of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A three-dimensional circulating plant cultivation structure, characterized by: include A sliding ground rail (1) is fixedly connected to a baffle (11) on the upper right side. A circular block (12) is fixedly connected to the left side of the baffle (11). The upper end of the sliding ground rail (1) is slidably connected to a main body box (2). The lower end of the main body box (2) is fixedly connected to an upper and lower sliding column (3). The rear side of the upper end of the sliding column (3) is fixedly connected to a stabilizing block (31). The other end of the stabilizing block (31) is slidably connected to an upper beam rod (32). The upper and lower left ends of the sliding column (3) are provided with sprockets (33). The upper and lower sprockets (33) are meshed with chains (34). The two ends of the chains (34) are connected to the same chain fixing columns (4). The chain fixing columns (4) are fixedly connected to a movable tray structure (5). The upper beam (32) is fixedly connected to the rear side of the combined frame (6). The lower end of the combined frame (6) is fixedly connected to the working ground. The combined frame (6) includes a column (61). The rear end of the column (61) is evenly connected to a crossbar (62). The front and rear columns (61) are evenly connected to a tray slide bar (7). The front and rear columns (61) are evenly connected to an X-shaped stabilizer plate (63). The columns (61) and the crossbar (62) are both provided with cavities.

2. The three-dimensional circulation type plant cultivation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main body box (2) is equipped with a forward and reverse motor (21) on the left side. The forward and reverse motor (21) is equipped with an output shaft on the right side. The output shaft is fixedly connected to a rotating shaft on the right side. The outer bearing of the rotating shaft is connected to a bearing seat (22). The lower end of the bearing seat (22) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the main body box (2). The lower end of the rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the sprocket (33) on the right side. The rotating shaft passes through and is fixedly connected to the sprocket (33). The rotating shaft is movably connected to the upper and lower sliding columns (3).

3. The three-dimensional circulation type plant cultivation structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The movable tray structure (5) includes a tray frame (51), a square frame (52) is fixedly connected to the right side of the tray frame (51), the inner side of the square frame (52) is wrapped with upper and lower sliding columns (3), and the front and rear ends of the square frame (52) are fixedly connected to the upper and lower sides of the triangular platform (53). The triangular platform (53) is fixedly connected to the fixed block (54), the fixed block (54) is connected to the cylinder with a bearing, the cylinder is fixedly connected to the limiting roller (55) on one side, the limiting roller (55) is slidably connected to the upper and lower sliding groove (56), the upper and lower sliding groove (56) is fixedly connected to the upper and lower sliding columns (3), the upper left side of the square frame (52) is fixedly connected to the second triangular platform (57), the center of the second triangular platform (57) is fixedly connected to the chain fixing column (4), and the lower end of the chain fixing column (4) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the square frame (52). The seedling tray (8) is placed in the center of the square frame (52).

4. The three-dimensional circulating plant cultivation structure according to claim 3, characterized in that, The seedling tray (8) includes an upper placement tray (81). Roller assemblies (82) are provided on the left and right sides of the lower side of the upper placement tray (81). The roller assemblies (82) are rollers (41) evenly distributed front and back. A roller shaft (42) is provided at the center of the roller (41). The other end of the roller shaft (42) protrudes outside the lower wrapping block (83). The upper placement tray (81) is fixedly connected to the upper side of the lower wrapping block (83), and a square opening is provided at the center of the lower side of the lower wrapping block (83). A square hole (84) is provided with symmetrically arranged type 7 clips (85) on both sides. The upper side of the type 7 clips (85) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the lower end wrapping block (83), and the type 7 clips (85) are close to each other and connected to a rotating shaft by a bearing on one side. The center of the rotating shaft is fixedly connected to a toothed gear (86). The upper and lower ends of the toothed gear (86) are meshed with toothed blocks (87). The upper side of the upper toothed block (87) is fixedly connected to the lower side wall of the upper end placement plate (81), and the lower end of the toothed block (87) is fixedly connected to the lower side wall of the upper end placement plate (81). The lower side of the groove block (87) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the tray frame (51). A second toothed groove strip (88) is provided on one side of the square hole (84). The upper end of the second toothed groove strip (88) is fixedly connected to the lower end wrapping block (83), and the left side of the second toothed groove strip (88) is meshed with the second toothed wheel (89). The center position of the second toothed wheel (89) is fixedly connected to the rotating shaft. The lower end of the rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the belt pulley (9). The surface of the belt pulley (9) is uniformly provided with grooves, and the outer side of the belt pulley (9) is adapted to... A closed belt (91) is connected. The inner side of the closed belt (91) is provided with a protrusion. The protrusion is adapted to connect to the groove. The other side of the closed belt (91) is adapted to connect to the drive wheel (92). The center position of the drive wheel (92) is fixedly connected to the drive rotating shaft. The upper end of the drive rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the output shaft. The output shaft is connected to the drive motor (93). The output shaft bearing is connected to the bearing block. The bearing block is fixedly connected to the U-shaped base. The lower end of the U-shaped base is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the tray frame (51).

5. The three-dimensional circulating plant cultivation structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, The seedling tray (8) is uniformly provided with LED beads (95) on the lower side. The LED beads (95) are embedded and are electrically connected to switch contact blocks (96). The switch contact blocks (96) are located on both sides of the rear end of the lower wrapping block (83). The switch contact blocks (96) are protruding blocks with connecting contact points at the protruding positions. The length and width of the upper placement plate (81) are greater than those of the lower wrapping block (83). The height of the protrusion of the switch contact block (96) is less than the distance by which the upper placement plate (81) protrudes from the lower wrapping block (83).

6. The three-dimensional circulating plant cultivation structure according to claim 5, characterized in that, Sprinkler heads (64) are evenly distributed on the upper part of the columns (61) close to each other. The rear end of the sprinkler heads (64) is connected to the pipeline. The pipeline is hidden inside the column (61). The upper end of the crossbar (62) is fixedly connected to the limiting block (65). The front end of the limiting block (65) is provided with contact connection grooves on the left and right sides. The contact connection grooves are adapted to connect to the switch contact block (96). An indicator light is provided at the center of the rear end of the limiting block (65). The tray slide bar (7) is provided with inclined plates (71) on the side close to the column (61).

7. The light-monopolizing system of any one of the three-dimensional circulating plant cultivation structures according to claims 1-6, characterized in that, Including step S1: The seedling tray (8) enters the combined frame (6), the contact connection slot contacts the switch contact block (96) to conduct electricity, and the indicator light lights up to show that the seedling tray (8) is in place; Step S2: Connect the peripheral touch-screen integrated industrial control computer to the LED lamp beads (95) to control the opening and closing; Step S3: Connect the touch-screen integrated industrial control computer to the temperature sensor. The temperature sensor is set on the lower side of the upper placement plate (81) of the seedling tray (8). When the temperature of the upper placement plate (81) rises, the spray module is activated. Step S4: The spraying module includes a spray head (64), pipelines and a solenoid valve. The pipelines include three branches: water, fertilizer and pesticide. The pipelines are connected in parallel with the solenoid valve. The touch-screen integrated industrial control computer is electrically connected to the solenoid valve. The spray head (64) is connected to a pressure pump. The pressure pump is electrically connected to the touch-screen integrated industrial control computer. Step S5: The illuminance sensor is set on the second toothed groove (88) at the lower end of the seedling tray (8) to collect the illuminance and upload it to the touch screen integrated industrial control computer; Step S6: Connect the touch-screen integrated industrial control electromechanical system to the seedling information management module. The seedling information management module consists of a reader antenna, a reader, an actuator, and communication facilities. It integrates information on the seedling management on the seedling tray (8) to facilitate real-time viewing by workers.

8. The three-dimensional circulating plant cultivation uniform light system according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S2, the LED lamp bead (95) is an LED lamp with adjustable brightness, which is adjusted by a pulse width modulation (PWM) dimming module. The PWM dimming module is electrically connected to a contact control integrated industrial control computer.

9. A three-dimensional circulating light-monitoring system for plant cultivation according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S3, the spray module starts working when the temperature sensor detects a temperature higher than 28°C. When the temperature sensor detects a temperature higher than 35°C in step S3, step S2 starts working, controlling the brightness of the LED beads (95) to dim and turn off.

10. A three-dimensional circulating light-monitoring system for plant cultivation according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S5, the uppermost seedling tray (8) has a light plate on the upper side of the seedlings. The light plate is fixedly connected to the uppermost part of the combined frame (6) and is equipped with the same light intensity sensor and LED beads (95) electrically connected to the integrated industrial control computer.

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