A positioning device

Abstract

This utility model discloses a positioning device, including a first positioning component and a second positioning component. The first positioning component includes a positioning chamber and a first positioning element. The positioning chamber has a positioning groove, and the first positioning element is detachably mounted on the side wall of the positioning groove. The second positioning component includes a positioning base, which has multiple positioning supports and a second positioning element. The multiple positioning supports together form a positioning space. The second positioning element is disposed within the positioning space and is used to extend into the positioning groove from the bottom wall of the positioning base when the positioning chamber is installed in the positioning space. This utility model, by setting the first positioning element in the positioning groove and the second positioning element on the positioning base, allows the first positioning element to position the workpiece horizontally when it is placed in the positioning groove, and the second positioning element to position the workpiece vertically when the positioning chamber is installed on the positioning base. This achieves synchronous positioning of the workpiece during the transfer process, eliminating the need for an additional positioning step.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of CNC machine tool processing technology, and specifically relates to a positioning device. Background Technology

[0002] In CNC machine tool processing, after machining a single workpiece, the machine must be stopped first. Then, a worker or robot must remove the finished workpiece from the machining fixture, pick up a single blank workpiece from the material slot, move it to a positioning device near the machining table for precise positioning, and finally place the positioned blank workpiece onto the machining fixture before starting the next round of machining. Because machine tool processing and workpiece loading / unloading and positioning are independent of each other, each loading / unloading operation inevitably leads to the CNC machine tool being in a downtime state for a long time, affecting production efficiency.

[0003] Positioning devices near the processing table occupy additional space, reducing site utilization. Some solutions attempt to position the workpiece directly within the feed trough to simplify the process. However, in high-precision machining scenarios, due to the extremely high accuracy requirements of the feed trough, a feed trough of matching specifications must be replaced simultaneously when the workpiece specifications change, further increasing production costs and making it difficult to meet the demands of efficient machining. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this utility model is to disclose a positioning device, which sets a first positioning element in the positioning groove and a second positioning element on the positioning seat. When the workpiece is placed in the positioning groove, the first positioning element can position the workpiece in the horizontal direction. When the positioning chamber is installed on the positioning seat, the second positioning element can position the workpiece in the vertical direction, thereby realizing synchronous positioning of the workpiece during the transfer process and reducing additional positioning steps. Since the positioning chamber only needs to pre-position the workpiece in the X and Y directions and does not need to position it in the Z direction, the machining accuracy of the positioning chamber does not need to be too high, thus avoiding the machining error of the positioning chamber itself from being directly transmitted to the workpiece, which would lead to a decrease in the Z-direction positioning accuracy.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model discloses a positioning device, comprising:

[0006] The first positioning component includes a positioning chamber and a first positioning element. The positioning chamber is provided with a positioning groove, and the first positioning element is detachably disposed on the side wall of the positioning groove.

[0007] The second positioning component includes a positioning base, which is provided with multiple positioning supports and a second positioning member. The multiple positioning supports are arranged together to form a positioning space. The second positioning member is disposed in the positioning space and is used to extend into the positioning groove from the bottom wall of the positioning base when the positioning chamber is installed in the positioning space.

[0008] As an optional implementation, the first positioning member includes a first positioning block, which is detachably mounted on the side wall of the positioning groove. One side of the first positioning block is provided with a plurality of spaced first positioning protrusions, and two adjacent first positioning protrusions are spaced apart to form a first positioning groove.

[0009] As an optional implementation, the first positioning member further includes a second positioning block, which is detachably mounted on the side wall of the positioning groove and is disposed opposite to the first positioning block; the second positioning block has a plurality of spaced second positioning protrusions on the side facing the first positioning block, and two adjacent second positioning protrusions are spaced apart to form a second positioning groove; the first positioning protrusion is disposed opposite to the second positioning protrusion, and the first positioning groove is disposed opposite to the second positioning groove.

[0010] As an optional implementation, the width of the first positioning block is different from the width of the second positioning block.

[0011] As an optional implementation, both the first positioning block and the second positioning block are provided with a first connecting part, and the side wall of the positioning groove is provided with a plurality of second connecting parts, which are spaced apart; the first connecting part and one of the second connecting parts are detachably connected.

[0012] As an optional implementation, the second positioning member includes a first positioning rib and a second positioning rib, with the first positioning rib and the second positioning rib spaced apart; the positioning seat is provided with a plurality of the second positioning members.

[0013] As an optional implementation, the positioning seat includes multiple mounting positions, and each mounting position is provided with two positioning supports and multiple second positioning members; the two positioning supports are a first support and a second support, and the first support and the second support are arranged opposite to each other and spaced apart to form the positioning space;

[0014] The first support member is provided with a first positioning part, and the second support member is provided with a second positioning part; the two ends of the positioning chamber are also provided with a third positioning part, and the first positioning part and the second positioning part are both used to position and cooperate with the third positioning part when the positioning chamber is installed in the positioning space.

[0015] As an optional implementation, both the first support member and the second support member include two positioning posts, which are arranged opposite each other to form a positioning gap; the positioning posts are provided with positioning steps on the side facing the positioning gap, and the positioning steps of the two positioning posts are formed as the first positioning part or the second positioning part;

[0016] The third positioning element is located on the outer peripheral wall of the positioning chamber. The third positioning element includes a positioning protrusion, which is used to position and cooperate with the positioning interval when the positioning chamber is placed in the positioning space.

[0017] As an optional implementation, the positioning post has a guide slope on the side facing the positioning interval, and the guide slope is used to guide the positioning protrusion to be inserted into the positioning interval.

[0018] As an optional implementation, the positioning post is further provided with a locking member, which is telescopically installed on the side of the positioning post facing the positioning interval; the locking member is used to retract under the top pressure of the positioning protrusion when the positioning protrusion is installed in the positioning interval, and is used to pop out and abut against one side of the positioning protrusion when the positioning protrusion and the positioning interval are assembled in place.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0020] This utility model's positioning device, by setting a first positioning element in a positioning groove and a second positioning element on a positioning base, allows the first positioning element to position the workpiece horizontally when it is placed in the positioning groove, and the second positioning element to position the workpiece vertically when the positioning chamber is installed on the positioning base. This achieves synchronous workpiece positioning during transport, reducing additional positioning steps. Since the positioning chamber integrates the workpiece placement and transport trough with the positioning device, precise workpiece positioning is achieved directly within the positioning groove, eliminating the need for a separate positioning device near the processing table for repeated positioning and avoiding additional space occupation on the machine base.

[0021] Since the positioning chamber only needs to pre-position the workpiece in the X and Y directions, and does not need to position it in the Z direction, the machining accuracy of the positioning chamber does not need to be too high. This avoids the machining error of the positioning chamber itself (such as the flatness deviation of the bottom wall) from being directly transmitted to the workpiece, which would cause a decrease in the Z-direction positioning accuracy. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the positioning chamber (containing a workpiece) and the positioning seat during assembly according to an embodiment of this utility model;

[0024] Figure 2This is a schematic diagram of the positioning chamber (containing a workpiece) according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0025] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A structural diagram from another perspective;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a front view of the workpiece according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the positioning and engagement structure between the workpiece and the second positioning component according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 6 for Figure 2 A structural diagram from another perspective;

[0029] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the positioning device and the base of a CNC machine tool according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Explanation of key figure labels:

[0031] 10. Positioning chamber; 11. Positioning groove; 111. Second connecting part; 12. First positioning element; 121. First positioning block; 1211. First positioning protrusion; 1212. First positioning groove; 122. Second positioning block; 1221. Second positioning protrusion; 1222. Second positioning groove; 123. First connecting part; 13. Third positioning element; 131. First positioning strip; 132. Second positioning strip; 20. Positioning seat; 201. Mounting position; 21. Positioning support element ; 211, Positioning step; 212, Guide slope; 213, Limiting surface; 214, Limiting protrusion; 22, Second positioning component; 221, First positioning rib; 222, Second positioning rib; 23, Locking component; 24, First positioning post; 25, Second positioning post; 26, Third positioning post; 27, Fourth positioning post; 30, Workpiece; 301, First positioning notch; 302, Second positioning notch; 40, Machine base; 41, Guide rail; 42, Slide table; 43, Worktable. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0033] In this invention, the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "front," "rear," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "middle," "vertical," "horizontal," "lateral," and "longitudinal" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. These terms are primarily for the purpose of better describing this invention and its embodiments, and are not intended to limit the indicated device, element, or component to having a specific orientation, or to be constructed and operated in a specific orientation.

[0034] Furthermore, in addition to indicating direction or positional relationship, some of the aforementioned terms may also have other meanings. For example, the term "above" may also be used in some cases to indicate a certain dependency or connection relationship. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of these terms in this utility model according to the specific circumstances.

[0035] Furthermore, the terms "installation," "setup," "equipped with," "connection," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral structure; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or an internal connection between two devices, components, or parts. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of these terms in this utility model based on the specific circumstances.

[0036] Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are primarily used to distinguish different devices, components, or parts (which may be the same or different in specific type and construction), and are not intended to indicate or imply the relative importance or quantity of the indicated devices, components, or parts. Unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0037] The technical solution of this utility model will be further described below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0038] Please see Figure 1 As shown, this application provides a positioning device, which includes a first positioning component and a second positioning component. For details, please refer to... Figure 2 The first positioning component includes a positioning chamber 10 and a first positioning element 12. The positioning chamber 10 is provided with a positioning groove 11, and the first positioning element 12 is detachably disposed on the side wall of the positioning groove 11. (See again) Figure 1 The second positioning component includes a positioning base 20, which is provided with a plurality of positioning supports 21 and a second positioning member 22. The plurality of positioning supports 21 are arranged together to form a positioning space. The second positioning member 22 is disposed in the positioning space and is used to extend into the positioning groove 11 from the bottom wall of the positioning base 20 when the positioning chamber 10 is installed in the positioning space.

[0039] Based on this structure, when using the positioning device of this embodiment, firstly, a suitable first positioning member 12 is selected according to the specifications of the workpiece 30, and it is detachably installed on the side wall of the positioning groove 11 of the positioning chamber 10. By adjusting the specifications of the first positioning member 12, the gap error between the positioning groove 11 and the workpiece 30 can be eliminated, completing the pre-configuration of the first positioning assembly. For the second positioning assembly, multiple positioning supports 21 are arranged on the positioning seat 20 to form a positioning space that matches the size of the positioning chamber 10, while ensuring that the second positioning member 22 extends upward from the bottom wall of the positioning seat 20, and its position corresponds to the positioning groove 11 of the positioning chamber 10.

[0040] When a manual or robotic arm moves the positioning chamber 10 containing the workpiece 30 into the positioning space of the positioning seat 20, the outer wall of the positioning chamber 10 contacts multiple positioning supports 21, achieving initial horizontal positioning through the enclosure constraint of the positioning supports 21. When the positioning chamber 10 is fully placed into the positioning space, the second positioning member 22 on the bottom wall of the positioning seat 20 extends into the positioning groove 11 of the positioning chamber 10. At this time, the positioning groove 11 forms a multi-dimensional precise positioning of the workpiece 30 through the first positioning member 12 and the second positioning member 22.

[0041] Specifically, after the workpiece 30 is placed in the positioning groove 11, the first positioning member 12 on the side wall of the positioning groove 11 is in close contact with the outer wall of the workpiece 30, constraining the horizontal displacement of the workpiece 30; and when the positioning chamber 10 is installed in the positioning space, the workpiece 30 is positioned and engaged with the second positioning member 22 extending from the bottom wall of the positioning seat 20 under the action of gravity, thereby restricting the vertical displacement of the workpiece 30 and ensuring the stability of the positioning.

[0042] Subsequently, the entire positioning device and the workpiece 30 on it can be transferred to the loading and unloading area of ​​the CNC machine tool. The robot arm or fixture of the loading and unloading device picks up the precisely positioned workpiece 30 and transfers it to the fixture on the machining table. After the machining fixture holds the workpiece 30, the machining process is started directly. That is, the positioning chamber 10 of this utility model integrates the material groove for placing and transferring the workpiece 30 with the positioning device. The workpiece 30 is precisely positioned directly in the positioning groove 11, eliminating the need for a separate positioning device near the machining table for repeated positioning, reducing additional positioning steps, and avoiding additional space occupation of the machine base 40 by the positioning device.

[0043] It should be noted that when the specifications of workpiece 30 change, only the specifications of the first positioning element 12 within the positioning groove 11 need to be changed; the entire device does not need to be replaced. If the second positioning element 22 is worn, it can also be disassembled and replaced separately, making maintenance convenient. (See reference...) Figure 1 and Figure 5Since the second positioning element 22 positions the workpiece 30 at the same height, the robotic arm or clamp of the loading and unloading device does not need to adjust the clamping height each time it clamps the workpiece 30, which further improves the consistency and efficiency of the operation.

[0044] Therefore, the positioning chamber 10 can serve as a transfer carrier for the workpiece 30, allowing for offline loading and pre-positioning of the workpiece 30 before it is transferred to the positioning seat 20 on the CNC machine tool, thus realizing the interconnected process of "offline preparation - online rapid docking". Through the rapid docking and positioning between the positioning chamber 10 and the positioning seat 20, and the multi-dimensional constraints formed by the first positioning component 12 and the second positioning component 22, the offset and shaking of the workpiece 30 can be effectively eliminated, making it particularly suitable for high-precision machining scenarios and ensuring the consistency of machining accuracy.

[0045] Since the positioning chamber 10 only needs to pre-position the workpiece 30 in the X and Y directions, and does not need to position it in the Z direction, the machining accuracy of the positioning chamber 10 does not need to be too high. This avoids the machining error of the positioning chamber 10 itself (such as the bottom wall flatness deviation) from being directly transmitted to the workpiece 30, which would cause the Z-direction positioning accuracy to decrease.

[0046] Meanwhile, this invention moves the traditional positioning process, which is performed near the machining table, to the front end, reducing downtime and allowing the machine tool to start processing directly after the positioning components are moved to the fixture, thus improving production efficiency. Furthermore, the integrated design of the positioning components and the positioning chamber 10 reduces the space occupied by independent positioning devices near the machining table; the detachable first positioning component 12 and the adjustable positioning support component 21 are adaptable to various workpiece specifications 30, avoiding the need to replace the entire positioning device or positioning chamber 10 due to changes in workpiece 30 specifications, thereby reducing equipment and changeover costs.

[0047] As an optional implementation, the first positioning member 12 includes a first positioning block 121. Specifically, the first positioning block 121 is detachably installed on the side wall of the positioning groove 11, and a plurality of spaced first positioning protrusions 1211 are provided on one side of the first positioning block 121. Two adjacent first positioning protrusions 1211 form a first positioning groove 1212 at intervals.

[0048] Based on this structure, during assembly, a first positioning component 12 with matching specifications is selected according to the outer wall contour of the workpiece 30. The first positioning block 121 is fixed to the side wall of the positioning groove 11 by means of detachable structures such as bolts and buckles, ensuring that the first positioning protrusion 1211 faces the inside of the positioning groove 11, and the first positioning groove 1212 formed by adjacent protrusions corresponds to the protrusion structure of the outer wall of the workpiece 30.

[0049] When a worker or a robot places the workpiece 30 into the positioning slot 11 of the positioning chamber 10, the protruding part of the outer wall of the workpiece 30 will naturally embed into the first positioning groove 1212 of the first positioning block 121, while the first positioning protrusion 1211 will fit against the groove or plane of the outer wall of the workpiece 30. The workpiece 30 is positioned by the complementary engagement between the protrusion of the workpiece 30 and the groove of the positioning block.

[0050] Specifically, for example, when the workpiece 30 is a flat plate structure with a certain thickness, when the workpiece 30 is placed in the positioning groove 11, the sidewalls of two adjacent first positioning protrusions 1211 and the end wall between them can jointly form a first positioning groove 1212, and the first positioning groove 1212 can accommodate the end of the workpiece 30. The end wall of the first positioning groove 1212 is in contact with the end face of the workpiece 30 in the X-axis direction, and the sidewalls of the two first positioning protrusions 1211 are in contact with the side of the workpiece 30 in the Y-axis direction, thereby forming a rigid constraint on the workpiece 30 in the horizontal direction and preventing the workpiece 30 from sliding or shifting horizontally within the positioning groove 11.

[0051] After the positioning chamber 10 is installed in the positioning space of the positioning base 20, the second positioning member 22 on the bottom wall of the positioning base 20 extends into the positioning groove 11. Under the action of gravity, the workpiece 30 fits against the second positioning member 22, restricting its displacement in the Z-axis direction. After positioning is completed, the workpiece 30 is transferred to the processing area with the positioning chamber 10, and the robot directly grabs the positioned workpiece 30 to the processing fixture.

[0052] In this invention, the X-axis direction is defined as the left-right direction, the Y-axis direction as the front-back direction, and the Z-axis direction as the up-down direction.

[0053] Therefore, the multiple spaced first positioning protrusions 1211 and the first positioning grooves 1212 form two mutually perpendicular limiting structures, which can more accurately match the contour features of the outer wall of the workpiece 30 compared to single-plane positioning. If the specifications of the workpiece 30 change (such as changes in thickness along the Y-axis or width along the X-axis), only the first positioning block 121 with the corresponding spacing of the first positioning protrusions 1211 needs to be replaced, without adjusting the positioning groove 11 body; if the first positioning protrusions 1211 wear out due to long-term use, the first positioning block 121 can be replaced separately, resulting in low maintenance costs.

[0054] It should be noted that the number of first positioning grooves 1212 is the same as the number of workpieces 30. That is, when the positioning groove 11 accommodates multiple workpieces 30 of the same specification, the first positioning member 12 can position multiple workpieces 30 synchronously.

[0055] As an optional implementation method, see [link / reference]. Figure 6The first positioning member 12 further includes a second positioning block 122, which is detachably mounted on the side wall of the positioning groove 11 and is disposed opposite to the first positioning block 121. The second positioning block 122 has a plurality of spaced second positioning protrusions 1221 on the side facing the first positioning block 121. Two adjacent second positioning protrusions 1221 form a second positioning groove 1222. The first positioning protrusion 1211 and the second positioning protrusion 1221 are disposed opposite to each other, and the first positioning groove 1212 and the second positioning groove 1222 are disposed opposite to each other.

[0056] Based on this structure, during assembly, according to the horizontal dimensions (such as width in the X direction and thickness in the Y direction) and outer wall contour of the workpiece 30, a first positioning block 121 and a second positioning block 122 with matching specifications are selected. Using detachable structures such as bolts and clips, the first positioning block 121 is fixed to one side wall of the positioning groove 11, and the second positioning block 122 is fixed to the opposite side wall, ensuring that the first positioning protrusion 1211 and the second positioning protrusion 1221 are aligned one-to-one, the first positioning groove 1212 and the second positioning groove 1222 are corresponding one-to-one, and the distance between them is adapted to the horizontal dimensions of the workpiece 30.

[0057] When a manual or robotic arm places the workpiece 30 into the positioning groove 11, the protrusion on one side of the outer wall of the workpiece 30 engages with the first positioning groove 1212 of the first positioning block 121, while the protrusion on the other side engages with the second positioning groove 1222 of the second positioning block 122. Conversely, if the outer wall of the workpiece 30 has a groove structure, the positioning protrusions of the first positioning block 121 and the second positioning block 122 engage with the grooves on both sides of the workpiece 30, respectively. Through the symmetrical engagement of the "protrusion-groove" on both sides, the workpiece 30 is bidirectionally clamped in the horizontal direction, forming a stable limiting structure.

[0058] After the positioning chamber 10 is installed on the positioning seat 20, the second positioning member 22 extends into the positioning groove 11 from the bottom. The workpiece 30 fits against the second positioning member 22 under the action of gravity, restricting the Z-direction displacement. Meanwhile, the positioning protrusions of the first and second positioning blocks 122 fit tightly against the outer wall of the workpiece 30 from both sides, further eliminating the gap in the horizontal direction.

[0059] Thus, the symmetrical arrangement of the first positioning block 121 and the second positioning block 122 forms a "two-way clamping" structure. Compared with the unidirectional constraint of a single-sided positioning block, this structure can more evenly distribute the positioning force on the workpiece 30, avoiding tilting or displacement of the workpiece 30 due to unilateral force. The positioning protrusions on both sides can simultaneously constrain the width of the workpiece 30 from both sides in the X direction, while the positioning grooves restrict its back-and-forth sliding from the Y direction, keeping the positioning error of the workpiece 30 in the horizontal plane within a smaller range and achieving high-precision positioning.

[0060] As an optional implementation, the width of the first positioning block 121 is different from the width of the second positioning block 122.

[0061] Based on this structure, the width of the first positioning block 121 in the X-axis direction can be set to W1, and the width of the second positioning block 122 in the X-axis direction can be W2, where W1 > W2. Simultaneously, two sets of second positioning elements 22 (such as positioning pins) are correspondingly provided on the positioning seat 20. One set of second positioning elements 22 is aligned with the inner edge of the first positioning block 121 in the X-axis direction, and the other set is aligned with the inner edge of the second positioning block 122 in the X-axis direction.

[0062] When the workpiece 30 is placed into the positioning groove 11 in the correct direction, the first positioning block 121 and the second positioning block 122 are located in the correct positions on both sides of the workpiece 30. At this time, when the positioning chamber 10 is installed on the positioning seat 20, both sets of second positioning parts 22 can pass smoothly through the corresponding holes at the bottom of the positioning groove 11 and fit into the bottom of the workpiece 30, thus completing the Z-axis positioning.

[0063] If workpiece 30 is incorrectly placed in the positioning slot 11 in the wrong orientation, the positions of the first positioning block 121 and the second positioning block 122 will be interchanged. In this case, the wider positioning block (such as the first positioning block 121 originally mounted on the right) will move to the left, while the second positioning component 22 on the left is mounted according to the original width of the second positioning block 122. Since the width W1 of the first positioning block 121 is greater than the width W2 of the second positioning block 122, this positioning block will interfere with the second positioning component 22 on the left, causing the second positioning component 22 to be unable to fully extend into the positioning slot 11, or even lifting the positioning chamber 10, making the operator immediately aware of the placement error.

[0064] When interference occurs, the operator needs to remove the workpiece 30, adjust its orientation, and reinsert it into the positioning slot 11. At this time, the positioning block and the second positioning element 22 are correctly matched again, the positioning chamber 10 can be smoothly installed on the positioning seat 20, and the second positioning element 22 successfully completes the Z-axis positioning, ensuring the accuracy of subsequent processing.

[0065] Therefore, by differentiating the widths of the two positioning blocks, the system or operator can automatically identify incorrect placement and prevent subsequent operations, thus preventing errors. This error-proof design achieves automatic detection and correction of the workpiece's 30-degree placement direction through differentiated physical structure configuration, significantly improving production efficiency, safety, and ease of operation while ensuring processing accuracy.

[0066] As an optional implementation, both the first positioning block 121 and the second positioning block 122 are provided with a first connecting part 123. Correspondingly, the side wall of the positioning groove 11 is provided with a plurality of second connecting parts 111. The plurality of second connecting parts 111 are spaced apart, and the first connecting part 123 is detachably connected to one of the second connecting parts 111.

[0067] Based on this structure, during assembly, the installation positions 201 of the first positioning block 121 and the second positioning block 122 in the positioning groove 11 are determined according to the horizontal dimensions of the workpiece 30 (such as the width in the X direction and the length in the Y direction). The second connecting part 111 with the corresponding spacing on the side wall of the positioning groove 11 is selected, and the first connecting part 123 of the first positioning block 121 and the second positioning block 122 is docked and fixed with the selected second connecting part 111.

[0068] If the size of workpiece 30 is increased, the connection between the first connecting part 123 and the original second connecting part 111 is loosened, the first positioning block 121 and the second positioning block 122 are moved to both sides of the positioning groove 11 respectively, and the second connecting part 111 with the spacing that matches the size of the new workpiece 30 is re-fixed, so that the new size workpiece 30 can be adapted.

[0069] After the positioning block is installed, when the workpiece 30 is placed into the positioning groove 11, the positioning protrusions on both sides and the groove form a fitting positioning. After the positioning chamber 10 is installed into the positioning seat 20, the second positioning element 22 extends into the positioning groove 11 to complete the Z-axis positioning. When the specifications of the workpiece 30 change again, the above adjustment process is repeated. There is no need to replace the positioning block body. Adaptation can be achieved simply by changing the docking position of the connecting part.

[0070] The first connecting part 123 can be a screw hole, a slot, etc., and the second connecting part 111 can be a bolt or a buckle.

[0071] Therefore, the multiple spaced second connecting parts 111 provide multiple mounting positions 201 for the positioning blocks, so that the distance between the first positioning block 121 and the second positioning block 122 can be continuously adjusted according to the size of the workpiece 30. Compared with the fixed position connection structure, it can adapt to more specifications of workpiece 30.

[0072] As an optional implementation, the second positioning member 22 includes a first positioning rib 221 and a second positioning rib 222, wherein the first positioning rib 221 and the second positioning rib 222 are spaced apart, and the positioning seat 20 is provided with a plurality of second positioning members 22.

[0073] Specifically, the first positioning rib 221 and the second positioning rib 222 are spaced apart in the X-axis direction, and the positioning seat 20 is provided with multiple second positioning elements 22 along the Y-axis direction. (See reference...) Figure 4 as well as Figure 5The bottom of the workpiece 30 is provided with a first positioning notch 301 and a second positioning notch 302. The spacing between the first positioning rib 221 and the second positioning rib 222 is the same as the spacing between the two positioning notches at the bottom of the workpiece 30.

[0074] When the positioning chamber 10 is installed onto the positioning base 20, the first positioning notch 301 at the bottom of the workpiece 30 engages with the first positioning rib 221, and the second positioning notch 302 engages with the second positioning rib 222. After the positioning chamber 10 is in place, it is suspended on the positioning base 20, and the workpiece 30 falls onto the positioning rib under gravity, with the groove at the bottom of the workpiece 30 correspondingly fitting against the positioning rib. Multiple second positioning elements 22 can individually position multiple workpieces 30 within the positioning groove 11.

[0075] Therefore, the combination of the first positioning rib 221 and the second positioning rib 222 forms multiple fulcrum positioning in the X-axis direction, which is more resistant to external force disturbance in the horizontal direction than single-point positioning, and reduces the risk of displacement of the workpiece 30 during the processing.

[0076] As an optional implementation, the positioning base 20 includes multiple mounting positions 201, each mounting position 201 having two positioning supports 21 and multiple second positioning members 22. The two positioning supports 21 are respectively a first support and a second support, which are arranged opposite to each other and spaced apart to form the positioning space. More specifically, the first support has a first positioning part, and the second support has a second positioning part; see reference. Figure 2 The positioning chamber 10 is also equipped with third positioning components 13 at both ends, see reference. Figure 3 Both the first positioning part and the second positioning part are used to position and cooperate with the third positioning element 13 when the positioning chamber 10 is installed in the positioning space.

[0077] Based on this structure, the first support member and the second support member of each mounting position 201 form a positioning space at intervals, and the width of the positioning space in the Y-axis direction is adapted to the width of the positioning chamber 10 in the Y-axis direction. The positioning space can restrict the movement of the positioning chamber 10 in the Y-axis direction. At the same time, the position of the second positioning member 22 on the mounting position 201 corresponds to the positioning groove 11 of the positioning chamber 10.

[0078] When a person or a robot moves the positioning chamber 10 containing the workpiece 30 to the positioning space of the mounting position 201, the third positioning members 13 at both ends of the positioning chamber 10 are aligned with the first positioning part of the first support member and the second positioning part of the second support member. When the positioning chamber 10 is completely placed into the positioning space, the third positioning member 13 fits tightly with the first positioning part and the second positioning part, completing the horizontal attitude calibration of the positioning chamber 10 in the mounting position 201. At the same time, multiple second positioning members 22 on the mounting position 201 extend into the positioning groove 11 of the positioning chamber 10 and cooperate with the bottom of the workpiece 30 to achieve Z-axis positioning.

[0079] The first and second positioning parts can both be positioning holes or grooves; the third positioning element 13 is correspondingly a positioning pin or a protrusion. The movement of the positioning chamber 10 in the X-axis direction is restricted by the fitting constraint between the positioning element and the positioning part.

[0080] Thus, the relative arrangement of the first and second support members forms a double-sided clamping of the positioning chamber 10. Combined with the precise engagement of the third positioning member 13 with the first and second positioning parts, the displacement of the positioning chamber 10 is restricted from both sides of the X-axis and both ends of the Y-axis. Since the positioning seat 20 includes multiple mounting positions 201, multiple positioning chambers 10 can be selected to correspond to multiple mounting positions 201 for positioning and installation according to the batch size of the workpieces 30.

[0081] Furthermore, it should be noted that after the positioning chamber 10 is installed on the positioning base 20 and positioned and connected with the first positioning part and the second positioning part, the positioning chamber 10 is not placed directly on the bottom wall of the positioning base 20. Instead, it is suspended in the air by the support of the first support member and the second support member. That is, the bottom of the positioning chamber 10 and the bottom wall of the positioning base 20 maintain a certain distance in the Z-axis direction. In this way, when the positioning chamber 10 is in a suspended state, the workpiece 30 can fall naturally under its own gravity and position and cooperate with the second positioning member 22 at the bottom to complete the Z-axis positioning. Since there is no Z-axis positioning relationship between the positioning chamber 10 and the workpiece 30, the machining accuracy of the bottom wall of the positioning chamber 10 will not affect the Z-axis positioning of the workpiece 30.

[0082] As an optional implementation, both the first support member and the second support member include two positioning posts. Specifically, the two positioning posts are arranged opposite each other to form a positioning gap. A positioning step 211 is provided on the side of the positioning post facing the positioning gap, and the positioning step 211 of the two positioning posts forms a first positioning portion or a second positioning portion. Furthermore, a third positioning member 13 is located on the outer peripheral wall of the positioning chamber 10, and the third positioning member 13 includes a positioning protrusion. The positioning protrusion is used to position and cooperate with the positioning gap when the positioning chamber 10 is placed within the positioning space.

[0083] Based on this structure, during assembly, the widths of the first support member and the second support member in the Y-axis direction are adjusted according to the width of the positioning chamber 10 in the Y-axis direction. Then, according to the length of the positioning protrusion in the X-axis direction, the spacing between the two positioning posts in the first support member and the second support member in the X-axis direction is adjusted respectively.

[0084] Specifically, the two positioning posts of the first support member are defined as the first positioning post 24 and the second positioning post 25, and the two positioning posts of the second support member are defined as the third positioning post 26 and the fourth positioning post 27. The four positioning posts are arranged in a rectangular array to form a positioning space. Among them, the first positioning post 24 and the third positioning post 26, and the second positioning post 25 and the fourth positioning post 27 are arranged opposite to each other in the Y-axis direction, which can constrain the positioning chamber 10 in the Y-axis direction.

[0085] When the positioning chamber 10 is moved to the positioning space by a manual or robotic arm, the positioning protrusions on the outer peripheral wall of the positioning chamber 10 align with the positioning gap between the first and second supports and slide into the space between the two positioning posts along the guide of the positioning gap. The inner walls of the two positioning posts restrict the displacement of the positioning protrusions in the X-axis direction to prevent the positioning chamber 10 from shifting left or right. The positioning protrusions at both ends of the positioning chamber 10 are the first positioning strip 131 and the second positioning strip 132, respectively. The first positioning strip 131 is installed in the positioning gap between the first positioning post 24 and the second positioning post 25, and the second positioning strip 132 is installed in the positioning gap between the third positioning post 26 and the fourth positioning post 27.

[0086] When the positioning chamber 10 falls to the preset position, the bottom of the positioning protrusion fits into the positioning step 211 of the positioning column, and the step surface supports the positioning protrusion, so that the positioning chamber 10 is suspended on the positioning column. At the same time, the positioning space completes the positioning of the positioning chamber 10 in the Y-axis direction.

[0087] After the positioning chamber 10 achieves rigid horizontal constraint through the cooperation of the positioning protrusion and the positioning column, the second positioning member 22 on the bottom wall of the positioning seat 20 extends into the positioning groove 11 and cooperates with the bottom structure of the workpiece 30 to complete the Z-axis positioning; at the same time, the first positioning block 121 in the positioning groove 11 forms a horizontal constraint on the workpiece 30 from both sides, and finally achieves full-dimensional precise docking of the positioning chamber 10, the workpiece 30 and the positioning seat 20.

[0088] Therefore, the positioning step 211 provides basic support for the positioning chamber 10 in the Z direction, ensuring that the positioning chamber 10 is stably docked at the preset height under the action of gravity.

[0089] It should be noted that in this invention, the positioning chamber 10 first uses the first positioning member 12 to form preliminary constraints on the workpiece 30 in the X and Y axis directions, ensuring the stability of the workpiece 30's posture within the chamber; the positioning seat 20 then uses the positioning support member 21 to form secondary constraints on the positioning chamber 10 in the X and Y axis directions, controlling the overall offset of the positioning chamber 10 within a smaller range. Finally, the second positioning member 22 forms precise positioning of the workpiece 30 in the Z axis direction.

[0090] As an optional implementation, the positioning post is provided with a guide slope 212 on the side facing the positioning interval, and the guide slope 212 is used to guide the positioning protrusion to be inserted into the positioning interval.

[0091] In this way, the entrance of the positioning interval is formed into a funnel shape. When the positioning protrusion slides in, it automatically corrects the slight offset through the guide slope 212. Even if there is a slight placement deviation in the positioning chamber 10, it can slide to the correct position along the guide on the inner wall of the positioning column, which simplifies the alignment difficulty of automated transfer.

[0092] See Figure 3 In the two positioning posts forming the positioning interval, one positioning post has a guide slope 212 on its inner side, while the other positioning post has a vertically flat limiting surface 213 facing the side wall of the positioning interval, and the latter also has a limiting protrusion 214 on its top. Thus, when the positioning protrusion is installed in the positioning interval along the guide slope 212 of one positioning post, one side of the positioning protrusion abuts against the limiting surface of the other positioning post, forming a rigid constraint in the X-axis direction to prevent the protrusion from swaying left and right within the positioning interval. Simultaneously, the limiting protrusion 214 prevents the positioning protrusion from detaching from the positioning interval in the Z-axis direction.

[0093] As an optional implementation, the positioning post is also provided with a locking member 23. Specifically, the locking member 23 is telescopically installed on the side of the positioning post facing the positioning interval. The locking member 23 is used to retract under the top pressure of the positioning protrusion when the positioning protrusion is installed in the positioning interval, and to pop out and abut against one side of the positioning protrusion when the positioning protrusion and the positioning interval are assembled in place.

[0094] Based on this structure, the locking component 23 specifically includes a cylindrical lock cylinder, a spring, and a limiting sleeve. The limiting sleeve is fixed in the mounting hole of the positioning post, and a guide groove is provided on the inner wall to restrict the lock cylinder to extend and retract only along the axial direction. The two ends of the compression spring are respectively connected to the lock cylinder and the limiting sleeve, and the head of the lock cylinder is provided with an inclined guide surface.

[0095] As the positioning chamber 10 moves toward the positioning post, the positioning protrusion first contacts the inclined guide surface of the locking member 23. As the positioning protrusion continues to insert, the locking member 23 is subjected to the force of the positioning protrusion, overcoming the preload of the internal spring and retracting into the limiting sleeve, making way for the positioning protrusion. When the positioning protrusion falls completely into the positioning gap and fits against the positioning step 211, the locking member 23 is no longer subjected to the force of the positioning protrusion. Therefore, the spring releases its elastic potential energy, pushing the locking member 23 out, causing the lock cylinder to tightly abut against one side of the positioning protrusion along the Z-axis, forming a mechanical lock.

[0096] Therefore, the locking member 23 can work together with the positioning step 211 to position the Z-direction position of the positioning chamber 10. When the positioning chamber 10 tends to move upward due to external forces (such as vibration during robot transfer or cutting force during processing), the locking member 23 can provide a reverse constraint force to prevent it from moving away from the Z-direction position where the positioning step 211 is located.

[0097] In addition, see Figure 7 The positioning device of this utility model can be applied to CNC machine tools. Specifically, the CNC machine tool includes a machine base 40, on which a guide rail 41 extending along the Y-axis is provided. A slide 42 is provided on the guide rail 41, and the slide 42 is slidably engaged with the guide rail 41. The slide 42 can move along the guide rail 41 on the machine base 40 in the Y-axis direction under the drive of a driving component, which can be a pneumatic cylinder or a hydraulic cylinder. The slide 42 is provided with a worktable 43, and the worktable 43 is provided with multiple sets of positioning devices along the X-axis. Each set of positioning devices has a positioning seat 20 with multiple mounting positions 201 along the Y-axis. Each mounting position 201 has a corresponding positioning chamber 10, and multiple workpieces 30 are placed within the positioning chamber 10.

[0098] In this way, during the offline stage, multiple workpieces 30 can be placed into the positioning slots 11 of the positioning chamber 10 manually or using automated equipment. The workpieces 30 naturally fall to the bottom of the positioning slots 11 under gravity, and initial positioning in the X-axis and Y-axis directions is achieved under the action of the first positioning element 12, ensuring that each workpiece 30 has a consistent posture within the positioning chamber 10. During the online stage, after the positioning chamber 10 is installed on the positioning seat 20 via the positioning support 21, the positioning chamber 10 is suspended in mid-air, and the second positioning element 22 on the positioning seat 20 extends into the positioning slots 11. The workpieces 30 fall onto the positioning points of the second positioning element 22 under gravity, achieving secondary calibration in the X-axis direction through the positioning notch at the bottom of the workpiece 30 and the second positioning element 22, while simultaneously completing positioning in the Z-axis direction.

[0099] Subsequently, the drive unit on the base 40 drives the slide 42 to move the positioning device along the Y-axis to the loading and unloading area. The loading and unloading device in the loading and unloading area can directly grab the workpiece 30 that has been accurately positioned in the positioning slot 11 through a robot or clamping tool. It can be transferred to the fixture at the processing station without additional calibration. The processing process is started immediately after the fixture clamps it.

[0100] Therefore, this invention can complete the initial positioning of workpieces 30 in the positioning chamber 10 in batches. After the positioning chamber 10 and the positioning seat 20 are quickly docked, the second positioning component 22 is used to achieve precise three-dimensional positioning of workpieces 30, so that the loading, unloading, positioning and machine tool processing of workpieces 30 are no longer completely independent. It effectively shortens the downtime of CNC machine tools caused by loading, unloading and positioning, avoids the long downtime of machine tools in the traditional process, and significantly improves production efficiency.

[0101] Meanwhile, this positioning device eliminates the need for additional positioning devices near the processing table. By integrating the positioning chamber 10 and the positioning seat 20, it reduces the space occupied and improves the utilization rate of the site. Moreover, when the specifications of the workpiece 30 change, only some components such as the first positioning element 12 in the positioning chamber 10 need to be replaced, without replacing the entire material trough or positioning device, thus reducing the production costs caused by changes in the specifications of the workpiece 30.

[0102] The technical means disclosed in this utility model are not limited to those disclosed in the above embodiments, but also include technical solutions composed of any combination of the above technical features. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various improvements and modifications without departing from the principle of this utility model, and these improvements and modifications are also considered within the scope of protection of this utility model.

Claims

1. A positioning device, characterized by: include, The first positioning component includes a positioning chamber and a first positioning element. The positioning chamber is provided with a positioning groove, and the first positioning element is detachably disposed on the side wall of the positioning groove. The second positioning component includes a positioning base, which is provided with multiple positioning supports and a second positioning member. The multiple positioning supports are arranged together to form a positioning space. The second positioning member is disposed in the positioning space and is used to extend into the positioning groove from the bottom wall of the positioning base when the positioning chamber is installed in the positioning space.

2. The positioning device of claim 1, wherein: The first positioning element includes a first positioning block, which is detachably mounted on the side wall of the positioning groove. One side of the first positioning block is provided with a plurality of spaced first positioning protrusions, and two adjacent first positioning protrusions are spaced apart to form a first positioning groove.

3. The positioning device of claim 2, wherein: The first positioning component further includes a second positioning block, which is detachably mounted on the side wall of the positioning groove. The second positioning block is disposed opposite to the first positioning block. The second positioning block has a plurality of spaced second positioning protrusions on the side facing the first positioning block, and two adjacent second positioning protrusions are spaced apart to form a second positioning groove. The first positioning protrusion is disposed opposite to the second positioning protrusion, and the first positioning groove is disposed opposite to the second positioning groove.

4. The positioning device of claim 3, wherein: The width of the first positioning block is different from the width of the second positioning block.

5. The positioning device of claim 4, wherein: Both the first positioning block and the second positioning block are provided with a first connecting part, and the side wall of the positioning groove is provided with a plurality of second connecting parts, which are spaced apart; the first connecting part and one of the second connecting parts are detachably connected.

6. The positioning device of claim 1, wherein: The second positioning element includes a first positioning rib and a second positioning rib, with the first positioning rib and the second positioning rib spaced apart; the positioning seat is provided with a plurality of the second positioning elements.

7. The positioning device of claim 1, wherein: The positioning seat includes multiple mounting positions, and each mounting position is provided with two positioning supports and multiple second positioning components; the two positioning supports are a first support and a second support, and the first support and the second support are arranged opposite to each other and spaced apart to form the positioning space. The first support member is provided with a first positioning part, and the second support member is provided with a second positioning part; the two ends of the positioning chamber are also provided with a third positioning part, and the first positioning part and the second positioning part are both used to position and cooperate with the third positioning part when the positioning chamber is installed in the positioning space.

8. The positioning device of claim 7, wherein: Both the first support member and the second support member include two positioning posts, which are arranged opposite each other to form a positioning gap; each positioning post has a positioning step on the side facing the positioning gap, and the positioning steps of the two positioning posts form the first positioning part or the second positioning part; The third positioning element is located on the outer peripheral wall of the positioning chamber. The third positioning element includes a positioning protrusion, which is used to position and cooperate with the positioning interval when the positioning chamber is placed in the positioning space.

9. The positioning device of claim 8, wherein: The positioning post has a guide slope on the side facing the positioning interval, and the guide slope is used to guide the positioning protrusion to be inserted into the positioning interval.

10. The positioning device of claim 8, wherein: The positioning post is also provided with a locking member, which is telescopically installed on the side of the positioning post facing the positioning interval; the locking member is used to retract under the top pressure of the positioning protrusion when the positioning protrusion is installed in the positioning interval, and is used to pop out and abut against one side of the positioning protrusion when the positioning protrusion and the positioning interval are assembled in place.

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