Polychromator, plasma diagnostic system and fusion reaction system

Abstract

This application provides a multicolor instrument, a plasma diagnostic system, and a fusion reaction system. The multicolor instrument includes a first mirror assembly and an optical path box. The first mirror assembly is mounted on the inner wall of the optical path box via a lens flange. An angle exists between the axis of the first mirror assembly and the inner wall of the optical path box, and this angle is adjusted by tightening bolts passing through the lens flange. By mounting the first mirror assembly on the optical path box using a flange-bolt structure, a multicolor instrument with a simple structure, high reliability, flexibility, and ease of maintenance is obtained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of nuclear fusion technology, and in particular to a multicolor instrument, a plasma diagnostic system, and a fusion reaction system. Background Technology

[0002] With the in-depth development of plasma physics research, plasma diagnostic systems have been widely used as an important plasma diagnostic measurement tool. For example, based on the phenomenon of electrons scattering electromagnetic waves in plasma, key parameters such as the electron temperature Te and electron density ne can be calculated by measuring the frequency and intensity changes of the scattered light. This diagnostic method plays an irreplaceable role in probing the state of plasma in nuclear fusion reactors.

[0003] Currently, in plasma diagnostic systems, polychromators are widely used to measure extremely weak spectral signals. Polychromators are typically equipped with multiple optical channels, enabling simultaneous detection of light across multiple wavelength ranges. This design allows researchers to acquire multiple spectral data points simultaneously, thereby improving measurement efficiency and accuracy.

[0004] However, the lack of simplicity and reliability in the structural design of multicolorists makes the optical path calibration process complex and unreliable, which may lead to decreased or unstable measurement accuracy. Furthermore, the inflexible structural design of multicolorists increases operational difficulty during maintenance and upgrades, limiting maintainability and expandability. Therefore, designing a multicolorist that is simple, reliable, flexible, and easy to maintain has become an urgent technical problem to be solved. Utility Model Content

[0005] This application provides a multicolor instrument, a plasma diagnostic system, and a fusion reaction system. The first mirror tube assembly is installed on the optical path box through a flange bolt structure, resulting in a multicolor instrument that is simple in structure, reliable, flexible, and easy to maintain.

[0006] According to one aspect of the embodiments of this application, a polychromator is provided, the polychromator including a first lens tube assembly and an optical path box;

[0007] The first lens barrel assembly is mounted on the inner wall of the optical path box via a lens flange. The axis of the first lens barrel assembly and the inner wall of the optical path box are at an angle, which is adjusted by screwing on the bolts passing through the lens flange.

[0008] According to another aspect of the embodiments of this application, a plasma diagnostic system is provided, including the polychromator described above.

[0009] According to another aspect of the embodiments of this application, a fusion reaction system is provided, including a nuclear fusion reaction device and the plasma diagnostic system described above.

[0010] In the polychromator provided in this application, the first microscope tube assembly is mounted on the inner wall of the optical path box via a lens flange. Bolts are used to adjust the angle between the axis of the first microscope tube assembly and the inner wall of the optical path box, enabling flexible adjustment and precise calibration of the optical path. This simplifies the optical path calibration process, improves reliability, and makes the polychromator's structure more compact and modular. Through modular design, each component is independent, facilitating assembly, maintenance, and upgrades, significantly improving maintainability and expandability. It can adapt to adjustment needs under different experimental conditions, further enhancing the flexibility of the polychromator. Attached Figure Description

[0011] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a multicolor instrument provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0012] Figure 2 This is one of the structural diagrams showing the installation position of the first lens tube assembly in a polychromator according to an embodiment of this application;

[0013] Figure 3 This is a second structural diagram showing the installation position of the first lens tube assembly in a multicolor instrument according to an embodiment of this application;

[0014] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of a multicolor instrument provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0015] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a plasma diagnostic system provided in one embodiment of this application;

[0016] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a fusion reaction system provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0017] Figure Labels

[0018] Multicolor instrument-100; First lens tube assembly-110; Optical path box-120; Lens flange-130; Bolt-140; Straight body contact ball-150; Second lens tube assembly-160; Fiber optic cable-170; Fiber optic cable assembly-180; Plasma diagnostic system-10; Nuclear fusion reactor-20; Fusion reactor system-30. Detailed Implementation

[0019] Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a full understanding of this application. However, this application can be implemented in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the spirit of this application; therefore, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0020] The terminology used in one or more embodiments of this application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of the one or more embodiments of this application. The singular forms “a,” “the,” and “the” used in one or more embodiments of this application and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term “and / or” used in one or more embodiments of this application refers to and includes any or all possible combinations of one or more associated listed items. The term “at least one” in one or more embodiments of this application means “one or more,” and “a plurality of” means “two or more.” The term “comprising” is an open-ended description and should be understood as “including but not limiting,” and may include other content in addition to what has been described.

[0021] It should be understood that although the terms "first," "second," etc., may be used to describe various information in one or more embodiments of this application, such information should not be limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish information of the same type from one another. For example, "first" may also be referred to as "second" without departing from the scope of one or more embodiments of this application, and similarly, "second" may also be referred to as "first." Depending on the context, the word "if," as used herein, may be interpreted as "when," "in response to a determination," or "when," or "in the event of a determination."

[0022] First, the terms and concepts involved in one or more embodiments of this application will be explained.

[0023] Plasma: A thermodynamic state of matter, often referred to as the fourth state of matter. It consists of a large number of free electrons and ionized atoms, is electrically neutral overall but has high conductivity and the ability to respond to electromagnetic fields. At extremely high temperatures, atoms in a gas can be ionized into free electrons and positive ions; this state is commonly found inside stars, in lightning, and under certain types of laboratory conditions.

[0024] Thomson scattering: a phenomenon based on the scattering of electromagnetic waves by electrons in plasma. It is a process in which electromagnetic wave photons collide elastically with free electrons. In this process, the energy of the photons is not absorbed but changes their direction of motion.

[0025] Thomson scattering diagnostic system: A plasma diagnostic system that uses the Thomson scattering principle to measure plasma parameters such as temperature and density. This system typically includes one or more lasers to generate high-energy beams that enter the plasma and scatter with free electrons within it. By detecting changes in the direction and frequency of the scattered light, key parameters such as the electron temperature Te and electron density ne within the plasma can be inferred.

[0026] A polychromator is a spectrophotometer that can decompose polychromatic light into monochromatic light and accurately measure the intensity of light at each wavelength. In nuclear fusion research, polychromators are used to collect and analyze the spectra of light beams emitted from plasma.

[0027] Nuclear fusion: Nuclear fusion refers to the process by which the nuclei of lighter elements combine to form heavier elements under high temperature and pressure, releasing a large amount of energy. Unlike fission, fusion does not produce long-lasting radioactive waste, and its fuel sources are widely available (such as the hydrogen isotopes deuterium and tritium in seawater). Nuclear fusion is the energy source for the sun and other stars to shine and generate heat, and it is also one of the clean energy sources that humanity is pursuing.

[0028] Nuclear fusion reactor: A device used to realize and control nuclear fusion reactions, fusing lighter elemental particles (such as hydrogen isotopes deuterium and tritium) into heavier elemental particles under high temperature and pressure conditions, releasing a large amount of energy. A nuclear fusion reactor typically includes the following key components: 1. Nuclear fusion vacuum reactor: Contains and maintains the plasma state under high temperature and pressure, making it suitable for nuclear fusion reactions. 2. Heating system: Heats the lighter elemental particles, such as through radio frequency heating or neutral beam injection. 3. Magnetic confinement device: Uses a strong magnetic field to confine the plasma, preventing it from directly contacting the inner wall of the vacuum reactor chamber, such as a tokamak or stellarator. 4. Diagnostic system: Includes a plasma diagnostic system, which monitors plasma state parameters in real time, such as temperature, density, and stability, thereby providing a basis for adjusting experimental parameters and ensuring optimized reaction conditions.

[0029] Tokamak device: A tokamak is a magnetic confinement device specifically designed for controlled nuclear fusion experiments. It uses a powerful toroidal or spherical magnetic field and helical twisted coils to confine high-temperature plasma, preventing it from directly contacting the walls of the vacuum reactor chamber. The powerful magnetic field generated inside the tokamak device effectively keeps the plasma in a stable orbit.

[0030] Stellarator Device: A stellarator is a magnetic confinement device different from a tokamak. It generates a twisted three-dimensional magnetic field structure through a complex coil configuration to stabilize and confine plasma. Compared to a tokamak, a stellarator does not require current to maintain plasma stability, which reduces problems caused by current fluctuations.

[0031] Currently, in plasma diagnostic systems, polychromators are widely used to measure extremely weak spectral signals. Polychromators are typically equipped with multiple detection channels, enabling simultaneous detection of light across multiple wavelength ranges. This design allows researchers to acquire multiple spectral data points simultaneously, thereby improving measurement efficiency and accuracy.

[0032] However, the lack of simplicity and reliability in the structural design of multicolormeters makes the optical path calibration process complex and unreliable, which may lead to decreased or unstable measurement accuracy. Furthermore, the inflexible structural design of multicolormeters increases operational difficulty during maintenance and upgrades, limiting maintainability and expandability.

[0033] This application provides a multicolor instrument, a plasma diagnostic system, and a fusion reaction system. The first mirror tube assembly is installed on the optical path box through a flange bolt structure, resulting in a multicolor instrument that is simple in structure, reliable, flexible, and easy to maintain.

[0034] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a polychromator provided in an embodiment of this application. The polychromator 100 includes a first lens tube assembly 110 and an optical path box 120.

[0035] The first lens barrel assembly 110 is mounted on the inner wall of the optical path box 120 via the lens flange 130. The axis of the first lens barrel assembly 110 and the inner wall of the optical path box 120 are at an angle, which is adjusted by screwing the bolt 140 through the lens flange 130.

[0036] The first lens tube assembly 110 is a component in the polychromator 100 for beam transmission and dispersion. The first lens tube assembly 110 receives a beam of light from the plasma and decomposes it into monochromatic light of different wavelengths using internal optical elements. It transmits (selectively transmits) monochromatic light of specific wavelengths and converts this monochromatic light into an electrical signal for precise measurement. In one embodiment, there are multiple first lens tube assemblies 110, each corresponding to the transmission of multiple specific wavelengths of monochromatic light. Each first lens tube assembly 110 corresponds to one optical channel. For example, if six optical channels need to be acquired, the polychromator 100 includes six first lens tube assemblies 110. The transmission wavelength range of the first optical channel is 950nm ± 37nm, the transmission wavelength range of the second optical channel is 1000nm ± 23nm, the transmission wavelength range of the third optical channel is 1030nm ± 12nm, the transmission wavelength range of the fourth optical channel is 1048nm ± 8nm, the transmission wavelength range of the fifth optical channel is 1058nm ± 3nm, and the transmission wavelength range of the sixth optical channel is 1078nm ± 12nm.

[0037] The optical path box 120 is a closed space structure in the polychromator 100. The optical path box 120 houses the optical path and installs and fixes the various components of the polychromator 100. The optical path box 120 is usually a sealed box made of metal, plastic or composite material.

[0038] The inner wall of the optical path box 120 forms the boundary surface of its internal space, and mounting positions for the first lens barrel assembly 110 and other components are pre-set on the inner wall. At least one bolt hole is provided at the mounting position of the first lens barrel assembly 110, allowing the lens flange 130 to be fixed to the inner wall of the optical path box 120 using bolts 140. The inner wall is typically made of a matte-coated metal plate to absorb stray light.

[0039] The included angle is the angle between the axis of the first lens tube assembly 110 and the plane containing the inner wall of the optical path box 120. The size of this included angle can be adjusted by screwing the bolt 140 that passes through the lens flange 130, so that the light beam enters the first lens tube assembly 110 at the expected incident angle and is reflected back into the optical path box at the corresponding reflection angle, and is transmitted by other first lens tube assemblies 110, thereby completing the acquisition of monochromatic light of different wavelengths one by one.

[0040] The lens flange 130 is a ring-shaped mechanical interface for mounting the first lens barrel assembly 110 to the inner wall of the optical path box 120. The lens flange 130 has at least one bolt through hole, allowing a bolt 140 to pass through. The lens of the first lens barrel assembly 110 is located between the lens flange 130 and the inner wall. The inner ring diameter of the lens flange 130 is smaller than the diameter of the lens of the first lens barrel assembly 110 to ensure the lens is fixed in a predetermined position and does not move.

[0041] Bolt 140 is a mechanical fastener that passes through lens flange 130 to mount the first lens barrel assembly 110 onto the inner wall of optical path box 120, and adjusts the included angle by rotation. Bolt 140 may include a through bolt for mounting and a rotating bolt for mounting and adjusting the included angle, or it may only include a rotating bolt for mounting and adjusting the included angle; this is not limited here.

[0042] In one embodiment, Figure 2 This application provides a structural diagram illustrating one of the mounting positions of the first lens tube assembly in a polychromator, as shown in one embodiment. Figure 2 As shown:

[0043] The lens flange 130 has four evenly distributed bolt through holes. Multiple mounting positions for the first lens barrel assembly 110 are pre-set on the optical path box 120. At these mounting positions, four bolts 140 pass through the lens flange 130 to mount the first lens barrel assembly 110 onto the inner wall of the optical path box 120.

[0044] like Figure 2 As shown, the lens flange 130 can be removed simply by removing the bolt 140 that passes through it, thereby removing the first lens barrel assembly 110 and completing the maintenance and upgrade.

[0045] In this embodiment, the first microscope tube assembly 110 is mounted on the inner wall of the optical path box 120 via a lens flange 130. Bolts 140 are used to adjust the angle between the axis of the first microscope tube assembly 110 and the inner wall of the optical path box 120, enabling flexible adjustment and precise calibration of the optical path. This simplifies the optical path calibration process, improves reliability, and makes the structure of the multicolor instrument 100 more compact and modular. Through modular design, each component is independent, facilitating assembly, maintenance, and upgrades, significantly improving maintainability and expandability. It can adapt to adjustment needs under different experimental conditions, further enhancing the flexibility of the multicolor instrument 100.

[0046] In one embodiment of this application, the inner wall of the optical path box 120 is provided with a plurality of elastic parts at the mounting position of the first lens barrel assembly 110, wherein the plurality of elastic parts are uniformly abutting against the outer periphery of the lens flange 130.

[0047] Elastic components are parts that can deform under external force and return to their original shape after the external force is removed. Elastic components include, but are not limited to, straight ball bearings, coil springs, rubber washers, and disc springs. Multiple elastic components can be independent parts, or they can be fixed or embedded in the inner wall; this is not limited here. Multiple elastic components are evenly abutted against the outer periphery of the lens flange 130, providing a counterforce to the lens flange 130. This prevents the lens flange 130 from being suspended and unstable due to uneven tightening of the bolts 140, and simultaneously ensures that the flange receives a balanced reaction force, preventing tilting or misalignment due to excessive pressure on one side. For example, four elastic components are evenly abutted against the outer periphery of the annular lens flange 130 at 90-degree intervals.

[0048] In this embodiment, by providing multiple elastic parts on the inner wall of the optical path box 120, these parts uniformly abut against the outer periphery of the lens flange, ensuring that the lens flange 130 will not be suspended or tilted even if the bolts 140 are tightened to varying degrees, providing a balanced reaction force, enhancing the stability and shock resistance of the polychromator 100, simplifying the maintenance process, improving the overall performance and reliability of the polychromator 100, effectively preventing instability of the polychromator 100 due to assembly errors, and ensuring measurement accuracy.

[0049] In one embodiment of this application, the elastic component is a straight ball bearing 150, wherein the elastic force direction of each straight ball bearing 150 forms a reverse force with the tightening direction of the plurality of bolts 140.

[0050] The straight ball bearing 150 is a spherical elastic component, typically made of metal or high-strength plastic, capable of compression or expansion along its axial direction. During compression, a portion of the straight ball bearing 150 is recessed into the inner wall of the optical path box 120. When the lens flange 130 is installed, the straight ball bearing 150 is subjected to pressure, providing a counterforce to the tightening direction of the multiple bolts 140. This ensures that the lens flange 130 does not become suspended or tilted, allowing for slight movement of the lens flange 130 on the plane of its inner wall to accommodate different sizes of assembly gaps, thereby ensuring the stability of the multicolor instrument 100.

[0051] The spring force direction of each straight ball bearing 150 is perpendicular to the outer peripheral plane of the lens flange 130. The tightening direction of the multiple bolts 140 is the direction of the tightening force applied along the bolt axis.

[0052] In one embodiment, Figure 3 This is a second structural diagram showing the mounting position of the first lens tube assembly in a polychromator according to an embodiment of this application, as shown below. Figure 3 As shown:

[0053] At the mounting position of the first lens barrel assembly 110, there are four straight-body contact beads 150, which are spaced 90 degrees apart. After the lens flange 130 is installed, the four straight-body contact beads 150 are evenly abutted against the outer periphery of the lens flange 130.

[0054] In this embodiment of the application, by uniformly arranging multiple straight-body contact beads 150, the concentrated stress caused by tightening the bolts 140 can be effectively dispersed, preventing flange deformation or other mechanical failures caused by excessive local stress. At the same time, it also allows the lens flange 130 to be slightly adjusted to a certain extent to accommodate minor manufacturing errors or assembly deviations, further improving the stability and reliability of the multicolor instrument 100.

[0055] In one embodiment of this application, the first lens barrel assembly 110 is mounted on the inner wall of the optical path box 120 by a straight bolt and a rotating bolt passing through the lens flange 130, and the included angle is adjusted by turning the rotating bolt.

[0056] The through bolt is a headless bolt that passes through the lens flange 130 and mounts the first lens barrel assembly 110 onto the inner wall of the optical path box 120, ensuring that they maintain the correct relative position. The through bolt typically has a fully or partially threaded shank to allow for the passage of materials of varying thicknesses and allows for tightening with a nut. The through bolt eliminates the need for angle adjustment, ensuring that the first lens barrel assembly 110 is securely mounted in the predetermined position, thereby guaranteeing the stability and accuracy of the multicolor instrument 100.

[0057] The rotating bolt is a type of bolt that can be rotated, allowing for adjustment of the included angle while tightening. The included angle between the axis of the first lens barrel assembly 110 and the inner wall of the optical path box 120 can be adjusted by turning the rotating bolt without fully loosening it.

[0058] like Figure 2 As shown, of the four bolts 140 passing through the lens flange 130, the two bolts 140 symmetrical in the vertical direction are straight bolts, which fix the relative position between the lens flange 130 and the inner wall of the optical path box 120, ensuring that the first lens barrel assembly 110 can be firmly installed in its preset installation position. The two bolts 140 symmetrical in the horizontal direction are swivel bolts, which are turned to adjust the angle between the axis of the first lens barrel assembly 110 and the inner wall of the optical path box 120.

[0059] In this embodiment, by combining straight bolts and rotating bolts, the angle between the axis of the first lens barrel assembly 110 and the inner wall of the optical path box 120 is precisely adjusted while ensuring that the first lens barrel assembly 110 is securely installed.

[0060] In one embodiment of this application, the first lens barrel assembly 110 includes a dispersive element, an exit slit, and a detector. The dispersive element refracts or diffracts the light beam incident on the first lens barrel assembly 110, the exit slit selects light of a specific wavelength in the light beam to pass through, and the detector receives light of a specific wavelength.

[0061] A dispersive element is a component that splits an incident light beam. It can take the form of a prism or a grating, and decomposes composite light into monochromatic light of different wavelengths through refraction or diffraction. Light of different wavelengths is refracted or diffracted at different angles, thus being separated in space.

[0062] The beam incident on the first lens tube assembly 110 is Thomson scattered light scattered back from the plasma. After collimation, it is incident on the first lens tube assembly 110 for further analysis.

[0063] The exit slit is a component that transmits light within a specific wavelength range, limiting the spectral bandwidth reaching the detector. The width of the exit slit needs to balance the relationship between spectral resolution and signal intensity. A narrower exit slit can improve resolution but reduce signal intensity; conversely, a wider exit slit can increase signal intensity but reduce resolution.

[0064] A detector is a component that receives light of a specific wavelength passing through an exit slit. The choice of detector depends on specific application requirements, such as sensitivity, response speed, and spectral range. The detector measures the intensity of light of a specific wavelength passing through the exit slit, converts the optical signal into an electrical signal, and then amplifies and processes it through electronic circuitry.

[0065] The dispersive element refracts or diffracts the light beam entering the first lens tube assembly 110. One feasible method is to use a planar reflective grating to diffract and split the light beam entering the first lens tube assembly 110. Another feasible method is to use a concave grating. Yet another feasible method is to use a prism to refract and split the light beam entering the first lens tube assembly 110. No specific method is specified here.

[0066] In this embodiment, the Thomson scattering light is effectively analyzed through the dispersive element, exit slit, and detector, ensuring that the polychromator 100 can accurately measure the electron temperature and density of the plasma while maintaining its stability and reliability. Furthermore, the modular design facilitates maintenance and upgrades, improving the flexibility and adaptability of the polychromator 100.

[0067] The photodiode in the detector can effectively detect weak light signals, meeting the usage requirements of the polychromator 100.

[0068] Currently, after a photodiode acquires an electrical signal, it needs to be amplified by a gain amplifier circuit to enhance the weak signal. Furthermore, because photodiodes have strict temperature control requirements, a temperature control circuit is often necessary.

[0069] However, when the temperature control circuit and the amplifier circuit are close together, the large current generated by the temperature control circuit will cause common coupling with the amplifier circuit, affecting the normal operation of the amplifier circuit. In addition, the heat problem will introduce significant thermal noise and degrade the quality of the electrical signal.

[0070] In one embodiment of this application, the detector includes a first circuit board with a photodiode and an amplifier circuit fixed thereon, and a second circuit board with a temperature control circuit fixed thereon. The photodiode integrates a thermistor and a thermoelectric cooler.

[0071] The output terminal of the photodiode is connected to the input terminal of the amplifier circuit;

[0072] The thermistor and thermoelectric cooler are connected to the second circuit board via wires.

[0073] A photodiode is a semiconductor device that converts light signals into electrical signals. Photodiodes typically operate under reverse bias and generate current when illuminated. The working principle of a photodiode is based on the internal photoelectric effect, where an energetic photon strikes the diode, creating an electron-hole pair. These carriers separate under the influence of the internal electric field in the depletion region, forming a photocurrent. An example is the avalanche photodiode (APD).

[0074] An amplifier circuit is an electronic circuit that increases the amplitude or power of an electrical signal, thereby amplifying a weak electrical signal.

[0075] The first circuit board is the substrate that carries the photodiode and amplifier circuit. It is usually made of a material with high thermal conductivity and low coefficient of thermal expansion to ensure the stability and reliability of the circuit.

[0076] The temperature control circuit is an electronic circuit that controls the temperature of the photodiode. By adjusting the working state of the thermoelectric cooler, the photodiode is kept within its optimal operating temperature range.

[0077] The second circuit board is the substrate that carries the temperature control circuit. It is usually set separately from the first circuit board to avoid the temperature control circuit from interfering with the amplifier circuit.

[0078] A thermistor is a temperature-sensitive resistive element that can sense the operating temperature of a photodiode and transmit the temperature signal to a temperature control circuit.

[0079] A thermoelectric cooler is a device that uses the Peltier effect to cool or heat, and temperature regulation can be achieved by changing the direction of the current.

[0080] In this embodiment, by integrating a photodiode, an amplifier circuit, a temperature control circuit, a thermistor, and a thermoelectric cooler into a compact detector module, efficient acquisition and precise control of optical signals are achieved. Simultaneously, the photodiode and amplifier circuit are fixed to the first circuit board, while the temperature control circuit is fixed to the second circuit board, physically isolating the temperature control circuit from the amplifier circuit. This significantly reduces the impact of coupling noise and thermal noise, improving the stability of the multicolor meter 100.

[0081] In one embodiment of this application, the polychromator 100 further includes a second lens tube assembly 160, which includes an optical fiber adapter and an entrance slit.

[0082] The fiber optic adapter is connected to the fiber optic assembly. The plane where the incident slit is located has an angle with the inner wall of the optical path box 120. The angle controls the angle at which the light beam enters the optical path box 120.

[0083] The second mirror assembly 160 is a component in the polychromator 100 that receives and guides the light beam into the optical path box 120. The second mirror assembly 160 is connected to the optical fiber assembly via an optical fiber adapter, receives the light beam from the plasma, and guides it into the optical path box 120 where it is received and analyzed by the first mirror assembly 110.

[0084] A fiber optic adapter is an optical interface that connects a fiber optic assembly and a second lens barrel assembly 160. Fiber optic adapters are typically made of high-precision optical materials and can efficiently transmit optical signals from the fiber optic cable to the second lens barrel assembly 160. The selection of a fiber optic adapter needs to consider the geometry and optical characteristics of the fiber to reduce optical signal loss during transmission.

[0085] The entrance slit is an opening that transmits a beam of light in a specific direction, limiting the range of the beam entering the optical path box 120. The width and position of the entrance slit need to be adjusted according to the actual application requirements to balance the relationship between the directionality of the beam and the signal intensity. A narrower entrance slit can improve the directionality of the beam, but may reduce the signal intensity; a wider entrance slit can increase the signal intensity, but may introduce more stray light.

[0086] The angle between the plane containing the entrance slit and the inner wall of the optical path box 120 can be a preset angle or can be adjusted by adjusting the lens flange 130 on which the second lens assembly 160 is mounted; neither is limited here. This angle ensures that the light entering the optical path box 120 is collimated and has a certain directionality. The entrance slit flexibly adapts to different beam incident conditions, further improving the versatility and adaptability of the polychromator 100.

[0087] In one embodiment, the second lens barrel assembly 160 is mounted on the inner wall of the optical path box 120 via a lens flange 130, wherein the axis of the second lens barrel assembly 160 and the inner wall of the optical path box 120 are at an angle, and the angle is adjusted by screwing on a bolt 140 that passes through the lens flange 130.

[0088] like Figure 2 As shown, the second lens barrel assembly 160 is also mounted on the inner wall of the optical path box 120 via the lens flange 130. The lens flange 130 can be removed by simply removing the bolts 140 that pass through the lens flange 130, thereby removing the second lens barrel assembly 160 and completing the maintenance and upgrade.

[0089] In this embodiment, the functionality of the polychromator 100 is further expanded by adding a second mirror assembly 160. The second mirror assembly 160 is connected to the fiber optic assembly via a fiber optic adapter, enabling the transmission of light beams from the nuclear fusion reactor to the polychromator 100 for analysis. The angle between the plane of the incident slit and the inner wall of the optical path box 120 can be controlled by adjusting the bolt 140 to adjust the angle at which the light beam enters the optical path box 120, thereby optimizing the optical path and improving measurement accuracy. Simultaneously, the modular design of the second mirror assembly 160 facilitates installation and maintenance, further enhancing the flexibility and maintainability of the polychromator 100.

[0090] In one embodiment of this application, the polychromator 100 further includes an optical fiber assembly 180 connected to an optical fiber 170, wherein the optical fiber 170 transmits a light beam from a nuclear fusion reactor.

[0091] Fiber 170 is an optical medium for transmitting optical signals, typically consisting of a three-layer structure: a core, a cladding, and a protective sheath. The core is made of high-refractive-index glass or plastic material and transmits optical signals; the cladding is made of low-refractive-index material and restricts the propagation of optical signals within the core; the protective sheath is a durable material that protects the fiber from external environmental influences.

[0092] The fiber optic assembly 180 carries the fiber optic cable 170 and provides a connection interface. The fiber optic assembly 180 typically includes components such as fiber optic adapters, fiber optic connectors, and fiber optic brackets to ensure a reliable connection between the fiber optic cable 170 and the second lens barrel assembly 160.

[0093] The fiber optic assembly 180 is connected to the second mirror tube assembly 160 via a fiber optic adapter, enabling the transmission of light beams from the nuclear fusion reactor to the multicolor analyzer 100 for analysis. The fiber optic cable 170 is typically made of high-precision, low-loss fiber material to reduce signal loss during transmission. The design of the fiber optic assembly 180 allows the multicolor analyzer 100 to be flexibly connected to different nuclear fusion reactors, further improving its versatility and adaptability.

[0094] In this embodiment, by integrating the fiber optic assembly 180 with the multicolor meter 100, real-time monitoring of the plasma state in a nuclear fusion reactor is achieved. The fiber optic cable 170 transmits the light beam from the plasma to the multicolor meter 100 for analysis, thereby inferring key parameters such as the electron temperature and electron density of the plasma. Simultaneously, the modular design of the fiber optic assembly 180 facilitates installation and maintenance, further enhancing the overall performance and reliability of the multicolor meter 100.

[0095] Referring to the above embodiments, Figure 4 A structural diagram of a multicolor instrument according to an embodiment of this application is shown, as follows: Figure 4 As shown:

[0096] The polychromator 100 consists of six first lens tube assemblies 110, one second lens tube assembly 160, one optical fiber assembly 180, one optical path box 120, and one optical fiber 170.

[0097] Multiple components are mounted on the optical path box 120. The inner wall of the optical path box 120 has mounting positions for fixing other components, and these mounting positions are equipped with bolt holes. Six first lens barrel assemblies 110 are mounted on the inner wall of the optical path box 120 via lens flanges 130. One second lens barrel assembly 160 is also mounted on the inner wall of the optical path box 120 via a lens flange 130. An optical fiber assembly 180, connected to the optical fiber adapter of the second lens barrel assembly 160, contains an optical fiber 170 and transmits the light beam from the nuclear fusion reactor. The light beam enters the optical path box, forming a reflected light path, and is collected sequentially by the six first lens barrel assemblies 110.

[0098] Corresponding to the polychromator 100 described above, this application also provides an embodiment of a plasma diagnostic system. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a plasma diagnostic system provided in an embodiment of this application. The plasma diagnostic system 10 includes the polychromator 100 described above.

[0099] The plasma diagnostic system 10 is an experimental device for studying the characteristics of high-temperature, high-density plasma. In one embodiment, in addition to the polychromator 100 mentioned above, the plasma diagnostic system 10 also includes other key components: 1. Laser: generates high-energy laser pulses, which are guided into the plasma within the nuclear fusion reactor 20. 2. Signal processing unit: receives the electrical signals converted by the polychromator 100, performs data processing and analysis to extract the electron temperature and density information of the plasma. 3. Control system: monitors and regulates the operating status of the entire plasma diagnostic system, ensuring coordinated operation of all parts, and adjusts parameter settings according to experimental requirements.

[0100] In this embodiment, by integrating a polychromator 100 into the plasma diagnostic system 10, the plasma diagnostic system 10 can effectively and accurately measure and analyze the characteristics of high-temperature, high-density plasma. As a core detection device, the polychromator 100's precise wavelength selection capability and efficient photoelectric conversion mechanism are crucial for improving measurement accuracy.

[0101] The above is an illustrative scheme of a plasma diagnostic system according to an embodiment of this application. It should be noted that the technical solution of this plasma diagnostic system belongs to the same concept as the technical solution of the polychromator described above. For details not described in detail in the technical solution of the plasma diagnostic system, please refer to the description of the technical solution of the polychromator described above.

[0102] Corresponding to the above-mentioned multicolor instrument, this application also provides an embodiment of a fusion reaction multicolor instrument. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a fusion reaction system provided in an embodiment of this application. The fusion reaction system 30 includes a nuclear fusion reaction device 20 and the plasma diagnostic system 10 described above.

[0103] The nuclear fusion reactor 20 is a device for realizing and controlling nuclear fusion reactions. The nuclear fusion reactor 20 typically includes a vacuum reaction chamber in which high-temperature plasma is generated, and the plasma is confined by a strong magnetic field to achieve the temperature and density required for nuclear fusion.

[0104] In this embodiment, by integrating a polychromator into the plasma diagnostic system 10, the fusion reaction system 30 can effectively monitor the plasma characteristics in the nuclear fusion reactor 20 in real time. As a core detection device, the polychromator's precise wavelength selection capability and efficient photoelectric conversion mechanism are crucial for improving measurement accuracy.

[0105] The above is a schematic scheme of a fusion reaction system according to an embodiment of this application. It should be noted that the technical solution of this fusion reaction system and the technical solution of the multicolor instrument described above belong to the same concept. For details not described in detail in the technical solution of the fusion reaction system, please refer to the description of the technical solution of the multicolor instrument described above.

[0106] The foregoing has described specific embodiments of this application. Other embodiments are within the scope of the appended claims. In some cases, the actions or steps recited in the claims may be performed in a different order than that shown in the embodiments and may still achieve the desired results. Furthermore, the processes depicted in the drawings do not necessarily require the specific or sequential order shown to achieve the desired results. In some embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing are also possible or may be advantageous.

[0107] Those skilled in the art should also understand that the embodiments described in the specification are all preferred embodiments, and the actions and modules involved are not necessarily essential to this application. In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses, and for parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions of other embodiments.

[0108] The preferred embodiments disclosed above are merely illustrative of this application. The above embodiments do not exhaustively describe all details, nor do they limit this application to the specific implementations described. Clearly, many modifications and variations can be made based on the content of this application. These embodiments are selected and specifically described in this application to better explain the principles and practical applications of this application, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to better understand and utilize this application.

Claims

1. A polychromator characterized by, The polychromator includes a first lens tube assembly and an optical path box; The first lens barrel assembly is mounted on the inner wall of the optical path box via a lens flange. The axis of the first lens barrel assembly and the inner wall of the optical path box are at an angle, which is adjusted by screwing on a bolt passing through the lens flange.

2. The multichromometer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner wall of the optical path box is provided with a plurality of elastic parts at the mounting position of the first lens barrel assembly, wherein the plurality of elastic parts are uniformly abutting against the outer periphery of the lens flange.

3. The multichromometer according to claim 2, characterized in that, The elastic component is a straight ball bearing, wherein the elastic force of each straight ball bearing forms a reverse force with the tightening direction of multiple bolts.

4. The polychromator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first lens barrel assembly is mounted on the inner wall of the optical path box by passing through the lens flange with a straight bolt and a rotating bolt, and the included angle is adjusted by turning the rotating bolt.

5. The polychromator according to any of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The first lens barrel assembly includes a dispersive element, an exit slit, and a detector. The dispersive element refracts or diffracts the light beam incident on the first lens barrel assembly. The exit slit selects light of a specific wavelength from the light beam to pass through. The detector receives the light of the specific wavelength.

6. The multichromometer according to claim 5, characterized in that, The detector includes a first circuit board with a photodiode and an amplifier circuit fixed thereon, and a second circuit board with a temperature control circuit fixed thereon. The photodiode integrates a thermistor and a thermoelectric cooler. The output terminal of the photodiode is connected to the input terminal of the amplifier circuit; The thermistor and the thermoelectric cooler are connected to the second circuit board via wires.

7. The polychromator of claim 1, wherein, The polychromator also includes a second mirror tube assembly, which includes an optical fiber adapter and an entrance slit. The fiber optic adapter is connected to the fiber optic assembly, wherein the plane where the incident slit is located has an angle with the inner wall of the optical path box, and the angle controls the angle at which the light beam enters the optical path box.

8. The multichromometer according to claim 7, characterized in that, The polychromator also includes an optical fiber assembly connected to an optical fiber, wherein the optical fiber transmits a beam of light from a nuclear fusion reactor.

9. A plasma diagnostic system, characterized in that, Including the polychromator as described in any one of claims 1-8.

10. A fusion reaction system characterized by, It includes a nuclear fusion reactor and a plasma diagnostic system as described in claim 9.

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