A power battery system and its exhaust box

Abstract

This application provides a power battery system and its exhaust enclosure, relating to the field of battery pack safety technology. The exhaust enclosure of the power battery system includes: two or more first receiving cavities stacked along a first direction, each first receiving cavity for accommodating a battery pack; each first receiving cavity includes a second receiving cavity, a third receiving cavity, and a fourth receiving cavity; the second and third receiving cavities are sealed and isolated from each other, and are arranged front and rear; the fourth receiving cavity is located on both sides of the third receiving cavity, gas-isolated from the second receiving cavity but gas-connected to the third receiving cavity; first through holes are provided at both ends of the fourth receiving cavity, allowing gas communication between the stacked fourth receiving cavities along the first direction; and exhaust vents are provided in the fourth receiving cavities located at the bottom and / or top of the enclosure body. The exhaust enclosure allows each battery pack to exhaust smoke in a directional and orderly manner, and the exhaust vents are located at the top or bottom of the exhaust enclosure, preventing smoke from entering the vehicle interior and improving safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of battery pack safety technology, and in particular to a power battery system and its exhaust box. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, commercial vehicle power battery systems are typically located on the longitudinal beams of the chassis behind the cab, either on the outside or inside of the beams. When the battery experiences thermal runaway due to overcharging, over-discharging, short circuits, or high temperatures, it releases a large amount of high-temperature toxic fumes.

[0003] In existing designs, these fumes are primarily discharged directly through the battery pack pressure relief valve. However, due to the lack of effective fume control measures, the discharged high-temperature toxic gases may be directly sprayed towards the passenger compartment or seep into the passenger compartment through weakly sealed areas such as air conditioning vents, doors, windows, and wiring harness holes, seriously threatening the health and safety of passengers. Furthermore, the battery pack typically lacks an independent exhaust duct, allowing the discharged fumes to easily accumulate around the passenger compartment and seep into the vehicle, further exacerbating safety risks.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a power battery system and its exhaust box that can block the infiltration of smoke from the source and improve safety. Utility Model Content

[0005] This application provides a power battery system and its exhaust box to solve the problem that exhaust fumes tend to accumulate around the cockpit and seep into the vehicle, thereby reducing safety risks.

[0006] In a first aspect, this application provides a smoke exhaust box for a power battery system, including a main body. The main body includes two or more first accommodating cavities stacked along a first direction. The first accommodating cavities are used to accommodate battery packs. Each battery pack has a pack body and a pressure relief valve connected to the front end of the pack body. The first direction is the direction in which the battery packs are stacked. The first accommodating cavities include a second accommodating cavity, a third accommodating cavity, and a fourth accommodating cavity. The second and third accommodating cavities are sealed and isolated from each other. The second and third accommodating cavities are arranged one after the other, such that the second accommodating cavity can accommodate the pack body and the third accommodating cavity can accommodate the pressure relief valve. The fourth accommodating cavities are located on both sides of the third accommodating cavity, are gas-isolated from the second accommodating cavity, and are in gas communication with the third accommodating cavity. Along the first direction, the walls of adjacent fourth accommodating cavities are abutted against each other, and the walls of adjacent fourth accommodating cavities are provided with first through holes, so that the fourth accommodating cavities stacked along the first direction are in gas communication. The fourth accommodating cavities located at the bottom and / or top of the main body have smoke exhaust ports.

[0007] Through the above scheme, the second receiving cavity (pack body) and the third receiving cavity (pressure relief valve) are sealed and isolated, ensuring that during pressure relief, flue gas is discharged only through the third receiving cavity and does not contaminate the battery pack body. The fourth receiving cavity is gas-isolated from the second receiving cavity to prevent flue gas from diffusing to other battery packs and avoid cascading thermal runaway. The fourth receiving cavities along the first direction (battery pack stacking direction) are connected in series through the first through hole, forming a "chimney effect," utilizing the buoyancy of high-temperature flue gas to accelerate its discharge without the need for an additional power device. Each third and fourth receiving cavity forms a corresponding exhaust channel for the battery pack, enabling directional and orderly exhaust, greatly improving exhaust efficiency. The pressure relief valve is directly opposite the third receiving cavity, allowing flue gas to directly enter the exhaust channel, avoiding eddy current retention within the battery pack and reducing the impact of heat accumulation on adjacent cells. When a battery pack experiences thermal runaway, the high-temperature toxic fumes released by the corresponding battery pack flow through the third containment chamber to the fourth containment chamber, and are then discharged from the exhaust port. The exhaust port is located at the top or bottom of the enclosure, away from areas prone to leakage such as the driver's cab, air conditioning inlets, door / window gaps, wiring harness holes, and drainage holes. Furthermore, the enclosure is open and unobstructed on all sides, which can prevent the accumulation and backflow of fumes, further improving the safety of commercial vehicles.

[0008] In one possible design, a second through hole is provided between the second and third accommodating cavities, and a first seal is provided between the second through hole and the pressure relief valve. The first seal is used to isolate the gas between the second and third accommodating cavities.

[0009] With the above solution, once the pressure relief valve is opened, it will rupture or pop open instantly under the set pressure difference. The first seal only allows thermal runaway flue gas to enter the third containment cavity in one direction, preventing high-pressure shock waves from flowing back into the battery pack, reducing the probability of secondary damage to the battery cells, and improving safety.

[0010] In one possible design, a second seal is provided between adjacent third accommodating cavities along a first direction, the second seal being used to isolate gas between the third accommodating cavities.

[0011] Through the above scheme, the second seal completely airtightly isolates the upper and lower third containment cavities, ensuring that in the event of thermal runaway of a single battery pack, high-temperature, toxic, and charged particulate fumes can only flow laterally into the fourth containment cavity (exhaust channel) of this layer, and will not spread into other battery packs along the stacking direction, thus blocking the "vertical chimney effect" and significantly reducing the probability of thermal propagation of the entire cluster. Because the longitudinal direction is isolated, the fumes can only enter the fourth containment cavity of this layer along the designed lateral path, and then be discharged through the top / bottom exhaust ports, achieving precise control of "single-layer thermal runaway - single-layer exhaust", improving the capture efficiency of the external exhaust system, and reducing the number and size of exhaust ports. The second seal transforms the "vertically connected pressure relief cavity" into an "independent and controllable single-layer pressure relief unit", achieving zero longitudinal crosstalk and precise lateral exhaust in thermal runaway scenarios, which is a key isolation design for improving the safety redundancy of the entire battery pack. At the same time, the fact that the third containment cavities of each layer are not interconnected can also prevent the diffusion of humid or corrosive gases in the stacking direction, avoiding long-term exposure of pressure relief valves / sensors of adjacent layers to harsh microenvironments, improving lifespan and signal accuracy.

[0012] In one possible design, the exhaust port is located at the bottom or top of the fourth receiving cavity, wherein the exhaust port is located at the bottom of the fourth receiving cavity located at the bottom of the main body of the box; and the exhaust port is located at the top of the fourth receiving cavity located at the top of the main body of the box.

[0013] With the above design, the bottom exhaust vents face downwards, preventing rainwater and road surface water from flowing back; the top exhaust vents face upwards, keeping them away from dust kicked up by wheels and water splashed onto the chassis. The location and number of exhaust vents can be chosen based on actual needs. For example, top-mounted exhaust vents may be more suitable for buses and vans, integrated with the roof exhaust fan or fairing, while bottom-mounted exhaust vents may be more suitable for SUVs and pickup trucks, sharing openings with the chassis skid plate or air deflector without taking up additional interior space.

[0014] In one possible design, the thickness direction of the third receiving cavity is aligned with the protrusion direction of the pressure relief valve relative to the body portion, and the thickness of the third receiving cavity is at least twice the protrusion height of the pressure relief valve relative to the body portion.

[0015] Through the above design, the thickness of the third receiving cavity is at least twice the height of the pressure relief valve protruding relative to the battery pack body. This ensures that during battery pack installation, vibration, or thermal expansion, there is always a safe clearance of ≥1 times the height of the pressure relief valve between the valve and the inner wall of the third receiving cavity, preventing the valve from being deformed by impact, leading to accidental opening or sealing failure. Simultaneously, it guarantees sufficient space for the pressure relief valve to open, as well as sufficient space for airflow expansion when the valve opens, reducing the impact on the inner wall of the third receiving cavity.

[0016] In one possible design, the thickness direction of the fourth cavity is the same as that of the third cavity, and the thickness of the fourth cavity is greater than that of the third cavity.

[0017] The above scheme increases the effective flow area within the fourth cavity by making the thickness of the fourth cavity greater than that of the third cavity. Furthermore, the expansion design of the fourth cavity increases the cross-sectional area of ​​the flue gas flow within it, thereby reducing the airflow velocity and minimizing turbulence noise and mechanical vibration during exhaust.

[0018] In one possible design, the second, third, and fourth receiving cavities are integrated into a single structure.

[0019] The above solution integrates the "second cavity (the cavity where the package is located) + third cavity (the cavity where the pressure relief valve is located) + fourth cavity (the smoke exhaust channel)" into a single integrated structure, that is, the three cavities share a common wall and are formed in one piece. All internal partitions and smoke exhaust channels are made of continuous metal, which completely eliminates the smoke leakage points caused by assembly welds and rubber strips, and improves the life of the power battery system smoke exhaust box.

[0020] In one possible design, two or more first receiving cavities stacked along a first direction form a group, and multiple groups of two or more first receiving cavities stacked along the first direction are arranged.

[0021] Through the above scheme, a single group can stand alone as a "battery cluster," and multiple groups arranged in parallel can linearly expand capacity like a "drawer." When upgrading the vehicle's battery capacity, only the number of groups needs to be increased or decreased, without redesigning the casing structure. Each group retains its original exhaust, sealing, and pressure relief logic, ensuring that capacity expansion does not compromise the original safety boundaries. Groups are completely isolated from each other by solid partitions or independent shells, forming a "vertical multi-chimney" structure. In the event of thermal runaway in any group, its high-temperature exhaust gas will only be discharged vertically in the fourth containment chamber of that group, preventing lateral intrusion into adjacent groups, thus improving both battery pack capacity and safety.

[0022] In one possible design, the third cavity is also provided with multiple support structures, which are arranged along or perpendicular to the first direction; the fourth cavity is also provided with functional wiring or interface structures for the power battery system.

[0023] Through the above scheme, the supporting structure connects the upper and lower walls of the third cavity into a truss or rib-like support structure, which can improve the rigidity of the third cavity. Furthermore, when the pressure relief valve opens, a shock wave may be generated; the supporting structure can disperse the shock wave, reducing the risk of plastic deformation of the third cavity wall. The supporting structure, perpendicular to the first direction, can guide the flue gas straight into the fourth cavity. The fourth cavity also houses functional wiring or interface structures for the power battery system, which can improve the space utilization of the battery pack enclosure and simultaneously serve to exhaust smoke.

[0024] Secondly, this application provides a power battery system, including a battery pack and an exhaust box as described in any of the first aspects above.

[0025] The beneficial effects of the power battery system provided in the second aspect and the various possible designs of the second aspect can be found in the first aspect and the various possible implementations of the first aspect, and will not be repeated here.

[0026] The above description is merely an overview of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application. In order to better understand the technical means of the embodiments of this application and to implement them in accordance with the contents of the specification, and to make the above and other objects, features and advantages of the embodiments of this application more obvious and understandable, specific implementation methods of this application are described below. Attached Figure Description

[0027] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the exhaust box of the power battery system provided in one embodiment of this application.

[0029] Figure 2 for Figure 1 The front view.

[0030] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A cross-sectional view along the AA direction.

[0031] Figure 4 for Figure 1 Top view.

[0032] Figure 5 for Figure 4 Cross-sectional view along the BB direction.

[0033] Figure 6 A schematic diagram showing the structure of the battery pack placement is provided in the third receiving cavity of the power battery system exhaust box provided in one embodiment of this application.

[0034] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the structure of the exhaust box of the power battery system provided in one embodiment of this application is shown by opening the topmost first receiving cavity and removing it to reveal the structure of the first through hole.

[0035] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0036] Box body 10; package part 20; pressure relief valve 21; first through hole 141; smoke outlet 110; first receiving cavity 100; second receiving cavity 120; third receiving cavity 130; fourth receiving cavity 140; first seal 211; second seal 212; first direction z, second direction y, third direction x. Detailed Implementation

[0037] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0038] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains; the terminology used herein in the specification of the application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the application; the terms “comprising” and “having”, and any variations thereof, in the specification, claims and drawings of this application are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion.

[0039] The term "embodiment" as used herein means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of the phrase "embodiment" in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0040] In this article, the term "and / or" is merely a description of the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can mean: A exists, A and B exist simultaneously, or B exists. Additionally, the character " / " in this article generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

[0041] The directional terms appearing in the following description refer to the directions shown in the figures and are not intended to limit the specific structure of this application. For example, in the description of this application, the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the figures. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this application.

[0042] Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification and claims of this application or in the aforementioned drawings are used to distinguish different objects rather than to describe a specific order, and may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features.

[0043] In the description of this application, unless otherwise stated, "multiple" means two or more (including two), and similarly, "multiple groups" means two or more (including two groups).

[0044] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, "connection" or "joining" in mechanical structures can refer to a physical connection, such as a fixed connection, for example, a connection fixed by a partition, such as a connection fixed by screws, bolts, or other partitions; a physical connection can also be a detachable connection, such as a snap-fit ​​or interlocking connection; a physical connection can also be an integral connection, such as a connection formed by welding, bonding, or integral molding. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application based on the specific circumstances.

[0045] As the background technology shows, when the power battery of a commercial vehicle goes out of control, high-temperature fumes are discharged from the pressure relief valve. The pressure relief valve may be directly facing the driver's cabin, and toxic gases may be directly injected into the passenger area. Furthermore, the pressure relief port may also be close to the air conditioning system air inlet or the door, window, wiring harness hole, drain hole, etc., where the seal is not tight or is prone to aging and damage. High-temperature toxic gases may directly enter the driver's cabin.

[0046] Related technologies aim to address the risk of high-temperature fumes infiltrating the cockpit or passenger compartment at the design stage, thereby providing occupants with more time for physiological escape. For example, independent smoke exhaust ducts are installed outside the vehicle's enclosure. However, this design can easily lead to fumes accumulating around the cockpit and then seeping into the vehicle. Existing designs only meet the national standard's 5-minute escape requirement and cannot completely eliminate the danger. Safety redundancy should not merely focus on meeting parameter standards but should prevent the possibility of toxic gas infiltration from the engineering design stage.

[0047] In view of this, embodiments of this application provide a power battery system and its exhaust box. The exhaust box includes a main body, which includes two or more first accommodating cavities stacked along a first direction. The first accommodating cavities are used to accommodate battery packs. Each battery pack has a pack body and a pressure relief valve connected to the front end of the pack body. The first direction is the direction in which the battery packs are stacked. The first accommodating cavities include a second accommodating cavity, a third accommodating cavity, and a fourth accommodating cavity. The second and third accommodating cavities are sealed and isolated from each other. The second and third accommodating cavities are arranged one after the other, such that the second accommodating cavity can accommodate the pack body and the third accommodating cavity can accommodate the pressure relief valve. The fourth accommodating cavities are located on both sides of the third accommodating cavity, are gas-isolated from the second accommodating cavity, and are in gas communication with the third accommodating cavity. Along the first direction, the walls of adjacent fourth accommodating cavities are abutted against each other, and the walls of adjacent fourth accommodating cavities are provided with first through holes, so that the fourth accommodating cavities stacked along the first direction are in gas communication. The fourth accommodating cavities located at the bottom and / or top of the main body have exhaust ports. The exhaust paths formed by each third and fourth containment chamber enable directional and orderly exhaust, greatly improving exhaust efficiency. When a battery pack experiences thermal runaway, the high-temperature toxic fumes released by the corresponding battery pack flow through the third containment chamber to the fourth containment chamber. Multiple stacked fourth containment chambers form an exhaust channel, allowing the fumes to be discharged from the exhaust ports at the top or bottom of the main body of the vehicle, thus improving the safety of commercial vehicles.

[0048] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0049] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the exhaust box of the power battery system provided in this embodiment. Figure 2 for Figure 1 The front view. Figure 3 for Figure 2 A cross-sectional view along the AA direction. Figure 4 for Figure 1 Top view. Figure 5 for Figure 4 Cross-sectional view along the BB direction. Please refer to... Figures 1 to 5This application provides a power battery system exhaust box, including a box body 10. The box body 10 includes two or more first receiving cavities 100 stacked along a first direction z. The first receiving cavity 100 is used to receive a battery pack. The battery pack has a pack body 20 and a pressure relief valve 21 connected to the front end of the pack body 20. The first direction z is the direction in which the battery packs are stacked.

[0050] The main body 10 of the box can be a cube with six faces: top, bottom, left, right, front, and back. The first direction z is the up-down direction, the front-back direction is the second direction y, and the left-right direction is the third direction x.

[0051] Two or more first receiving cavities 100 stacked along the first direction z are grouped together. The main body 10 of the box can have multiple groups of two or more first receiving cavities 100 stacked along the first direction z. A single group can be an independent "battery cluster", and multiple groups can be arranged side by side to linearly expand the capacity like a "drawer". When the battery capacity of the whole vehicle is upgraded, only the number of groups needs to be increased or decreased, without the need to redesign the box structure.

[0052] The first receiving cavity 100 includes a second receiving cavity 120, a third receiving cavity 130, and a fourth receiving cavity 140. The second receiving cavity 120 and the third receiving cavity 130 are sealed and isolated from each other. The second receiving cavity 120 and the third receiving cavity 130 are arranged one after the other, such that the second receiving cavity 120 can accommodate the battery pack 20, and the third receiving cavity 130 can accommodate the pressure relief valve 21. That is, the second receiving cavity 120 and the third receiving cavity 130 are arranged in the second direction y, and the second receiving cavity 120 (battery pack 20) ​​and the third receiving cavity 130 (pressure relief valve 21) are sealed and isolated to ensure that when the pressure relief valve 21 releases pressure, the flue gas is discharged only through the third receiving cavity 130 and does not contaminate the battery pack 20.

[0053] Figure 6 The structure of the power battery system exhaust box provided in this embodiment is shown by opening the third receiving cavity 130 to display the structural diagram of the battery pack placement. Figure 7 The structure of the exhaust box of the power battery system provided in this embodiment is shown by opening the topmost first receiving cavity 100 and removing it, revealing a structural schematic diagram of the first through hole 141. Please refer to... Figure 6 and Figure 7 The fourth receiving cavity 140 is located on both sides of the third receiving cavity 130, is gas-isolated from the second receiving cavity 120 and forms gas communication with the third receiving cavity 130; along the first direction z, the walls of adjacent fourth receiving cavities 140 are attached to each other, and the walls of adjacent fourth receiving cavities 140 are provided with first through holes 141, so that the fourth receiving cavities 140 stacked along the first direction z are gas-communicationd; a smoke exhaust port 110 is provided on the fourth receiving cavity 140 located at the bottom and / or top of the box body 10.

[0054] It is understandable that the walls of adjacent fourth accommodating cavities 140 are fitted together, which can be understood as two adjacent fourth accommodating cavities 140 sharing the same partition, or two adjacent fourth accommodating cavities 140 being directly fitted together without any gap.

[0055] In some embodiments, the adjacent fourth accommodating cavities 140 along the first direction z can be connected by a structure that enables vertical connection between adjacent fourth accommodating cavities 140, thereby forming a smoke exhaust channel for flue gas flow.

[0056] The fourth receiving cavity 140 is gas-isolated from the second receiving cavity 120 to prevent flue gas from diffusing to other battery packs and avoid cascading thermal runaway. The fourth receiving cavities 140 along the first direction z (battery pack stacking direction) are connected in series through the first through-hole 141, forming a "chimney effect," utilizing the buoyancy of high-temperature flue gas to accelerate its discharge without the need for an additional power unit. The exhaust channels formed by each third receiving cavity 130 and the fourth receiving cavity 140 enable directional and orderly exhaust, greatly improving exhaust efficiency. The pressure relief valve 21 is directly opposite the third receiving cavity 130, allowing flue gas to directly enter the exhaust channel, avoiding eddy currents and stagnation within the battery pack and reducing the impact of heat accumulation on adjacent cells. When a battery pack experiences thermal runaway, the high-temperature toxic fumes released by the corresponding battery pack flow through the third containment chamber 130 to the fourth containment chamber 140, and are then discharged from the exhaust port 110. The exhaust port 110 is located at the top or bottom of the enclosure, away from areas prone to leakage such as the driver's cab, air conditioning inlets, door / window gaps, wiring harness holes, and drainage holes. Furthermore, the enclosure is open and unobstructed on all sides, which can prevent the accumulation and backflow of fumes, further improving the safety of commercial vehicles.

[0057] In some embodiments, the exhaust port 110 located at the top of the main body 10 may be equipped with a one-way valve (such as a gravity flap) to prevent rainwater from flowing back in.

[0058] Please continue to refer to this. Figure 5 and Figure 6 In this embodiment, a second through hole is provided between the second receiving cavity 120 and the third receiving cavity 130. The pressure relief valve 21 passes through the second through hole into the third receiving cavity 130. A first sealing member 211 is provided between the second through hole and the pressure relief valve 21. The first sealing member 211 is used to isolate the gas between the second receiving cavity 120 and the third receiving cavity 130.

[0059] The second receiving cavity 120 and the third receiving cavity 130 are used to hold the battery pack. The pack body 20 and the pressure relief valve 21 on the pack body 20 are integrally connected. The pressure relief valve 21 passes through the second through hole into the third receiving cavity 130. The first sealing element 211 is provided to prevent the flue gas emitted by the pressure relief valve 21 from flowing back into the second receiving cavity 120.

[0060] Through the above embodiments, once the pressure relief valve 21 is opened, it will rupture or pop open instantly under the set pressure difference. The first seal 211 only allows thermal runaway flue gas to enter the third accommodating cavity 130 in one direction, preventing high-pressure shock waves from flowing back into the battery pack, reducing the probability of secondary damage to the battery cell, and improving safety.

[0061] In this embodiment, a second sealing member 212 is provided between adjacent third receiving cavities 130 along the first direction z. The second sealing member 212 is used to isolate the gas between the third receiving cavities 130.

[0062] In some embodiments, a second seal 212 is disposed between first receiving cavities 100 adjacent along a first direction z to ensure gas isolation between third receiving cavities 130 adjacent along the first direction z.

[0063] The second seal 212 can be made of high-temperature resistant foamed silicone strip of the same material as the battery pack shell, which can provide a permanent seal with one compression and requires no maintenance. The design of the second seal 212 has a shock absorption function. It is set between the adjacent first receiving cavity 100, which can reduce the shear force on the pressure relief valve 21 during transportation or vehicle bumps and improve reliability.

[0064] Through the above implementation, the second seal 212 completely and airtightly isolates the upper and lower third accommodating cavities 130, ensuring that in the event of thermal runaway of a single battery pack, high-temperature, toxic, and charged particulate fumes can only flow laterally into the fourth accommodating cavity 140 (exhaust channel) of this layer, and will not enter other battery packs along the stacking direction, thus blocking the "vertical chimney effect" and significantly reducing the probability of thermal propagation of the entire cluster. Because the longitudinal direction is isolated, the fumes can only enter the fourth accommodating cavity 140 of this layer along the designed lateral path, and then be discharged through the top / bottom exhaust ports 110, achieving precise control of "single-layer thermal runaway - single-layer exhaust", improving the collection efficiency of the external exhaust system, and reducing the number and size of the exhaust ports 110. The second seal 212 transforms the "vertically connected pressure relief cavity" into an "independent and controllable single-layer pressure relief unit", achieving zero longitudinal crosstalk and precise lateral exhaust in thermal runaway scenarios, which is a key isolation design for improving the safety redundancy of the entire battery pack. Meanwhile, the third accommodating cavities 130 of each layer are not interconnected, which can also prevent the spread of humid or corrosive gases in the stacking direction, avoid the pressure relief valves 21 / sensors of adjacent layers from being exposed to harsh micro-environments for a long time, and improve lifespan and signal accuracy.

[0065] In this embodiment, the exhaust port 110 is located at the bottom or top of the fourth receiving cavity 140. Specifically, the exhaust port 110 is located at the bottom of the fourth receiving cavity 140 located at the bottom of the box body 10; and the exhaust port 110 is located at the top of the fourth receiving cavity 140 located at the top of the box body 10.

[0066] The smoke exhaust port 110 can be located at the end of the fourth receiving cavity 140 (e.g. Figure 4 Alternatively, it can be arranged circumferentially along the fourth receiving cavity 140 (e.g., Figure 6 It can be configured according to specific installation requirements to facilitate the smooth discharge of flue gas outside the vehicle.

[0067] In the above embodiments, the bottom exhaust vent 110 faces downwards, making it difficult for rainwater and road surface water to flow backwards; the top exhaust vent 110 faces upwards, keeping it away from dust from wheels and water splashing from the chassis. The location and number of exhaust vents 110 can be selected according to actual needs. For example, top exhaust may be more suitable for buses and vans, with an integrated design with the roof exhaust fan or fairing; bottom exhaust may be more suitable for SUVs and pickup trucks, sharing an opening with the chassis skid plate or air deflector, without taking up additional interior space.

[0068] You can continue to refer to this. Figure 3 In this embodiment, the thickness direction of the third receiving cavity 130 is consistent with the protrusion direction of the pressure relief valve 21 relative to the package portion 20, and the thickness of the third receiving cavity 130 is at least twice the protrusion height of the pressure relief valve 21 relative to the package portion 20.

[0069] The height direction of the pressure relief valve 21 is the second direction y, and the thickness direction of the third receiving cavity 130 is the second direction y.

[0070] Through the above embodiments, the thickness of the third receiving cavity 130 is at least twice the protrusion height of the pressure relief valve 21 relative to the package body 20. This ensures that when the battery pack is installed, vibrates, or thermally expands, there is always a safe gap of ≥1 times the height of the pressure relief valve 21 between it and the inner wall of the third receiving cavity 130, preventing the pressure relief valve 21 from being deformed by impact, leading to accidental opening or sealing failure. At the same time, it ensures the opening space of the pressure relief valve 21, as well as the expansion space of the airflow when the pressure relief valve 21 opens, reducing the impact on the inner wall of the third receiving cavity 130.

[0071] In this embodiment, the thickness direction of the fourth receiving cavity 140 is consistent with the thickness direction of the third receiving cavity 130, and the thickness of the fourth receiving cavity 140 is greater than the thickness of the third receiving cavity 130.

[0072] It is understandable that the thickness direction of the fourth receiving cavity 140 is the second direction y.

[0073] In the above implementation, the thickness of the fourth receiving cavity 140 is greater than that of the third receiving cavity 130, which increases the effective flow area within the fourth receiving cavity 140. Furthermore, the expansion design of the fourth receiving cavity 140 increases the cross-sectional area of ​​flue gas flow within the fourth receiving cavity 140, thereby reducing the airflow velocity within the fourth receiving cavity 140 and reducing turbulent noise and mechanical vibration during smoke exhaust.

[0074] In this embodiment, the second receiving cavity 120, the third receiving cavity 130 and the fourth receiving cavity 140 can be configured as an integral structure. Furthermore, the materials of the second receiving cavity 120, the third receiving cavity 130 and the fourth receiving cavity 140 can be high-temperature resistant materials (such as ceramic fiber pads). Even if they age over a long period of time or are slightly damaged, the third receiving cavity 130 and the fourth receiving cavity 140 can still maintain their smoke exhaust function.

[0075] Through the above embodiments, the "second receiving cavity 120 (the cavity where the package part 20 is located) + third receiving cavity 130 (the cavity where the pressure relief valve 21 is located) + fourth receiving cavity 140 (the smoke exhaust channel)" are made into an integrated structure, that is, the three cavities share the same wall and are formed in one piece. All internal partitions and smoke exhaust channels are made of continuous metal, which completely eliminates the smoke leakage points caused by assembly welds and rubber strips, and improves the life of the smoke exhaust box of the power battery system.

[0076] When multiple battery clusters are present, each cluster retains its original exhaust, sealing, and pressure relief logic, ensuring that capacity expansion does not compromise the original safety boundaries. Clusters are completely isolated from each other by solid partitions or independent casings, forming a "vertical multi-chimney" structure. In the event of thermal runaway in any cluster, its high-temperature exhaust gases are only vertically discharged from the fourth containment chamber 140° within that cluster, preventing lateral intrusion into adjacent clusters. This enhances both battery pack capacity and safety.

[0077] In some embodiments, the third receiving cavity 130 may also be provided with a plurality of support structures, which are arranged along the first direction z or perpendicular to the first direction z; the fourth receiving cavity 140 may also be provided with functional circuit or interface structures of the power battery system.

[0078] Through the above embodiments, the support structure connects the upper and lower walls of the third receiving cavity 130 into a truss or rib-like support structure, which can improve the rigidity of the third receiving cavity 130. Furthermore, when the pressure relief valve 21 opens, a shock wave may be generated; the support structure can disperse the shock wave, reducing the risk of plastic deformation of the walls of the third receiving cavity 130. The support structure, perpendicular to the first direction z, can guide the flue gas straight towards the fourth receiving cavity 140. The fourth receiving cavity 140 also houses functional wiring or interface structures for the power battery system, which can improve the space utilization of the battery pack housing and simultaneously serve to exhaust smoke.

[0079] Based on the above embodiments, this application also provides a power battery system, including multiple battery packs and the exhaust box of the power battery system in any of the above embodiments.

[0080] A battery pack is a unit integrated from modules or cells (CTP / CTC solutions). Multiple battery packs in a power battery system can increase capacity. Each battery pack has an independent pressure relief channel; uncontrolled exhaust gas from a single battery pack is only discharged from that pack / column and will not affect adjacent battery packs laterally or longitudinally.

[0081] Since the exhaust box of the power battery system and its beneficial effects have been described in detail in the previous embodiments, they will not be repeated here.

[0082] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. An exhaust box of a power battery system, characterized in that, Includes a box body, the box body comprising: Two or more first receiving cavities stacked along a first direction, the first receiving cavity being used to receive a battery pack, the battery pack having a pack body and a pressure relief valve connected to the front end of the pack body, the first direction being the direction in which the battery packs are stacked; The first receiving cavity includes a second receiving cavity, a third receiving cavity, and a fourth receiving cavity, wherein the second receiving cavity and the third receiving cavity are sealed and isolated from each other, and the second receiving cavity and the third receiving cavity are arranged one after the other, such that the second receiving cavity can accommodate the package portion, and the third receiving cavity can accommodate the pressure relief valve; The fourth receiving cavity is located on both sides of the third receiving cavity, is gas-isolated from the second receiving cavity, and is gas-connected to the third receiving cavity; Along the first direction, the walls of adjacent fourth accommodating cavities are fitted together, and the walls of adjacent fourth accommodating cavities are provided with first through holes, so that the gas can communicate between the fourth accommodating cavities stacked along the first direction. A smoke exhaust port is provided in the fourth receiving cavity located at the bottom and / or top of the main body of the box.

2. The smoke exhaust box according to claim 1, characterized in that, A second through hole is provided between the second receiving cavity and the third receiving cavity, and the pressure relief valve can pass through the second through hole into the third receiving cavity; a first sealing element is provided between the second through hole and the pressure relief valve, and the first sealing element is used to isolate the gas between the second receiving cavity and the third receiving cavity.

3. The smoke exhaust box according to claim 2, characterized in that, A second seal is provided between the adjacent third accommodating cavities along the first direction, the second seal being used to isolate the gas between the third accommodating cavities.

4. The smoke exhaust box according to claim 1, characterized in that, The exhaust port is located at the bottom or top of the fourth accommodating cavity. Specifically, in the fourth accommodating cavity located at the bottom of the main body of the box, the exhaust port is located at the bottom of the fourth accommodating cavity; in the fourth accommodating cavity located at the top of the main body of the box, the exhaust port is located at the top of the fourth accommodating cavity.

5. The smoke exhaust box according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness direction of the third accommodating cavity is consistent with the protrusion direction of the pressure relief valve relative to the package body, and the thickness of the third accommodating cavity is at least twice the protrusion height of the pressure relief valve relative to the package body.

6. The smoke exhaust box according to claim 5, characterized in that, The thickness direction of the fourth cavity is the same as that of the third cavity, and the thickness of the fourth cavity is greater than that of the third cavity.

7. The smoke exhaust box according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second, third, and fourth accommodating cavities are an integral structure.

8. The smoke exhaust box according to claim 1, characterized in that, Two or more first receiving cavities stacked along a first direction constitute a group, and multiple groups of two or more first receiving cavities stacked along a first direction are arranged.

9. The smoke exhaust box according to claim 1, characterized in that, The third cavity is also provided with multiple support structures, which are arranged along or perpendicular to the first direction; the fourth cavity is also provided with functional circuits or interface structures for the power battery system.

10. A power battery system, characterized in that, It includes two or more battery packs and the exhaust box as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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