Charging protection module and device to be charged

Abstract

This disclosure relates to a charging protection module and a device to be charged. The charging protection module includes a charging protection chip having a first connection pin, a second connection pin, and a charging protection circuit; the first connection pin is electrically connected to a power pin of a charging interface, and the second connection pin is electrically connected to the charging chip; the charging protection circuit is electrically connected to both the first and second connection pins and is provided with multiple protection components having different circuit protection functions. By incorporating a charging protection chip integrating multiple protection components into the charging interface and the charging chip, this disclosure effectively improves various circuit abnormalities during the charging process while reducing the board area and wiring complexity of the circuit design.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of charging technology, and in particular to a charging protection module and a device to be charged. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid development of electronic products, devices such as mobile phones, tablets, and watches are gradually being used in various scenarios such as life and production; these devices are all equipped with charging ports, and external power sources can power these devices through the charging ports.

[0003] As charging technology improves, the supported charging power increases, leading to higher voltage requirements for the power pins of the charging interface. This can cause various circuit anomalies between the power pins and the charging chip of the terminal device, such as voltage surge anomalies and overvoltage breakdown anomalies. Therefore, the protection technology of the charging interface has become an urgent problem to be solved and improved in the wired charging field. Utility Model Content

[0004] To overcome the problems existing in related technologies, this disclosure provides a charging protection module and a device to be charged. The embodiments of this disclosure, by incorporating a charging protection chip integrating multiple protection components in the charging interface and the charging chip, can effectively improve various circuit abnormalities during the charging process while reducing the board area of ​​the circuit design and lowering wiring complexity.

[0005] According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, a charging protection module is provided, the charging protection module comprising:

[0006] The charging protection chip has a first connection pin, a second connection pin, and a charging protection circuit.

[0007] The first connection pin is electrically connected to the power pin of the charging interface, and the second connection pin is electrically connected to the charging chip.

[0008] The charging protection circuit is electrically connected to the first connection pin and the second connection pin respectively, and is equipped with multiple protection components with different circuit protection functions.

[0009] In some embodiments, the protection component includes an overvoltage protection switch disposed on the connection line between the first connection pin and the second connection pin; wherein, when the overvoltage protection switch is in the closed state, the connection circuit between the first connection pin and the second connection pin is in the open state;

[0010] The charging protection circuit also includes:

[0011] The detection component is electrically connected to the first connection pin and is used to detect the charging voltage status of the charging protection circuit.

[0012] The control component is electrically connected to the detection component and the overvoltage protection switch, respectively, and is used to control the overvoltage protection switch to be in the closed state when there is an overvoltage abnormality in the charging voltage state.

[0013] In some embodiments, the detection component includes:

[0014] The first impedance element has one end connected to the connection line between the first connection pin and the overvoltage protection switch, and the other end grounded.

[0015] A comparator, electrically connected to the first impedance element, is used to output a first detection signal to the control component when the node voltage of the first impedance element exceeds a preset voltage threshold.

[0016] The first detection signal is used to indicate that the charging voltage state has the abnormal charging overvoltage.

[0017] In some embodiments, the charging protection circuit further includes:

[0018] A line selector includes a first input terminal, a second input terminal, and an output terminal;

[0019] The first input terminal is connected to one end of the first impedance element, the second input terminal is connected to the other end of the first impedance element, and the output terminal is connected to the comparator.

[0020] Specifically, when a first charging signal is input to the power pin, the connection line between the first input terminal and the output terminal is in a conducting state; when a second charging signal is input to the power pin, the connection line between the second input terminal and the output terminal is in a disconnected state; the voltage of the first charging signal is less than the voltage of the second charging signal.

[0021] In some embodiments, the protective component further includes a charge discharge element;

[0022] One end of the charge discharge element is disposed on the connection line between the first connection pin and the overvoltage protection switch; the other end of the charge discharge element is grounded.

[0023] The control component is electrically connected to the charge discharge element and is used to control the connection line between one end and the other end of the charge discharge element to be in a disconnected state when a second detection signal of a first level state is received; or to control the connection line between one end and the other end of the charge discharge element to be in a conducting state when a second detection signal of a second level state is received.

[0024] The first level state and the second level state are different, and the first level state indicates that the charging interface is electrically connected to the external power source, while the second level state indicates that the charging interface is electrically disconnected from the external power source.

[0025] In some embodiments, the charging protection module further includes:

[0026] A charging connection detection circuit is spaced apart from the charging chip and electrically connected to the power pin.

[0027] The third connection pin of the charging protection chip is electrically connected to the control component and the detection node of the charging connection detection circuit, respectively.

[0028] Specifically, when the connection state between the charging interface and the external power supply is different, the level state of the second detection signal transmitted between the detection node and the third connection pin is different.

[0029] In some embodiments, the first level is lower than the second level; the charging connection detection circuit includes: a signal source, a second impedance element, and a signal switch;

[0030] The signal switch includes a first connection terminal, a second connection terminal, and a control terminal;

[0031] The second impedance element is connected between the first connection terminal of the signal switch and the signal source, and the detection node is located on the connection line between the second impedance element and the first connection terminal;

[0032] The second connection terminal is grounded;

[0033] The control terminal is electrically connected to the power supply pin; the voltage level of the control terminal is different when the connection state between the charging interface and the external power supply is different.

[0034] The different level states of the control terminal are used to control the connection line between the first connection terminal and the second connection terminal to be in a conducting state or to control the connection line between the first connection terminal and the second connection terminal to be in a disconnected state.

[0035] In some embodiments, the signal switch includes an N-type field-effect transistor; the charging connection detection circuit further includes a first voltage divider element and a second voltage divider element;

[0036] The first voltage divider element and the second voltage divider element are connected in series between the power supply pin and the ground terminal;

[0037] The control terminal is connected to the connection line between the first voltage divider element and the second voltage divider element.

[0038] In some embodiments, the protection component includes a surge protection element;

[0039] One end of the surge protection element is connected to the connection line between the first connection pin and the second connection pin, and the other end of the surge protection element is grounded.

[0040] The surge protection element includes at least one of the following: a Schottky barrier diode, a protection resistor, and a field-effect transistor.

[0041] According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, a device to be charged is provided, the device to be charged comprising:

[0042] Charging port for connecting to an external power source;

[0043] A motherboard, on which a charging chip is provided, the charging chip being connected to the power supply component of the device to be charged;

[0044] The charging protection module is as described in the first aspect above; the first connection pin of the charging protection module is connected to the power pin of the charging interface, and the second connection pin of the charging protection module is connected to the charging chip.

[0045] The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this disclosure may include the following beneficial effects:

[0046] In this embodiment, a charging protection chip is provided between the power pin of the charging interface and the charging chip, and multiple protection components with different circuit protection functions are integrated in the charging protection chip. In this way, various circuit abnormalities that occur when charging and discharging using the charging interface can be effectively protected, thereby improving the safety of charging and discharging. Moreover, compared with connecting the protection components as discrete devices between the power pin and the charging chip through complex wiring, this embodiment integrates various protection components into the charging protection chip, which can effectively reduce the complexity of circuit connection and reduce the board area of ​​circuit design, thereby effectively improving the development efficiency of the charging protection structure.

[0047] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and are not intended to limit this disclosure. Attached Figure Description

[0048] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this disclosure.

[0049] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a charging protection module according to an exemplary embodiment;

[0050] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a charging protection circuit according to an exemplary embodiment;

[0051] Figure 3 This is a circuit diagram illustrating a charging connection detection circuit according to an exemplary embodiment;

[0052] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a circuit for charging protection proposed in related technologies;

[0053] Figure 5 This is a structural block diagram of a device to be charged according to an exemplary embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0054] Exemplary embodiments will now be described in detail, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description relates to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numerals in different drawings denote the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with this disclosure. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatuses and methods consistent with some aspects of this disclosure as detailed in the appended claims.

[0055] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the structure of a charging protection module according to an exemplary embodiment. For example... Figure 1 As shown, the charging protection module proposed in this disclosure includes:

[0056] The charging protection chip 1 has a first connection pin 11, a second connection pin 12 and a charging protection circuit 13;

[0057] The first connection pin 11 is electrically connected to the power pin 21 of the charging interface 2, and the second connection pin 12 is electrically connected to the charging chip 3.

[0058] The charging protection circuit 13 is electrically connected to the first connection pin 11 and the second connection pin 12 respectively, and is provided with multiple protection components with different circuit protection functions.

[0059] Here, the charging protection module proposed in this disclosure is installed at the charging interface of the device to be charged, and is applied in scenarios where an external power source provides wired charging to the device through the charging interface. The charging interface includes a Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface, and when the device to be charged is of different types, the USB interface can be any of a Type-C interface, a Lightning interface, a USB-A interface, or a USB-B interface.

[0060] In this embodiment, the USB interface has multiple pins, including but not limited to power pins (VBUS pin), ground pins (GND pin), signal receiving pins (TX+ and TX-), signal transmitting pins (RX+ and RX-), and identification pins (such as the CC pin in a Type-C interface). When the USB interface is connected to an external power source via a USB cable, the charging signal provided by the external power source is input to the device being charged through the VBUS pin.

[0061] The charging protection module includes a charging protection chip. The first connection pin of the charging protection chip is electrically connected to the VBUS pin and is used to receive the charging signal transmitted by the VBUS pin. After passing through the charging protection circuit in the charging protection chip, the charging signal is transmitted to the charging chip from the second connection pin (VOUT pin).

[0062] It should be noted that the charging chip is located on the motherboard and is electrically connected to the VBAT pin of the power supply component in the device to be charged. The charging chip can detect the current power level of the power supply component and adjust the signal parameters of the charging signal output from the second connection pin of the charging protection chip according to the current power level and the current charging mode, and then supply the adjusted signal to the power supply component for charging.

[0063] In this embodiment of the present disclosure, the charging protection circuit is disposed between the first connection pin and the second connection pin, and is integrated with multiple protection components. These protection components have different protection functions and can protect against various circuit abnormalities that may occur during the charging and discharging process.

[0064] In some examples, the current exceeding the maximum current limit may damage circuit components and cause charging failure; therefore, the above-mentioned protection component may include a current limiting protection component; wherein, the current limiting protection component is disposed on the connection line between the first connection pin and the second connection pin, including an adjustment switch and a shunt resistor; when the current between the first connection pin and the second connection pin exceeds the above-mentioned maximum current limit, the adjustment switch is turned on so that the shunt resistor is connected in series on the connection line between the first connection pin and the second connection pin, thereby reducing the circuit abnormality caused by excessive charging current through the shunt effect of the shunt resistor.

[0065] In other examples, excessively high charging temperatures may trigger various circuit problems such as short circuits and device meltdowns. Therefore, the aforementioned protection components may also include a temperature protection component. This temperature protection component includes a thermistor, which is positioned between the first connection pin and the ground terminal, close to the first connection pin. Since the thermistor's resistance is negatively correlated with temperature, when the charging temperature exceeds a temperature threshold, the thermistor's resistance decreases, directly guiding the signal flowing into the first connection pin to ground, thus blocking the charging process. When the temperature returns to below the temperature threshold, the thermistor's resistance increases, allowing the signal flowing into the first connection pin to flow normally to the second connection pin, thereby achieving normal charging.

[0066] In some other examples, the aforementioned protective components may also include a clamping element, which may be located in the charging protection circuit to provide electrostatic protection for the VBUS pin; wherein, when electrostatic discharge occurs, the clamping element can quickly clamp the high voltage to a lower safe voltage level to prevent the voltage from damaging the device.

[0067] Of course, in other examples, embodiments of this disclosure may also use isolation devices such as optocouplers to establish electrical isolation for the VBUS pin; or use transient voltage suppressor diodes (TVS) to implement positive and negative surge protection in the circuit.

[0068] In this embodiment, a charging protection chip is provided between the power pin of the charging interface and the charging chip, and multiple protection components with different circuit protection functions are integrated in the charging protection chip. In this way, various circuit abnormalities that occur when charging and discharging using the charging interface can be effectively protected, thereby improving the safety of charging and discharging. Moreover, compared with connecting the protection components as discrete devices between the power pin and the charging chip through complex wiring, this embodiment integrates various protection components into the charging protection chip, which can effectively reduce the complexity of circuit connection and reduce the board area of ​​circuit design, thereby effectively improving the development efficiency of the charging protection structure.

[0069] In some embodiments, see Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a charging protection circuit according to an exemplary embodiment; wherein the protection component includes an overvoltage protection switch 131, which is disposed on the connection line between the first connection pin 11 and the second connection pin 12; wherein, when the overvoltage protection switch 131 is in the closed state, the connection circuit between the first connection pin 11 and the second connection pin 12 is in the open state.

[0070] The aforementioned charging protection circuit 13 also includes:

[0071] The detection component 132 is electrically connected to the first connection pin 11 and is used to detect the charging voltage status of the charging protection circuit 13.

[0072] The control component 133 is electrically connected to the detection component 132 and the overvoltage protection switch 131 respectively, and is used to control the overvoltage protection switch 131 to be in the closed state when there is an overvoltage abnormality in the charging voltage state.

[0073] In this embodiment, an overvoltage protection (OVP) switch is connected in series on the connection line between the first connection pin and the second connection pin. When the OVP switch is in the closed state, the connection line between the first connection pin and the second connection pin is in the open state. At this time, the charging signal input from the USB interface cannot be transmitted to the device to be charged, that is, the charging process is interrupted by the disconnection of the charging protection circuit. When the OVP switch is in the open state, the connection line between the first connection pin and the second connection pin is in the closed state. At this time, the charging protection circuit guides the charging signal to flow into the device to be charged, realizing wired charging based on the USB interface.

[0074] OVP switches include, but are not limited to, transistor switches, MOSFET switches, and photoelectric switches. Taking a MOSFET switch as an example, the source and drain of the MOSFET are connected to the first connection pin and the second connection pin, respectively; the gate of the MOSFET is used to receive control signals, and based on the level state of the control signals, the connection or disconnection between the source and drain is realized, thereby realizing the connection or disconnection of the OVP switch.

[0075] It should be noted that, in order to achieve OVP (Out-of-Voltage Protection) in the charging protection circuit, this embodiment can implement OVP switch shutdown processing in case of overvoltage during charging. Therefore, this embodiment integrates a detection component and a control component in the charging protection circuit of the charging protection chip. Here, the detection component is connected to the first connection pin and can detect the charging voltage state of the charging protection circuit and output the detection result to the control component. The control component is connected to the OVP element, such as to the gate of a MOSFET switch, and outputs a control signal to the gate based on the detection result.

[0076] The detection component can directly detect the input voltage of the first connection pin, detect each circuit element in the charging protection circuit, or detect the output voltage at the second connection pin. By setting different voltage thresholds, it can determine whether there is an overvoltage problem in the charging voltage state at different locations, thereby determining whether there is an overvoltage abnormality in the charging protection circuit.

[0077] For example, in this embodiment of the present disclosure, detection components can be respectively set at the first detection pin and the second detection pin. If the detection result indicates that the input voltage of the first connection pin exceeds the first voltage threshold and the output voltage of the second connection pin exceeds the second voltage threshold (the second voltage threshold is less than the first voltage threshold), the control signal output by the control component can control the OVP switch to be in the closed state, thereby improving the problem of excessive charging voltage causing damage to the components in the charging protection circuit and the components in the charging chip.

[0078] Taking the aforementioned OVP switch as an N-type MOSFET (NMOS transistor) as an example, when the control component determines that there is an overvoltage abnormality in the charging voltage state, it outputs a low-level control signal, thus disconnecting the source and drain of the NMOS transistor and interrupting the charging process. Conversely, when the control component determines that there is no overvoltage abnormality, it outputs a high-level control signal, thus connecting the source and drain of the NMOS transistor and allowing charging to proceed normally.

[0079] In this embodiment, the charging protection circuit integrates a detection component, a control component, and an OVP (Overvoltage Protection) element. Thus, the OVP element can solve the problem of device damage and charging failure caused by abnormal charging overvoltage. Furthermore, by integrating the detection and control components into the charging protection chip, the wiring complexity of the detection and control components is reduced, saving layout space. Moreover, compared to configuring the detection and control scheme in the charging chip, this disclosure saves on transmission lines, thereby shortening the detection and control time of overvoltage protection and improving the efficiency of overvoltage protection. It also addresses the problem of large voltages entering the device under charging and damaging downstream devices due to long overvoltage protection detection and control times, effectively improving charging safety.

[0080] In some embodiments, combined with Figure 2 The aforementioned detection component 132 includes:

[0081] The first impedance element 132a has one end connected to the connection line between the first connection pin 11 and the overvoltage protection switch 131, and the other end grounded.

[0082] Comparator 132b is electrically connected to the first impedance element 132a and is used to output a first detection signal to the control component 133 when the node voltage of the first impedance element 132a exceeds a preset voltage threshold.

[0083] The first detection signal is used to indicate that there is an overvoltage abnormality in the charging voltage state.

[0084] Here, the first impedance element can be a resistive element or an inductive element, or a combination of a resistive element and an inductive element. This disclosure does not limit this.

[0085] Combination Figure 2 As shown, the connection line between the first connection pin 11 and the overvoltage protection switch 131 has a first connection node a, and the first impedance element 132a is connected between the first connection node a and the ground line.

[0086] Thus, when the charging interface is electrically connected to the external power supply, since the charging signal flows into the circuit branch where the first impedance element is located, the node voltage of the first impedance element can reflect the input voltage of the first charging pin, and the node voltage of the first impedance element is positively correlated with the input voltage.

[0087] Thus, in this embodiment of the present disclosure, a preset voltage threshold that matches the resistance value of the first impedance element can be set. By detecting the relationship between the node voltage of the first impedance element and the preset voltage threshold, it is possible to reflect whether there is an overvoltage abnormality in the input voltage.

[0088] It should be noted that the first resistor element mentioned above can also be used as surge protection in a charging protection circuit.

[0089] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the charging protection circuit may further include at least one first load element, such as a resistor or inductor; wherein the at least one first load element is connected between the first impedance element and the ground wire, and / or connected between the first impedance element and the aforementioned first connection node. For example, Figure 2 The example shows the first load elements R1 and R2.

[0090] Here, the impedance values ​​of the first load element and the first impedance element can be the same or different; in this embodiment of the disclosure, the first load element can be used as the first impedance element, and the first impedance element can also be used as the first load element. That is, the detection component can also use the node voltage of the first load element to determine whether there is an overvoltage charging abnormality.

[0091] In this embodiment of the present disclosure, the detection component further includes a comparator; the comparator includes two input terminals and one output terminal, the positive input terminals of the two input terminals are electrically connected to the first impedance element to obtain the node voltage of the first impedance element, the negative input terminals are connected to a reference voltage (the voltage value of the reference voltage is the same as the aforementioned preset voltage threshold), and the output terminal is connected to the control component; thus, when the node voltage is greater than the preset voltage threshold, the comparator can output a high-level first detection signal to the control component through the output terminal; when the node voltage is less than the preset voltage threshold, it can output a low-level third detection signal to the control component through the output terminal.

[0092] The control component can determine that there is an overvoltage abnormality in the charging voltage state when it receives the first detection signal, and then input a control signal to the OVP switch to make the OVP switch close; and when it receives the third detection signal, it controls the OVP switch to open.

[0093] In some examples, taking the aforementioned OVP switch as an NMOS transistor, an inverter can be included in the control component. When the comparator outputs a high-level first detection signal, the inverter can convert it to a low-level control signal, thus disconnecting the source and drain of the NMOS transistor and interrupting the charging process. Conversely, when the comparator outputs a low-level third detection signal, the inverter can convert it to a high-level control signal, thus establishing a connection between the source and drain of the NMOS transistor, allowing charging to proceed normally.

[0094] In other examples, taking the aforementioned OVP switch as a PMOS transistor, the control component can directly use the first or third detection signal output by the detection component as a control signal to control the PMOS transistor. Specifically, when the comparator outputs a high-level first detection signal, the control component inputs a high-level control signal to the gate of the PMOS transistor, disconnecting the source and drain and interrupting the charging process. Conversely, when the comparator outputs a low-level third detection signal, the control component inputs a low-level control signal to the gate of the PMOS transistor, maintaining connection between the source and drain and allowing normal charging.

[0095] This embodiment of the invention, by setting a first impedance element and a comparator in the charging protection chip, can quickly and accurately identify whether there is an overvoltage abnormality in the charging protection circuit. Compared with using a charging chip for overvoltage abnormality detection and control, this invention accelerates the detection and shutdown response rate of the OVP switch and effectively protects the safety of subsequent circuits.

[0096] In some embodiments, combined with Figure 2 The charging protection circuit 13 also includes:

[0097] The line selector 134 includes a first input terminal, a second input terminal, and an output terminal;

[0098] The first input terminal is connected to one end of the first impedance element 132a, the second input terminal is connected to the other end of the first impedance element 132a, and the output terminal is connected to the comparator.

[0099] Specifically, when the first charging signal is input to the power pin 21, the connection line between the first input terminal and the output terminal is in a conducting state; when the second charging signal is input to the power pin 21, the connection line between the second input terminal and the output terminal is in a disconnected state; the voltage of the first charging signal is less than the voltage of the second charging signal.

[0100] Here, with the continuous development and changes of USB interfaces, the acceptable input voltage range is also constantly increasing, which can adapt to wired charging with higher power and faster speed. For example, the embodiments of this disclosure can support 12V charging and 20V charging. Thus, in 12V charging mode, if the input voltage of the first connection pin exceeds 12.4V, it may cause damage to the subsequent circuit, that is, there is a charging overvoltage abnormality. In 20V charging mode, if the input voltage of the first connection pin exceeds 21.9V, it will also cause damage to the subsequent circuit, that is, there is a charging overvoltage abnormality.

[0101] Because the node voltages at the two ends of the first impedance element are different, and the node voltage at the end closer to the first connection pin is higher than the node voltage at the end closer to the ground wire; therefore, this embodiment of the present disclosure also sets a voltage with a preset resistance value based on the 12V charging mode and the 20V charging mode. In the 12V charging mode, the node voltage at the end of the first impedance element closer to the first connection pin should be less than the preset voltage threshold; in the 20V charging mode, the node voltage at the end of the first impedance element closer to the ground wire should also be less than the preset voltage threshold; if the above conditions are not met, an overvoltage charging abnormality occurs.

[0102] Thus, this disclosure provides a line selector; wherein, the first input terminal of the line selector is connected to one end of the first impedance element (the end near the first connection pin), the second input terminal is connected to the other end of the first impedance element (the end near the ground wire), and the output terminal is connected to the positive input terminal of a comparator. In this way, when a first charging signal is input to the power supply pin (e.g., the circuit is in 12V charging mode), the line selector can connect the first input terminal to the output terminal, so that the comparator can obtain the node voltage of the first impedance element near the first connection pin for overvoltage detection; when a second charging signal is input to the power supply pin (e.g., the circuit is in 20V charging mode), the line selector can connect the second input terminal to the output terminal, so that the comparator can obtain the node voltage of the first impedance element near the ground wire for overvoltage detection.

[0103] It should be noted that the above-mentioned 12V charging mode and 20V charging mode are only examples. The embodiments of this disclosure can also set more line selectors, first impedance elements and comparators, so that each line selector is connected to the end of a different first impedance element, thereby realizing overvoltage detection for other charging modes.

[0104] In this embodiment of the present disclosure, the charging protection chip is further provided with a fourth connection pin 14 (OVLO_SEL pin).

[0105] The fourth connection pin is electrically connected to the control terminal of the line selector and can output an indication signal to the control terminal of the line selector to indicate whether the output terminal of the line selector is connected to the first input terminal or the second input terminal. Here, the indication signal is used to indicate the current charging mode, that is, the magnitude of the charging signal input to the power pin. The indication signal input to the fourth connection pin can be generated by the charging chip or by other detection components at the USB interface, and this embodiment does not limit this.

[0106] The embodiments disclosed herein can detect overvoltage anomalies in different charging modes by setting a line selector, thereby improving the flexibility and comprehensiveness of overvoltage protection.

[0107] In some embodiments, combined with Figure 2 The aforementioned protective components also include a charge discharge element 135;

[0108] One end of the charge discharge element 135 is disposed on the connection line between the first connection pin 11 and the overvoltage protection switch 131; the other end of the charge discharge element 135 is grounded.

[0109] The control component 133, electrically connected to the charge discharge element 135, is used to control the connection line between one end and the other end of the charge discharge element 135 to be in a disconnected state when a second detection signal of a first level state is received; or to control the connection line between one end and the other end of the charge discharge element 135 to be in a conducting state when a second detection signal of a second level state is received.

[0110] The first level state and the second level state are different. The first level state indicates that the charging interface 2 is electrically connected to the external power supply, and the second level state indicates that the charging interface 2 is electrically disconnected from the external power supply.

[0111] Here, the charge discharge element includes a second load element R3 and a charge discharge switch K; wherein, the second load element R3 can be a resistive element or an inductive element, and the charge discharge switch K can be a transistor, a field-effect transistor, a Schottky barrier diode, etc. The second load element R3 can divide the voltage in the branch where the charge discharge switch is located, buffering the instantaneous impact of charge.

[0112] It should be noted that during USB charging, unplugging the USB port can cause a sudden change in charging voltage. If the accumulated charge on the USB port is not discharged in time, it may cause a momentary surge of high voltage, which could damage the USB port or internal circuitry of the device being charged, or cause electric shock to the user.

[0113] Therefore, to solve the above problems, this embodiment of the present disclosure integrates the charge discharge switch into the charging protection chip and connects it to the connection line between the first connection pin and the overvoltage protection switch. Thus, when the USB interface is disconnected from the external power supply, this embodiment can control the two ends of the charge discharge switch to conduct by inputting a second detection signal of a second level state to the control component, thereby controlling the rapid discharge of accumulated charge on the VBUS pin to ground. When the USB interface remains electrically connected to the external power supply, the two ends of the charge discharge switch are controlled to disconnect by inputting a second detection signal of a first level state to the control component. At this time, the charge discharge switch does not affect the charging line between the first and second connection pins, and charging proceeds normally.

[0114] Here, in this embodiment of the present disclosure, the charging chip can be used to input the second detection signal of the above-mentioned different level states to the control component; for example, since the USB interface has an identification pin, such as the CC pin of the Type-C interface, and the identification pin usually has an identification circuit, it can be determined whether the USB interface is connected to an external power source; thus, in this embodiment of the present disclosure, when the identification circuit detects that the peripheral device is inserted or removed, the charging chip can input the second detection signal of the different level states to the control component respectively.

[0115] This embodiment of the invention integrates a charge discharge element into the charging protection chip, which can initiate charge discharge for the VBUS pin when the USB interface is disconnected from the external power supply. This achieves effective electrostatic protection and ensures safe use when plugging and unplugging the USB interface.

[0116] In some embodiments, see Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a circuit diagram illustrating a charging connection detection circuit according to an exemplary embodiment; wherein the charging protection module further includes:

[0117] The charging connection detection circuit 4 is spaced apart from the charging chip 3 and is electrically connected to the power pin 21.

[0118] The third connection pin 15 of the charging protection chip 1 is electrically connected to the control component and the detection node 41 of the charging connection detection circuit 4, respectively.

[0119] Specifically, when the connection state between the charging interface 2 and the external power supply is different, the level state of the second detection signal transmitted between the detection node 41 and the third connection pin 15 is different.

[0120] Here, if the detection of whether an external power source is plugged into the USB interface is implemented by the charging chip, there will be a significant delay problem. The accumulated charge on the VBUS pin may discharge instantaneously, quickly entering subsequent circuits and causing damage. Therefore, this embodiment can directly set a charging connection detection circuit on the VBUS pin of the USB interface. This charging detection circuit can directly detect whether the VBUS pin is electrically connected to the external power source, and input a second detection signal with different level states to the control component according to the different connection states of the VBUS pin and the external power source. Compared to obtaining a second detection signal from the charging chip, the charge discharge response rate is faster, and the charging and discharging safety is higher.

[0121] In this embodiment, the charging detection circuit can be equipped with multiple load elements. When there is a signal input at the power pin, the impedance value exhibited by the combined load elements differs from the impedance value exhibited when there is no charging signal input at the power pin. Thus, this embodiment allows for the establishment of detection nodes between the load elements in the charging detection circuit. The node voltage of this detection node exhibits different levels in the two aforementioned situations. Specifically, when there is a signal input at the power pin (i.e., the USB interface is connected to an external power source), the node voltage of the detection node exhibits a first level state; when there is no signal input at the power pin (i.e., the USB interface is disconnected from the external power source), the node voltage of the detection node exhibits a second level state.

[0122] For example, taking a first level state as low level and a second level state as high level, the above-mentioned load element may include a high-resistance element and an inverter connected in series, and the output terminal of the inverter is connected to the detection node.

[0123] In this embodiment, the detection node is connected to the third connection pin of the charging protection chip, and the third connection pin is connected to the control component, so that the level state at the detection node is the same as the level state of the second detection signal transmitted between the detection node and the third connection pin.

[0124] It should be noted that the charging connection detection circuit can be set in a separate chip or integrated into the charging protection chip, and this embodiment does not limit this.

[0125] This embodiment of the invention, by connecting a detection circuit to the VBUS pin for charging, can flexibly and conveniently control the switching state of the charge discharge switch, thereby enabling rapid discharge of the accumulated charge on the VBUS pin when there is a momentary disconnection of the external power supply at the USB interface.

[0126] In some embodiments, combined with Figure 3The first level is lower than the second level; the above-mentioned charging connection detection circuit 4 includes: a signal source 42, a second impedance element 43 and a signal switch 44;

[0127] The signal switch 44 includes a first connection terminal, a second connection terminal, and a control terminal;

[0128] The second impedance element 43 is connected between the first connection terminal of the signal switch 44 and the signal source 42, and the detection node 41 is located on the connection line between the second impedance element 43 and the first connection terminal.

[0129] The second connection terminal is grounded;

[0130] The control terminal is electrically connected to the power supply pin 21; the voltage level of the control terminal is different when the connection state between the charging interface 2 and the external power supply is different.

[0131] The different level states of the control terminal are used to control the connection line between the first connection terminal and the second connection terminal to be in a conducting state or to control the connection line between the first connection terminal and the second connection terminal to be in a disconnected state.

[0132] Here, the first level is lower than the second level, that is, the first level is a low level (-) and the second level is a high level (+).

[0133] The signal source is a constant voltage signal source, used to input a signal with a fixed voltage level. In this embodiment of the disclosure, the signal source can be a signal that outputs a high voltage level.

[0134] The aforementioned second impedance element is connected between the signal source and the detection node to divide the signal output from the signal source. This second impedance element can be an inductor or a resistor; for example, it is a resistor with a resistance value of 100K ohms. The aforementioned signal switch can be a transistor, field-effect transistor, etc.; for example, it can be a PMOS or NMOS transistor, with the first and second connection terminals being the drain and source, respectively, and the control terminal being the gate. In this case, the source and drain can be electrically connected to the detection node and the ground terminal, respectively.

[0135] With the above settings, if the first and second connection terminals of the signal switch are in a conducting state, the detection node will be directly connected to the ground terminal, causing the detection node's level to be in a low-level state; if the connection line between the first and second connection terminals of the signal switch is in a disconnected state, the connection line between the detection node and the ground terminal is in a disconnected state, and the voltage division effect of the second impedance element on the signal source allows the detection node to be in a high-level state; therefore, by controlling the switching state of the signal switch, the level state of the detection node can be controlled, and then the discharge state of the charge discharge component can be controlled through the third connection pin and the control component.

[0136] It should be noted that, because the control terminal of the signal switch is electrically connected to the VBUS pin, the input level of the control terminal of the signal switch will be affected by the voltage of the VBUS pin. Thus, in this embodiment of the present disclosure, the control terminal level can be set to be different when the VBUS pin and the external power supply are electrically connected and disconnected, thereby triggering the signal switch to be in different switching states.

[0137] Taking the PMOS transistor as an example, in this embodiment, an inverter can be set between the VBUS pin and the control terminal of the signal switch. If the VBUS pin is electrically connected to an external power supply, the inverter can output a low-level signal, thereby controlling the PMOS transistor to turn on, so that the detection node is in a low-level state, and the charge discharge element is in a disconnected state. If the VBUS pin is not electrically connected to the external power supply, the inverter can output a high-level signal, thereby controlling the PMOS transistor to turn off, so that the detection node is in a high-level state, and the charge discharge element is in a conducting state, triggering the discharge of accumulated charge on the VBUS pin.

[0138] Thus, by setting a signal source, a signal switch, and a first impedance element, the release of the charge discharge element can be flexibly adjusted when the VBUS pin is connected to or disconnected from an external power supply. Compared with using a charging chip combined with a software algorithm to control charge discharge, the response time is shorter and the efficiency is higher.

[0139] In some embodiments, combined with Figure 3 The signal switch 44 includes an N-type field-effect transistor; the charging connection detection circuit 4 also includes a first voltage divider element 45 and a second voltage divider element 46.

[0140] The first voltage divider element 45 and the second voltage divider element 46 are connected in series between the power supply pin 21 and the ground terminal GND.

[0141] The control terminal is connected to the connection line between the first voltage divider element 45 and the second voltage divider element 46.

[0142] Here, the first voltage divider element and the second voltage divider element can be of the same or different types; for example, the first voltage divider element can be a resistor or an inductor, and the second voltage divider element can also be a resistor or an inductor. Taking the case where both the first and second voltage divider elements are resistors, the resistance values ​​of the first and second voltage divider elements can also be the same or different.

[0143] For example, both the first voltage divider element and the second voltage divider element are resistive elements, and both have a resistance value of 100K.

[0144] Here, the first and second voltage divider elements are connected in series between the VBUS pin and the ground terminal (GND). The signal is turned on by an NMOS transistor, and the gate of the NMOS transistor is connected to the node between the first and second voltage divider elements. Therefore, when the USB interface is connected to an external power source, i.e., when there is a charging signal input on the VBUS pin, the voltage division of the two elements causes the level of the node between the two elements to be in a high-level state. At this time, the NMOS transistor can be turned on, making the above-mentioned detection node grounded and in a low-level state, further controlling the charge discharge switch to open. If the USB interface is disconnected from the external power source, there is no charging signal input on the VBUS pin. At this time, the level of the node between the two elements is the same as the level of ground, i.e., in a low-level state. At this time, the NMOS transistor can be turned off, making the above-mentioned detection node in a high-level state, further controlling the charge discharge switch to turn on, realizing the instantaneous discharge of the accumulated charge on the VBUS pin.

[0145] Thus, by setting the signal switch to an NMOS transistor and setting the first voltage divider element and the second voltage divider element described above, the control of the signal switch can be flexibly and effectively realized in this embodiment of the disclosure.

[0146] In some embodiments, combined with Figure 2 The aforementioned protective components include surge protection element 136;

[0147] One end of the surge protection element 136 is connected to the connection line between the first connection pin 11 and the second connection pin 12, and the other end of the surge protection element 136 is grounded.

[0148] The surge protection element 136 includes at least one of the following: a Schottky barrier diode, a protection resistor, and a field-effect transistor.

[0149] Combination Figure 2 As shown, the connection line between the first connection pin 11 and the second connection pin 12 also has a second connection node b, which is located between the first connection node a and the overvoltage protection switch 131; the surge protection element 136 is connected between the second connection node b and the ground wire.

[0150] In this embodiment, the Schottky barrier diode, the protection resistor, and the field-effect transistor are nonlinear components that can absorb and clamp voltage. These components are connected between the first connection pin and the ground line. When there is no surge voltage in the charging protection circuit, the surge protection components present a high-resistance state and do not affect the normal operation of the charging circuit. When a transient overvoltage (i.e., surge voltage) occurs, these components can quickly respond and present a low-resistance state to discharge the transient overvoltage to ground, thereby effectively protecting against voltage surge anomalies during the charging process.

[0151] For example, taking a field-effect transistor (FET) as the surge protection element, the source (or drain) of the FET is connected between the first connection node and the overvoltage protection element, and the drain (or source) is grounded; the control terminal is connected as follows: Figure 2 The surge detection device 137 can control the conduction and disconnection of the field-effect transistor (FET) based on whether a surge voltage is detected. If a surge voltage is detected, the source and drain of the FET are turned on, and the FET is in a low-resistance state to discharge the surge voltage. If no surge voltage is detected, the source and drain of the FET are turned off, and the FET is in a high-resistance state.

[0152] This embodiment of the invention integrates surge protection components such as Schottky barrier diodes, protection resistors, and field-effect transistors in the charging protection circuit, which can quickly discharge surge voltage to ground when a surge voltage occurs between the charging interface and the charging chip, thereby achieving efficient surge protection.

[0153] This disclosure also provides a device to be charged; wherein the device to be charged includes:

[0154] Charging port for connecting to an external power source;

[0155] The motherboard has a charging chip that connects to the power supply component of the device to be charged.

[0156] The present disclosure discloses a charging protection module proposed in the above embodiments; the first connection pin of the charging protection module is connected to the power pin of the charging interface, and the second connection pin of the charging protection module is connected to the charging chip.

[0157] Here, the device to be charged can be any kind of electrical device, such as a mobile phone, tablet, personal computer, headphones, smartwatch, etc.; the charging interface mentioned above is a USB interface, which can be any of the following types of interfaces: Type-C, Lightning, USB-A, or USB-B, which are compatible with various types of electrical devices.

[0158] The VBUS pin of the USB interface can be connected to an external power source, such as a power bank or a stationary power supply. The VBUS pin connects to the charging chip inside the device being charged via a charging protection module to transmit charging signals to the charging chip.

[0159] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the charging chip includes a charging IC and / or a charging management IC (PMIC), which is disposed on the motherboard and electrically connected to the VBAT pin of the power component in the device to be charged. It is used to adjust the signal parameters of the charging signal according to the current power level and the current charging mode, and supply the adjusted signal to the power component.

[0160] In this embodiment, by setting a charging protection module between the charging interface and the charging chip on the motherboard, and the charging protection module including a charging protection chip with multiple protection components integrated, various circuit anomalies that occur during charging and discharging using the charging interface can be effectively protected, thus improving charging and discharging safety. Furthermore, compared to connecting the protection components as discrete devices between the power pins and the charging chip via complex wiring, this embodiment integrates multiple protection components with different circuit protection functions into the charging protection chip, which can effectively reduce the complexity of circuit connections and the board area of ​​circuit design, thereby effectively improving the development efficiency of the charging protection structure.

[0161] The protection scheme for the VBUS pin of the USB interface proposed in this disclosure can be applied to mobile phones; however, related technologies for VBUS protection in mobile phones generally employ discrete components for different types of circuit protection. For example, see... Figure 4 , Figure 4 This is a circuit diagram for charging protection proposed in related technologies. The discrete components between the charging IC and the charging interface include a transient voltage suppressor diode (TVS), an overvoltage protection transistor (OVP), Schottky barrier diodes VD1+VD2, and a resistor T. This solution not only has a large number of components and a large board area, but also makes component selection complicated. Furthermore, for the OVP overvoltage protection scheme, related technologies also use relatively long detection and control traces. When VBUS is overvoltage, the voltage needs to be transmitted to the charge pump through VBUS_SNS (detection trace and pin). Only after the charging IC detects the VBUS overvoltage will it drive OVPGATE (control pin and trace) to output a low voltage, thereby cutting off the OVP MOS. Thus, the detection and control of OVP require joint software debugging, and the excessively long response time of detection and control can cause high voltage to enter subsequent circuits and damage downstream components, affecting charging safety.

[0162] In view of this, this disclosure proposes a charging protection module. This embodiment integrates a charge discharge element, an overvoltage protection switch, and a surge protection element into a charging protection chip, thereby supporting a voltage surge range of -200V to +200V, achieving a DC withstand voltage of 29V, selectable OVP trigger voltage of 12.4V / 21.9V, and a current carrying capacity of 6A. This allows for flexible protection against various circuit anomalies while saving board space, improving structural space, and reducing fabrication complexity. Furthermore, this disclosure also includes detection and control components in the charging protection chip, making overvoltage detection of the VBUS pin and control of the overvoltage protection switch more convenient and rapid, mitigating the problem of high voltage entering subsequent circuits and damaging downstream devices, and improving charging safety. Additionally, this disclosure includes a charging connection detection circuit at the VBUS pin, which flexibly controls the charge discharge function of the charge discharge element. Compared to software debugging, this makes charge discharge control more flexible and convenient, reducing the OVP response time to 50ns.

[0163] For example, in combination Figure 2 As shown, surge protection element 136, overvoltage protection switch 131, charge discharge element 135, detection component 132, and control component 133 are all integrated into a single chip, namely the charge protection chip 1.

[0164] Combination Figure 3 As shown, the charging connection detection circuit 4 proposed in this embodiment includes a high-level output signal source 42, a second impedance element 43, a signal switch 44 (acting as an NMOS transistor), a first voltage divider element 45, and a second voltage divider element 46. This charging connection detection circuit 4 can autonomously control the charge discharge elements without requiring software adjustment. Specifically, when the external power supply to the USB is unplugged, the second voltage divider element 46 pulls the gate potential of the NMOS transistor down to a low level. At this time, the connection between the source and drain of the NMOS transistor is broken, and the detection node potential is pulled high by the signal source 42, thereby controlling the charge discharge switch to open and discharge the charge on the VBUS capacitor. When an external power supply is plugged into the USB, the VBUS voltage is divided by the first voltage divider element 45 and the second voltage divider element 46. The node between the first voltage divider element 45 and the second voltage divider element 46 pulls high the gate potential of the NMOS transistor. At this time, the source and drain of the NMOS transistor are connected, and the detection node is grounded at a low potential, thereby controlling the charge discharge switch to open.

[0165] Thus, through the embodiments of this disclosure Figure 2 and Figure 3The example charging protection module not only simplifies VBUS protection circuit design and improves development efficiency, but also solves the problem of long OVP response time in traditional solutions, protecting the safety of subsequent circuits. Furthermore, by providing a charging connection detection circuit that enables autonomous charge discharge control, it also achieves electrostatic discharge protection for the VBUS pin when the external power supply is disconnected, eliminating the need for software debugging and hardware wiring.

[0166] Figure 5 This is a structural block diagram illustrating a device to be charged according to an exemplary embodiment. For example, the device to be charged 500 may be a mobile phone, computer, digital broadcasting terminal, messaging device, game console, tablet device, medical device, fitness equipment, personal digital assistant, etc.

[0167] Reference Figure 5 The device to be charged 500 may include one or more of the following components: processing component 502, memory 504, power supply component 506, multimedia component 508, audio component 510, input / output interface 512, sensor component 514, and communication component 516.

[0168] Processing component 502 typically controls the overall operation of the device 500 to be charged, such as operations associated with at least one of display, telephone call, data communication, camera operation, and recording operation. Processing component 502 may include one or more processors 520 to execute instructions to perform all or part of the steps of the methods described above. Furthermore, processing component 502 may include one or more modules to facilitate interaction between processing component 502 and other components. For example, processing component 502 may include a multimedia module to facilitate interaction between multimedia component 508 and processing component 502.

[0169] Memory 504 is configured to store various types of data to support operation on the device to be charged 500. Examples of such data include at least one of the following: instructions for any application or method operating on the device to be charged 500, contact data, phonebook data, messages, pictures, and videos. Memory 504 can be implemented by any type of volatile or non-volatile storage device or a combination thereof, such as Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPROM), Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM), Programmable Read Only Memory (PROM), Read-Only Memory (ROM), magnetic storage, flash memory, magnetic disk, or optical disk.

[0170] Power supply component 506 provides power to various components of the device 500 to be charged. Power supply component 506 may include at least one of the following: a power management system, one or more power supplies, and other components associated with generating, managing, and distributing power to the device 500 to be charged.

[0171] Multimedia component 508 includes a screen that provides an output interface between the device to be charged 500 and the user. In some embodiments, the screen may include a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) and a Touch Panel (TP). If the screen includes a Touch Panel, the screen may be implemented as a touchscreen to receive input signals from the user. The Touch Panel includes one or more touch sensors to sense touches, swipes, and gestures on the Touch Panel. The touch sensors may sense not only the boundaries of touch or swipe actions but also the duration and pressure associated with the touch or swipe operation. In some embodiments, multimedia component 508 includes a front-facing camera and / or a rear-facing camera. When the device to be charged 500 is in an operating mode, such as a shooting mode or a video mode, the front-facing camera and / or the rear-facing camera may receive external multimedia data. Each front-facing camera and rear-facing camera may be a fixed optical lens system or have focal length and optical zoom capabilities.

[0172] Audio component 510 is configured to output and / or input audio signals. For example, audio component 510 includes a microphone (MIC) configured to receive external audio signals when the device to be charged 500 is in an operating mode, such as call mode, recording mode, and voice recognition mode. The received audio signals may be further stored in memory 504 or transmitted via communication component 516. In some embodiments, audio component 510 also includes a speaker for outputting audio signals.

[0173] Input / output interface 512 provides an interface between processing component 502 and peripheral interface modules, such as keyboards, click wheels, and buttons. These buttons may include, but are not limited to, home buttons, volume buttons, start buttons, and lock buttons.

[0174] Sensor assembly 514 includes one or more sensors for providing status assessments of various aspects of the device 500 to be charged. For example, sensor assembly 514 may detect the on / off state of the device 500, the relative positioning of components (e.g., the display and keypad of the device 500), changes in position of the device 500 or one of its components, the presence or absence of user contact with the device 500, the orientation or acceleration / deceleration of the device 500, and temperature changes of the device 500. Sensor assembly 514 may include a proximity sensor configured to detect the presence of nearby objects without any physical contact. Sensor assembly 514 may also include an optical sensor, such as a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) or charge-coupled device (CCD) image sensor, for use in imaging applications. In some embodiments, sensor assembly 514 may also include, but is not limited to, at least one of the following: an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a magnetometer, a pressure sensor, and a temperature sensor.

[0175] Communication component 516 is configured to facilitate wired or wireless communication between the device to be charged 500 and other devices. The device to be charged 500 can access wireless networks based on communication standards, such as Wi-Fi, 4G, 5G, or combinations thereof. In one exemplary embodiment, communication component 516 receives broadcast signals or broadcast-related information from an external broadcast management system via a broadcast channel. In one exemplary embodiment, communication component 516 also includes a Near Field Communication (NFC) module to facilitate short-range communication. For example, the NFC module may be implemented based on Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), Infrared Data Association (IrDA), Ultra Wide Band (UWB), Bluetooth (BT), and other technologies.

[0176] In an exemplary embodiment, the device to be charged 500 may be implemented by one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), digital signal processors (DSPs), digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, or other electronic components.

[0177] Other embodiments of this disclosure will readily occur to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the specification and practice of the utility models disclosed herein. This disclosure is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of this disclosure that follow the general principles of this disclosure and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein. The specification and examples are to be considered exemplary only, and the true scope and spirit of this disclosure are indicated by the claims.

[0178] It should be understood that this disclosure is not limited to the precise structures described above and shown in the accompanying drawings, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from its scope. The scope of this disclosure is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A charge protection module, comprising: include: The charging protection chip has a first connection pin, a second connection pin, and a charging protection circuit. The first connection pin is electrically connected to the power pin of the charging interface, and the second connection pin is electrically connected to the charging chip. The charging protection circuit is electrically connected to the first connection pin and the second connection pin respectively, and is provided with multiple protection components with different circuit protection functions. The protection component includes at least a surge protection element and an overvoltage protection switch. The overvoltage protection switch is disposed on the connection line between the first connection pin and the second connection pin. When there is an overvoltage abnormality in the charging voltage state of the charging protection circuit, the overvoltage protection switch is in the closed state, so that the connection circuit between the first connection pin and the second connection pin is in the disconnected state.

2. The charging protection module of claim 1, wherein, The charging protection circuit also includes: The detection component is electrically connected to the first connection pin and is used to detect the charging voltage status of the charging protection circuit. The control component is electrically connected to the detection component and the overvoltage protection switch, respectively, and is used to control the overvoltage protection switch to be in the closed state when there is an overvoltage abnormality in the charging voltage state.

3. The charging protection module of claim 2, wherein, The detection component includes: The first impedance element has one end connected to the connection line between the first connection pin and the overvoltage protection switch, and the other end grounded. A comparator, electrically connected to the first impedance element, is used to output a first detection signal to the control component when the node voltage of the first impedance element exceeds a preset voltage threshold. The first detection signal is used to indicate that the charging voltage state has the abnormal charging overvoltage.

4. The charging protection module according to claim 3, characterized in that, The charging protection circuit also includes: A line selector includes a first input terminal, a second input terminal, and an output terminal; The first input terminal is connected to one end of the first impedance element, the second input terminal is connected to the other end of the first impedance element, and the output terminal is connected to the comparator. Specifically, when a first charging signal is input to the power pin, the connection line between the first input terminal and the output terminal is in a conducting state; when a second charging signal is input to the power pin, the connection line between the second input terminal and the output terminal is in a disconnected state; the voltage of the first charging signal is less than the voltage of the second charging signal.

5. The charging protection module according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein, The protective assembly also includes a charge discharge element; One end of the charge discharge element is disposed on the connection line between the first connection pin and the overvoltage protection switch, and the other end of the charge discharge element is grounded; The control component is electrically connected to the charge discharge element and is used to control the connection line between one end and the other end of the charge discharge element to be disconnected when a second detection signal of the first level state is received. Alternatively, upon receiving the second detection signal at the second level, the connection line between one end and the other end of the charge discharge element is controlled to be in a conductive state. The first level state and the second level state are different, and the first level state indicates that the charging interface is electrically connected to the external power source, while the second level state indicates that the charging interface is electrically disconnected from the external power source.

6. The charging protection module of claim 5, wherein, The charging protection module also includes: A charging connection detection circuit is spaced apart from the charging chip and electrically connected to the power pin. The third connection pin of the charging protection chip is electrically connected to the control component and the detection node of the charging connection detection circuit, respectively. Specifically, when the connection state between the charging interface and the external power supply is different, the level state of the second detection signal transmitted between the detection node and the third connection pin is different.

7. The charging protection module of claim 6, wherein, The first voltage level is lower than the second voltage level; the charging connection detection circuit includes: a signal source, a second impedance element, and a signal switch; The signal switch includes a first connection terminal, a second connection terminal, and a control terminal; The second impedance element is connected between the first connection terminal of the signal switch and the signal source, and the detection node is located on the connection line between the second impedance element and the first connection terminal; The second connection terminal is connected to the ground terminal; The control terminal is electrically connected to the power supply pin; the voltage level of the control terminal is different when the connection state between the charging interface and the external power supply is different. The different level states of the control terminal are used to control the connection line between the first connection terminal and the second connection terminal to be in a conducting state or to control the connection line between the first connection terminal and the second connection terminal to be in a disconnected state.

8. The charging protection module of claim 7, wherein, The signal switch includes an N-type field-effect transistor; the charging connection detection circuit further includes a first voltage divider element and a second voltage divider element. The first voltage divider element and the second voltage divider element are connected in series between the power supply pin and the ground terminal; The control terminal is connected to the connection line between the first voltage divider element and the second voltage divider element.

9. The charging protection module according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein, One end of the surge protection element is connected to the connection line between the first connection pin and the second connection pin, and the other end of the surge protection element is grounded. The surge protection element includes at least one of the following: a Schottky barrier diode, a protection resistor, and a field-effect transistor.

10. An apparatus to be charged, characterized in that include: Charging port for connecting to an external power source; A motherboard, on which a charging chip is provided, the charging chip being connected to the power supply component of the device to be charged; The charging protection module as described in any one of claims 1 to 9; the first connection pin of the charging protection module is connected to the power pin of the charging interface, and the second connection pin of the charging protection module is connected to the charging chip.

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