A control circuit based on nickel-hydrogen battery

Abstract

This utility model relates to the field of nickel-metal hydride battery protection technology and discloses a control circuit based on nickel-metal hydride battery with high safety and reliability. It includes a battery circuit (120) for providing voltage signals, a switch control circuit (130) and a motor control circuit (140). When the input control signal is higher than the first potential, the motor control circuit (140) is controlled to be turned on to drive the motor to work. When the input control signal is lower than the second potential, the motor control circuit (140) is controlled to be turned off and the motor stops working.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of nickel-metal hydride battery protection technology, and more specifically, to a control circuit based on a nickel-metal hydride battery. Background Technology

[0002] Nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) batteries are synthesized from hydrogen ions and metallic nickel, offering advantages such as higher energy density, longer lifespan, and no environmental pollution compared to nickel-cadmium (NiCd) batteries. As a rechargeable battery, they are widely used in consumer electronics. Currently, most NiMH battery charging circuits use switching transistors to control the circuit's on / off state. If the circuits on both sides of the switching transistor are not completely isolated, reverse current may occur, potentially damaging the battery and posing a safety hazard over time. Utility Model Content

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by this utility model is to address the shortcomings of the prior art, such as the possibility of backflow of current when the circuits on both sides of the switching tube are not completely isolated, which may damage the battery and cause safety hazards during long-term use. This invention provides a control circuit based on nickel-metal hydride batteries that is safer and more reliable.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by this utility model to solve its technical problem is: to construct a control circuit based on a nickel-metal hydride battery, which has the following features:

[0005] The battery circuit, which is configured within the control circuit, is used to provide a voltage signal;

[0006] A switch control circuit, the input terminal of which is connected to the first terminal of the battery circuit, is used to receive the voltage signal and output a control signal according to the voltage signal;

[0007] The motor control circuit has its first terminal connected to the first terminal of the battery circuit for receiving the voltage signal.

[0008] The second terminal of the motor control circuit is coupled to the output terminal of the switch control circuit and is used to receive the control signal.

[0009] The third terminal of the motor control circuit is connected to the second terminal of the battery circuit.

[0010] When the input control signal is higher than the first potential, the motor control circuit is activated to drive the motor.

[0011] When the input control signal is lower than the second potential, the motor control circuit is shut off and the motor stops working.

[0012] In some embodiments, the motor control circuit includes at least a second diode, a first transistor, a second transistor, and a third transistor.

[0013] The anode of the second diode is connected to the output terminal of the switch control circuit.

[0014] The cathode of the second diode is coupled to the base of the second transistor.

[0015] The collector of the second transistor is connected to the base of both the first transistor and the third transistor.

[0016] The emitter of the first transistor is connected to the power supply terminal.

[0017] The collector of the first transistor and the emitter of the third transistor are respectively connected to the first terminal of the battery circuit.

[0018] The collector of the third transistor is coupled to one end of the motor.

[0019] The emitter of the second transistor is connected to the common terminal.

[0020] In some embodiments, the motor control circuit further includes a second resistor, a tenth resistor, and an eleventh resistor.

[0021] One end of the second resistor is connected to the collector of the second transistor and one end of the eleventh resistor, respectively.

[0022] One end of the tenth resistor is connected to the cathode of the second diode.

[0023] The other end of the tenth resistor is coupled to the base of the second transistor.

[0024] The other end of the eleventh resistor is connected to the base of the third transistor.

[0025] In some embodiments, the switch control circuit includes at least a tactile switch, a fourth transistor, and a fifth transistor.

[0026] One end of the tactile switch and the emitter of the fourth transistor are respectively connected to the first end of the battery circuit.

[0027] The base of the fourth transistor is connected to the collector of the fifth transistor.

[0028] The base of the fifth transistor is connected to the other end of the tactile switch.

[0029] The collector of the fourth transistor is connected to the anode of the second diode.

[0030] The emitter of the fifth transistor is connected to the common terminal.

[0031] In some embodiments, the switch control circuit further includes a first capacitor, a second capacitor, and a fourth resistor.

[0032] One end of the first capacitor is connected to the first end of the battery circuit.

[0033] The other end of the first capacitor is connected to the tactile switch and one end of the second capacitor, respectively.

[0034] The other end of the second capacitor is connected to the other end of the tactile switch and one end of the fourth resistor, respectively.

[0035] The other end of the fourth resistor is connected to the base of the fifth transistor.

[0036] In some embodiments, a charging circuit is also included, the input terminal of which is connected to the power supply terminal.

[0037] The output terminal of the charging circuit is connected to the input terminal of the motor control circuit.

[0038] In some embodiments, the first transistor and the third transistor are selected as PNP transistors.

[0039] The second transistor is an NPN type transistor.

[0040] The control circuit based on a nickel-metal hydride battery described in this invention includes a battery circuit for providing voltage signals, a switch control circuit, and a motor control circuit. When the input control signal is higher than a first potential, the motor control circuit is turned on to drive the motor. When the input control signal is lower than a second potential, the motor control circuit is turned off, and the motor stops working. Compared with existing technologies, by limiting the voltage output of the battery circuit, the motor control circuit is stopped when the voltage output of the battery circuit is lower than a preset value. This ensures that the battery in the battery circuit will not have its lifespan shortened due to over-discharge. Furthermore, the technical solution employs a design combination of related discrete components, which not only achieves relevant protection functions but also minimizes costs and enhances product competitiveness. Attached Figure Description

[0041] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. In the accompanying drawings:

[0042] Figure 1 This utility model provides a circuit schematic diagram of an embodiment of a control circuit based on a nickel-metal hydride battery. Detailed Implementation

[0043] To provide a clearer understanding of the technical features, objectives, and effects of this utility model, the specific embodiments of this utility model will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0044] like Figure 1 As shown, in the first embodiment of the control circuit based on a nickel-metal hydride battery of this utility model, the control circuit based on a nickel-metal hydride battery includes a charging circuit 110, a battery circuit 120, a switch control circuit 130, and a motor control circuit 140.

[0045] The charging circuit 110 is used to receive the power signal input from the front stage in order to charge the battery (corresponding to BT1) in the battery circuit 120;

[0046] Battery circuit 120 is used to output voltage / current signals;

[0047] The switch control circuit 130 is used to control the on / off state of the battery (corresponding to BT1) output voltage / current signal;

[0048] The motor control circuit 140 is used to control the working state of the motor (corresponding to MOTOR) and protect the battery (corresponding to BT1) from over-discharge.

[0049] Specifically, the battery circuit 120 includes at least a set of batteries (corresponding to BT1) connected in series and a fuse FU, which is configured in the control circuit to provide a voltage signal;

[0050] Furthermore, the input terminal of the switch control circuit 130 is connected to the first terminal of the battery circuit 120 (corresponding to the positive terminal of the battery (corresponding to BT1)) to receive the voltage signal output by the battery (corresponding to BT1) and output a control signal according to the input voltage signal.

[0051] The first terminal of the motor control circuit 140 is connected to the first terminal of the battery circuit 120 (corresponding to the positive terminal of the battery (corresponding to BT1)) to receive voltage signals.

[0052] The second terminal of the motor control circuit 140 is coupled to the output terminal of the switch control circuit 130 and is used to receive control signals.

[0053] The third terminal of the motor control circuit 140 is connected to the second terminal of the battery circuit 120 (corresponding to the negative terminal of the battery (corresponding to BT1)).

[0054] Specifically, when the control signal input to the switch control circuit 130 is higher than the first potential (e.g., 1.2V-1.6V), the motor control circuit 140 is turned on to drive the motor (corresponding to the MOTOR).

[0055] When the input control signal is lower than the second potential (e.g., 0.8 V - 1.1 V), the motor control circuit 140 is turned off and the motor (corresponding to MOTOR) stops working.

[0056] Using this technical solution, by limiting the output voltage of the battery circuit, the motor control circuit is stopped when the output voltage of the battery circuit is lower than the preset value, thereby ensuring that the battery in the battery circuit will not have its service life shortened due to over-discharge. In addition, the technical solution adopts the design combination of related discrete components, which not only realizes the product's related protection functions, but also minimizes costs and improves the product's competitiveness.

[0057] In some implementations, to ensure the reliability of motor (corresponding to MOTOR) control and to protect the battery (corresponding to BT1) from over-discharge, a second diode D102, a first transistor VT101, a second transistor VT102, and a third transistor VT103 can be provided in the motor control circuit 140. The first transistor VT101 and the third transistor VT103 are selected as PNP type transistors.

[0058] The second transistor VT102 is an NPN type transistor, both of which have switching functions;

[0059] Specifically, the anode of the second diode D102 is connected to the output terminal of the switch control circuit 130 to receive the control signal output by the switch control circuit 130;

[0060] The cathode of the second diode D102 is coupled to the base of the second transistor VT102.

[0061] The collector of the second transistor VT102 is connected to the base of the first transistor VT101 and the third transistor VT103, respectively.

[0062] The emitter of the first transistor VT101 is connected to the power supply terminal.

[0063] The collector of the first transistor VT101 and the emitter of the third transistor VT103 are respectively connected to the first terminal of the battery circuit 120.

[0064] The collector of the third transistor VT103 is connected to one end of the motor.

[0065] The emitter of the second transistor VT102 is connected to the common terminal.

[0066] When the control signal input to the switch control circuit 130 is higher than the first potential (e.g., 1.2V-1.6V), the second transistor VT102, the first transistor VT101, and the third transistor VT103 are turned on to drive the motor.

[0067] When the input control signal is lower than the second potential (e.g., 0.8 V - 1.1 V), the second transistor VT102 is turned off, and the first transistor VT101 and the third transistor VT103 are also turned off, and the motor (corresponding to MOTOR) stops working.

[0068] In some embodiments, the motor control circuit 140 further includes a second resistor R102, a tenth resistor R110, and an eleventh resistor R111, wherein all of the above resistors are base input resistors.

[0069] Specifically, one end of the second resistor R102 is connected to the collector of the second transistor VT102 and one end of the eleventh resistor R111.

[0070] One end of the tenth resistor R110 is connected to the cathode of the second diode D102.

[0071] The other end of the tenth resistor R110 is coupled to the base of the second transistor VT102.

[0072] The other end of the eleventh resistor R111 is connected to the base of the third transistor VT103.

[0073] In some implementations, to improve the stability of motor control, a tactile switch SW1, a fourth transistor VT104, and a fifth transistor VT105 can be provided in the switch control circuit 130. The fourth transistor VT104 is a PNP type transistor, and the fifth transistor VT105 is an NPN type transistor, all of which have the function of switching.

[0074] Specifically, one end of the tactile switch SW1 and the emitter of the fourth transistor VT104 are respectively connected to the first end (corresponding to BAT+) of the battery circuit 120.

[0075] The base of the fourth transistor VT104 is connected to the collector of the fifth transistor VT105.

[0076] The base of the fifth transistor VT105 is connected to the other end of the tactile switch SW1.

[0077] The collector of the fourth transistor VT104 is connected to the anode of the second diode D102.

[0078] The emitter of the fifth transistor VT105 is connected to the common terminal.

[0079] That is, when the tactile switch SW1 is touched, the fifth transistor VT105 is turned on, the base voltage of the fourth transistor VT104 is pulled low and turned on, thereby inputting a control signal to the base of the second transistor VT102 to control its conduction.

[0080] In some embodiments, the switch control circuit 130 further includes a first capacitor C101, a second capacitor C102, and a fourth resistor R104.

[0081] One end of the first capacitor C101 is connected to the first end of the battery circuit 120.

[0082] The other end of the first capacitor C101 is connected to the tactile switch SW1 and one end of the second capacitor C102, respectively.

[0083] The other end of the second capacitor C102 is connected to the other end of the tactile switch SW1 and one end of the fourth resistor R104.

[0084] The other end of the fourth resistor R104 is connected to the base of the fifth transistor VT105.

[0085] In some implementations, to ensure reliable circuit operation, a charging circuit 110 can be included in the control circuit. The input terminal of the charging circuit 110 is connected to the power supply terminal (corresponding to the DC+ terminal).

[0086] The output terminal of the charging circuit 110 is connected to the input terminal of the motor control circuit 140.

[0087] The charging circuit 110 includes a first diode D101, a first resistor R101 and a twelfth resistor R112. The first diode D101 is used to prevent reverse leakage of the battery (corresponding to BT1), and the first resistor R101 and the twelfth resistor R112 have the function of charging current limiting.

[0088] Specifically, the anode of the first diode D101 is connected to the power supply terminal (corresponding to the DC+ terminal).

[0089] The cathode of the first diode D101 is coupled to the emitter of the first transistor VT101.

[0090] The first resistor R101 and the twelfth resistor R112 are connected in parallel.

[0091] One end of the first resistor R101 and the twelfth resistor R112 are connected to the emitter of the first transistor VT101.

[0092] The other ends of the first resistor R101 and the twelfth resistor R112 are connected to the collector of the first transistor VT101.

[0093] Its working principle is as follows:

[0094] When the control signal (or switch signal) outputs a high level, the second transistor VT102 is turned on through the second diode D102 and the tenth resistor R110, which in turn turns on the third transistor VT103, and the motor (corresponding to MOTOR) starts to run.

[0095] When a voltage is input from DC+, the DC+ voltage supplies power to the motor through the first diode D101, the first transistor VT101, and the third transistor VT103. When the DC+ voltage is higher than the battery voltage, DC+ will be used to supply power to the motor (corresponding to MOTOR) first.

[0096] When the tactile switch SW1 is closed, the BAT+ voltage passes through the first capacitor C101, the tactile switch SW1, and the fourth resistor R104, turning on the fifth transistor VT105, which in turn turns on the fourth transistor VT104. After the fourth transistor VT104 turns on, the collector voltage locks the conduction of the fifth transistor VT105 through the eighth resistor R108 and the fourth resistor R104. At the same time, it also locks the fourth transistor VT104 to continue to conduct. Simultaneously, a high level is output to the motor control circuit 140, which turns on the second transistor VT102 through the second diode D102 and the tenth resistor R10, thereby turning on the third transistor VT103, and the motor (corresponding to MOTOR) starts to run.

[0097] When the battery voltage (corresponding to BT1) is lower than the voltage drop of the second diode D102 and the second transistor VT102, the switching signal is insufficient to turn on the second transistor VT102, the third transistor VT103 is turned off, and the motor (corresponding to MOTOR) stops running.

[0098] The LED indicator circuit consists of LED1 and the third resistor R103, and is mainly used for indication when powered by DC+ input power.

[0099] The embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other forms under the guidance of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims. All of these forms are within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A control circuit for a nickel-hydrogen battery, characterized by comprising: have: The battery circuit, which is configured within the control circuit, is used to provide a voltage signal; A switch control circuit, the input terminal of which is connected to the first terminal of the battery circuit, is used to receive the voltage signal and output a control signal according to the voltage signal; The motor control circuit has its first terminal connected to the first terminal of the battery circuit for receiving the voltage signal. The second terminal of the motor control circuit is coupled to the output terminal of the switch control circuit and is used to receive the control signal. The third terminal of the motor control circuit is connected to the second terminal of the battery circuit. When the input control signal is higher than the first potential, the motor control circuit is activated to drive the motor. When the input control signal is lower than the second potential, the motor control circuit is shut off and the motor stops working.

2. The control circuit based on a nickel-metal hydride battery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The motor control circuit includes at least a second diode, a first transistor, a second transistor, and a third transistor. The anode of the second diode is connected to the output terminal of the switch control circuit. The cathode of the second diode is coupled to the base of the second transistor. The collector of the second transistor is connected to the base of both the first transistor and the third transistor. The emitter of the first transistor is connected to the power supply terminal. The collector of the first transistor and the emitter of the third transistor are respectively connected to the first terminal of the battery circuit. The collector of the third transistor is coupled to one end of the motor. The emitter of the second transistor is connected to the common terminal.

3. The control circuit based on a nickel-metal hydride battery according to claim 2, characterized in that, The motor control circuit also includes a second resistor, a tenth resistor, and an eleventh resistor. One end of the second resistor is connected to the collector of the second transistor and one end of the eleventh resistor, respectively. One end of the tenth resistor is connected to the cathode of the second diode. The other end of the tenth resistor is coupled to the base of the second transistor. The other end of the eleventh resistor is connected to the base of the third transistor.

4. The control circuit based on a nickel-metal hydride battery according to claim 2, characterized in that, The switch control circuit includes at least a tactile switch, a fourth transistor, and a fifth transistor. One end of the tactile switch and the emitter of the fourth transistor are respectively connected to the first end of the battery circuit. The base of the fourth transistor is connected to the collector of the fifth transistor. The base of the fifth transistor is connected to the other end of the tactile switch. The collector of the fourth transistor is connected to the anode of the second diode. The emitter of the fifth transistor is connected to the common terminal.

5. The control circuit based on a nickel-metal hydride battery according to claim 4, characterized in that, The switch control circuit also includes a first capacitor, a second capacitor, and a fourth resistor. One end of the first capacitor is connected to the first end of the battery circuit. The other end of the first capacitor is connected to the tactile switch and one end of the second capacitor, respectively. The other end of the second capacitor is connected to the other end of the tactile switch and one end of the fourth resistor, respectively. The other end of the fourth resistor is connected to the base of the fifth transistor.

6. The control circuit based on a nickel-metal hydride battery according to claim 2, characterized in that, It also includes a charging circuit, the input terminal of which is connected to the power supply terminal. The output terminal of the charging circuit is connected to the input terminal of the motor control circuit.

7. The control circuit based on a nickel-metal hydride battery according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first transistor and the third transistor are selected as PNP type transistors. The second transistor is an NPN type transistor.

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