A synthetic ammonia column internal reactor preheating device

Abstract

The utility model discloses a synthetic ammonia tower inner part reactor preheating device, it includes the center tube, and the short center tube is sleeved to the center tube, the top of short center tube and the top fixed connection of center tube, short center tube does not communicate with center tube, and the one side of short center tube upper end is provided with starting gas inlet, and the lower extreme of short center tube is provided with the gas outlet, and the upper end fixed setting of first grade heat exchanger is provided with the support ring, and the outer wall of short center tube bottom part is equipped with the piston ring, the piston ring and first grade heat exchanger support ring clearance fit, and this device structure design is reasonable, changed the traditional preheating with starting gas's air inlet path, through short center tube structure, realized the quick access of preheating with starting gas to the reaction cavity, improved the preheating starting efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of chemical equipment manufacturing, specifically to a reactor preheating device for the internal components of a synthetic ammonia tower. Background Technology

[0002] In many fields of the chemical industry, the synthesis tower, as the core equipment for realizing exothermic multi-molecular synthesis reactions, directly affects the efficiency and safety of the entire production process. The chemical reactions occurring inside the synthesis tower, such as the Haber process for ammonia synthesis, are typical exothermic processes. It generally includes a pressure vessel, an outer cylinder, a central tube, multi-stage reaction chambers, and a multi-stage heat exchanger system. The outer cylinder is located inside the pressure vessel, and the central tube is inserted into the outer cylinder from the top. The central tube houses the first-stage and second-stage heat exchangers from top to bottom. The central tube is the main input gas component of the reactor. To improve the reactor's production efficiency, preheating of the entire internal reactor is generally required. Traditional structures and preheating methods require the input of heated start-up process gas through the central tube, resulting in a long channel path and a slow preheating process for the entire reactor. Utility Model Content

[0003] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this utility model provides a preheating device for the reactor internals of a synthetic ammonia tower. The device has a reasonable structural design and can quickly send the preheating start-up process gas into the reaction chamber, thereby improving the preheating efficiency.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the technical solution of this utility model is as follows:

[0005] A preheating device for the reactor internals of a synthetic ammonia tower includes a central tube, an outer sleeve of which is a short central tube. The top of the short central tube is fixedly connected to the top of the central tube, but the short central tube is not connected to the central tube. A start-up gas inlet is provided on one side of the upper end of the short central tube, and a gas outlet is provided at the lower end of the short central tube. A support ring is fixedly provided at the upper end of a first-stage heat exchanger, and a piston ring is provided on the outer wall of the bottom of the short central tube. The piston ring is in clearance fit with the support ring of the first-stage heat exchanger.

[0006] Furthermore, the upper end of the outer cylinder of the reactor is a cylindrical cover plate with an insertion hole in the center. The outer wall of the middle part of the short central tube is connected to the insertion hole. The start-up gas inlet of the short central tube is above the cylindrical cover plate, and the gas outlet is below the cylindrical cover plate.

[0007] Furthermore, the central tube is a cylindrical straight tube, and the short central tube is also cylindrical with a larger inner diameter than the central tube. The top outer wall of the central tube and the inner wall of the short central tube form a ventilation cavity that is wider at the top and narrower at the bottom. The inner diameter of the upper end of the ventilation cavity is larger than that of the lower end. The space at the smaller diameter of the cavity is reduced, which accelerates the gas flow, increases the concentration of the process gas participating in the reaction, and speeds up the process gas reaction rate and ammonia conversion rate.

[0008] The support ring is a cylindrical structure, with its lower end fixedly connected to the top of the first-stage heat exchanger, and its inner wall in contact with the piston ring.

[0009] The lower outer wall of the short central tube is provided with multiple annular grooves for installing piston rings to prevent the reverse permeation of the reaction gas.

[0010] The first-stage heat exchanger and the support ring are provided with a gap between the outer wall of the central tube, which serves as a gas passage for the start-up gas. The outlet of the short central tube is connected to this passage, and the start-up gas runs along this passage into each stage of the reaction chamber, facilitating contact and reaction between the start-up gas and the catalyst in the reactor.

[0011] The second-stage heat exchanger includes heat exchange tubes and a core vent pipe. The central tube is connected to the core vent pipe of the second-stage heat exchanger. The internal cavity of the central tube is the passage for the process gas. The process gas flows down from the top of the central tube to its bottom and then to the core vent pipe of the second-stage heat exchanger.

[0012] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: The device has a reasonable structural design, which changes the traditional air intake path of the preheating start-up gas. Through the short central tube structure, the preheating start-up gas can be quickly introduced into the reaction chamber, thereby improving the preheating start-up efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Fig. 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model.

[0014] Fig. 2 This is a schematic diagram showing the position of the present invention within the entire reactor.

[0015] 1-Central tube, 2-Short central tube, 3-First stage heat exchanger, 4-Support ring, 5-Piston ring, 6-Outer cylinder, 7-Cylinder cover plate, 8-Second stage heat exchanger, 9-Gas passage. Detailed Implementation

[0016] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this utility model clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of this utility model can be combined with each other.

[0017] like Figs. 1-2As shown, a preheating device for the reactor internals of a synthetic ammonia tower includes a central tube 1, with a short central tube 2 sleeved around the central tube 1. The top of the short central tube 2 is fixedly connected to the top of the central tube 1, but the short central tube 2 is not connected to the central tube 1. A start-up gas inlet is provided on one side of the upper end of the short central tube 2, and a gas outlet is provided at the lower end of the short central tube 2. A support ring 4 is fixedly provided on the upper end of the first-stage heat exchanger 3, and a piston ring 5 is provided on the outer wall of the bottom of the short central tube 2. The piston ring 5 is clearance-fitted with the support ring 4 of the first-stage heat exchanger 3.

[0018] Furthermore, the upper end of the outer cylinder 6 of the reactor is a cylindrical cover plate 7, with an insertion hole in the center. The outer wall of the middle part of the short central tube 2 is connected to the insertion hole. The start-up gas inlet of the short central tube 2 is above the cylindrical cover plate, and the gas outlet is below the cylindrical cover plate.

[0019] Furthermore, the central tube 1 is a cylindrical straight tube, and the short central tube 2 is also cylindrical, with its inner diameter being larger than that of the central tube 1. The top outer wall of the central tube 1 and the inner wall of the short central tube form a ventilation cavity that is wider at the top and narrower at the bottom. The inner diameter of the upper end of the ventilation cavity is larger than that of the lower end. The space at the smaller diameter of the cavity is reduced, which accelerates the gas flow, increases the concentration of the process gas participating in the reaction, and speeds up the process gas reaction rate and ammonia conversion rate.

[0020] The support ring 4 is a cylindrical structure, with its lower end fixedly connected to the top of the first-stage heat exchanger 3, and its inner wall in contact with the piston ring 5.

[0021] The lower outer wall of the short central tube 2 is provided with multiple annular grooves for installing piston rings 5 ​​in order to prevent the reverse permeation of the reaction gas.

[0022] A gap is provided between the first-stage heat exchanger 3 and the support ring 4 and the outer wall of the central tube 1, which serves as a gas passage 9 for the start-up gas. The outlet of the short central tube 2 is connected to this passage, and the start-up gas runs along this passage into each stage of the reaction chamber, which facilitates the start-up gas to contact and react with the catalyst in the reactor.

[0023] The second-stage heat exchanger 8 includes heat exchange tubes and a core vent pipe. The central tube 1 is connected to the core vent pipe of the second-stage heat exchanger 8. The internal cavity of the central tube 1 is the passage for the process gas. The process gas flows down from the top of the central tube 1 to its bottom and then to the core vent pipe of the second-stage heat exchanger 8.

[0024] The entire device has a reasonable structural design, which changes the traditional air intake path of the preheating start-up gas. Through the short central tube 2 structure, the preheating start-up gas can be quickly introduced into the reaction chamber, thus improving the preheating start-up efficiency.

[0025] The above provides several embodiments for solving the thermal expansion problem of the reactor preheating device in the ammonia synthesis tower internals. It should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A reactor preheating device for the internal components of an ammonia synthesis tower, characterized in that: It includes a central tube, with a short central tube sleeved around it. The top of the short central tube is fixedly connected to the top of the central tube, but the short central tube is not connected to the central tube. A start-up air inlet is provided on one side of the upper end of the short central tube, and an air outlet is provided at the lower end of the short central tube. A support ring is fixedly provided at the upper end of the first-stage heat exchanger, and a piston ring is provided on the outer wall of the bottom of the short central tube. The piston ring is in clearance fit with the support ring of the first-stage heat exchanger.

2. The preheating device for the reactor internals of the ammonia synthesis tower according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper end of the outer cylinder of the reactor is a cylindrical cover plate with an insertion hole in the center. The outer wall of the middle part of the short central tube is connected to the insertion hole. The start-up gas inlet of the short central tube is above the cylindrical cover plate, and the gas outlet is below the cylindrical cover plate.

3. The preheating device for the reactor internals of the ammonia synthesis tower according to claim 1, characterized in that: The central tube is a cylindrical straight tube, and the short central tube is also cylindrical with a larger inner diameter than the central tube. The top outer wall of the central tube and the inner wall of the short central tube form a venting cavity that is wider at the top and narrower at the bottom. The inner diameter of the upper end of the venting cavity is larger than the inner diameter of the lower end.

4. The reactor preheating device for the internal components of the ammonia synthesis tower according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support ring is a cylindrical structure, with its lower end fixedly connected to the top of the first-stage heat exchanger, and its inner wall in contact with the piston ring.

5. The reactor preheating device for the internal components of the ammonia synthesis tower according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower outer wall of the short central tube is provided with multiple annular grooves for installing piston rings to prevent the reverse permeation of the reaction gas.

6. The reactor preheating device for the internal components of the ammonia synthesis tower according to claim 1, characterized in that: A gap is provided between the first-stage heat exchanger and the support ring and the outer wall of the central tube, serving as a passage for the start-up gas. The outlet of the short central tube is connected to this passage.

7. The reactor preheating device for the internal components of the ammonia synthesis tower according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second-stage heat exchanger includes heat exchange tubes and a core vent tube, with the central tube connected to the core vent tube of the second-stage heat exchanger.

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