Spindle, swing head and machining center

Abstract

The utility model provides a kind of main shaft, swing head and machining center, it is related to machine tool technical field, the main shaft includes main shaft body, mandrel, fixed seat and rotating support, the fixed seat is set in the front end side of the main shaft body;The fixed seat has inner chamber, and the rotating support is located in the inner chamber;The rotating support includes outer ring and the inner ring that can rotate relative to the outer ring, and the mandrel is fixedly arranged in the inner ring;Adjusting ring seat is set between the fixed seat and the outer ring;The outer ring is fixedly connected with the inner ring wall of the adjusting ring seat;The adjusting ring seat is adjustably arranged in the inner chamber in axial direction;Locking member is set on the fixed seat, and the locking member is used to lock the relative position of the adjusting ring seat and the fixed seat after the relative position of the adjusting ring seat is adjusted and determined relative to the fixed seat.The utility model can improve installation efficiency, and adjustment efficiency is also higher.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of machine tool technology, specifically to a spindle, a swivel head, and a machining center. Background Technology

[0002] In a machining center, the bearings inside the spindle are important components that support the rotation of the spindle. Their assembly accuracy and rigidity can affect the machining stability of the machining center.

[0003] The assembly of existing bearings within the spindle typically requires pre-tightening to improve bearing rigidity and rotational accuracy. Positioning pre-tightening, as one type of pre-tightening, uses shims and spacers to ensure the height difference between the inner and outer rings of the bearing, thus achieving positioning pre-tightening. For example, utility model patent CN 218836109U discloses a belt-driven precision CNC lathe spindle unit, including a spindle body 1 and a spindle cylinder 3. The spindle body 1 is movably mounted in the middle of the inner side of the spindle cylinder 3. Two sets of second bearings 5 ​​are sleeved between one end of the spindle body 1 and the spindle cylinder 3, and three sets of first bearings 4 are sleeved between the other end of the spindle body 1 and the spindle cylinder 3. Both the first bearings 4 and the second bearings 5 ​​are angular contact ball bearings. A second shim 14 is provided between each set of first bearings 4 and second bearings 5. A first shim 13 is provided between the spindle body 1 and the spindle cylinder 3 to cooperate with the first bearings 4 and second bearings 5. A bearing cap 2 is fixedly sleeved on the outer surface of one end of the main spindle body 1, and a synchronous pulley 7 is fixedly sleeved on the other end of the main spindle body 1. An outer spacer 16 is provided at one end between the main spindle body 1 and the main spindle cylinder 3, and an inner spacer 17 is sleeved on the outer surface of the outer spacer 16. A waterproof cap 12 is sleeved between the other end of the main spindle cylinder 3 and the main spindle body 1, and a cylinder nut 6 is installed at the end of the main spindle cylinder 3. A brake pad 10 is provided on the outer surface of the main spindle body 1 at one end of the synchronous pulley 7, and a hydraulic cylinder connecting plate 9 is provided on one side of the brake pad 10. A sealing spacer 8 is provided between the main spindle body 1 and the brake pad 10, an encoder 11 is provided on one side of the synchronous pulley 7, and locking nuts 15 for fixing the first bearing 4 and the second bearing 5 are provided between the main spindle cylinder 3 and the main spindle body 1.

[0004] In this patent, the preload of the bearing is adjusted by a second shim 14 located in the middle of the bearing, so that the bearing is kept in a good preload state. However, this method requires the shim to be fitted and other processing, and the installation efficiency is not high. Utility Model Content

[0005] The main purpose of this invention is to provide a spindle, oscillating head, and machining center with higher installation and adjustment efficiency.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution:

[0007] In a first aspect, this utility model provides a spindle, including a spindle body, a spindle, a fixed base, and a rotating support member. The fixed base is disposed on the front end side of the spindle body; the fixed base has an inner cavity, and the rotating support member is located in the inner cavity; the rotating support member includes an outer ring and an inner ring that can rotate relative to the outer ring, and the spindle is fixedly disposed in the inner ring; the spindle further includes:

[0008] An adjusting ring seat is disposed between the fixed seat and the outer ring; the outer ring is fixedly connected to the inner ring wall of the adjusting ring seat; the adjusting ring seat is axially adjustable in the inner cavity.

[0009] A locking device is disposed on the fixed base, and the locking device is used to lock the relative position of the adjusting ring seat and the fixed base after the position of the adjusting ring seat relative to the fixed base is adjusted and determined.

[0010] In one embodiment of the spindle, an adjusting part is provided on the outer ring wall of the adjusting ring seat, and a mating part that cooperates with the adjusting part is provided on the cavity wall of the inner cavity. The adjusting part and the mating part are threaded or plugged into each other.

[0011] In one embodiment of the spindle, an adjusting cover is also included, which is fixedly disposed on an axial end side of the adjusting ring seat, and the adjusting cover abuts against an axial edge of the outer ring.

[0012] The other axial end of the adjusting ring seat is provided with an inner step that protrudes in the axial direction, and the inner step abuts against the other axial edge of the outer ring.

[0013] In one embodiment of the spindle, the rotating support includes two bearings and a spacer ring located between the two bearings. The spacer ring includes an outer spacer ring and an inner spacer ring that is coaxial with the outer spacer ring and does not contact it. The outer spacer ring is located between and abuts against the outer rings of the two bearings, and the inner spacer ring is located between and abuts against the inner rings of the two bearings.

[0014] In one embodiment of the spindle, the mandrel has an outer step that abuts against an axial edge of the inner ring;

[0015] A locking nut is also provided on the mandrel, the inner ring is located between the locking nut and the outer step, and the locking nut abuts against the other axial edge of the inner ring.

[0016] In one embodiment of the spindle, the locking fastener includes an abutting portion that abuts against the adjusting ring seat to lock the adjusting ring seat;

[0017] The locking device includes a locking ring, and the adjusting ring seat is located on the inner ring side of the locking ring; the actuating part includes a thread on the inner circumference of the locking ring, and the inner circumference of the locking ring is threadedly engaged with the outer ring wall of the adjusting ring seat.

[0018] In one embodiment of the spindle, the fixed base is provided with a cooling channel for cooling the adjusting ring seat, and the cooling channel is arranged in a square wave shape extending upward from the inner periphery of the fixed base.

[0019] Secondly, this utility model provides a swaying head, a swaying head frame, and a main shaft as described above, the main shaft being swayably mounted on the swaying head frame.

[0020] In one embodiment of the oscillating head, the oscillating head frame includes a C-axis connecting part for connection with a C-axis drive component, and the main shaft is located below the C-axis connecting part;

[0021] The oscillating head frame includes a U-shaped frame, and the main shaft is located inside the U-shaped opening of the U-shaped frame.

[0022] Thirdly, this utility model also provides a machining center, including a spindle as described above, or a swivel head as described above.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are:

[0024] In this invention, the fixed seat provides installation space for the adjusting ring seat and locking fastener, and the adjusting ring seat fixes the outer ring of the rotating support component. Simultaneously, the adjusting ring seat can move relative to the fixed seat, thus changing the position of the outer ring relative to the inner ring, thereby adjusting the axial position of the outer ring relative to the inner ring. This achieves pre-tightening of the rotating support component, helping to ensure the rotational accuracy of the mandrel and supporting more stable machining results. Furthermore, this pre-tightening method improves installation efficiency and adjustment efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an existing spindle that uses shims for bearing preload.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the spindle provided by this utility model in one embodiment;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a partial cross-sectional structural diagram of the spindle provided by this utility model in one embodiment;

[0028] Figure 4 This is a perspective structural diagram of the fixing base provided by this utility model in one embodiment;

[0029] Figure 5This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the oscillating head provided by this utility model in one embodiment.

[0030] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0031] Spindle 1;

[0032] Main spindle body 11;

[0033] Mandrel 12; Outer step 121;

[0034] Mounting base 13; Inner cavity 131; Cooling channel 132;

[0035] Rotary support 14; Inner ring 141; Outer ring 142; Separator ring 143;

[0036] Adjusting ring seat 15; Inner ring wall 151; Outer ring wall 152; Adjusting cover 154; Inner step 155;

[0037] Locking device 16; Locking ring 161;

[0038] Lock nut 17;

[0039] Shake head 2;

[0040] Head oscillating frame 21; C-axis connecting part 22. Detailed Implementation

[0041] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0042] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as being "set on" another component, it can be directly set on the other component or there may be an intervening component. When a component is referred to as being "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or there may be an intervening component. When a component is referred to as being "mounted on" another component, it can be directly mounted on the other component or there may be an intervening component.

[0043] Furthermore, it should be understood that all directional indications in the embodiments (such as up, down, left, right, center, etc.) are only used to explain the relative positional relationships and movement of the components in a specific posture (as shown in the figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indications will also change accordingly. Terms such as "first" and "second" are used to distinguish different structural components. These terms are only for the purpose of simplifying the description of this utility model and should not be construed as limiting this utility model.

[0044] The spindle provided by this invention mainly uses two components with adjustable relative axial positions to adjust the rotating support to achieve pre-tightening. After adjustment, a locking device is used to lock it in place to maintain the required pre-tightening state.

[0045] See Figures 2 to 4 This invention illustrates the structure of the spindle and mounting base provided by this utility model. In this utility model, the spindle 1 may include a spindle body 11, a spindle 12, a mounting base 13, and a rotating support 14. The mounting base 13 is disposed on the front end side of the spindle body 11 (i.e.,...). Figure 3 (Lower end side). The fixed base 13 has an inner cavity 131, and the rotating support 14 is located in the inner cavity 131. The rotating support 14 may include a rotatable inner ring 141 and an outer ring 142 fixed relative to the inner ring 141, and the spindle 12 is fixedly disposed in the inner ring 141. The spindle 12 can rotate under the drive of the rotor or an external transmission shaft, and the inner ring 141 can rotate relative to the outer ring along with the spindle 12, while the outer ring 142 remains relatively fixed. Here, it is preferable that the spindle 12 is connected to the rotor of the direct drive motor, and another rotating support (not shown) may be provided on the top of the spindle 1 to achieve rotational positioning. More specifically, the spindle 12 may be a shaft with a central water outlet channel.

[0046] It is understandable that the height difference (i.e., axial position difference) between the inner ring 141 and the outer ring 142 can affect the rotational accuracy of the spindle 12 to a certain extent, thereby affecting the actual machining effect. To make the height difference between the inner ring 141 and the outer ring 142 adjustable, the spindle 1 provided by this utility model is equipped with an adjusting ring seat 15 and a locking fastener 16, wherein:

[0047] The adjusting ring seat 15 is disposed between the fixed seat 13 and the outer ring 142. The outer ring 142 is fixedly connected to the inner ring wall 151 of the adjusting ring seat 15, and the adjusting ring seat 15 is axially adjustable in the inner cavity 131.

[0048] The locking fastener 16 is disposed on the fixed base 13. The locking fastener 16 is used to lock the relative position of the adjusting ring seat 15 and the fixed base 13 after the position of the adjusting ring seat 15 relative to the fixed base 13 is adjusted and determined.

[0049] In this invention, the fixed base 13 provides installation space for the adjusting ring seat 15 and the locking fastener 16. The adjusting ring seat 15 fixes the outer ring 142 of the rotating support 14. Simultaneously, the adjusting ring seat 15 can move relative to the fixed base 13. Therefore, adjusting the axial position of the adjusting ring seat 15 can cause the outer ring 142 to change position, thereby adjusting the axial position of the outer ring 142 relative to the inner ring 141. This achieves pre-tightening of the rotating support 14, helping to ensure the rotational accuracy of the mandrel 12 and supporting a more stable machining effect. Furthermore, this pre-tightening method improves installation efficiency and adjustment efficiency.

[0050] like Figure 3 As shown, both the fixed seat 13 and the adjusting ring seat 15 are rotating bodies. The fixed seat 13 has a cylindrical inner cavity 131. The outer ring wall 152 of the adjusting ring seat 15 contacts the cavity wall of the inner cavity 131, and the adjusting ring seat 15 can move axially relative to the fixed seat 13. The inner ring wall 151 of the adjusting ring seat 15 contacts the outer ring 142 of the rotating support member 14 and forms a fixed connection. Here, an adjusting part (not shown) is provided on the outer ring wall 152 of the adjusting ring seat 15, and a mating part (not shown) is provided on the cavity wall of the inner cavity 131 to cooperate with the adjusting part. The adjusting part and the mating part are rotatably engaged. More specifically, the adjusting part has an external thread, and the mating part has an internal thread, and the adjusting part and the mating part are threadedly engaged.

[0051] The adjusting ring seat 15 may further include a fixedly disposed on one axial end side of the adjusting ring seat 15. Figure 3 The adjusting cap 154 ​​on the side where the bottom end of the middle adjusting ring seat is located, the adjusting cap 154 ​​and an axial edge of the outer ring 1 ( Figure 3 The bottom end of the outer ring is located on the side that abuts against it. Correspondingly, the other axial end of the adjusting ring seat 15 ( Figure 3 The top of the middle adjusting ring seat is provided with an inner step 155 that protrudes in the axial direction. The inner step 155 and the other axial edge of the outer ring 142 are connected. Figure 3 The inner step 155 abuts against the bottom of the adjusting ring seat. By utilizing the cooperation between the inner step 155 and the adjusting cover 154, a fixed clamping can be formed on the outer ring 142 of the rotating support 14. Therefore, when adjusting the axial position of the adjusting ring seat 15, the outer ring 142 of the rotating support 14 is moved at the same time to achieve adjustment.

[0052] The mandrel 12 has an outer step 121, which abuts against one axial edge of the inner ring 141. A locking nut 17 is also provided on the mandrel 12, with the inner ring 141 located between the locking nut 17 and the outer step 121, and the locking nut 17 abutting against another axial edge of the inner ring 141. Thus, the inner ring 141 on the mandrel 12 can be fixed by being clamped by the outer step 121 and the locking nut 17.

[0053] In this invention, the rotating support 14 may include two bearings and a separator ring 143 located between the two bearings. Specifically, the separator ring 143 may include an outer separator ring (located on the inner ring side of the separator ring in the figure) and an inner separator ring (located on the outer ring side of the separator ring in the figure), which is coaxial with the outer separator ring and does not contact it. The outer separator ring is located between and abuts against the outer rings of the two bearings, and the inner separator ring is located between and abuts against the inner rings of the two bearings. This achieves separation between the two bearings without affecting the rotation of the inner rings relative to the outer rings.

[0054] In this invention, the locking fastener 16 may include an abutting part that abuts against the adjusting ring seat 15 to lock the adjusting ring seat 15. The abutting part may be a telescopic rod. Correspondingly, a hole that mates with the telescopic rod may be provided on the outer ring wall 152 of the adjusting ring seat 15. The telescopic rod is inserted into the hole to achieve a plug-in fit, thereby locking the position of the adjusting ring seat 15. Of course, in some variant structures, the locking fastener 161 may also be provided on the adjusting ring seat 15. In this case, the telescopic rod can be inserted into a corresponding hole provided on the fixed base 13 to achieve position locking between the two.

[0055] Furthermore, such as Figure 3 As shown, the locking device 16 may include a locking ring 161, which is disposed on the fixed base 13. The adjusting ring seat 15 is located on the inner ring side of the locking ring 161. In this embodiment, the actuating part may include a thread (not shown) provided on the inner circumference of the locking ring 161, and the inner circumference of the locking ring 161 is threadedly engaged with the outer ring wall 152 of the adjusting ring seat 15.

[0056] In this utility model, to facilitate the adjustment of the adjusting ring seat 15 and the locking ring 161, the outer cover surface of the adjusting cover 154 ( Figure 3 The bottom end face of the adjusting cover is also provided with a bayonet groove, and similarly, on the outer end face of the locking ring 161 ( Figure 3The bottom end face of the locking ring is also provided with a locking groove. Preferably, the threaded engagement direction between the adjusting ring seat 15 and the fixed seat 13 is the same as or opposite to the threaded engagement direction between the adjusting ring seat 15 and the locking ring 161. Before adjustment, the locking ring 161 can be rotated clockwise using the locking groove on the locking ring 161 to release the locking ring 161 from the adjusting ring seat 15, preferably by separating their threads. At this time, the adjusting ring seat 15 can move axially relative to the fixed seat 13. Afterward, the adjusting pressure cover 154 is rotated to make the adjusting ring seat 15 screw in (downward) relative to the fixed seat 13, thereby achieving downward pressure and pre-tightening of the outer ring 142. Afterward, rotating the locking ring 161 counterclockwise can lock the position of the adjusting ring seat 15.

[0057] See Figure 4 The fixed base 13 is provided with a cooling channel 132 for cooling the adjusting ring seat 15. The cooling channel 132 is located within the body of the fixed base 13 and is arranged around the axis of the fixed base 13. The cooling channel 132 extends horizontally (corresponding to the circumferential direction) and vertically (axially) adjacently within the body of the fixed base 13, repeatedly bending, that is, it extends upward in a square wave shape within the body of the fixed base 13. By cooling the adjusting ring seat 15, the adjusting ring seat 15 can further cool the outer ring 142 of the rotating support member 14, thereby reducing the heat accumulation generated by the rotating support member 14 during the rotation of the supporting spindle 12, which is beneficial for maintaining rotational accuracy and supporting more stable machining operations.

[0058] See Figure 5 The present invention also provides a swaying head structure, wherein the swaying head 2 may include a swaying head frame and the aforementioned main shaft 1, wherein the main shaft 1 is swayably mounted on the swaying head frame 21.

[0059] In the figure, the oscillating head frame 21 may include a C-axis connecting part 22 for connecting with the C-axis transmission component, and the main shaft 1 is located below the C-axis connecting part 22; the oscillating head frame 21 includes a U-shaped frame, and the main shaft 1 is located inside the U-shaped opening of the U-shaped frame.

[0060] In addition, this utility model also provides a machining center, which includes the aforementioned spindle or the aforementioned oscillating head.

[0061] The contents not described in detail in this specification are existing technologies known to those skilled in the art.

[0062] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A spindle (1), comprising a spindle body (11), a spindle (12), a fixed seat (13), and a rotating support (14), wherein the fixed seat (13) is disposed on the front end side of the spindle body (11); the fixed seat (13) has an inner cavity (131), and the rotating support (14) is located in the inner cavity (131); the rotating support (14) comprises an outer ring (142) and an inner ring (141) rotatable relative to the outer ring (142), and the spindle (12) is fixedly disposed in the inner ring (141); characterized in that, Also includes: An adjusting ring seat (15) is disposed between the fixed seat (13) and the outer ring (142); the outer ring (142) is fixedly connected to the inner ring wall (151) of the adjusting ring seat (15); the adjusting ring seat (15) is axially adjustable in the inner cavity (131); A locking fastener (16) is disposed on the fixed seat (13) or the adjusting ring seat (15). The locking fastener (16) is used to lock the relative position of the adjusting ring seat (15) and the fixed seat (13) after the position of the adjusting ring seat (15) relative to the fixed seat (13) is adjusted and determined.

2. The spindle as described in claim 1, characterized in that, An adjustment part is provided on the outer ring wall (152) of the adjustment ring seat (15), and a mating part that cooperates with the adjustment part is provided on the cavity wall of the inner cavity (131). The adjustment part and the mating part are threaded or plugged into each other.

3. The spindle as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an adjusting cover (154) fixedly disposed on an axial end side of the adjusting ring seat (15), the adjusting cover (154) abutting against an axial edge of the outer ring (142); The other axial end of the adjusting ring seat (15) is provided with an inner step (155) protruding in the axial direction, and the inner step (155) abuts against the other axial edge of the outer ring (142).

4. The spindle as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The rotating support (14) includes two bearings and a partition ring (143) located between the two bearings. The partition ring (143) includes an outer partition ring and an inner partition ring that is coaxial with the outer partition ring and does not contact it. The outer partition ring is located between and abuts against the outer rings of the two bearings, and the inner partition ring is located between and abuts against the inner rings of the two bearings.

5. The spindle as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The mandrel (12) has an outer step (121) that abuts against an axial edge of the inner ring (141); A locking nut (17) is also provided on the mandrel (12), the inner ring (141) is located between the locking nut (17) and the outer step (121), and the locking nut (17) abuts against the other axial edge of the inner ring (141).

6. The spindle as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The locking fastener (16) includes an abutting part that abuts against the adjusting ring seat (15) to lock the adjusting ring seat (15); The locking device (16) includes a locking ring (161), and the adjusting ring seat (15) is located on the inner ring side of the locking ring (161); the actuating part includes a thread on the inner circumference of the locking ring (161), and the inner circumference of the locking ring (161) is threadedly engaged with the outer ring wall (152) of the adjusting ring seat (15).

7. The spindle as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The fixed base (13) is provided with a cooling channel (132) for cooling the adjusting ring seat (15). The cooling channel (132) is arranged in a square wave shape and extends upward on the inner periphery of the fixed base (13).

8. A head swing device and a head swing frame, characterized in that, It also includes a spindle as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, the spindle being oscillatingly mounted on the oscillating head frame.

9. The head swinging mechanism as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The oscillating head frame includes a C-axis connecting part for connecting with a C-axis transmission component, and the main shaft is located below the C-axis connecting part; The oscillating head frame includes a U-shaped frame, and the main shaft is located inside the U-shaped opening of the U-shaped frame.

10. A machining center, characterized in that, Includes the spindle as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, or the oscillating head as described in any one of claims 8 to 9.

Images