Charging pile topology structure

Abstract

The utility model provides a kind of charging pile topology structure, including multiple charging modules and multiple parallel contactors, the number of multiple charging modules is 24, the power of multiple charging modules is equal respectively, multiple charging modules are sequentially connected, one parallel contactor is set between adjacent charging modules, to form 24 polygon outer ring structure, by analyzing the topology structure of non-full matrix flexible charging pile, important parameters (island rate, efficiency) of non-full matrix flexible charging pile are defined, and according to the increment generated by the efficiency of charging pile topology structure with the increase of switching capacity, and the increment generated by the number of multiple parallel contactors with the increase of switching capacity, charging pile topology structure is optimized, so that the important parameters (island rate, efficiency) of non-full matrix flexible charging pile can be quantitatively and detailedly evaluated by scientific method, and the efficiency and cost of non-full matrix flexible charging pile can be balanced to find the most cost-effective optimization scheme of charging pile topology structure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to a charging pile topology. Background Technology

[0002] As the market for new energy vehicles continues to grow, the demand for charging stations, as supporting equipment for electric vehicles, is also increasing. To meet the growing charging demand, split-type charging stations, with their extremely high charging module utilization rate, can make full use of limited charging module resources to reduce resource waste.

[0003] By using a split-type charging pile and terminal structure, each set of split equipment can support charging for a maximum number of vehicles with a maximum number of charging modules. Among them, the full-matrix charging pile is the optimal solution for the split type. Each charging module is an independent unit and can be independently scheduled to charge any terminal's output circuit to charge the vehicle, regardless of the power distribution topology. However, as the charging power increases, the full-matrix solution requires a larger overall structural size for the charging pile, and the price also increases exponentially. In terms of the return on investment for charging stations, the cost-effectiveness is extremely low.

[0004] Non-full-matrix flexible charging piles are more economical than full-matrix piles, but the utilization rate of charging modules is lower due to limitations in their power distribution topology. In practical use, there are situations where charging modules cannot be scheduled to charge other output circuits, which may worsen the user's charging experience. Utility Model Content

[0005] Therefore, how to use scientific methods to quantitatively and thoroughly evaluate the key parameters (islanding rate, efficiency) of non-full matrix flexible charging piles, and how to balance the efficiency and cost of non-full matrix flexible charging piles to find the most cost-effective optimal solution are urgent problems to be solved.

[0006] This utility model was made in view of the above situation, and its purpose is to provide a charging pile topology. By analyzing the topology of non-full matrix flexible charging piles, the important parameters (islanding rate, efficiency) of non-full matrix flexible charging piles are defined. Based on the increase in efficiency of the charging pile topology with the increase in switching capacity, and the increase in the number of multiple parallel contactors with the increase in switching capacity, the charging pile topology is optimized. Thus, the important parameters (islanding rate, efficiency) of non-full matrix flexible charging piles can be quantitatively and in detail evaluated using scientific methods. Furthermore, the efficiency and cost of non-full matrix flexible charging piles can be balanced to find the most cost-effective and optimized solution for the charging pile topology.

[0007] Technical solutions to solve technical problems

[0008] To address the aforementioned problems, the charging pile topology according to the first aspect of this utility model includes multiple charging modules and multiple parallel contactors, characterized in that...

[0009] The number of charging modules is 24, and each charging module has the same power output.

[0010] The multiple charging modules are connected in sequence, and a parallel contactor is provided between each adjacent charging module to form a 24-sided outer ring structure.

[0011] Within the outer ring structure, eight charging modules are connected to form three octagonal inner ring structures, and a parallel contactor is provided on each side of the octagonal inner ring structure.

[0012] Furthermore, the number of charging modules that a given charging module can be directly connected to via a single parallel contactor is defined as the switching capacity.

[0013] Each of the multiple charging modules has a switching capacity of 4.

[0014] Furthermore, the parallel contactor includes a positive contactor and a negative contactor.

[0015] The total number of the positive and negative contactors is 96.

[0016] Furthermore, when all charging modules adjacent to a certain charging module are used for charging, the certain charging module forms an island. The probability of island formation in the charging pile topology is defined as the islanding rate f(x).

[0017] Let x be the number of the multiple charging modules that are used for charging simultaneously.

[0018] When x < 4, f(x) = 0.

[0019] Furthermore, let the efficiency of the charging pile topology be P.

[0020] When x < 4, P = 1.

[0021] The charging pile topology according to the second aspect of this utility model includes multiple charging modules and multiple parallel contactors, characterized in that...

[0022] The number of charging modules is 24, and each charging module has the same power output.

[0023] The multiple charging modules are connected in sequence, and a parallel contactor is provided between each adjacent charging module to form a 24-sided outer ring structure.

[0024] Within the outer ring structure, every 12 charging modules are connected to form two 12-sided inner ring structures, and each side of the 12-sided inner ring structure is provided with a parallel contactor.

[0025] Furthermore, the number of charging modules that a given charging module can be directly connected to via a single parallel contactor is defined as the switching capacity.

[0026] Each of the multiple charging modules has a switching capacity of 4.

[0027] Furthermore, the parallel contactor includes a positive contactor and a negative contactor.

[0028] The total number of the positive and negative contactors is 96.

[0029] Furthermore, when all charging modules adjacent to a certain charging module are used for charging, the certain charging module forms an island. The probability of island formation in the charging pile topology is defined as the islanding rate f(x).

[0030] Let x be the number of the multiple charging modules that are used for charging simultaneously.

[0031] When x < 4, f(x) = 0.

[0032] Furthermore, let the efficiency of the charging pile topology be P.

[0033] When x < 4, P = 1.

[0034] Utility Model Effect

[0035] According to this invention, by analyzing the topology of non-full-matrix flexible charging piles, key parameters (islanding rate, efficiency) of non-full-matrix flexible charging piles are defined. Furthermore, based on the increase in efficiency of the charging pile topology with increasing switching capacity, and the increase in the number of multiple parallel contactors with increasing switching capacity, the charging pile topology is optimized. This allows for a quantitative and detailed evaluation of the key parameters (islanding rate, efficiency) of non-full-matrix flexible charging piles using scientific methods. It also enables a balance between efficiency and cost of non-full-matrix flexible charging piles to find the most cost-effective and optimized topology solution. Attached Figure Description

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a ring-shaped topology in a non-full-matrix flexible charging pile.

[0037] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a diagonal star topology in a non-full matrix flexible charging pile.

[0038] Figure 3A This is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a triangular star-ring topology in a non-full-matrix flexible charging pile.

[0039] Figure 3B This is a simplified schematic diagram illustrating the triangular star-ring topology of a non-full matrix flexible charging pile.

[0040] Figure 4A This is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a quadrangular ring topology in a non-full matrix flexible charging pile.

[0041] Figure 4B This is a simplified schematic diagram illustrating the four-pointed star ring topology of a non-full matrix flexible charging pile.

[0042] Figure 5 This is a simplified schematic diagram of a star-ring topology with a switching capacity of 5 in a non-full-matrix flexible charging pile.

[0043] Figure 6 This is a simplified schematic diagram of a star-ring topology with a switching capacity of 6 in a non-full-matrix flexible charging pile.

[0044] Figure 7 This is a simplified schematic diagram of a star-ring topology with a switching capacity of 11 in a non-full-matrix flexible charging pile.

[0045] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the number of vehicles charging simultaneously and the islanding rate in a non-full matrix flexible charging pile with 24 charging modules and switching capacities of 2, 3, and 4 respectively. Detailed Implementation

[0046] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. These embodiments are implemented based on the technical solution of the present invention, providing detailed implementation methods and specific operating procedures. However, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0047] For ease of description, spatial relative terms such as “below,” “under,” “down,” “above,” “up,” etc., may be used herein to describe the relationship of one element or feature relative to another element or feature as shown in the figure. It should be understood that spatial relative terms are intended to include different orientations of the device used or operated in addition to those shown in the figure. For example, if the device in the figure were flipped, an element described as “below” or “under” other elements or features would be oriented as “above” other elements or features.

[0048] Unless otherwise specified, the terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. Terms should be understood to have the meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formalized manner, unless explicitly stated otherwise herein.

[0049] <Split-type DC charging pile topology>

[0050] Below, we will first explain the basic concepts of the split-type DC charging pile topology.

[0051] Based on the topology of their DC contactors, split-type DC charging piles (group DC charging piles) can be divided into full-matrix charging piles and other non-full-matrix flexible charging piles. Among them, the mainstream non-full-matrix flexible charging piles can be divided into ring-parallel topology, diagonal star-parallel topology, star-ring-parallel topology, etc., according to their switching capabilities.

[0052] The power distribution of a full-matrix charging station is accomplished through PDUs (Power Distribution Units). The number of PDUs, n, equals the number of output circuits, which is the maximum number of vehicles that can be charged simultaneously. Assuming there are m charging modules, and since each output circuit needs to connect the positive and negative terminals of all charging modules, each output circuit corresponds to 2m contactors (m positive contactors + m negative contactors). Therefore, the total number of contactors required for a distributed full-matrix charging station is 2mn. Furthermore, the maximum number of vehicles that can be charged simultaneously cannot exceed the number of charging modules, i.e., n ≤ m. Therefore, the maximum number of contactors is 2m. 2 .

[0053] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a ring-shaped topology in a non-full-matrix flexible charging pile. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a diagonal star topology in a non-full matrix flexible charging pile.

[0054] like Figure 1 As shown, the non-full matrix flexible charging pile with a ring-shaped parallel topology connects adjacent charging modules AU pairwise through a parallel contactor K, ultimately forming a closed loop. Each charging module prioritizes charging vehicles in its corresponding output circuit. Only when there is no charging demand in that output circuit, i.e., when the charging module is in an idle state, can it be scheduled to charge other output circuits. Assuming there are m charging modules, the number of contactors required for a single pole of the distributed ring-shaped parallel charging pile is m, and the total number of contactors required is 2m.

[0055] like Figure 2As shown, the non-full matrix flexible charging pile with a diagonal star topology is based on a ring topology, where the diagonal charging modules are connected in pairs to form an outer ring structure plus a diagonal star structure. Assuming there are m charging modules, the number of contactors required for a single pole of the distributed diagonal star charging pile is 3 / 2m, and the total number of contactors required is 3m.

[0056] Furthermore, the switching capacity is defined as the number of charging modules that each charging module can directly connect to through a single parallel contactor. In a ring-parallel topology, each charging module can be directly connected to two other charging modules, so the switching capacity of the ring-parallel topology is 2; in a diagonal star-parallel topology, each charging module can be directly connected to three other charging modules, so the switching capacity of the diagonal star-parallel topology is 3. Assuming there are m charging modules, if each charging module can be directly connected to k other charging modules, then the switching capacity is k, where k ≤ m - 1.

[0057] Next, use Figure 3A , Figure 3B , Figure 4A , Figure 4B The following explanation will be based on the case where there are 12 charging modules and a switching capacity of 4.

[0058] Figure 3A This is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a triangular star-ring topology in a non-full-matrix flexible charging pile. Figure 3B This is a simplified schematic diagram illustrating the triangular star-ring topology of a non-full matrix flexible charging pile. Figure 4A This is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of a quadrangular ring topology in a non-full matrix flexible charging pile. Figure 4B This is a simplified schematic diagram illustrating the four-pointed star ring topology of a non-full matrix flexible charging pile.

[0059] The star-ring parallel topology is defined as follows: Based on the ring parallel topology, every n charging modules are connected to form an n-sided polygon, which eventually forms an outer ring structure plus an inner ring structure of n-sided polygons. The number of inner ring structures is m / n, where n is a common multiple of the number m of charging modules and satisfies 2 < n ≤ m / 2.

[0060] like Figure 3A , Figure 3B , Figure 4A , Figure 4B As shown, even if the number of sides of the star-ring topology is different, the tangency of both the triangular star-ring topology and the quadrangular star-ring topology is 4.

[0061] Figure 5 This is a simplified schematic diagram of a star-ring topology with a switching capacity of 5 in a non-full-matrix flexible charging pile. Figure 6This is a simplified schematic diagram of a star-ring topology with a switching capacity of 6 in a non-full-matrix flexible charging pile. Figure 7 This is a simplified schematic diagram of a star-ring topology with a switching capacity of 11 in a non-full-matrix flexible charging pile.

[0062] like Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 As shown, the larger the value of k, the closer the working capacity of the non-full matrix flexible charging pile is to that of the full matrix charging pile; when the switching capacity k = m-1, the working capacity of the non-full matrix flexible charging pile is closest to that of the full matrix charging pile.

[0063] <Definitions of Islanding Rate and Efficiency>

[0064] Through detailed analysis of the topology of non-full-matrix flexible charging piles, the inventors of this invention have defined two key parameters for non-full-matrix flexible charging piles: islanding rate and efficiency. The islanding rate and efficiency of non-full-matrix flexible charging piles will be explained in detail below.

[0065] (The emergence of isolated islands)

[0066] First, the meaning of "island" in the "island rate" defined by the inventor of this utility model will be explained.

[0067] In the topology of a non-full-matrix flexible charging pile, a single charging module is limited by its switching capability and needs to pass through the circuit of an adjacent charging module in order to switch to the output circuit of another charging module.

[0068] by Figure 1 Taking the ring-parallel topology shown as an example, in the idle state, the output circuit of charging module AU1 can directly schedule charging modules AU2 and AUm, and then schedule charging modules AU3 or AUm-1 through the circuit of charging module AU2 or AUm. However, when charging modules AU2 and AUm are occupied, the output circuit of charging module AU1 cannot schedule other charging modules besides charging module AU1, and at this time, the output circuit of charging module AU1 forms an island.

[0069] by Figure 2 Taking the diagonal star topology shown as an example, in the idle state, the output circuit of charging module AU1 can directly schedule charging modules AU2 and AUm, as well as the diagonally opposite charging module AUm / 2, and then schedule other charging modules through charging modules AU2, AUm, or AUm / 2. When the three charging modules (AU2, AUm, and AUm / 2) directly connected to charging module AU1 are occupied at the same time, the output circuit of charging module AU1 forms an island.

[0070] As the switching capacity increases, the probability of islanding decreases until the switching capacity increases to m-1. Furthermore, in the case of a full-matrix charging pile topology, all charging modules can be arbitrarily scheduled to the output circuit of any other charging module without needing to pass through other charging module circuits; in this case, islanding does not exist. Additionally, islanding only occurs when the charging module to be scheduled is in an idle state. When the charging module is working, it cannot be called upon and therefore cannot be defined as an island.

[0071] Furthermore, the discussion of islanding must be based on a single output circuit. The premise for islanding is that all charging modules directly connected to that output circuit, besides the corresponding charging module, are occupied. There is no situation where two or more output circuits together form an island.

[0072] (Island isolation rate)

[0073] Next, the islanding rate as defined by the inventors of this utility model will be explained in detail. In this application, the islanding rate refers to the probability of island formation. Through detailed analysis of the topology of non-full-matrix flexible charging piles, the inventors of this utility model have summarized the calculation formula for the islanding rate Q = f(x) as follows:

[0074]

[0075] Where m is the number of charging modules, k is the switching capacity, and x is the number of new energy vehicles charging simultaneously.

[0076] When x < k, that is, when the number of new energy vehicles charging at the same time is less than the switching capacity of the topology, there is no islanding situation.

[0077] Furthermore, islanding is predicated on the condition that idle charging modules cannot be reassigned to other output circuits. Therefore, islanding requires that the number of new energy vehicles charging simultaneously is less than the number of charging modules, i.e., x ≤ m-1. Additionally, the switching capacity must be less than the number of charging modules, i.e., k ≤ m-1.

[0078] (efficiency)

[0079] Next, the efficiency as defined by the inventor of this utility model will be described in detail. The definition of efficiency uses the definition of islanding rate.

[0080] A full-matrix charging pile, with its complete topology, allows all its charging modules to operate completely independently and be scheduled arbitrarily. The scheduling capability of a full-matrix charging pile for its charging modules is defined as 1. The achievement rate of the non-full-matrix flexible charging pile's topology compared to the full-matrix charging pile is defined as the efficiency of the non-full-matrix flexible charging pile's topology. The formula for calculating efficiency P is as follows:

[0081]

[0082] When x < k, meaning the number of new energy vehicles charging simultaneously is less than the topology's switching capacity, there is no islanding situation, and the efficiency P is 1. In this case, the non-full-matrix flexible charging pile can achieve the same working efficiency as the full-matrix charging pile. When x ≥ k, as the number of new energy vehicles x gradually increases, the efficiency gradually decreases.

[0083] <Optimization Methods for Charging Pile Topology>

[0084] The following section will take the case of a single charging module with a power of 40kW and a total power cabinet of 960kW as an example to explain in detail the optimization method of the charging pile topology.

[0085] In this case, the number of charging modules m is 24, the switching capability k of the ring-parallel topology is 2, the switching capability k of the diagonal star-parallel topology is 3, and the switching capability k of the star-ring-parallel topology is set to 4.

[0086] According to equation (1) above, the islanding rates for k = 2, 3, and 4 can be obtained as follows:

[0087]

[0088] Based on equation (3) and equation (2) above, we can obtain the following comparison table 1 of islanding rate and efficiency.

[0089]

[0090]

[0091] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the number of vehicles charging simultaneously and the islanding rate in a non-full matrix flexible charging pile with 24 charging modules and switching capacities of 2, 3, and 4 respectively.

[0092] As shown in Table 1 and Figure 8 As shown, with the increase of the switching capability k, the islanding rate decreases under the same number of vehicles x, the integral area from 0 to the number of vehicles x also decreases, and the efficiency P of the charging module increases.

[0093] For example, when the number of vehicles x is 50%, 80%, and 95% of the output circuit m of the charging module, the efficiency of the ring-parallel topology and the diagonal star-parallel topology can only reach 90%, 75%, 65% and 97%, 85%, 75%, respectively, while the efficiency of the star-ring-parallel topology with a switching capacity of 4 can reach over 99%, 90%, and 80%, respectively.

[0094] Furthermore, through the analysis of the topology, the number of contactors used in each topology in the above examples (where m is the number of charging modules, and m is 24 in this example) can be obtained, as shown in Table 2 below.

[0095]

[0096] Throwing ability 2 3 4 ··· 23 Full matrix Number of contactors 2m＝48 3m＝72 4m＝96 ··· 23m＝552 48m＝1152

[0097] As shown in Table 2, when the switching capacity k = 4, the number of contactors used is 96, accounting for 8.33% of the total number of contactors required for the entire matrix. For each subsequent increase in switching capacity k, the number of contactors increases by 24, but the increase in efficiency becomes smaller and smaller.

[0098] That is, in this example, for a distributed charging pile with a total power cabinet of 960kW, when configuring 24 40kW charging modules, the optimal charging pile topology that balances efficiency and cost can be obtained when using a star-ring topology with a switching capacity of 4.

[0099] Specifically, the optimal charging pile topology in this example is as follows: it includes multiple charging modules and multiple parallel contactors; the number of multiple charging modules is 24, and each charging module has the same power; the multiple charging modules are connected in sequence, and a parallel contactor is set between each adjacent charging module to form a 24-sided outer ring structure; inside the outer ring structure, every 8 charging modules are connected to form 3 8-sided inner ring structures, or every 12 charging modules are connected to form 2 12-sided inner ring structures, and a parallel contactor is set on each side of the 8-sided inner ring structure or the 12-sided inner ring structure.

[0100] Therefore, based on the charging pile topology of this utility model, the optimal switching capacity that balances efficiency and cost can be determined by considering the increase in efficiency of the charging pile topology with the increase in switching capacity, and the increase in the number of multiple parallel contactors with the increase in switching capacity. This allows for the optimization of the charging pile topology and the finding of the most cost-effective optimal solution for the charging pile topology.

[0101] It should be understood that the above description is illustrative and not restrictive. For example, the above embodiments (and / or aspects thereof) can be used in combination with each other. Furthermore, many modifications can be made to adapt particular situations or materials to the teachings of the various embodiments of the present invention without departing from the scope of the invention. While the dimensions and types of materials described herein are used to define parameters of the various embodiments of the present invention, the embodiments are not intended to be restrictive but are exemplary. Many other embodiments will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the above description. Therefore, the scope of the various embodiments of the present invention should be determined by reference to the appended claims and the full scope of their equivalents.

[0102] Industrial practicality

[0103] The charging pile topology of this invention can be applied to the design of the topology of split-type DC charging piles (group charging DC charging piles).

Claims

1. A charging pile topology, comprising multiple charging modules and multiple parallel contactors, characterized in that, The number of charging modules is 24, and each charging module has the same power output. The multiple charging modules are connected in sequence, and a parallel contactor is provided between each adjacent charging module to form a 24-sided outer ring structure. Within the outer ring structure, eight charging modules are connected to form three octagonal inner ring structures, and a parallel contactor is provided on each side of the octagonal inner ring structure.

2. The charging pile topology according to claim 1, characterized in that, The switching capacity is defined as the number of charging modules that a given charging module can be directly connected to through a single parallel contactor. Each of the multiple charging modules has a switching capacity of 4.

3. The charging pile topology according to claim 1, characterized in that, The parallel contactor includes a positive contactor and a negative contactor. The total number of the positive and negative contactors is 96.

4. The charging pile topology according to claim 2, characterized in that, When all charging modules adjacent to a certain charging module are used for charging, that charging module forms an island. The probability of island formation in the charging pile topology is defined as the islanding rate f(x). Let x be the number of the multiple charging modules that are used for charging simultaneously. When x < 4, f(x) = 0.

5. The charging pile topology according to claim 4, characterized in that, Let the efficiency of the charging pile topology be P. When x < 4, P = 1.

6. A charging pile topology, comprising multiple charging modules and multiple parallel contactors, characterized in that, The number of charging modules is 24, and each charging module has the same power output. The multiple charging modules are connected in sequence, and a parallel contactor is provided between each adjacent charging module to form a 24-sided outer ring structure. Within the outer ring structure, every 12 charging modules are connected to form two 12-sided inner ring structures, and each side of the 12-sided inner ring structure is provided with a parallel contactor.

7. The charging pile topology according to claim 6, characterized in that, The switching capacity is defined as the number of charging modules that a given charging module can be directly connected to through a single parallel contactor. Each of the multiple charging modules has a switching capacity of 4.

8. The charging pile topology according to claim 6, characterized in that, The parallel contactor includes a positive contactor and a negative contactor. The total number of the positive and negative contactors is 96.

9. The charging pile topology according to claim 6, characterized in that, When all charging modules adjacent to a certain charging module are used for charging, that charging module forms an island. The probability of island formation in the charging pile topology is defined as the islanding rate f(x). Let x be the number of the multiple charging modules that are used for charging simultaneously. When x < 4, f(x) = 0.

10. The charging pile topology according to claim 9, characterized in that, Let the efficiency of the charging pile topology be P. When x < 4, P = 1.

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