An elevator door control circuit
By designing an elevator door control circuit based on simple electrical components and utilizing relay interlocking and logic circuits, the problem of low sensitivity in elevator door control caused by mechanical switching methods is solved, achieving reliability and low failure rate in elevator door control, which is applicable to the elevator equipment field.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- 金学南
- Filing Date
- 2025-08-15
- Publication Date
- 2026-07-10
AI Technical Summary
Existing elevator door switch control circuits mostly use mechanical switching methods, which have low sensitivity, are prone to failure, and affect service life.
The elevator door control circuit, designed with simple electrical components, includes door opening and closing limit switches, indicator lights, relays, and servo motors. Through relay interlocking and logic circuit design, reliable control of the elevator door is ensured.
It achieves reliable elevator door control with a low failure rate, has a simple structure, low cost, is easy to manufacture and maintain, is convenient to operate, and is suitable for a wide range of applications.
Smart Images
Figure CN224477806U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model relates to an elevator door control circuit, belonging to the field of elevator equipment technology. Background Technology
[0002] Elevators are now widely used in all aspects of production and daily life, and various electronic devices and technologies related to elevators have emerged in large numbers. Among them, the elevator door opening and closing control circuit is an important component of elevator technology.
[0003] Existing elevator door control circuits mostly use microswitches, which are based on mechanical switching principles. Their drawback is that mechanical switching has relatively low sensitivity, thus affecting service life and making it more prone to malfunctions.
[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to design a control circuit made of simple electrical components to control the elevator door and provide a new solution for existing elevator door opening and closing control technology. Summary of the Invention
[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an elevator door control circuit based on simple electrical components to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art.
[0006] An elevator door control circuit is characterized by including an opening limit switch K1, a closing limit switch K2, an opening switch KN1, a closing switch KN2, an opening indicator light ZD1, a closing indicator light ZD2, intermediate relays J1, J2, and J3, and a motor SD for opening and closing the door.
[0007] Among them, relay J1 has normally open contact J1-1, normally closed contact J1-2, normally open contact J1-3, and normally closed contact J1-4; relay J2 has normally open contact J2-1, normally closed contact J2-2, normally open contact J2-3, and normally closed contact J2-4; relay J3 has normally open contact J3-1 and normally closed contact J3-2.
[0008] Normally closed contacts J1-4, J2-4, and J3-2 are connected in series in the elevator lifting circuit;
[0009] K1 and K2 are normally closed inductive switches. When the elevator door is closed, K1 is in the conducting state and K2 is in the open state; when the elevator door is in the fully open position, K1 is in the open state and K2 is in the conducting state.
[0010] (a) Elevator door opening procedure
[0011] When KN1 is pressed, the power supply forms a circuit through KN1, normally closed contact J2-2, relay J1, and door opening limit switch K1. The elevator door opens and leaves the sensing range of K2, causing door closing limit switch K2 to close.
[0012] The closing of normally open contact J1-1 causes relay J1 to self-lock; the power supply forms a circuit through normally open contact J1-1, intermediate relay J3, and inductive switch K2;
[0013] At the same time, the door opening indicator light ZD1 lights up; the closing of the normally open contact J3-1 causes the relay J3 to continuously self-lock.
[0014] When the elevator door moves into the sensing range of K1, K1 is disconnected, and relay J1 is also disconnected, and the elevator stops running.
[0015] During the self-locking process of relay J1, the normally closed contact J1-4 opens, and the elevator will not move up or down; and when J3 self-locks, the normally closed contact J3-2 also opens, which will also prevent the elevator from moving up or down.
[0016] (II) Workflow when elevator doors close
[0017] When closing the door, press KN2 first. Power will flow through KN2, normally closed contact J1-2, relay J2, and door closing limit switch K2 to form a circuit, and the elevator door will begin to close.
[0018] The closing of normally open contact J2-1 causes J2 to self-lock, and at the same time, the door closing indicator light ZD2 lights up;
[0019] At this time, the door opening indicator light ZD1 remains on until the elevator door moves into the sensing range of the door closing limit switch K2, at which point K2 disconnects and the indicator lights ZD1 and ZD2 turn off simultaneously.
[0020] During the self-locking process of intermediate relay J2, the normally closed contact J2-4 opens, and the elevator will not move up or down; and when J3 self-locks, the normally closed contact J3-2 also opens, which will also prevent the elevator from moving up or down.
[0021] In the elevator door control circuit described above, relays J1 and J2 are interlocked.
[0022] In the elevator door control circuit described above, the magnetic control switch of each floor provides power to the elevator door of that floor, so as to ensure that the elevator door switch of that floor can only be activated when the elevator is running to that floor.
[0023] In the elevator door control circuit described above, normally open contact J1-3 is located in the control circuit of the door opening and closing motor SD. When KN1 is pressed, relay J1 is activated, causing J1-3 to close, thereby enabling motor SD to open the door.
[0024] In the elevator door control circuit described above, normally open contact J2-3 is located in the control circuit of the door opening and closing motor SD. When KN2 is pressed, relay J2 is activated, causing J2-3 to close, which in turn commands motor SD to close the door.
[0025] Furthermore, since the normally open contacts J1-3 and J2-3 operate in opposite states, they cannot operate simultaneously, thus preventing the motor SD from receiving forward and reverse commands at the same time.
[0026] When K1 is disconnected first, the normally closed contact J1-4 closes. When K2 is disconnected, the normally closed contacts J2-4 and J3-2 also close, thus enabling the lifting motor to work. Beneficial effects
[0027] The elevator door control circuit described in this application can be implemented using the most conventional relays, inductive switches, and servo motors. It features simple structure, low cost, ease of production, low failure rate, reliable operation, and convenient maintenance. It is easy to popularize, convenient to operate, and has a broad market potential. It provides a new solution for the field of elevator door switch control circuits. Attached Figure Description
[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model.
[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the elevator control circuit of this utility model controlling the motor.
[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the equivalent circuit for controlling the up and down movement of an elevator using the relay contacts of this utility model.
[0031] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the position of the door limit switch of this utility model in the elevator door.
[0032] Among them, K1 is the door opening limit switch, K2 is the door closing limit switch, KN1 is the door opening switch, KN2 is the door closing switch, ZD1 is the door opening indicator light, ZD2 is the door closing indicator light, J1 is the first relay, J2 is the second relay, J3 is the third relay, and SD is the motor. Detailed Implementation
[0033] All electrical components used in this invention are conventional parts.
[0034] Both the door opening limit switch K1 and the door closing limit switch K2 are metal induction switches, using metal induction as the sensing method. In this implementation, model LJ12A3-4-J / DZ, 220V, normally closed, is used. After the door closes, due to metal induction, the door closing switch K2 changes from normally closed to open. When the door opens, K2 first changes from open to normally closed as the elevator door leaves its sensing range. When the door continues to open to position K1, K1 changes from normally closed to open. The motor SD used for opening and closing the doors is a servo motor.
[0035] The first relay J1, the second relay J2, and the third relay J3 are all intermediate relays. Relay J1 has normally open contact J1-1, normally closed contact J1-2, normally open contact J1-3, and normally closed contact J1-4; relay J2 has normally open contact J2-1, normally closed contact J2-2, normally open contact J2-3, and normally closed contact J2-4; and relay J3 has normally open contact J3-1 and normally closed contact J3-2.
[0036] like Figure 1 As shown, the elevator door control circuit includes an opening limit switch K1, a closing limit switch K2, an opening switch KN1, a closing switch KN2, an opening indicator light ZD1, a closing indicator light ZD2, relays J1, J2, and J3, and a motor SD for opening and closing the door.
[0037] like Figure 3 As shown, normally closed contacts J1-4, J2-4, and J3-2 are connected in series in the circuit that controls the elevator's movement. The normally closed contacts J1-4, J2-4, and J3-2 connected in series form an AND gate in the logic circuit. If any one of them is open, the elevator will not move up or down, thus avoiding misoperation.
[0038] K1 and K2 are normally closed inductive switches. When the elevator door is closed, K1 is in the conducting state and K2 is in the open state; when the elevator door is in the fully open position, K1 is in the open state and K2 is in the conducting state.
[0039] The magnetic switches for each floor can be pre-connected in series to the elevator door control circuit of each floor. When the elevator reaches a certain floor, the elevator door control system of that floor will be powered on. And the elevator doors will be closed during the elevator's up and down movement.
[0040] When the elevator door closes, J1-4, J2-4, and J3-2 are in the closed state, and the sensor switches K1 and K2 are in the normally closed state. Figure 4 When connected to the circuit, as long as an iron metal piece approaches the front of the inductive switch probe, the contact point changes from normally closed to open.
[0041] The workflow of this utility model can be divided into the following stages or states.
[0042] (1) Work process when the elevator door opens
[0043] When the elevator reaches a certain floor, the magnetic switch for that floor puts the elevator door control system into standby mode. When KN1 is pressed, power is supplied through KN1, normally closed contact J2-2, intermediate relay J1, and door limit switch K1 to form a circuit; the closing of normally open contact J1-1 causes relay J1 to self-lock, and the closing of normally open contact J1-3 causes the forward and reverse motor SD to operate, as shown below. Figure 2 , 4 As shown, the elevator doors open.
[0044] As the elevator door rapidly opens and leaves the sensing range of K2, the door closing limit switch K2 closes. With the rapid closure of K2, the power supply forms a circuit through J1-1, relay J3, and door closing limit switch K2; the closure of the normally open contact J3-1 causes relay J3 to continuously self-lock; at the same time, the door opening indicator light ZD1 illuminates.
[0045] During the elevator's opening process, pressing KN2 will not work because the normally closed contact J1-2 turns open.
[0046] (2) The status of the elevator lifting circuit during the elevator door opening process
[0047] During the self-locking process of relay J1, the normally closed contact J1-4 opens, and the elevator will not move up or down; and when J3 self-locks, the normally closed contact J3-2 also opens, which will also prevent the elevator from moving up or down.
[0048] (3) Circuit status when the elevator door is fully open
[0049] When the elevator door moves into the sensing range of switch K1, K1 is disconnected, and at the same time, relay J1 is also disconnected, normally open contact J1-3 is disconnected, motor SD stops working, and the elevator door stops opening.
[0050] At this point, the door opening switch KN1 is not working; and because relay J3 is still locked, the normally closed contact J3-2 remains open, and the elevator still cannot move up or down. It is evident that... Figure 3 As shown, if there is no relay J3 in the control circuit, it is insufficient to disconnect the elevator lifting circuit.
[0051] Since the normally closed contact J1-2 turns closed, KN2 can be used.
[0052] (4) Work process when the elevator door closes
[0053] When the elevator door needs to close, press KN2 first. Power is supplied through KN2, normally closed contact J1-2, relay J2, and door closing limit switch K2 to form a circuit. The closing of normally open contact J2-1 causes relay J2 to self-lock, and the closing of normally open contact J2-3 causes the forward and reverse motor SD to operate. Figure 2 , 4 As shown, the elevator doors begin to close. Simultaneously, the door closing indicator light ZD2 illuminates.
[0054] At this time, the door opening indicator light ZD1 remains on until the elevator door moves into the sensing range of the sensor switch K2, at which point both indicator lights ZD1 and ZD2 will turn off simultaneously.
[0055] During the elevator closing process, as the elevator door rapidly closes and leaves the sensing range of K1, although the door opening limit switch K1 closes, pressing KN1 will not work because the normally closed contact J2-2 remains open. It is evident that the normally closed contacts J1-2 and J2-1 interlock relays J1 and J2, ensuring that only one of the door opening switch KN1 or door closing switch KN2 is active at any given time.
[0056] (5) The status of the elevator lifting circuit during the elevator door closing process
[0057] During the self-locking process of relay J2, the normally closed contact J2-4 opens, and the elevator will not move up or down; and when J3 self-locks, the normally closed contact J3-2 also opens, which will also prevent the elevator from moving up or down.
[0058] (6) Circuit status when the elevator door is fully closed
[0059] When the elevator door reaches the sensing range of the closing limit switch K2, K2 disconnects, and simultaneously relays J2 and J3 disconnect, the normally open contact J2-3 disconnects, the motor SD stops working, the elevator door stops closing, and indicator lights ZD1 and ZD2 go out simultaneously. The elevator door control circuit switches to the state in (1). Figure 3 All contacts in the circuit return to their normally closed state, and the lifting circuit can also be used.
[0060] In the elevator door control circuit, the magnetic control switch of each floor provides power to the elevator door of that floor, so that the elevator door switch of that floor can only be activated when the elevator is running to that floor.
[0061] In the elevator door control circuit, normally open contact J1-3 is set in the control circuit of servo motor SD. When KN1 is pressed, J3 is activated, causing J1-3 to close, which in turn causes motor SD to open the door.
[0062] In the elevator door control circuit, normally open contact J2-3 is located in the control circuit of the servo motor SD. When KN2 is pressed, J2 is activated, causing J2-3 to close, thus instructing motor SD to close the door. Furthermore, J1-3 and J2-3 operate in opposite states, meaning they cannot operate simultaneously, thereby preventing motor SD from receiving both forward and reverse commands at the same time.
[0063] When K1 is disconnected first, the normally closed contact J1-4 closes. When K2 is disconnected, the normally closed contacts J2-4 and J3-2 also close, thus enabling the lifting motor to work.
[0064] In the circuit design, J1-4, J2-4, and J3-2 form an AND gate circuit in the logic circuit. They are normally in a conducting state, providing a circuit for the elevator's up and down movement. If any one of the intermediate relay contacts is open, the elevator will absolutely not be able to operate. During the elevator door opening and closing process, it is ensured that at least one of the three contacts is always open.
[0065] Therefore, when designing the elevator door opening and closing circuit, it is necessary to ensure that there are three intermediate relays. Two of them control the opening and closing of the door (that is, control the forward and reverse rotation of the servo motor), and at the same time ensure that the lifting circuit is disconnected during the opening and closing of the elevator door. The other relay, J3, ensures that the lifting circuit is still disconnected when the elevator door is opened to the maximum extent. Therefore, three intermediate relays are used to achieve the above objectives.
[0066] The overall workflow of this utility model is as follows:
[0067] The magnetic control switches on each floor supply power to the elevator doors on that floor. When the elevator reaches a certain floor, the elevator door control system on that floor is powered.
[0068] The input terminal will not receive power unless the elevator reaches that floor. Figure 1 In the circuit, regardless of whether the induction switches K1 and K2 are open or closed, switches KN1 and KN2 and the motor SD are ineffective, meaning the door cannot be opened or closed. At this time, the intermediate relays J1, J2, and J3 in the circuit are all in a non-operating state, so contacts J1-4, J2-4, and J3-2 are all closed simultaneously, meaning the elevator can move up and down.
[0069] When the elevator arrives at the floor, the elevator door is closed, K2 is open, and K1 is in the conductive state.
[0070] On this floor, the door opening switch KN1 can be pressed (pressing KN2 has no effect). At this time, relay J1 is energized, J1-1 is closed, J1-3 is closed, the servo motor SD works, and the elevator door is opened. When it reaches the K1 sensing position, K1 is deactivated, the servo motor SD stops working, and the elevator door also stops.
[0071] However, the key point is that after pressing the door opening switch KN1, not only does the intermediate relay J1 work, but because the elevator door moves out of the sensing range of K2, the sensor switch K2 changes from open to closed, causing the intermediate relay J3 to engage. Figure 3 The simultaneous switching of normally closed and open J1-4 and J3-2 in the elevator operating circuit serves only one purpose: to prevent the elevator from moving up or down.
[0072] When the elevator doors open and reach position K1, K1 disconnects, causing relay J1 to disconnect. At this time, intermediate relay J3 remains conductive, so the elevator remains disconnected and will not move up or down arbitrarily.
[0073] At this time, K2 is activated. After pressing the door close switch KN2, intermediate relay J2 operates, J2-1 and J2-3 are energized, the servo motor SD reverses, and the elevator door begins to close. When the elevator door closes to the position sensed by K2, K2 deactivates, K1 activates, and the entire elevator returns to its original state. J1-4, J2-4, and J3-2 in the circuit are all energized. The elevator can then be reset to run in the correct direction at the corresponding floor.
[0074] Furthermore, in the elevator control system, the elevator door can only open when it reaches the corresponding floor.
[0075] Furthermore, the intermediate relays in the circuit are interlocked during operation! During the door opening process, K2 momentarily switches from its normally open state to conduction, providing the conditions for the elevator door to close. Simultaneously, to ensure the complete shut-off of the elevator's up and down motors during the door opening and closing process, an intermediate relay J3 is included in the circuit. Due to the presence of J3, J3-2 is in an open, disconnected state during elevator door opening and closing, including during normal elevator stops!
[0076] When the elevator door needs to be closed on any floor, simply press KN2 on the corresponding floor control panel. This activates intermediate relay J2, causing J2-4 to deactivate and J2-3 to activate. The servo motor SD then reverses, gradually closing the elevator door. When the elevator door reaches the position of the sensor switch K2, J2 and J3 in the circuit are simultaneously de-energized. At this time, J1-4, J2-4, and J3-2 in the circuit are all restored to their original conductive state, providing the conditions for the elevator to resume operation.
[0077] When the elevator door is closing, only the door opening switch KN1 can be pressed. At this time, the intermediate relay J1 is activated, causing the normally closed contact J1-2 to open, and the intermediate relay J2 will not work. During the door opening process after KN1 is pressed, although the sensor switch K2 is activated, the intermediate relay J2 still cannot work. The door opening process only ends when the elevator door opens to the K1 sensing position, and then the push-button switch KN2 can work.
[0078] During the circuit design process, to avoid conflicts when the elevator door opens and closes, intermediate relays J1 and J2 are always interlocked, and only one of them can be active at a time. Therefore, when the elevator door opens or closes, J1-3 and J2-3 either open or close the door, thereby achieving the forward and reverse rotation of the servo motor SD in the control circuit.
[0079] When the elevator door closes, pressing KN1 opens the door to position K1, causing sensor switch K1 to change from an on state to an off state. Simultaneously, at the instant the door opens, sensor switch K2 changes from an off state to an on state. Furthermore, due to the interlocking action of intermediate relay J1 during the elevator door opening process, J2 cannot operate.
[0080] During the elevator opening and closing process, the sensor switch K2 undergoes three changes: from being open when the elevator door is normally closed to being on when the elevator door is open, thus providing the operating conditions for KN2 to close the elevator door. As a result, the sensor switch K2 is opened.
[0081] As can be seen, this application has a simple and reliable structure, stable performance, and is not prone to failure. It is implemented entirely using a simple circuit structure, providing a new mode for existing elevator door control.
Claims
1. An elevator door control circuit, characterized in that: Includes door opening limit switch K1, door closing limit switch K2, door opening switch KN1, door closing switch KN2, door opening indicator light ZD1, door closing indicator light ZD2, relays J1, J2, J3, and motor SD for opening and closing the door; Among them, relay J1 has normally open contact J1-1, normally closed contact J1-2, normally open contact J1-3, and normally closed contact J1-4; relay J2 has normally open contact J2-1, normally closed contact J2-2, normally open contact J2-3, and normally closed contact J2-4; relay J3 has normally open contact J3-1 and normally closed contact J3-2. Normally closed contacts J1-4, J2-4, and J3-2 are connected in series in the elevator lifting circuit; K1 and K2 are normally closed inductive switches. When the elevator door is closed, K1 is in the conducting state and K2 is in the open state; when the elevator door is in the fully open position, K1 is in the open state and K2 is in the conducting state. (a) Elevator door opening procedure When KN1 is pressed, the power supply forms a circuit through KN1, normally closed contact J2-2, relay J1, and door opening limit switch K1, opening the elevator door and closing the door closing limit switch K2. The closing of normally open contact J1-1 causes relay J1 to self-lock; the power supply forms a circuit through normally open contact J1-1, intermediate relay J3, and door closing limit switch K2; The closing of the normally open contact J3-1 causes relay J3 to remain self-locking; at the same time, the door opening indicator light ZD1 illuminates. When the elevator door moves into the sensing range of K1, K1 is disconnected, and relay J1 is also disconnected, and the elevator stops running. During the self-locking process of relay J1, the normally closed contact J1-4 opens, and the elevator will not move up or down; and when J3 self-locks, the normally closed contact J3-2 also opens, which will also prevent the elevator from moving up or down. (II) Workflow when elevator doors close When closing the door, press KN2 first. Power will flow through KN2, normally closed contact J1-2, relay J2, and door closing limit switch K2 to form a circuit, and the elevator door will begin to close. The closing of normally open contact J2-1 causes J2 to self-lock, and at the same time, the door closing indicator light ZD2 lights up; At this time, the door opening indicator light ZD1 remains on until the elevator door moves into the sensing range of the door closing limit switch K2, at which point K2 disconnects and the indicator lights ZD1 and ZD2 turn off simultaneously. During the self-locking process of intermediate relay J2, the normally closed contact J2-4 opens, and the elevator will not move up or down; and when J3 self-locks, the normally closed contact J3-2 also opens, which will also prevent the elevator from moving up or down.
2. The elevator door control circuit as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Normally open contact J1-3 is located in the control circuit of the door opening and closing motor SD. When KN1 is pressed, the relay J1 is activated, causing the normally open contact J1-3 to close, thereby enabling the motor SD to open the door.
3. The elevator door control circuit as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Normally open contact J2-3 is located in the control circuit of the door opening and closing motor SD. When KN2 is pressed, relay J2 is activated, causing J2-3 to close, thereby instructing motor SD to close the door.