Battery module and electric device

Abstract

A battery module and electrical device are disclosed. The battery module includes a cell assembly and a housing. The cell assembly includes multiple individual cells, each cell including a housing and a terminal post, the terminal post extending from one side of the housing. The housing has a receiving cavity and a first opening, a liquid inlet, and a liquid outlet communicating with the receiving cavity. The receiving cavity contains coolant, which is in contact with the housing. The housing includes a bottom wall and side walls surrounding the bottom wall, the bottom wall and side walls forming the receiving cavity. The bottom wall supports the cell assembly along a first direction. The side walls include a first end face away from the bottom wall, the first end face being located around the first opening. The liquid inlet and liquid outlet respectively penetrate the side walls. The portion of the terminal post extending out of the housing extends out of the receiving cavity from the first opening. Multiple individual cells are arranged at intervals on the bottom wall. Viewed along the first direction, the distance between two adjacent individual cells is D1, and the minimum distance between an individual cell and the side wall is D2, where D2 < D1. The above-described battery module can improve safety performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of energy storage technology, and in particular to a battery module and electrical equipment. Background Technology

[0002] In traditional fully submerged cooling battery modules, heat dissipation is achieved by completely immersing the entire cell assembly in coolant. However, the contact between the terminal posts of individual cells and the coolant can easily lead to corrosion, posing a high safety risk. Utility Model Content

[0003] In view of the above situation, this application provides a battery module to solve the above problems.

[0004] This application provides a battery module, which includes a cell assembly and a housing. The cell assembly includes multiple individual cells, each cell including a housing and an electrode post extending from one side of the housing. The housing has a receiving cavity and a first opening, a liquid inlet, and a liquid outlet communicating with the receiving cavity. The receiving cavity contains coolant, the liquid inlet is configured to inject coolant, and the liquid outlet is configured to discharge coolant. The cell assembly is disposed in the receiving cavity, and the coolant is in contact with the housing. The housing includes a bottom wall and side walls surrounding the bottom wall, which together form the receiving cavity. The bottom wall supports the cell assembly along a first direction, and the side walls include a first end face away from the bottom wall, which is disposed around the first opening. The liquid inlet and the liquid outlet respectively penetrate the side walls. The portion of the electrode post extending out of the housing extends out of the receiving cavity from the first opening. Multiple individual cells are arranged at intervals on the bottom wall. When viewed along the first direction, the distance between two adjacent individual cells is D1, and the minimum distance between an individual cell and the side wall is D2, where D2 < D1.

[0005] In the aforementioned battery module, when the coolant level is higher than the first opening, excess coolant can be automatically drained. The portion of the casing located within the receiving cavity is in contact with the coolant, while the portion of the terminal protruding from the casing extends out of the receiving cavity through the first opening and is isolated from the coolant. This achieves semi-immersion liquid cooling, which helps the battery module maintain heat dissipation efficiency while effectively reducing the risk of terminal short circuits and improving the safety performance of the battery module. D2 < D1 optimizes the distribution of coolant, facilitating the guidance of more coolant to contact the casing of the individual cells and improving overall heat dissipation uniformity.

[0006] In some embodiments of this application, the sidewall includes a first wall and a second wall spaced apart along a second direction, and a third wall and a fourth wall spaced apart along a third direction, wherein the first direction, the second direction, and the third direction are perpendicular to each other. The distance between the first wall and the second wall along the second direction is greater than the distance between the third wall and the fourth wall along the third direction, so as to facilitate the accommodating cavity to accommodate the battery cell assembly.

[0007] In some embodiments of this application, the first wall is provided with a liquid inlet, and the second wall is provided with a liquid outlet. Multiple individual battery cells are spaced apart along a second direction, with the thickness direction of each cell parallel to a third direction, so that the multiple cells are arranged sequentially in the flow direction of the coolant. The coolant flows sequentially over the larger surface area at the same location of the multiple cells, thereby improving heat dissipation efficiency. Along the third direction, the distance between two adjacent cells is D3, where 1mm ≤ D3 ≤ 10mm, to facilitate coolant flow and reduce space waste caused by excessive spacing between cells.

[0008] In some embodiments of this application, 2mm≤D3≤3mm is used to further facilitate the flow of coolant and reduce the space waste caused by excessive spacing between individual cells.

[0009] In some embodiments of this application, the third wall is provided with a liquid inlet, and the fourth wall is provided with a liquid outlet. Multiple individual battery cells are spaced apart along a second direction, with the thickness direction of each cell parallel to the second direction. This allows the multiple cells to be arranged sequentially in a direction perpendicular to the coolant flow, enabling the coolant to flow simultaneously over the larger surface area at the same location of the multiple cells, thereby improving heat dissipation efficiency. Along the second direction, the spacing between two adjacent cells is D4, where 1mm ≤ D4 ≤ 10mm, to facilitate coolant flow and reduce space waste caused by excessively large spacing between cells.

[0010] In some embodiments of this application, 2mm≤D4≤3mm is used to further facilitate coolant flow and reduce space waste caused by excessive spacing between individual cells.

[0011] In some embodiments of this application, the inlet is lower than the outlet, and the first direction is the direction of gravity, so that when the coolant level is higher than the outlet, excess coolant is automatically discharged. The first opening and the outlet work together to ensure that the part of the terminal stick protruding from the housing is always isolated from the coolant, further reducing the risk of short circuit of the terminal stick and improving the safety performance of the battery module.

[0012] In some embodiments of this application, the battery module includes a top cover, which includes a cover body. The cover body and the housing are arranged along a first direction, and the cover body is located at a first opening. The cover body has positioning holes, through which each battery cell passes. The portion of the terminal protruding from the housing is located on the side of the cover body away from the receiving cavity. The positioning holes can position the battery cells to improve the positional stability of the battery cells relative to the sidewalls. The cover body seals the first opening, so that the receiving cavity forms a closed space. The cooperation between the cover body and the coolant outlet ensures that the portion of the terminal protruding from the housing is always isolated from the coolant, further reducing the risk of short circuit of the terminal and improving the safety performance of the battery module. Furthermore, it can also reduce the risk of coolant leakage when the battery module is tilted.

[0013] In some embodiments of this application, the housing includes a body layer and an insulating layer covering the body layer. The thickness of the insulating layer is T1, where 10 μm ≤ T1 ≤ 200 μm. The insulating layer is doped with thermal conductivity enhancing filler, which includes at least one of alumina, boron nitride, or silica micropowder, so as to facilitate the formation of an effective heat conduction path with the coolant.

[0014] In some embodiments of this application, the electrical device includes the battery module in any of the above embodiments.

[0015] In the aforementioned battery module and electrical equipment, when the coolant level is higher than the first opening, excess coolant can be automatically discharged. The portion of the casing located in the receiving cavity is in contact with the coolant, while the portion of the terminal protruding from the casing extends out of the receiving cavity from the first opening and is isolated from the coolant, achieving semi-immersion liquid cooling. This helps the battery module maintain heat dissipation efficiency while effectively reducing the risk of terminal short circuits, thus improving the safety performance of the battery module. D2 < D1 optimizes the distribution of coolant, facilitating the guidance of more coolant to contact the casing of the individual battery cells, and improving overall heat dissipation uniformity. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the battery module structure in one embodiment of this application.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the first arrangement of the battery cells in a battery module according to one embodiment of this application.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the battery module housing in one embodiment of this application.

[0019] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the battery module's top cover and housing in one embodiment of this application.

[0020] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembled top cover and casing of the battery module in one embodiment of this application.

[0021] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the first structure of the top cover of the battery module in one embodiment of this application.

[0022] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the second structure of the top cover of the battery module in one embodiment of this application.

[0023] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the second arrangement of the battery cell units in one embodiment of this application.

[0024] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the circulation component of the battery module in one embodiment of this application.

[0025] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electrical device in one embodiment of this application.

[0026] Explanation of main component symbols

[0027] Battery Module 100

[0028] 200 electrical appliances

[0029] Battery pack 10

[0030] 11 cells

[0031] Casing 111

[0032] Top Wall 1111

[0033] Pressure relief mechanism 1112

[0034] Body layer 111A

[0035] Insulation layer 111B

[0036] First floor 111B1

[0037] Second floor 111B2

[0038] pole column 112

[0039] Pressure relief mechanism 113

[0040] Box 20

[0041] Reception cavity 20A

[0042] First opening 20B

[0043] Inlet 20C

[0044] Liquid outlet 20D

[0045] Bottom wall 21

[0046] Side wall 22

[0047] First end face 22A

[0048] First Wall 221

[0049] Second Wall 222

[0050] Third Wall 223

[0051] Fourth Wall 224

[0052] Top cover 30

[0053] Cover 31

[0054] Covering part 311

[0055] Cardholder 312

[0056] First sealing element 32

[0057] Second seal 33

[0058] First bow-shaped shrapnel 34

[0059] Second bow-shaped shrapnel 35

[0060] Loop component 40

[0061] Liquid pump 41

[0062] First liquid tube 411

[0063] Second liquid tube 412

[0064] Radiator 42

[0065] First direction Z

[0066] Second direction X

[0067] Third direction Y

[0068] The following detailed description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, will further illustrate this application. Detailed Implementation

[0069] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments.

[0070] It should be noted that when one component is considered to be "connected" to another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or there may be components positioned in between. When one component is considered to be "set" on another component, it can be directly set on the other component or there may be components positioned in between. It should be understood that, considering the factors of actual processing tolerances, in the technical solution of this application, when two components are set parallel / perpendicularly, they are set in the same direction, and there may be a certain angle between the two components. The angle between the two components is allowed to have a tolerance of 0-±10%. When one value is considered to be "equal" to another value, it means that the two are equal within a set deviation range, which is within 10%. That is to say, when at least one of the two values ​​fluctuates within the set deviation range, even if their values ​​are not equal, they are still judged to be approximately equal. In the technical solution of this application, the term "sealed connection" refers to the joining method between two or more components, which prevents fluid (gas, liquid) or particulate matter from leaking through the connection through physical structure or material properties, while meeting the pressure, temperature or chemical stability requirements under specific environmental conditions.

[0071] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0072] The embodiments of this application will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0073] Please see Figure 1 One embodiment of this application provides a battery module 100, which includes a battery cell assembly 10 and a housing 20.

[0074] The battery pack 10 includes a plurality of individual battery cells 11. Each individual battery cell 11 includes a housing 111 and a terminal 112. The terminal 112 extends from one side of the housing 111 and is configured to be electrically connected to an external circuit, which may be, but is not limited to, a motherboard of an electrical device equipped with a battery module 100.

[0075] The battery cell 11 includes an electrode assembly and an electrolyte disposed within a housing 111. The electrode assembly consists of a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator. The battery cell primarily functions by the movement of metal ions between the positive and negative electrodes, with metal ions (such as lithium ions) repeatedly inserting and extracting between them. The separator, positioned between the positive and negative electrodes, prevents short circuits between them while allowing active ions to pass through. The terminal post 112, located within the housing 111, is electrically connected to either the positive or negative electrode.

[0076] The housing 20 has a receiving cavity 20A and a first opening 20B, a liquid inlet 20C, and a liquid outlet 20D communicating with the receiving cavity 20A. The receiving cavity 20A contains coolant. The liquid inlet 20C is configured to inject coolant, and the liquid outlet 20D is configured to discharge coolant. The battery cell assembly 10 is disposed in the receiving cavity 20A, and the coolant is in contact with the housing 111. The liquid inlet 20C and the liquid outlet 20D replace the coolant in the receiving cavity 20A, thereby dissipating heat from the battery cell assembly 10 through the flowing coolant and improving heat dissipation efficiency.

[0077] The housing 20 includes a bottom wall 21 and a side wall 22 surrounding the bottom wall 21. The bottom wall 21 and the side wall 22 together form a receiving cavity 20A. The bottom wall 21 carries the battery cell assembly 10. The side wall 22 includes a first end face 22A away from the bottom wall 21. The first end face 22A is located around the first opening 20B. The liquid inlet 20C and the liquid outlet 20D respectively penetrate the side wall 22.

[0078] The portion of the terminal post 112 extending out of the housing 111 extends from the first opening 20B into the receiving cavity 20A. When the coolant level is higher than the first opening 20B, excess coolant can be automatically discharged. The portion of the housing 111 located in the receiving cavity 20A is in contact with the coolant, while the portion of the terminal post 112 extending out of the housing 111 extends from the first opening 20B into the receiving cavity 20A and is isolated from the coolant. This achieves semi-immersion liquid cooling, which helps the battery module 100 maintain heat dissipation efficiency while effectively reducing the risk of short circuit of the terminal post 112 and improving the safety performance of the battery module 100.

[0079] Please see Figure 2 When viewed along the first direction Z, the distance between two adjacent battery cells 11 is D1, and the minimum distance between the battery cell 11 and the side wall 22 is D2, where D2 < D1, in order to optimize the distribution of coolant and facilitate the guidance of more coolant to contact the casing 111 of the battery cell 11, thereby improving the overall heat dissipation uniformity.

[0080] In the aforementioned battery module 100, when the coolant level is higher than the first opening 20B, excess coolant can be automatically discharged. The portion of the housing 111 located in the receiving cavity 20A is in contact with the coolant, while the portion of the terminal post 112 extending out of the housing 111 extends out of the receiving cavity 20A from the first opening 20B and is isolated from the coolant, thus achieving semi-immersion liquid cooling. This helps the battery module 100 maintain heat dissipation efficiency while effectively reducing the risk of short circuits in the terminal post 112, thereby improving the safety performance of the battery module 100. D2 < D1 to optimize the distribution of coolant, facilitating the guidance of more coolant to contact the housing 111 of the individual cell 11, and improving the overall heat dissipation uniformity.

[0081] Please see Figure 1In some embodiments, the housing 111 has a top wall 1111, from which the poles 112 extend. The top wall 1111 extends from the first opening 20B into the receiving cavity 20A, so that the portion of the poles 112 extending out of the housing 111 is always isolated from the coolant.

[0082] In some embodiments, each battery cell 11 includes two terminals 112, which extend from the top wall 1111 respectively, and the two terminals 112 have opposite polarities to facilitate connection with an external circuit.

[0083] In some embodiments, the housing 111 is provided with a pressure relief mechanism 1112. The pressure relief mechanism 1112 is a component or part that releases internal pressure or temperature when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 11 reaches a predetermined threshold. The portion of the housing 111 with the pressure relief mechanism 1112 extends from the first opening 20B into the receiving cavity 20A, thereby isolating the pressure relief mechanism 1112 from the coolant, reducing the risk of corrosion caused by contact between the pressure relief mechanism 1112 and the coolant, and improving the safety performance of the battery module 100.

[0084] Optionally, the pressure relief mechanism 1112 can be in the form of an explosion-proof valve, explosion-proof disc, air valve, pressure relief valve, safety valve, or groove, and can specifically adopt pressure-sensitive or temperature-sensitive elements or structures. That is, when the internal pressure or temperature of the battery cell 11 reaches a predetermined threshold, the pressure relief mechanism 1112 performs an action or the weak structure provided in the pressure relief mechanism 1112 is destroyed, thereby forming an opening or channel for the internal pressure or temperature to be released.

[0085] In some embodiments, the pressure relief mechanism 1112 is disposed on the top wall 1111 and located between the two poles 112.

[0086] Please see Figure 3 In some embodiments, the housing 111 includes a body layer 111A and an insulating layer 111B covering the body layer 111A. The body layer 111A is made of a metallic material, and the thickness of the insulating layer 111B is T1, 10μm≤T1≤200μm, in order to improve insulation stability and reduce space waste caused by excessive thickness of the insulating layer 111B.

[0087] Optionally, T1 can be any value within the range of 10μm, 20μm, 30μm, 40μm, 40μm, 60μm, 70μm, 80μm, 90μm, 100μm, 110μm, 120μm, 130μm, 140μm, 140μm, 160μm, 170μm, 180μm, 290μm, 200μm, and any other value within the range of 10μm≤T1≤200μm.

[0088] In some embodiments, the insulating layer 111B is doped with a thermally conductive filler to enhance the heat exchange capacity between the housing 111 and the coolant, thereby improving heat dissipation efficiency. Specifically, the insulating layer 111B is a polymer-based paint such as epoxy or polyurethane, wherein it is doped with high thermal conductivity ceramic powder with a particle size of 10 μm to 40 μm. The high thermal conductivity ceramic powder includes at least one of alumina, boron nitride, and silica micropowder, and the doping ratio is controlled between 10% and 80%. Some powder particles are exposed on the outer surface of the insulating layer 111B to facilitate the formation of an effective heat conduction path with the coolant.

[0089] In some embodiments, the outer surface of the insulating layer 111B opposite to the body layer 111A is provided with alternating concave and convex surfaces to increase the contact area between the insulating layer 111B and the coolant and improve heat dissipation efficiency.

[0090] In some embodiments, the insulating layer 111B includes a first layer 111B1 and a second layer 111B2 disposed sequentially from the inside out. The first layer 111B1 is a water-resistant layer, and the water vapor transmission rate of the first layer 111B1 is less than or equal to 1×10⁻⁶. -10 The first layer has a water absorption rate of g·cm / (cm²·s·Pa) to improve electrical isolation capability. The second layer, 111B2, is a hydrophobic layer with a water absorption rate of less than or equal to 0.2% to reduce the risk of coolant seepage.

[0091] In some embodiments, the first layer 111B1 and the second layer 111B2 are connected by hot pressing, ultraviolet curing or low-pressure co-molding, and the overall structure has flexibility, resistance to liquid erosion and mechanical vibration, so as to improve the structural stability of the housing 111 and facilitate the contact between the housing 111 and the coolant.

[0092] Please see Figure 1 In some embodiments, the bottom wall 21 and the side wall 22 are integrally formed structures. The integral forming methods include, but are not limited to, die casting, stamping, injection molding, compression molding, 3D printing, etc.

[0093] In some embodiments, along the first direction Z, the inlet 20C is lower than the outlet 20D, and the outlet 20D is lower than the portion of the terminal post 112 that extends out of the housing 111. The first direction Z is the direction of gravity, so that when the liquid level of the coolant is higher than the outlet 20D, excess coolant is automatically discharged. The cooperation between the first opening 20B and the outlet 20D can ensure that the portion of the terminal post 112 that extends out of the housing 111 is always isolated from the coolant, further reducing the risk of short circuit of the terminal post 112 and improving the safety performance of the battery module 100.

[0094] In some embodiments, the minimum distance between the outlet 20D and the first end face 22A is L1, where 0mm≤L1≤2mm.

[0095] Optionally, L1 can be any value within the range of 0mm, 1mm, 1.5mm, 2mm, and 0mm≤L1≤2mm.

[0096] Please see Figure 4 In some embodiments, the battery module 100 includes a top cover 30. The top cover 30 includes a cover body 31, which is arranged along a first direction Z with the housing 20. The cover body 31 is located at a first opening 20B to seal the first opening 20B. The cover body 31 has positioning holes 31A through which each battery cell 11 passes. The portion of the terminal post 112 extending out of the housing 111 is located on the side of the cover body 31 away from the receiving cavity 20A. The positioning holes 31A can position the battery cell 11 to improve the positional stability of the battery cell 11 relative to the sidewall 22. The cover body 31 seals the first opening 20B, so that the receiving cavity 20A forms a closed space. The cooperation between the cover body 31 and the coolant outlet 20D ensures that the portion of the terminal post 112 extending out of the housing 111 is always isolated from the coolant, further reducing the risk of short circuit of the terminal post 112 and improving the safety performance of the battery module 100. Furthermore, it can also reduce the risk of coolant leakage when the battery module 100 is in an inclined state.

[0097] Please see Figure 5 In some embodiments, the top cover 30 includes a first seal 32 and a second seal 33. The first seal 32 is disposed between the cover 31 and the housing 20, and the cover 31 is sealed to the housing 20 via the first seal 32. The second seal 33 is disposed between the cover 31 and the housing 111, and the cover 31 is sealed to the housing 111 via the second seal 33. The cover 31 is sealed to the housing 20 via the first seal 32, and to the housing 111 via the second seal 33, so that the receiving cavity 20A forms a closed space, reducing the risk of coolant leakage even when the battery module 100 is tilted.

[0098] In some embodiments, the top cover 30 and the sidewall 22 are detachably connected to facilitate placing the battery pack 10 into the receiving cavity 20A.

[0099] In some embodiments, the top cover 30 is interference-fitted with the side wall 22 so that the top cover 30 and the side wall 22 are detachably connected.

[0100] In some embodiments, the top cover 30 is bolted to the side wall 22 so that the top cover 30 and the side wall 22 are detachably connected.

[0101] In some embodiments, the top cover 30 and the side wall 22 are connected by a snap-fit, so that the top cover 30 and the side wall 22 are detachably connected.

[0102] Please see Figure 6In some embodiments, the cover 31 includes a covering portion 311 and a retaining portion 312 surrounding the periphery of the covering portion 311. The covering portion 311 is disposed opposite to the first end face 22A along the first direction Z. The positioning hole 31A penetrates the covering portion 311. The retaining portion 312 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the side wall 22 to improve the stability of the connection between the top cover 30 and the box body 20.

[0103] In some embodiments, the first seal 32 is disposed between the cover portion 311 and the first end face 22A to improve sealing performance.

[0104] In some embodiments, the first seal 32 is disposed between the retaining portion 312 and the side wall 22 to improve sealing performance.

[0105] In some embodiments, the first seal 32 is made of an elastic material and is pressed together by the cover 31 and the housing 20 to improve sealing performance.

[0106] Optionally, the first seal 32 includes at least one of a silicone ring, a foam pad, an organosilicon sealant, a polyurethane sealant, a modified silane sealant, and a fluorosilicone sealant.

[0107] Please see Figure 7 In some embodiments, the cover 31 is connected to the side wall 22 by a first bow-shaped spring 34. The first bow-shaped spring 34 is disposed on the inner wall of the holding part 312, and the first sealing member 32 is disposed on the side of the first bow-shaped spring 34 that contacts the side wall 22. The holding part 312 is elastically held against the side wall 22 by the first bow-shaped spring 34 and the first sealing member 32 to achieve an interference fit, so as to further improve the sealing performance.

[0108] Please see Figure 6 In some embodiments, the second seal 33 is made of an elastic material and is pressed together by the cover 31 and the housing 111 to improve sealing performance.

[0109] Optionally, the second seal 33 is at least one of a silicone ring, a foam pad, an organosilicon sealant, a polyurethane sealant, a modified silane sealant, and a fluorosilicone sealant.

[0110] Please see Figure 7 In some embodiments, the cover 31 is connected to the housing 111 by a second arc-shaped spring 35. The second arc-shaped spring 35 is disposed on the wall of the positioning hole 31A, and the second sealing member 33 is disposed on the side of the second arc-shaped spring 35 that contacts the housing 111. The cover 31 is elastically held against the housing 111 by the second arc-shaped spring 35 and the second sealing member 33 to achieve an interference fit, so as to further improve the sealing performance.

[0111] In some embodiments, along the first direction Z, the portion of the cover 311 with the positioning hole 31A is thicker than the portion of the cover 311 without the positioning hole 31A, so as to increase the hole wall area of ​​the positioning hole 31A, thereby facilitating the expansion of the sealing interface between the cover 31 and the housing 111, which is beneficial to improving the sealing performance.

[0112] Please see Figure 2 In some embodiments, the sidewall 22 includes a first wall 221 and a second wall 222 spaced apart along a second direction X, and a third wall 223 and a fourth wall 224 spaced apart along a third direction Y. The first direction Z, the second direction X, and the third direction Y are perpendicular to each other. The distance between the first wall 221 and the second wall 222 along the second direction X is greater than the distance between the third wall 223 and the fourth wall 224 along the third direction Y, so as to facilitate the accommodating cavity 20A to accommodate the battery cell assembly 10.

[0113] Please see Figure 2 In some embodiments, the first wall 221 is provided with a liquid inlet 20C, and the second wall 222 is provided with a liquid outlet 20D, allowing the coolant to flow from the first wall 221 to the second wall 222. Multiple battery cells 11 are spaced apart along a second direction X, with the thickness direction of each cell 11 parallel to a third direction Y, so that the multiple battery cells 11 are arranged sequentially in the flow direction of the coolant. The coolant flows sequentially over the larger surface areas at the same locations of the multiple battery cells 11, thereby improving heat dissipation efficiency.

[0114] In some embodiments, along the third direction Y, the distance between two adjacent battery cells 11 is D3, 1mm≤D3≤10mm, to facilitate coolant flow and reduce space waste caused by excessive spacing between battery cells 11.

[0115] Optionally, D3 can be any value within the range of 1mm, 2mm, 2.1mm, 2.2mm, 2.3mm, 2.3mm, 2.5mm, 2.4mm, 2.7mm, 2.8mm, 2.9mm, 3mm, 4mm, 5mm, 6mm, 7mm, 8mm, 9mm, 10mm, and any other value within the range of 1mm≤D3≤10mm.

[0116] Furthermore, 2mm≤D3≤3mm is used to further facilitate the flow of coolant and further reduce the space waste caused by excessive spacing between two adjacent battery cells 11.

[0117] Please see Figure 8In some embodiments, the third wall 223 is provided with a liquid inlet 20C, and the fourth wall 224 is provided with a liquid outlet 20D, allowing the coolant to flow from the third wall 223 to the fourth wall 224. Multiple battery cells 11 are spaced apart along the second direction X, with the thickness direction of each cell 11 parallel to the second direction X, so that the multiple battery cells 11 are arranged sequentially in a direction perpendicular to the coolant flow. The coolant simultaneously flows over the larger surface area at the same location of the multiple battery cells 11, thereby improving heat dissipation efficiency.

[0118] In some embodiments, along the second direction X, the spacing between two adjacent battery cells 11 is D4, 1mm≤D4≤10mm, to facilitate coolant flow and reduce space waste caused by excessive spacing between battery cells 11.

[0119] Optionally, D4 can be any value within the range of 1mm, 2mm, 2.1mm, 2.2mm, 2.3mm, 2.3mm, 2.5mm, 2.4mm, 2.7mm, 2.8mm, 2.9mm, 3mm, 4mm, 5mm, 6mm, 7mm, 8mm, 9mm, 10mm, and any other value within the range of 1mm≤D4≤10mm.

[0120] Furthermore, 2mm≤D4≤3mm is used to further facilitate the flow of coolant and further reduce the space waste caused by excessive spacing between two adjacent battery cells 11.

[0121] In some embodiments, the cover 31 comprises at least one of polycarbonate, polypropylene, and other water-resistant engineering plastics.

[0122] In some embodiments, the coolant includes at least one of deionized water, a water-glycol mixture, and an aqueous solution containing a buffer component.

[0123] In some embodiments, the coolant includes at least one of a buffer stabilizer and a corrosion inhibitor to improve the pH stability and compatibility of the coolant with metallic materials.

[0124] Optionally, the buffer stabilizer includes at least one of boric acid, sodium bicarbonate, and their soluble salts.

[0125] Optionally, the corrosion inhibitor includes at least one of organic amines, phosphonates, or organic carboxylic acids.

[0126] Please see Figure 9In some embodiments, the battery module 100 includes a circulation assembly 40, which includes a liquid pump 41 and a radiator 42. The two ends of the liquid pump 41 are connected to an inlet 20C and an outlet 20D, respectively. The radiator 42 is located outside the housing 20. Under the action of the liquid pump 41, the coolant in the receiving cavity 20A is drawn from the first liquid pipe 411 to the radiator 42 and flows into the receiving cavity 20A from the second liquid pipe 412, forming a circulation channel. Under the action of the liquid pump 41, the coolant in the receiving cavity 20A circulates, improving heat dissipation efficiency.

[0127] In some embodiments, the circulation assembly 40 includes a reservoir that is in communication with a receiving cavity 20A. The reservoir contains coolant, and along the first direction Z, the outlet 20D is lower than the coolant level in the reservoir. The reservoir is configured to allow coolant in the reservoir to flow into the receiving cavity 20A through the height difference of the coolant when the liquid pump 41 fails, thereby reducing the risk of heat dissipation failure.

[0128] In some embodiments, the battery module 100 includes a monitoring module, which includes a temperature sensor and a controller. The temperature sensor is used to collect thermal data of the individual battery cells 11 in real time. The controller adjusts the coolant flow rate based on the data collected by the temperature sensor, or triggers an alarm and power-off protection when there is an abnormal temperature rise, which helps to improve the safety performance of the battery module 100.

[0129] Please see Figure 10 This application provides an electrical device 200, which includes the battery module 100 in any of the above embodiments.

[0130] Electrical equipment 200 may include, but is not limited to, mobile or fixed terminals such as tablet computers (PADs), laptops, personal digital assistants (PDAs), handheld devices with wireless communication capabilities, computing devices, in-vehicle devices, wearable devices, virtual reality (VR) terminal devices, augmented reality (AR) terminal devices, wireless terminals in industrial control, wireless terminals in self-driving, wireless terminals in remote medical care, wireless terminals in smart grids, wireless terminals in transportation safety, wireless terminals in smart cities, and wireless terminals in smart homes.

[0131] In the aforementioned battery module 100 and electrical device 200, when the coolant level is higher than the first opening 20B, excess coolant can be automatically discharged. The portion of the housing 111 located in the receiving cavity 20A is in contact with the coolant, and the portion of the terminal post 112 extending out of the housing 111 extends out of the receiving cavity 20A from the first opening 20B and is isolated from the coolant, thereby achieving semi-immersion liquid cooling. This helps the battery module 100 maintain heat dissipation efficiency while effectively reducing the risk of short circuits in the terminal post 112, thus improving the safety performance of the battery module 100. D2 < D1, to optimize the distribution of coolant, facilitating the guidance of more coolant to contact the housing 111 of the individual battery cell 11, and improving the overall heat dissipation uniformity.

[0132] In addition, those skilled in the art may make other changes within the spirit of this application. Of course, all such changes made in accordance with the spirit of this application should be included within the scope disclosed in this application.

Claims

1. A battery module, characterized in that, The battery module includes: A battery cell assembly includes multiple individual battery cells, each individual battery cell comprising a housing and a terminal, the terminal extending from one side of the housing; The housing includes a receiving cavity and a first opening, a liquid inlet, and a liquid outlet communicating with the receiving cavity. The receiving cavity contains coolant. The liquid inlet is configured to inject the coolant, and the liquid outlet is configured to discharge the coolant. The battery cell assembly is disposed in the receiving cavity. The coolant is in contact with the housing. The housing includes a bottom wall and side walls surrounding the bottom wall. The bottom wall and the side walls enclose the receiving cavity. The bottom wall supports the battery cell assembly along a first direction. The side walls include a first end face away from the bottom wall. The first end face is disposed around the first opening. The liquid inlet and the liquid outlet respectively penetrate the side walls. The portion of the electrode post extending out of the housing extends out of the receiving cavity from the first opening. Multiple battery cells are arranged at intervals on the bottom wall. When viewed along the first direction, the distance between two adjacent battery cells is D1, and the minimum distance between the battery cell and the side wall is D2, where D2 < D1.

2. The battery module as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The sidewall includes a first wall and a second wall spaced apart along a second direction, and a third wall and a fourth wall spaced apart along a third direction, wherein the first direction, the second direction and the third direction are perpendicular to each other; The distance between the first wall and the second wall along the second direction is greater than the distance between the third wall and the fourth wall along the third direction.

3. The battery module as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The first wall is provided with the liquid inlet, and the second wall is provided with the liquid outlet; Multiple battery cells are spaced apart along the second direction. The thickness direction of each battery cell is parallel to the third direction. Along the third direction, the distance between two adjacent battery cells is D3, where 1mm ≤ D3 ≤ 10mm.

4. The battery module as described in claim 3, characterized in that, 2mm≤D3≤3mm.

5. The battery module as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The third wall is provided with the liquid inlet, and the fourth wall is provided with the liquid outlet; Multiple battery cells are spaced apart along the second direction, and the thickness direction of each battery cell is parallel to the second direction. Along the second direction, the distance between two adjacent battery cells is D4, where 1mm≤D4≤10mm.

6. The battery module as described in claim 5, characterized in that, 2mm≤D4≤3mm.

7. The battery module as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Along the first direction, the inlet is lower than the outlet, and the first direction is the direction of gravity.

8. The battery module as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The battery module includes a top cover, the top cover includes a cover body, the cover body and the housing are arranged along the first direction, the cover body is disposed at the first opening, the cover body is provided with positioning holes, each of the battery cells passes through one of the positioning holes, and the part of the terminal post extending out of the housing is disposed on the side of the cover body away from the receiving cavity.

9. The battery module as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The housing includes a body layer and an insulating layer covering the body layer. The thickness of the insulating layer is T1, where 10 μm ≤ T1 ≤ 200 μm. The insulating layer is doped with thermal conductivity enhancing filler, which includes at least one of alumina, boron nitride, or silica micropowder.

10. An electrical appliance, characterized in that, The electrical equipment includes the battery module as described in any one of claims 1 to 9.

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