A model for laparoscopy

Abstract

The utility model relates to medical teaching technical field discloses a kind of abdominal puncture model, including chest and abdomen model and the intestine tube model being located in chest and abdomen model, further include rotating mechanism, rotating mechanism includes gear assembly and connecting rod, gear assembly is connected with intestine tube model, one end of connecting rod is connected with gear assembly, and the other end extends to the outside of chest and abdomen model, rotating connecting rod, gear assembly drives intestine tube model to rotate, water inlet and water outlet are respectively set up on chest and abdomen model, the utility model is rotated by rotating mechanism and drives intestine tube model, simulates the change that intestine tube can possibly occur in actual operation, dynamic simulation reality is more close to clinical scene, it is helpful to improve the adaptability of medical staff, and medical staff can self-control rotating mechanism, increase the randomness of intestine tube activity and change, it is helpful to medical staff to train in multiple scenes, simulate different degrees of ascites by water inlet and water outlet, improve puncture path selection and space stereoscopic feeling.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of medical teaching technology, and in particular to an abdominal puncture model. Background Technology

[0002] Ultrasound-guided paracentesis offers advantages such as safety and real-time positioning, but operators require simulated puncture training. Current models can only provide basic training in displaying the needle's position and direction under ultrasound guidance, and cannot realistically simulate the complex anatomical structures of the human body. Furthermore, the volume of ascites varies within the human body, and using a uniform volume does not achieve satisfactory training results. In actual procedures, the movement and position of the intestines change, and using a fixed simulated intestine has limitations. Additionally, during actual puncture, it is necessary to avoid major blood vessels in the abdominal wall; existing models have low simulation levels and lack the ability to simulate major blood vessels. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a low-cost simulation model that can meet the requirements for training complex skills. Utility Model Content

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide an abdominal paracentesis model to solve the problems in the prior art. It can not only simulate different ascites conditions, but also simulate the position of the intestinal tube to simulate the real situation of human intestinal activity and position changes. At the same time, it has simulated blood vessels, with a higher degree of simulation, which can meet the needs of complex skill training.

[0004] This utility model provides an abdominal puncture model, including a thoracic and abdominal model and an intestinal model disposed within the thoracic and abdominal model, and also includes a rotating mechanism. The rotating mechanism includes a gear assembly and a connecting rod. The gear assembly is connected to the intestinal model. One end of the connecting rod is connected to the gear assembly, and the other end extends to the outside of the thoracic and abdominal model. By rotating the connecting rod, the gear assembly drives the intestinal model to rotate. The thoracic and abdominal model is provided with an inlet and an outlet.

[0005] In the above-described abdominal paracentesis model, preferably, the intestinal model includes an intestinal tube and a turntable, the intestinal tube is fixed to the surface of the turntable in different postures, and the gear assembly is connected to the turntable.

[0006] In the abdominal paracentesis model described above, preferably, the gear assembly includes a gear box and a rotating shaft, a first gear, and a second gear disposed within the gear box. The gear box is fixed to the thoracic and abdominal model. One end of the rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the gear box, and the other end extends out of the gear box and connects to the intestinal model. The first gear is disposed on the rotating shaft, and the second gear meshes with the first gear and is connected to the connecting rod. The connecting rod is rotatably connected to both the gear box and the thoracic and abdominal model.

[0007] In the abdominal paracentesis model described above, preferably, the first gear and the second gear are bevel gears, and the first gear and the second gear are arranged perpendicularly.

[0008] In the abdominal paracentesis model described above, preferably, the rotating shaft, the first gear, and the second gear are all made of plastic.

[0009] In the abdominal paracentesis model described above, preferably, the thoracic and abdominal model has a first and a second independent receiving cavity, the intestinal model and the rotating mechanism are located in the first receiving cavity, the second receiving cavity is located in front of the first receiving cavity, and a vascular alarm mechanism is provided in the second receiving cavity. The puncture path passes through the thoracic and abdominal model and the second receiving cavity in sequence to reach the first receiving cavity.

[0010] In the abdominal paracentesis model described above, preferably, the abdominal paracentesis model further includes a puncture needle, and the vascular alarm mechanism includes a vascular model and an alarm component, wherein:

[0011] The second receiving cavity is provided with a partition. One end of the blood vessel model is fixed on the partition, and the other end extends into the second receiving cavity. The alarm component is provided on the partition and is connected to the blood vessel model and the puncture needle respectively. When the puncture needle comes into contact with the blood vessel model, the alarm component will issue an alarm prompt.

[0012] In the abdominal paracentesis model described above, preferably, the vascular model includes a conductive iron wire simulating the shape of a blood vessel, and the alarm component includes an electrode clip, an indicator light, and a power module. The vascular model, electrode clip, indicator light, power module, and puncture needle are electrically connected in sequence. When the puncture needle touches the vascular model, the vascular alarm mechanism forms an electrical circuit, and the indicator light illuminates.

[0013] In the abdominal paracentesis model described above, preferably, the indicator light is embedded on the surface of the thoracic cavity model.

[0014] In the abdominal paracentesis model described above, preferably, both the inlet and outlet are connected to the first accommodating cavity.

[0015] Compared with existing technologies, this invention uses a rotating mechanism to drive the intestinal model to rotate, simulating the changes that may occur in the intestinal tract during actual operation. The dynamic simulation is more realistic and closer to the clinical scenario, which helps to improve the responsiveness of medical staff. Moreover, medical staff can operate the rotating mechanism themselves, which increases the randomness of intestinal activity and changes, and helps medical staff to train in various scenarios. Different degrees of ascites are simulated through the inlet and outlet, which improves the selection of puncture path and spatial three-dimensionality. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a perspective view of the abdominal puncture model provided in an embodiment of this utility model;

[0017] Figure 2 This is a side sectional view of the abdominal puncture model provided in an embodiment of this utility model;

[0018] Figure 3 This is a top view of the intestinal tube model and rotating mechanism provided in an embodiment of this utility model;

[0019] Figure 4 This is a front view of the blood vessel alarm mechanism provided in an embodiment of this utility model;

[0020] Figure 5 This is a partial perspective view of the abdominal puncture model provided in an embodiment of this utility model.

[0021] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0022] 10. Chest and abdomen model; 11. Inlet; 12. Outlet; 13. First receiving cavity; 14. Second receiving cavity; 15. Baffle;

[0023] 20. Intestinal tract model; 21. Intestinal tract; 22. Rotary disc;

[0024] 30. Rotating mechanism; 31. Gearbox; 32. Shaft; 33. First gear; 34. Second gear; 35. Connecting rod;

[0025] 40. Vascular alarm mechanism; 41. Vascular model; 42. Alarm component; 420. Electrode clip; 421. Indicator light; 422. Power module;

[0026] 50. Puncture needle. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0028] When practicing paracentesis, the intestinal model 20 in the existing model is usually fixed. However, in actual clinical practice, part of the human intestine 21 is mobile. Due to the patient's cough or sudden movement, the intestinal 21 may move rapidly. Although ultrasound can be used to assist in observation, medical staff still need to have the ability to respond to emergencies. The traditional fixed intestinal model 20 cannot help medical staff train their emergency response capabilities.

[0029] Therefore, see Figure 1-2As shown, this utility model proposes an abdominal puncture model, including a thoracic and abdominal model 10 and an intestinal model 20 disposed within the thoracic and abdominal model 10. It also includes a rotating mechanism 30, which includes a gear assembly and a connecting rod 35. The gear assembly is connected to the intestinal model 20. One end of the connecting rod 35 is connected to the gear assembly, and the other end extends to the outside of the thoracic and abdominal model 10. By rotating the connecting rod 35, the gear assembly drives the intestinal model 20 to rotate. The thoracic and abdominal model 10 is provided with an inlet 11 and an outlet 12. In this embodiment, the intestinal model 20 is driven to rotate by the rotating mechanism 30, which can simulate the dynamic displacement of the intestinal tract 21 in the human abdominal cavity caused by breathing, changes in body position, or manipulation. This allows the puncture trainee to feel more realistic tissue feedback. Medical staff can rotate the gear assembly through the external linkage 35 to make the intestinal model 20 rotate at different speeds. For example, low-speed rotation simulates the slight movement of the intestinal tract 21 during calm breathing, while high-speed rotation simulates the violent peristalsis of the intestinal tract 21. This allows medical staff to repeatedly practice the selection of puncture path, master the insertion depth and angle of the puncture needle 50, and avoid damage to the abdominal organs.

[0030] The rotating component is manually controlled, allowing medical staff to freely change the rotation speed or angle during practice, adding more randomness and overcoming the limitations of traditional static models. This significantly improves the realism, safety, and repeatability of operational training. Furthermore, since one of the core clinical scenarios of paracentesis is the drainage of ascites, the inlet 11 and outlet 12 in this embodiment can be used to adjust the amount of ascites, simulating scenarios with different degrees of ascites.

[0031] See Figure 3 As shown, in this embodiment, the intestinal tube model 20 includes an intestinal tube 21 and a turntable 22. The intestinal tube 21 is fixed to the surface of the turntable 22 in different postures, and a gear assembly is connected to the turntable 22. The turntable 22 is provided to facilitate the fixation of the intestinal tube 21 and the rotating mechanism 30. In this embodiment, the gear assembly is located on the back of the turntable 22. The intestinal tubes 21, fixed to the surface of the turntable 22 with different shapes and heights, can simulate the shape of real intestinal tubes 21. It should be noted that the intestinal tubes 21 can be partially suspended outside the turntable 22, and there can be overlap between the intestinal tubes 21 to increase the realism of the model. In addition, since the range of movement of the intestinal tubes 21 will not change too much even if they are displaced, the intestinal tube model 20 is rotated back and forth during training by rotating the connecting rod 35 to allow the intestinal tube model 20 to rotate within a certain range, rather than necessarily rotating 360 degrees. In one feasible implementation, an indicator (not shown in the figure), such as an indicator arrow, can be set at the handle end of the connecting rod 35. The indicator can indicate the current posture of the intestinal tube model 20. For example, an indicator arrow pointing down represents the initial state, and an indicator arrow pointing up represents a 180-degree rotation. This allows medical staff to choose to reset the intestinal tube model 20 to the initial state or rotate it to a specific state as needed. No limitation is made here.

[0032] In one possible implementation, see [link to implementation details]. Figure 2-3 As shown, the gear assembly includes a gearbox 31 and a rotating shaft 32, a first gear 33, and a second gear 34 disposed within the gearbox 31. The gearbox 31 is fixed to the thoracic and abdominal model 10. One end of the rotating shaft 32 is rotatably connected to the gearbox 31, and the other end extends out of the gearbox 31 and connects to the intestinal model 20. The first gear 33 is disposed on the rotating shaft 32, and the second gear 34 is meshed with the first gear 33 and connected to a connecting rod 35. The connecting rod 35 is rotatably connected to both the gearbox 31 and the thoracic and abdominal model 10. The first gear 33 and the second gear 34 mesh, and the direction of rotation is controllable. The connecting rod 35 can drive the intestinal model 20 to rotate bidirectionally, simulating the real displacement of the intestinal tube 21 in the abdominal cavity, such as the movement of the intestinal tube 21 up and down with the diaphragm during breathing, or the sliding of the intestinal tube 21 when the body position changes. In the embodiments provided in this application, the first gear 33 is the driven gear, the second gear 34 is the driving gear, the rotating shaft 32 is fixed to the turntable 22 and rotatably connected to the gear box 31, the connecting rod 35 is fixed to the second gear 34, and the connection points with the gear box 31 and the chest and abdomen model 10 are all rotatably connected. Therefore, when the connecting rod 35 is rotated, the driving gear can drive the driven gear to rotate, thereby causing the turntable 22 to rotate with the driven gear. It should be noted that the gear box 31 is a component used to connect the rotating shaft 32 and the connecting rod 35 respectively and allow them to rotate relative to each other at the connection end of the gear box 31. Therefore, the gear box 31 can also be other support structures with rotating devices, which are not limited here. The connection end of the connecting rod 35 and the chest and abdomen model 10 can rotate relative to each other, but waterproofing and leakage must be ensured, which can be achieved through structures such as rubber seals and O-rings.

[0033] See Figure 3 As shown, the first gear 33 and the second gear 34 are both bevel gears, and the first gear 33 and the second gear 34 are arranged perpendicularly. In this embodiment, since the intestinal tube model 20 rotates facing the medical staff, and the first gear 33 and the second gear 34 are perpendicular, the connecting rod 35 connected to the second gear 34 can extend from the side of the chest and abdomen model 10. The medical staff can practice the puncture scenario when the patient is lying down, and the connecting rod 35 is also more convenient for the medical staff to operate when it is on the side.

[0034] Since there is fluid simulating ascites at the location of the intestinal model 20, the rotating shaft 32, the first gear 33 and the second gear 34 in this embodiment are all made of plastic to avoid rusting due to long-term immersion in water.

[0035] See Figure 2As shown, during the puncture process, the puncture needle 50 first passes through the abdominal wall and then enters the abdominal cavity. The abdominal wall contains large blood vessels, and although instruments are used during the puncture, puncturing a large blood vessel can have serious consequences. Traditional abdominal puncture models do not simulate blood vessels, so medical personnel can only practice avoiding large blood vessels in practice. Therefore, if training can be conducted to practice avoiding large blood vessels, it can increase the clinical experience of medical personnel and reduce errors. In this embodiment, the thoracic-abdominal model 10 has two independent receiving cavities: a first receiving cavity 13 and a second receiving cavity 14. The intestinal model 20 and the rotating mechanism 30 are located in the first receiving cavity 13, and the second receiving cavity 14 is located in front of the first receiving cavity 13. A blood vessel alarm mechanism 40 is installed in the second receiving cavity 14. The puncture path passes sequentially through the thoracic-abdominal model 10, the second receiving cavity 14, and then to the first receiving cavity 13. To prevent water from flowing into the second receiving cavity 14 from the first receiving cavity 13, the second receiving cavity 14 is completely isolated and sealed from the first receiving cavity 13.

[0036] The first cavity 13 simulates the abdominal cavity of a human body, and the second cavity 14 simulates the abdominal wall layer. A blood vessel alarm mechanism 40 is installed in the abdominal wall layer. When the puncture needle 50 is inserted, it first passes through the simulated abdominal wall layer before reaching the abdominal cavity layer. During this process, one can practice how to avoid major blood vessels. Traditional abdominal cavity models only have one layer. However, in reality, human weight and abdominal fat vary. After puncturing a single layer, the needle reaches the abdominal cavity without experiencing the obstruction sensation of passing through the abdominal wall fat layer. This makes it impossible to achieve the "feeling of emptiness" when the puncture needle 50 penetrates the peritoneum. In this embodiment, the addition of an abdominal wall layer can more realistically simulate the obstruction sensation from the human abdominal wall to the abdominal cavity, improving the ability to perceive the feeling of emptiness. The abdominal cavity model is made of silicone material, resulting in a better simulation effect.

[0037] See Figure 2 and Figure 4-5 As shown, in one feasible embodiment, the abdominal paracentesis model further includes a puncture needle 50, and the vascular alarm mechanism 40 includes a vascular model 41 and an alarm component 42, wherein:

[0038] A partition 15 is provided inside the second receiving cavity 14. One end of the vascular model 41 is fixed to the partition 15, and the other end extends into the second receiving cavity 14. An alarm component 42 is provided on the partition 15 and is connected to both the vascular model 41 and the puncture needle 50. When the puncture needle 50 contacts the vascular model 41, the alarm component 42 issues an alarm. In the embodiment provided in this application, the partition 15 is located above the second receiving cavity 14, or it can be located on the side, for fixing the vascular model 41 and the alarm component 42. One end of the vascular model 41 is fixed to the partition 15 because the vascular model 41 does not need to move, so it is fixed. The other end is suspended in the second receiving cavity 14, simulating a blood vessel located in the abdominal wall layer. After the puncture needle 50 punctures the abdominal cavity model, it reaches the first receiving cavity 13 through the second receiving cavity 14. If the vascular model 41 is touched in the second receiving cavity 14, the alarm component 42 issues an alarm, prompting medical personnel to change the puncture path.

[0039] See Figure 4-5 As shown, in one feasible embodiment, the blood vessel model 41 includes a conductive iron wire that simulates the shape of a blood vessel, and the alarm component 42 includes an electrode clip 420, an indicator light 421, and a power module 422. The blood vessel model 41, the electrode clip 420, the indicator light 421, the power module 422, and the puncture needle 50 are electrically connected in sequence. When the puncture needle 50 touches the blood vessel model 41, the blood vessel alarm mechanism 40 forms an electrical circuit, and the indicator light 421 lights up. In this embodiment, the vascular model 41 is designed to resemble the shape of blood vessels within the abdominal wall. It is constructed using conductive iron wire. The vascular model 41, electrode clip 420, indicator light 421, power module 422, and puncture needle 50 are connected via wires. The puncture needle 50 is connected to the outside of the abdominal cavity model via wires. The puncture needle 50 is made of conductive material. During puncture, if the puncture needle 50 touches the vascular model 41, all components are connected in series, and the indicator light 421 illuminates, reminding medical personnel to adjust the puncture path in a timely manner. Through repeated training, medical personnel can easily master the insertion depth and angle of the puncture needle 50, avoiding damage to the abdominal organs.

[0040] See Figure 1 As shown, the indicator light 421 is embedded in the surface of the thoracic cavity model for easy observation. A buzzer alarm could also be installed; this is not a limitation. It should be noted that the circuitry and control systems involved in this invention are existing technologies and will not be described in detail here.

[0041] See Figure 1-2 and Figure 4-5 As shown, in this embodiment, both the inlet 11 and the outlet 12 are connected to the first receiving cavity 13. The outlet 12 is located at the bottom of the first receiving cavity 13 for easy drainage.

[0042] Based on the above-mentioned abdominal paracentesis model, its working principle is as follows:

[0043] Medical staff can inject and drain water into the first receiving cavity 13 through the inlet 11 and outlet 12 to simulate different levels of ascites. By rotating the connecting rod 35, the gear assembly drives the intestinal model 20 to rotate to simulate the changes in the posture of the intestinal tract 21. Medical staff can perform puncture from the front of the abdominal cavity model, first through the first receiving cavity 13 to the second receiving cavity 14. If the blood vessel model 41 is touched in the first receiving cavity 13, the alarm component 42 will sound an alarm, prompting the medical staff to change the puncture route. Through repeated practice, it helps medical staff master the operation procedure, technical points and precautions of abdominal paracentesis.

[0044] The above description, based on the embodiments shown in the drawings, details the structure, features, and effects of this utility model. The above description is only a preferred embodiment of this utility model, but the scope of implementation of this utility model is not limited to what is shown in the drawings. Any changes made in accordance with the concept of this utility model, or modifications to equivalent embodiments, that do not exceed the spirit covered by the specification and drawings, shall be within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. An abdominal paracentesis model, comprising a thoracic-abdominal model and an intestinal model disposed within the thoracic-abdominal model, characterized in that, It also includes a rotating mechanism, which includes a gear assembly and a connecting rod. The gear assembly is connected to the intestinal model. One end of the connecting rod is connected to the gear assembly, and the other end extends to the outside of the thoracic and abdominal model. By rotating the connecting rod, the gear assembly drives the intestinal model to rotate. The thoracic and abdominal model is provided with an inlet and an outlet.

2. The abdominal paracentesis model according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intestinal tube model includes an intestinal tube and a turntable. The intestinal tube is fixed to the surface of the turntable in different postures, and the gear assembly is connected to the turntable.

3. The abdominal paracentesis model according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gear assembly includes a gear box and a rotating shaft, a first gear, and a second gear disposed within the gear box. The gear box is fixed to the thoracic and abdominal model. One end of the rotating shaft is rotatably connected to the gear box, and the other end extends out of the gear box and connects to the intestinal model. The first gear is disposed on the rotating shaft. The second gear meshes with the first gear and is connected to the connecting rod. The connecting rod is rotatably connected to both the gear box and the thoracic and abdominal model.

4. The abdominal paracentesis model according to claim 3, characterized in that, The first gear and the second gear are both bevel gears, and the first gear and the second gear are arranged perpendicularly.

5. The abdominal paracentesis model according to claim 3, characterized in that, The shaft, the first gear, and the second gear are all made of plastic.

6. The abdominal paracentesis model according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thoracic and abdominal model has a first and a second independent accommodating cavity. The intestinal model and the rotating mechanism are located in the first accommodating cavity. The second accommodating cavity is located in front of the first accommodating cavity. A vascular alarm mechanism is installed in the second accommodating cavity. The puncture path passes through the thoracic and abdominal model and the second accommodating cavity in sequence to reach the first accommodating cavity.

7. The abdominal paracentesis model according to claim 6, characterized in that, The abdominal paracentesis model also includes a puncture needle, and the vascular alarm mechanism includes a vascular model and an alarm component, wherein: The second receiving cavity is provided with a partition. One end of the blood vessel model is fixed on the partition, and the other end extends into the second receiving cavity. The alarm component is provided on the partition and is connected to the blood vessel model and the puncture needle respectively. When the puncture needle comes into contact with the blood vessel model, the alarm component will issue an alarm prompt.

8. The abdominal paracentesis model according to claim 7, characterized in that, The vascular model includes a conductive iron wire that simulates the shape of a blood vessel. The alarm component includes an electrode clip, an indicator light, and a power module. The vascular model, electrode clip, indicator light, power module, and puncture needle are electrically connected in sequence. When the puncture needle touches the vascular model, the vascular alarm mechanism forms an electrical circuit, and the indicator light lights up.

9. The abdominal paracentesis model according to claim 8, characterized in that, The indicator light is embedded in the surface of the thoracic cavity model.

10. The abdominal paracentesis model according to claim 6, characterized in that, Both the inlet and outlet are connected to the first accommodating cavity.

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