A photovoltaic water and fertilizer integrated irrigation control system

Abstract

The utility model provides a kind of photovoltaic water and fertilizer integrated irrigation control system, belong to photovoltaic water and fertilizer integrated irrigation control technical field;To solve the technical problem that irrigation area relies on artificial management, cannot objectively and accurately control and adjust irrigation time and water volume, the technical scheme for using is as follows: the photovoltaic power generation unit set includes photovoltaic panel and battery pack, and the output end of photovoltaic panel is connected with battery pack and control cabinet respectively through photovoltaic controller;Water and fertilizer mixing unit includes water storage pool, fertilizer solution barrel, mixed water tank, water storage pool pumps water source into mixed water tank by driving water pump, fertilizer solution barrel pumps fertilizer into mixed water tank by fertilizer water pump, mixed water tank is internally provided with stirring motor, can mix water source and fertilizer according to set proportion, and the discharge end of mixed water tank is connected with the inlet of irrigation pipe network main pipeline;The utility model is applied to control water and fertilizer integrated irrigation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model provides a photovoltaic integrated water and fertilizer irrigation control system, belonging to the field of photovoltaic integrated water and fertilizer irrigation control technology. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous development of society and economy, traditional field irrigation methods can no longer meet the requirements of green, efficient and intelligent irrigation. Due to the wide distribution of irrigation areas, there are many areas that cannot be reached by the power grid. These areas cannot be controlled and managed uniformly using electrical control systems and sensors. Data collection still relies on manual methods, which is labor-intensive and inefficient. It is impossible to objectively and accurately control and adjust irrigation time and water volume, resulting in waste of water and fertilizer resources and poor irrigation effect on crops in the corresponding areas. Utility Model Content

[0003] To solve the technical problems existing in the background art, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a photovoltaic water and fertilizer integrated irrigation control system is provided, including a photovoltaic power generation unit, a water and fertilizer mixing unit and a control cabinet installed in the irrigation operation area. The photovoltaic power generation unit includes a photovoltaic panel and a battery pack. The output end of the photovoltaic panel is connected to the battery pack and the control cabinet respectively through a photovoltaic controller.

[0004] The water-fertilizer mixing unit includes a water storage tank, a fertilizer tank, and a mixing tank. The water storage tank pumps water into the mixing tank via a driving water pump. The fertilizer tank pumps fertilizer into the mixing tank via a fertilizer pump. The mixing tank is equipped with a stirring motor that can mix water and fertilizer according to a set ratio. The discharge end of the mixing tank is connected to the inlet of the main irrigation pipeline.

[0005] Based on the distribution of irrigation operation areas, multiple branch pipelines are connected to the main irrigation pipeline network. Water emitters are installed at the outlets of the branch pipelines, and solenoid valves are installed at the inlet ends of the water emitters.

[0006] The control cabinet is equipped with a main controller, which is wirelessly connected to the host computer via a wireless communication module.

[0007] Multiple temperature and humidity sensors are also evenly distributed in the soil of the irrigation area;

[0008] Water level sensors are also installed in the water storage tank, fertilizer tank, and mixing tank;

[0009] Flow sensors and pressure sensors are also installed in the main and branch pipelines of the irrigation network;

[0010] The control terminals of the drive water pump, fertilizer water pump, stirring motor, and various solenoid valves, temperature and humidity sensors, water level sensors, flow sensors, and pressure sensors are all connected to the main controller via wires.

[0011] A fertilizer pump is installed at the inlet of each branch pipeline, and the control terminal of each fertilizer pump is connected to the main controller via a wire.

[0012] The fertilizer pump is specifically a DC pump or an AC pump.

[0013] The photovoltaic panels are specifically installed on photovoltaic brackets with adjustable tilt angles and orientations.

[0014] The battery pack is specifically a lead-acid battery or a lithium battery.

[0015] The wireless communication module is specifically a LoRa wireless communication module.

[0016] Sand filters or disc filters are also installed at the inlet of the main irrigation pipeline.

[0017] The outlet end of the irrigation device can be equipped with drip irrigation tape, drippers, micro-sprinklers, or rotary sprinklers, depending on the crop and terrain conditions.

[0018] The main controller uses an STM32F103C8T6 chip.

[0019] The advantages of this utility model compared to the prior art are as follows: The photovoltaic water and fertilizer integrated irrigation control system provided by this utility model addresses the shortcomings of lack of power distribution networks or high electricity costs in fields and fields. It adopts solar photovoltaic power generation to provide the main operating energy for the system, reducing operating costs and dependence on the traditional power grid. Based on real-time collected soil moisture and meteorological data, it accurately supplies water according to the water demand patterns of orchards or terraced fields, achieving efficient water use and minimizing water waste. At the same time, a remote monitoring module is set up to monitor field information and system status anytime and anywhere, quickly respond to anomalies, and realize remote real-time monitoring and parameter adjustment of system operation status. The entire control system can operate stably for a long time in an unattended environment, saving a lot of labor costs. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of this utility model;

[0022] In the diagram, the numbers represent: 11 for photovoltaic panels, 12 for battery packs, and 13 for photovoltaic controllers.

[0023] 21 is the drive water pump, 22 is the fertilizer water pump, and 23 is the mixing motor;

[0024] 31 is the main controller, 32 is the wireless communication module, and 33 is the host computer;

[0025] 41 is a solenoid valve, 42 is a temperature and humidity sensor, 43 is a water level sensor, 44 is a flow sensor, 45 is a pressure sensor, and 51 is a fertilizer pump. Detailed Implementation

[0026] like Figure 1 As shown, the photovoltaic water and fertilizer integrated irrigation control system provided by this utility model achieves intelligent irrigation control with independent energy and high water efficiency based on solar photovoltaic, water-saving irrigation and automatic control technologies. It can solve the energy problem of field irrigation, and further achieve resource conservation and improve the quality and efficiency of agricultural production through precise irrigation control, so as to realize sustainable agriculture and green development. This utility model can adjust the irrigation control method according to the season and crop growth stage, and can be used for irrigation of field crops in arid areas or for irrigation of mountain orchards.

[0027] Furthermore, this utility model mainly includes the following unit modules:

[0028] Photovoltaic power generation unit: Provides clean energy to drive water pumps and control systems, including photovoltaic panels, energy storage and water tanks, and uses battery packs for energy storage and water tanks to utilize potential energy.

[0029] Water and fertilizer mixing unit: Enables precise water and fertilizer mixing and delivery;

[0030] Intelligent control system (IoT platform and control cabinet): Data acquisition is achieved through IoT sensors, and the platform enables remote monitoring and decision-making.

[0031] Irrigation network: including drip or sprinkler irrigation pipes and sensor networks;

[0032] The photovoltaic power generation unit includes a photovoltaic panel 11 and a battery pack 12. The output end of the photovoltaic panel 11 is connected to the battery pack 12 and the control cabinet through a photovoltaic controller 13.

[0033] The water-fertilizer mixing unit includes a water storage tank, a fertilizer tank, and a mixing tank. The water storage tank pumps water into the mixing tank via a water pump 21. The fertilizer tank pumps fertilizer into the mixing tank via a fertilizer pump 22. The mixing tank is equipped with a stirring motor 23, which can mix water and fertilizer according to a set ratio. The discharge end of the mixing tank is connected to the inlet of the main irrigation pipeline.

[0034] According to the distribution of irrigation operation areas, multiple branch pipelines are connected to the main pipeline of the irrigation network. Water emitters are installed at the outlets of the branch pipelines, and solenoid valves 41 are installed at the inlet of the water emitters.

[0035] The control cabinet is equipped with a main controller 31, which is wirelessly connected to the host computer 33 via a wireless communication module 32.

[0036] Multiple temperature and humidity sensors 42 are also evenly distributed in the soil of the irrigation area;

[0037] Water level sensors 43 are also installed in the water storage tank, fertilizer tank, and mixing tank;

[0038] Flow sensors 44 and pressure sensors 45 are also installed in the main and branch pipelines of the irrigation network.

[0039] The control terminals of the drive water pump 21, fertilizer water pump 22, stirring motor 23, and various solenoid valves 41, temperature and humidity sensor 42, water level sensor 43, flow sensor 44, and pressure sensor 45 are all connected to the main controller 31 via wires.

[0040] At the inlet of each branch pipeline, a fertilizer pump 51 is also installed, and the control terminal of each fertilizer pump 51 is connected to the main controller 31 through a wire.

[0041] The fertilizer pump 51 is specifically a DC pump or an AC pump.

[0042] The working process of this utility model is as follows:

[0043] Photovoltaic power generation (including power generation storage and inversion);

[0044] Control the drive water pump to lift water to a high-level water storage tank (or directly pressurize it).

[0045] The water-fertilizer machine is controlled to mix fertilizers according to the Venturi principle and discharge them in a set ratio.

[0046] The control cabinet controls the start and stop of irrigation based on soil sensors and meteorological data;

[0047] Water or fertilizer is transported through pipes to the sprinkler heads or drippers of the irrigation system for irrigation.

[0048] Furthermore, the photovoltaic power generation unit provided by this utility model includes photovoltaic modules, specifically high-efficiency monocrystalline silicon or polycrystalline silicon photovoltaic panels. The photovoltaic power generation unit performs capacity calculations based on the water pump power, daily operating time, sunshine hours, and system efficiency to ensure that the output power under typical sunshine conditions can meet the system's daily power consumption requirements, and also considers a certain amount of energy storage or redundancy for cloudy or rainy days.

[0049] In actual setup, the total power of the integrated water and fertilizer system needs to be considered, including the core water pump 18KW + stirring motor 0.75KW*3 + fertilizer motor 1.5KW = 21.75KW. Therefore, the selected monocrystalline silicon photovoltaic panels are required to have a power of ≥360W per panel, with a total of 63 panels installed, so that the total power is ≥22kW.

[0050] The photovoltaic mounting system uses fixed mounting brackets (single-axis or dual-axis tracking brackets are optional to improve power generation efficiency), ensuring the optimal tilt angle and orientation (usually due south, with the tilt angle close to the local latitude), and the structure is sturdy and wind-resistant.

[0051] The photovoltaic power generation unit uses an MPPT photovoltaic controller as a maximum power point tracking controller, which can maximize the use of the photovoltaic panel output power to charge the battery. If a DC pump is used, the system voltage (12V, 4V, 48V, etc.) and the photovoltaic panel power need to be matched.

[0052] The photovoltaic power generation unit also includes an independent energy storage module and a system controller.

[0053] The energy storage module includes a battery pack, specifically a deep-cycle lead-acid battery (such as a gel battery) or a lithium battery (such as LiFePO4, which has a long lifespan, high efficiency, and low maintenance), used to store excess solar energy (photovoltaic power) and provide power at night, on cloudy or rainy days, or when there is insufficient sunlight, to ensure continuous system operation; its capacity can be calculated based on the load power consumption and the expected 8 hours of operation without sunlight. The lead-acid or lithium battery pack used should have a capacity of ≥40kWh to maintain power supply for 8 hours.

[0054] This utility model, by setting up a corresponding system controller or energy manager, can achieve coordinated control of photovoltaic power generation, battery charging and discharging, and load power supply, and has overcharge, over-discharge, overload, and short-circuit protection functions.

[0055] In this embodiment, the pumps are strictly selected based on the irrigation area, terrain elevation difference, pipeline design, required flow rate and head to ensure normal operation under available photovoltaic power. The selected pumps have a head ≥100m and a flow rate ≥50m³ / h, which can match the needs of 230 mu of rotational irrigation. DC pumps are preferred (high efficiency, no inverter required, directly driven by photovoltaic or battery).

[0056] If high water pressure or flow rate is required, an AC water pump can be selected. An inverter needs to be installed to convert the DC power from the battery into AC power to drive the water pump. A pure sine wave inverter should be selected, and its power should be greater than the starting power of the water pump (considering the starting current surge). A frequency converter can also be installed as needed to adjust the water pump speed to achieve constant pressure water supply or energy-saving operation.

[0057] In this embodiment, the main controller used in this invention can be an RTU, a PLC, or other smart gateway, used to receive sensor data, execute irrigation logic, and control the start and stop of the water pump and the opening and closing of the valve.

[0058] The main controller uses a 16-channel I / O interface to connect sensors and actuators, and has a built-in programmable logic control module and data storage module. The communication module uses 4G and LoRa wireless communication modules.

[0059] The sensor network uses soil four-element sensors: humidity, temperature, EC, and pH, buried at a depth of 20cm. Among them, the humidity sensor is a key sensor, buried in the crop root layer to monitor the soil volumetric water content in real time. It is arranged at multiple points to reflect the conditions of different areas. The sensor types are capacitive or TDR, etc.

[0060] By setting up a water level sensor to monitor the water level of the selected water source (storage tank, mixing tank, well, fertilizer tank), and providing real-time feedback, the water pump or equipment can be prevented from running dry.

[0061] Install flow sensors to monitor the actual irrigation water volume, achieve accurate metering and fault alarm (such as pipe rupture).

[0062] Install pressure sensors, using general-purpose sensors for monitoring pipeline pressure, to ensure normal system operation and detect whether there are blockages or leaks in the pipeline;

[0063] The solenoid valve or electric valve provided in this invention can precisely control the switching of each irrigation zone according to the instructions sent by the controller, and must be matched with the pipe diameter and working pressure.

[0064] The water supply network laid in this utility model consists of multiple pipes. The pipes used can be selected from PE pipes, PVC pipes, etc., depending on flow rate, pressure, weather resistance, and cost. By rationally designing the pipe diameter, head loss can be reduced. If PE material is used, a pressure resistance of ≥4 bar is required. A filter (disc filter, sand filter) must be installed at the water inlet of the network to prevent impurities from clogging the nozzles or drippers.

[0065] The irrigation device used in this utility model selects drip irrigation tape, drippers, micro-sprinklers, and rotary sprinklers according to the crop and terrain to achieve precise and efficient water use. The drip irrigation tape uses pressure-compensated drippers with a working head of 0.02MPa (≈2-meter drop). The sprinkler head is rotary with a coverage radius of ≥15m to adapt to hilly terrain.

[0066] The remote monitoring and management platform used in this invention is deployed in a host computer. During use, the main controller uploads data to the cloud platform or local server via wireless 4G or LoRaWAN. Staff can view real-time data from all sensors (soil moisture, weather, water level, flow rate, pressure, system voltage and current, pump status, etc.) through a mobile APP or PC. It supports parameter modification, emergency braking control, and remote control of pump start / stop and valve opening / closing. The management platform also supports historical data query (temperature and humidity, irrigation volume, power generation), chart display, water consumption statistics, and efficiency analysis. When situations such as excessively dry / wet soil, equipment failure (pump malfunction, communication interruption, blockage, insufficient fertilizer solution, low voltage, low water level, low / high pressure pipeline, equipment failure), or abnormal battery status occur, the platform supports real-time push alarms (SMS / App).

[0067] Before installation and use, this utility model requires on-site collection of information such as climate, water source, soil, crops, terrain, area, existing facilities, and user needs. Based on these needs, the system installation and commissioning are completed, and detailed design and selection of photovoltaic, energy storage, water pumps, pipelines, and controllers are completed. During on-site construction, the installation of photovoltaic brackets and modules, water pumps, water tanks, filters, and other components should be completed separately. Then, the main controller cabinet is installed and wired, various sensors are deployed and installed, pipelines and cables are laid and watering devices are installed, and finally, equipment wiring, communication configuration, setting control thresholds, and linkage testing with the host computer are performed.

[0068] Regarding the specific structure of this utility model, it should be noted that the connection relationships between the various component modules adopted in this utility model are definite and achievable. Except as specifically described in the embodiments, their specific connection relationships can bring about corresponding technical effects and solve the technical problems proposed by this utility model without relying on the execution of corresponding software programs. The models of the components, modules, and specific components appearing in this utility model, the connection methods between them, and the conventional usage methods and expected technical effects brought about by the above-mentioned technical features, unless specifically described, are all publicly disclosed content in patents, journal articles, technical manuals, technical dictionaries, and textbooks that can be obtained by those skilled in the art before the application date, or belong to conventional technology, common knowledge, and other existing technologies in this field, and need not be elaborated. For example, the chip model used inside the main controller 31 is STM32F103C8T6, which makes the technical solution provided in this case clear, complete, and achievable, and can reproduce or obtain the corresponding physical product based on this technical means.

[0069] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this utility model, and are not intended to limit it. Although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic-fertigation integrated irrigation control system, comprising a photovoltaic power generation unit, a water and fertilizer mixing unit, and a control cabinet installed in the irrigation operation area, characterized in that: The photovoltaic power generation unit includes a photovoltaic panel (11) and a battery pack (12). The output end of the photovoltaic panel (11) is connected to the battery pack (12) and the control cabinet respectively through a photovoltaic controller (13). The water-fertilizer mixing unit includes a water storage tank, a fertilizer tank, and a mixing tank. The water storage tank pumps water into the mixing tank via a driving water pump (21). The fertilizer tank pumps fertilizer into the mixing tank via a fertilizer water pump (22). The mixing tank is equipped with a stirring motor (23) that can mix water and fertilizer according to a set ratio. The discharge end of the mixing tank is connected to the inlet of the main pipeline of the irrigation network. According to the distribution of irrigation operation areas, multiple branch pipes are connected to the main irrigation pipeline. Water emitters are installed at the outlets of the branch pipes, and solenoid valves (41) are installed at the inlet of the water emitters. The control cabinet is equipped with a main controller (31), which is wirelessly connected to the host computer (33) via a wireless communication module (32). Multiple temperature and humidity sensors (42) are also evenly placed in the soil of the irrigation area. Water level sensors (43) are also installed in the water storage tank, fertilizer tank, and mixing tank. Flow sensors (44) and pressure sensors (45) are also installed in the main and branch pipelines of the irrigation network. The control terminals of the drive pump (21), fertilizer pump (22), stirring motor (23), and various solenoid valves (41), temperature and humidity sensor (42), water level sensor (43), flow sensor (44), and pressure sensor (45) are all connected to the main controller (31) via wires.

2. The photovoltaic water and fertilizer integrated irrigation control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A fertilizer pump (51) is also installed at the inlet end of each branch pipeline. The control end of each fertilizer pump (51) is connected to the main controller (31) through a wire. The fertilizer pump (51) is specifically a DC pump or an AC pump.

3. The photovoltaic water and fertilizer integrated irrigation control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The photovoltaic panel (11) is specifically installed on a photovoltaic bracket with adjustable tilt angle and orientation.

4. The photovoltaic water and fertilizer integrated irrigation control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery pack (12) is specifically a lead-acid battery or a lithium battery.

5. The photovoltaic water and fertilizer integrated irrigation control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wireless communication module (32) is specifically a LoRa wireless communication module.

6. The photovoltaic water and fertilizer integrated irrigation control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: Sand filters or disc filters are also installed at the inlet of the main irrigation pipeline.

7. The photovoltaic water and fertilizer integrated irrigation control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outlet end of the irrigation device can be equipped with drip irrigation tape, drippers, micro-sprinklers, or rotary sprinklers, depending on the crop and terrain conditions.

8. The photovoltaic water and fertilizer integrated irrigation control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The chip used inside the main controller (31) is an STM32F103C8T6.

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