A device for producing oil by pyrolysis of mixed waste plastics

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of waste plastics pyrolysis oil production, concretely provides a kind of mixed waste plastics pyrolysis oil production device, including preheater (1), reactor (2), deslagging device (3), reforming device (4). Advantageous effect lies in, continuous reaction is realized, and production efficiency is effectively improved;And according to the accurate segmented temperature control of plastic component, improve yield.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of waste plastic pyrolysis oil production technology, specifically a mixed waste plastic pyrolysis oil production device. Background Technology

[0002] Waste plastics manufactured from petroleum have low recyclability and are mostly disposed of as waste. These forms of waste decompose naturally, but the long decomposition process pollutes the soil and causes serious environmental pollution. One method of recycling waste plastics is to pyrolyze them and convert them into usable oil, known as waste plastic pyrolysis oil.

[0003] On the one hand, traditional pyrolysis oil production equipment only controls the upper limit of the reactor temperature. However, since the optimal oil output temperature varies for different types of plastics, in scenarios where mixed waste plastics are used as raw materials for pyrolysis oil production, the different proportions of various types of plastics in the raw materials make it impossible to precisely control the temperature. Usually, the reaction temperature can only be set based on experience, resulting in a low oil yield.

[0004] Studies have shown that polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene constitute the largest proportion of existing waste plastics, accounting for more than 90% of the total. Therefore, the oil yield can be effectively increased by precisely controlling the pyrolysis temperature of these three plastics.

[0005] On the other hand, the varying proportions of different types of plastics in the raw materials make it impossible to precisely control the temperature and reaction time; the reaction time is usually set based on experience. Therefore, traditional pyrolysis oil production units all employ intermittent feeding. The existing technology suffers from the following problems:

[0006] Deoxygenation of the reactor is required before each feeding.

[0007] The reaction rate decreases in the later stages of each feeding process, resulting in a reduction in overall production efficiency.

[0008] After each feeding reaction, the reactor must be cooled to a safe temperature before slag can be discharged to prevent the high-temperature carbon slag from coming into contact with air and burning.

[0009] The aforementioned problems result in a production efficiency that is far lower for intermittent feeding than for continuous feeding.

[0010] Based on the above problems, the technical solution of this application is formulated in order to obtain the optimal economic value. Utility Model Content

[0011] The technical problem to be solved by this utility model is to provide a reaction device that can control the temperature in stages when using mixed waste plastics as raw materials, thus solving the problems existing in the prior art.

[0012] One of the objectives of this invention is to achieve continuous feeding and improve production efficiency;

[0013] The second objective of this invention is to provide automatic segmented temperature control, enabling different raw materials in mixed plastics to decompose under optimal conditions, thereby increasing the oil yield.

[0014] This utility model discloses a mixed waste plastic pyrolysis oil production device, including a preheater, a reactor, a slag discharge device, and a reforming device; the outlet of the preheater is connected to the inlet of the reactor;

[0015] The reactor solid phase outlet is located at the bottom side wall of the reactor; the reactor outlet is connected to the inlet of the slag discharge device through an intermittently opening discharge valve;

[0016] The gas phase outlet of the reactor is connected to the inlet of the reforming unit, and the liquid phase at the bottom of the reforming unit is refluxed to the reactor; the gas phase outlet at the top of the reforming unit discharges the gas phase to the subsequent process section.

[0017] The reactor is equipped with a flow guiding device, and adjacent flow guiding devices are arranged alternately.

[0018] The flow guiding device includes a fixing part, a weight sensing device, and a heating plate; the fixing part is used to fix the flow guiding device to the inner wall of the reactor; the heating plate is disposed on the upper part of the fixing part, and the weight sensing device is disposed between the heating plate and the fixing part;

[0019] Multiple flow guiding devices are arranged from top to bottom. The initial temperature of each heating plate is set to T1. When the percentage difference between the weight sensor values ​​of adjacent flow guiding devices reaches a threshold, the temperature of the lower heating plate automatically rises to T2, and so on until T1. n ;

[0020] The slag discharge device includes a slag discharge vessel, a gas flow meter, a slag discharge valve, and a cooling device;

[0021] The cooling device is used to cool the slag discharge vessel; a gas flow meter is installed at the gas outlet at the top of the slag discharge vessel, and an intermittently opening slag discharge valve is installed at the bottom of the slag discharge vessel; the cooling device is activated when the gas flow meter velocity is lower than a preset value, and the slag discharge valve is activated when the temperature of the slag discharge vessel drops to a preset value.

[0022] Furthermore, the slag discharge vessel is equipped with a stirring device.

[0023] Preferably, the cooling device employs a jacketed cooling system.

[0024] Furthermore, the unloading valve and the slag discharge valve are interlocked and cannot be opened simultaneously.

[0025] Furthermore, the gas outlet at the top of the slag discharge vessel is connected to the reforming unit.

[0026] Preferably, the temperature does not increase further once n reaches 3.

[0027] Furthermore, the temperature T1 is 300–340°C, preferably 340°C.

[0028] Furthermore, the T2 temperature is 360–420°C, preferably 420°C.

[0029] Furthermore, the T3 temperature is 450–500°C, preferably 500°C.

[0030] Preferably, the threshold is 1% to 5%.

[0031] Furthermore, the reactor is also provided with a slag discharge port, which is located on the bottom side wall of the reactor.

[0032] Furthermore, the bottom of the reactor has a convex shape that is low around the edges and high in the middle, which facilitates the discharge of solid slag.

[0033] The operation process of this utility model is as follows:

[0034] Solid mixed waste plastics are preheated and melted in a preheating device. After entering the reactor, they decompose and vaporize as they flow on the heating plate. Unreacted substances flow to the next heating plate. When the weight reduction percentage of the next heating plate reaches a threshold, it can be considered that the easiest type of plastic to decompose has been completely decomposed under the optimal oil yield condition (PS). At this time, the subsequent heating plate automatically heats up to adjust to the optimal oil yield temperature of the next type of plastic (PP). After the PP is completely decomposed, the subsequent heating plate heats up to the optimal oil yield temperature of PE.

[0035] As mixed waste plastics are continuously added, even if the proportion of different waste plastics changes, the heating plate will adjust in real time according to the weight data to ensure that different types of plastics can be decomposed directly into gas phase and carbon residue at a better oil output temperature.

[0036] After the gas phase is discharged and cooled by the recombination unit, recombination stops, forming oil (gas phase) and heavy components (liquid phase). The oil is discharged into the subsequent process section for cooling to form the final product, while the heavy components are returned to the reactor for further decomposition. Unreacted raw materials and carbon residue mixture in the reactor are intermittently discharged into the slag discharge vessel, and the discharge valve is closed after discharge. In the slag discharge vessel, unreacted plastics continue to react until fully decomposed (monitored by a gas flow meter). After complete decomposition, the temperature is lowered to a safe level, and the slag discharge valve is opened to discharge the carbon residue. After the slag discharge vessel is emptied, it waits for the next opening of the discharge valve to repeat the above process.

[0037] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0038] 1. By installing a slag discharge device, continuous feeding and production can be achieved in the reactor;

[0039] 2. Monitor the decomposition of plastics in the slag discharge device by installing a gas flow meter;

[0040] 3. By installing a cooling device, the carbon slag is cooled to ensure safety;

[0041] 4. The method of controlling temperature using weight data solves the problem of difficulty in controlling the optimal oil extraction temperature for different proportions of waste plastic raw materials;

[0042] 5. Ensure that different types of plastics react at optimal decomposition temperatures;

[0043] 6. Effectively increases oil yield. Attached Figure Description

[0044] Figure 1 Equipment structure diagram;

[0045] Figure 2 Structural diagram of the slag discharge device;

[0046] Figure 3 Reactor structure diagram;

[0047] Figure 4 Diagram of the flow guiding device. Detailed Implementation

[0048] The specific implementation of this utility model will be further described below with reference to the embodiments. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical embodiments of this utility model, and should not be used to limit the protection scope of this utility model.

[0049] Example 1

[0050] This utility model discloses a mixed waste plastic pyrolysis oil production device, including a preheater 1, a reactor 2, a slag discharge device 3, and a reforming device 4; the outlet of the preheater 1 is connected to the inlet of the reactor 2;

[0051] The solid phase outlet of reactor 2 is located at the bottom side wall of reactor 2; the outlet of reactor 2 is connected to the inlet of the slag discharge device 3 through an intermittently opening discharge valve 32.

[0052] The gas phase outlet of reactor 2 is connected to the inlet of reforming unit 4, and the liquid phase at the bottom of reforming unit 4 is refluxed to reactor 2; the gas phase outlet at the top of reforming unit 4 discharges the gas phase to the subsequent process section.

[0053] The reactor 2 is equipped with a flow guiding device 21, and adjacent flow guiding devices 21 are staggered.

[0054] The flow guiding device 21 includes a fixing part 213, a weight sensing device 211, and a heating plate 212; the fixing part 213 is used to fix the flow guiding device 21 to the inner wall of the reactor 2; the heating plate 212 is disposed on the upper part of the fixing part 213, and the weight sensing device 211 is disposed between the heating plate 212 and the fixing part 213;

[0055] Multiple flow guiding devices 21 are arranged from top to bottom. The initial temperature of the heating plate 212 is set to T1. When the percentage difference between the weight sensing device 211 values ​​of adjacent flow guiding devices 21 reaches a threshold, the temperature of the lower heating plate 212 automatically rises to T2, and so on until T1. n ;

[0056] The slag discharge device 3 includes a slag discharge vessel 31, a gas flow meter 34, a slag discharge valve 35, and a cooling device 33;

[0057] The cooling device 33 is used to cool the slag discharge vessel 31; a gas flow meter 34 is provided at the gas outlet at the top of the slag discharge vessel 31, and an intermittently opening slag discharge valve 35 is provided at the bottom of the slag discharge vessel 31; the cooling device 33 is turned on when the flow rate of the gas flow meter 34 is lower than the preset value, and the slag discharge valve 35 is turned on when the temperature of the slag discharge vessel 31 drops to the preset value.

[0058] In this embodiment, the slag discharge vessel 31 is equipped with a stirring device 36.

[0059] Preferably, the cooling device 33 employs a jacketed cooling system.

[0060] In this embodiment, the unloading valve 32 and the slag discharge valve 35 are interlocked and cannot be opened simultaneously.

[0061] In this embodiment, the gas outlet at the top of the slag discharge vessel is connected to the reforming device 4.

[0062] Preferably, the temperature does not increase further once n reaches 3.

[0063] In this embodiment, the temperature T1 is 300-340℃, preferably 340℃.

[0064] In this embodiment, the T2 temperature is 360–420°C, preferably 420°C.

[0065] In this embodiment, the T3 temperature is 450-500℃, preferably 500℃.

[0066] Preferably, the threshold is 1% to 5%.

[0067] In this embodiment, the reactor 2 is also provided with a slag discharge port, which is located on the bottom side wall of the reactor 2.

[0068] In this embodiment, the bottom of the reactor 2 is a convex shape with a low perimeter and a high center, which facilitates the discharge of solid slag.

[0069] In this embodiment, the gas outlet at the top of the slag discharge vessel is connected to the reforming device 4.

[0070] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this utility model, and are not intended to limit it. Although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this utility model.

Claims

1. A device for producing oil from mixed waste plastics through pyrolysis, characterized in that, It includes a preheater (1), a reactor (2), a slag discharge device (3), and a reforming device (4); the outlet of the preheater (1) is connected to the inlet of the reactor (2); The solid phase outlet of the reactor (2) is located at the bottom side wall of the reactor (2); the outlet of the reactor (2) is connected to the inlet of the slag discharge device (3) through an intermittently opened discharge valve (32); The gas phase outlet of the reactor (2) is connected to the inlet of the reforming unit (4), and the liquid phase at the bottom of the reforming unit (4) is returned to the reactor (2); the gas phase outlet at the top of the reforming unit (4) discharges the gas phase to the subsequent process section; The reactor (2) is equipped with a flow guiding device (21) inside, and adjacent flow guiding devices (21) are staggered. The flow guiding device (21) includes a fixing part (213), a weight sensing device (211), and a heating plate (212); the fixing part (213) is used to fix the flow guiding device (21) to the inner wall of the reactor (2); the heating plate (212) is disposed on the upper part of the fixing part (213), and the weight sensing device (211) is disposed between the heating plate (212) and the fixing part (213); Multiple flow guiding devices (21) are arranged from top to bottom. The initial temperature of the heating plate (212) is set to T1. When the percentage difference between the weight sensing device (211) values ​​of adjacent flow guiding devices (21) reaches a threshold, the temperature of the lower heating plate (212) automatically rises to T2, and so on until T1. n ; The slag discharge device (3) includes a slag discharge vessel (31), a gas flow meter (34), a slag discharge valve (35), and a cooling device (33); The cooling device (33) is used to cool the slag discharge vessel (31); a gas flow meter (34) is provided at the gas outlet at the top of the slag discharge vessel (31), and an intermittently opening slag discharge valve (35) is provided at the bottom of the slag discharge vessel (31); the cooling device (33) is turned on when the flow rate of the gas flow meter (34) is lower than the preset value, and the slag discharge valve (35) is turned on when the temperature of the slag discharge vessel (31) drops to the preset value.

2. The mixed waste plastic pyrolysis oil production device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The slag discharge vessel (31) is equipped with a stirring device (36).

3. The mixed waste plastic pyrolysis oil production device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cooling device (33) uses a jacket cooling system.

4. The mixed waste plastic pyrolysis oil production device according to claim 1, characterized in that, When n=1, the temperature T1 is 300-340℃.

5. The mixed waste plastic pyrolysis oil production device according to claim 1, characterized in that, When n=2, the temperature of T2 is 360-420℃.

6. The mixed waste plastic pyrolysis oil production device according to claim 1, characterized in that, When n=3, the T3 temperature is 450-500℃.

7. The mixed waste plastic pyrolysis oil production device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The unloading valve (32) and the slag discharge valve (35) are interlocked and cannot be opened at the same time.

8. The mixed waste plastic pyrolysis oil production device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gas outlet at the top of the slag discharge vessel is connected to the reforming device (4).

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