Blasting structure for improving large cross-section tunneling footage

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the field of tunneling blasting technology, especially improve the blasting structure of large section tunneling footage, including the big diameter empty hole of setting in the center part of roadway section and the 6 auxiliary empty holes of the circular array distribution setting with big diameter empty hole as the center, the diameter of big diameter empty hole is 4 5 times of auxiliary empty hole diameter, through the former cut -groove hole is omitted, change for the big diameter empty hole of being located in the center of auxiliary empty hole, make the utilization ratio of blast hole effectively improve, explosive unit consumption reduces, and the tunneling cost reduces, and the blasting frequency is reduced, can reduce the dust, vibration harm, reduce the security risk, avoid the cut -groove hole construction rock burst risk, with the big diameter deep hole cut -groove way, the cycle footage of roadway blasting excavation is larger, and the cycle footage is stable, and the tunneling construction efficiency is greatly improved, and the overall application effect is good.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of tunneling and blasting technology, and particularly relates to blasting structures for improving the advance of large-section tunneling. Background Technology

[0002] Large-section tunneling and blasting is a method of underground mining. Underground mining environments are typically complex, with heavy and large quantities of ore and rock to be mined, and tight schedules. Therefore, borehole utilization and tunneling footage are crucial parameters for evaluating blasting efficiency. Existing tunneling and blasting techniques suffer from short cycle times and unsatisfactory borehole utilization, necessitating an increase in blasting frequency. However, tunneling and blasting is a high-risk operation; increasing blasting frequency increases safety risks, labor intensity for blasting workers, and low labor efficiency. To strengthen safety management in underground tunneling and blasting operations, improve tunneling cycle times, increase borehole utilization, and thus accelerate the progress of tunneling projects, a method for increasing the tunneling footage in large-section tunneling has been invented.

[0003] In existing large-section tunneling schemes, taking a 6*4.5m tunneling cross-section as an example, nine cut holes are set in the central area of ​​the cross-section, with a diameter of 42mm and a depth of 3.3m. Auxiliary empty holes (without explosives) are arranged at intervals around the cut holes, with six auxiliary empty holes having a diameter of 72mm and a depth of 3.3m. The remaining auxiliary holes and peripheral holes (with explosives) have a diameter of 42mm and a depth of 3m. The existing scheme has the following problems: 1. Relying on cut holes to break the rock and form a free face results in a single advance of only 2.7m, increasing labor intensity; 2. Nine cut holes are required, leading to low blast hole utilization, high explosive consumption, high tunneling costs, and a high risk of blasting failure due to cut hole blockage; 3. Blasting increases dust and vibration hazards, increasing safety risks, and cut hole construction is prone to triggering rock bursts. Utility Model Content

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by this utility model is: how to solve the above-mentioned technical problems mentioned in the background art by improving the blasting structure for large-section tunneling advance.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted by this utility model is as follows: The blasting structure for increasing the advance of large-section tunneling includes a large-diameter hole set at the center of the tunnel cross-section, and six auxiliary holes arranged in a circular array around the large-diameter hole. The diameter of the large-diameter hole is 4-5 times the diameter of the auxiliary holes.

[0006] Furthermore, in the aforementioned blasting structure for increasing the excavation progress of large-section tunnels, the diameter of the large-diameter borehole is 200mm and the depth is 4.4m, and the diameter of the auxiliary borehole is 42mm and the depth is 4m.

[0007] Furthermore, the aforementioned blasting structure for increasing the excavation progress of large-section tunnels also includes charging peripheral holes evenly distributed at the edge of the tunnel cross-section, and charging auxiliary holes disposed on the tunnel cross-section. The array of charging auxiliary holes is distributed between the charging peripheral holes and the auxiliary holes.

[0008] Furthermore, in the aforementioned blasting structure for increasing the excavation advance of large-section tunnels, the tunnel cross-section includes an arc-shaped area and a rectangular area distributed from top to bottom. The rectangular area has a width of 6m and a height of 2.4m, while the arc-shaped area has a height of 2.1m. The charging auxiliary holes located in the rectangular area are distributed in a rectangular array. The lateral spacing between two adjacent charging auxiliary holes is 700-720mm, and the longitudinal spacing between two adjacent charging auxiliary holes is 1000mm. The charging auxiliary holes located on the innermost side form a 2×2m square central area. All six auxiliary holes and large-diameter holes are located in the square central area.

[0009] Furthermore, in the aforementioned blasting structure for increasing the excavation progress of large-section tunnels, the spacing between two adjacent charge perimeter holes in the rectangular area is 650-720mm.

[0010] Furthermore, in the aforementioned blasting structure for increasing the excavation progress of large-section tunnels, the auxiliary charging holes located in the arc-shaped region are arranged in an arc-shaped array with equal spacing.

[0011] Furthermore, in the aforementioned blasting structure for increasing the excavation progress of large-section tunnels, the diameter of the peripheral holes and auxiliary holes for the charge is 42mm, and the hole depth is 3m.

[0012] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: the original slotting hole is omitted and replaced with a large-diameter hole located in the center of the auxiliary hole, which effectively improves the utilization rate of the blast hole, reduces the explosive consumption by 0.3 kg / m³, reduces the tunneling cost, reduces the frequency of blasting, reduces dust and vibration hazards, and reduces safety risks; avoids the risk of rock bursts during slotting hole construction; and the large-diameter deep hole slotting method results in a larger and more stable cyclic advance of tunnel blasting excavation, which greatly improves the efficiency of tunneling construction. The overall application effect is good. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the blasting structure for large-section tunneling advance using existing technologies; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the blasting structure for large-section tunneling advance in a specific embodiment of this utility model; Label Explanation: 1. Large diameter holes; 2. Auxiliary holes; 3. Peripheral holes for the explosive charge; 4. Assistive charging port; 5. Grooving holes. Detailed Implementation

[0014] To explain in detail the technical content, objectives, and effects of this utility model, the following description is provided in conjunction with the embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0015] Please refer to Figure 1 The existing large-section tunneling scheme, taking a 6*4.5m tunneling cross-section as an example, includes 59 cut holes (cut hole 5 has a large charge and high energy loss during blasting), each with a diameter of 42mm and a depth of 3.3m; cut hole 5 has 6 auxiliary empty holes (no charge) with a diameter of 72mm and a depth of 3.3m; the remaining holes are auxiliary charging holes 4 and peripheral charging holes 3, each with a diameter of 42mm and a depth of 3m. Each blasting cycle advances approximately 2.5m, with a single energy consumption of approximately 1.8 kg / m³, and a blast hole utilization rate of approximately 82%.

[0016] The existing scheme has the following problems: 1. It relies on the cut hole 5 to break the rock and form a free face, with a single advance of only 2.7m, which increases the labor intensity; 2. Nine cut holes 5 need to be set, resulting in low blast hole utilization, high explosive consumption, high tunneling cost, and easy blasting failure due to blockage of cut holes 5; 3. Blasting increases dust and vibration hazards, increases safety risks, and the construction of cut holes 5 is prone to rock bursts.

[0017] Reference Figure 2 The specific embodiment of this utility model relates to a blasting structure for improving the advance of large-section tunneling, including a large-diameter hole 1 set at the center of the tunnel cross section, and six auxiliary holes 2 arranged in a circular array with the large-diameter hole 1 as the center. The diameter of the large-diameter hole 1 is 4-5 times the diameter of the auxiliary holes 2.

[0018] In the above implementation, the original cut hole 5 is omitted and replaced by a large-diameter hole 1 located in the center of the auxiliary hole 2, which effectively improves the utilization rate of the blast hole, reduces the explosive consumption by 0.3 kg / m³, reduces the tunneling cost, reduces the frequency of blasting, reduces dust and vibration hazards, and reduces safety risks; avoids the risk of rock bursts during the construction of cut hole 5; the tunnel blasting excavation cycle advance is larger and more stable under the large-diameter deep hole cut method, which greatly improves the tunneling construction efficiency, and the overall application effect is good.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment, the large-diameter hole 1 has a diameter of 200 mm and a depth of 4.4 m, and the auxiliary hole 2 has a diameter of 42 mm and a depth of 4 m.

[0020] As a preferred embodiment, it also includes peripheral holes 3 for charging at equal intervals at the edge of the roadway cross-section, and auxiliary holes 4 for charging on the roadway cross-section. The array of auxiliary holes 4 is distributed between the peripheral holes 3 and the auxiliary holes 2.

[0021] In a preferred embodiment, the tunnel cross-section includes an arc-shaped region and a rectangular region distributed from top to bottom, with the rectangular region having a width of 6m (refer to...). Figure 2 The distance of a), and the height is 2.4m (refer to the distance of a). Figure 2 (distance b), the height of the arc-shaped area is 2.1m (refer to...) Figure 2 The distance c), the charging auxiliary holes 4 located in the rectangular area are distributed in a rectangular array, and the lateral spacing between two adjacent charging auxiliary holes 4 is 700-720mm (refer to c distance), the charging auxiliary holes 4 ... charging auxiliary holes 4 are distributed in a rectangular array, the lateral spacing between two adjacent charging auxiliary holes 4 is 700-720mm (refer to c distance), the charging auxiliary holes 4 are distributed in a rectangular array, and the charging auxiliary holes Figure 2 The longitudinal spacing between two adjacent charging auxiliary holes 4 is 1000mm, and the innermost charging auxiliary holes 4 form a 2×2m square central area (refer to...). Figure 2 (The rectangular frame of region f), the six auxiliary holes 2 and the large-diameter hole 1 are all set in the central area of ​​the square.

[0022] In a preferred embodiment, the spacing between two adjacent perimeter holes 3 of the charge in the rectangular region is 650-720 mm, as shown in the reference. Figure 2 The distance g in the equation.

[0023] In a preferred embodiment, the charging auxiliary holes 4 located in the arc-shaped region are arranged in an arc-shaped, equally spaced array.

[0024] In a preferred embodiment, the diameter of the peripheral hole 3 and the auxiliary hole 4 is 42 mm and the depth is 3 m.

[0025] In summary, this utility model breaks through the traditional technical approach of "creating a free face by cutting holes" and constructs a new scheme of "high-efficiency blasting with a large free face" by replacing blasting with physical hollow holes, thereby achieving systematic optimization of tunneling efficiency, cost and safety.

[0026] By utilizing the physical space of large-diameter hollow holes to replace the blasting and fragmentation space of traditional cut holes, and through the action of "stress concentration in hollow holes - energy focusing in auxiliary holes - rock fragmentation and displacement", a highly efficient free surface is provided for blasting. Compared with traditional technology, this process improves the efficiency of free surface formation by 3 times, avoids the energy loss of cut hole blasting (reducing ineffective energy consumption by 40%), and fundamentally solves the efficiency bottleneck of "single free surface blasting".

[0027] The above description is merely an embodiment of this utility model and does not limit the patent scope of this utility model. Any equivalent modifications made based on the content of this utility model specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A blasting structure for improving the advance of large-section tunneling, characterized in that, It includes a large-diameter hole located at the center of the roadway cross-section, and six auxiliary holes arranged in a circular array around the large-diameter hole. The diameter of the large-diameter hole is 4-5 times the diameter of the auxiliary holes.

2. The blasting structure for improving the advance of large-section tunneling as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The large-diameter hole has a diameter of 200 mm and a depth of 4.4 m, while the auxiliary hole has a diameter of 42 mm and a depth of 4 m.

3. The blasting structure for improving the advance of large-section tunneling as described in claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes peripheral holes for charging that are evenly spaced at the edge of the roadway cross-section, and auxiliary holes for charging that are set on the roadway cross-section. The array of auxiliary holes for charging is distributed between the peripheral holes for charging and the auxiliary holes.

4. The blasting structure for increasing the advance of large-section tunneling as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The tunnel cross-section includes an arc-shaped area and a rectangular area distributed from top to bottom. The rectangular area is 6m wide and 2.4m high, while the arc-shaped area is 2.1m high. The charging auxiliary holes in the rectangular area are distributed in a rectangular array. The lateral spacing between two adjacent charging auxiliary holes is 700-720mm, and the longitudinal spacing between two adjacent charging auxiliary holes is 1000mm. The charging auxiliary holes located on the innermost side form a 2×2m square central area. All six auxiliary holes and large-diameter holes are located in the square central area.

5. The blasting structure for improving the advance of large-section tunneling as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The spacing between two adjacent perimeter holes of the charge in the rectangular area is 650-720mm.

6. The blasting structure for improving the advance of large-section tunneling according to claim 4, characterized in that, The charging auxiliary holes located in the arc-shaped area are arranged in an arc-shaped array with equal spacing.

7. The blasting structure for improving the advance of large-section tunneling as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The diameter of both the peripheral hole and the auxiliary hole for the charge is 42 mm, and the depth of both holes is 3 m.

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