A multi-source environment power taking device and sensing self-powered system for railway additional line

Abstract

The utility model provides a kind of for the multi-source environment power taking device of railway additional line and sensing self-powered system.The multi-source environment power taking device includes flexible band material magnetic core magnetic field power taking module and auxiliary power supply module, and the output end of flexible band material magnetic core magnetic field power taking module is connected with anti-surge module in parallel, and the output end of anti-surge module is connected with magnetic core saturation suppression and filter reactive compensation module in parallel;The output end of magnetic core saturation suppression and filter reactive compensation module is connected with multi-modal rectifier module in parallel, and the output end of multi-modal rectifier module and the output end of auxiliary power supply module are connected with power conversion device.The utility model is by adopting laminated magnetic core and adding insulation film between magnetic core layer and layer to suppress eddy current loss, realize the promotion of magnetic field induction power taking device power taking power;On the basis of magnetic field induction power taking, simultaneously capture the rest field source energy in environment to realize auxiliary power supply, multi-source complement, solve the problem of insufficient energy of magnetic field induction power taking mode under railway additional line current intermittence.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of multi-source environmental energy harvesting technology, and in particular to a multi-source environmental power harvesting device and a sensor self-powering system for railway auxiliary lines. Background Technology

[0002] Railway auxiliary lines are a crucial component of electrified railway traction power supply systems, bearing the heavy responsibility of power transmission. However, these lines extend extensively into remote and rural areas, characterized by varied terrain, complex geological conditions, and significant climate differences. This exacerbates mechanical fatigue and damage on these auxiliary lines, posing a serious threat to the reliability of the railway traction power supply system and the safety of train operation. During the digitalization of railway traction power supply systems, comprehensive health monitoring of auxiliary lines necessitates the installation of online monitoring equipment such as temperature and acceleration sensors. Currently, sensors are generally powered by traditional batteries. However, battery capacity is limited; when the battery is depleted, the sensor's lifespan ends. Furthermore, in low-temperature conditions such as snow and ice, battery discharge efficiency is low, making it difficult to meet the sensor's power requirements. In remote areas and regions with extremely harsh climates, battery maintenance and replacement are extremely difficult. Therefore, traditional battery power supply methods are insufficient to meet the long-term stable power supply needs of sensors. Consequently, there is an urgent need to research a novel self-powered sensor method to solve the power supply problem for online monitoring equipment such as sensors.

[0003] Magnetic field induction power harvesting technology utilizes the principle of current transformers to directly extract electrical energy from railway auxiliary lines, largely unaffected by weather and environmental conditions, and can provide power for online monitoring equipment. However, railway auxiliary lines have a wide variety of component specifications and limited load-bearing capacity, making it difficult to achieve universal deployment of traditional current transformer-type magnetic field energy harvesters. Furthermore, the current in railway auxiliary lines varies with train operating conditions, exhibiting intermittent, impulsive, and wide-range characteristics. These characteristics significantly threaten the power harvesting efficiency and reliability of magnetic field induction power harvesting technology. Specifically, intermittency makes it difficult for the power harvesting device to maintain a stable energy input; impulsiveness leads to instantaneous overload or core saturation, resulting in abnormal fluctuations in output power; and the wide range of variations affects the source-load matching adaptability of the power harvesting device. Frequent changes in operating conditions severely threaten the reliability of the power harvesting device, posing a serious challenge to the power harvesting links of multi-source environmental power harvesting devices and sensor self-powered systems used in railway auxiliary lines.

[0004] Therefore, considering the intermittent, impulsive, and wide-ranging characteristics of railway auxiliary line current, it is necessary to further enhance energy management and battery energy storage based on energy harvesting to improve the stability and reliability of the sensor's self-powered mode. Furthermore, in actual low-temperature environments, the reaction kinetics of the battery's internal active materials slow down, polarization resistance increases, leading to accelerated capacity decay and a decrease in charge-discharge efficiency. Therefore, improving the battery's charge-discharge efficiency in low-temperature environments to enhance system reliability is crucial. Utility Model Content

[0005] Given the intermittent, impulsive, and wide-range characteristics of the current in railway auxiliary lines, the stability and reliability of magnetic field-based power extraction technology are significantly reduced. At the same time, batteries suffer from low charging and discharging efficiency when operating in low-temperature environments. This invention proposes a multi-source environmental power extraction device, a sensor self-powered system, and a self-powered method for railway auxiliary lines, aiming to effectively solve the above problems.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] The first aspect of this utility model is to provide a multi-source environmental power collection device for railway auxiliary lines, the multi-source environmental power collection device being installed on the railway auxiliary lines, comprising a flexible strip magnetic core magnetic field power collection module and an auxiliary power supply module, wherein:

[0008] The output terminal of the flexible strip magnetic core magnetic field power extraction module is connected in parallel with a surge protection module, and the output terminal of the surge protection module is connected in parallel with a magnetic core saturation suppression and filtering reactive power compensation module.

[0009] The output of the magnetic core saturation suppression and filtering reactive power compensation module is connected in parallel to a multi-mode rectifier module, and the output of the multi-mode rectifier module and the output of the auxiliary power supply module are connected to the power conversion device.

[0010] Preferably, the flexible strip magnetic core magnetic field power extraction module is composed of coils and stacked magnetic cores, wherein:

[0011] The coil is made by tightly winding multiple turns of enameled wire onto a coil frame;

[0012] The stacked magnetic core is composed of multiple layers of soft and thin deformable permalloy magnetic cores, with each core layer having the same size, and an insulating film placed between the core layers.

[0013] Preferably, the magnetic core saturation suppression and filtering reactive power compensation module includes a magnetic core saturation suppression section, wherein:

[0014] The magnetic core saturation suppression section consists of a multi-stage capacitor module composed of capacitors and switching transistors. The number of capacitors connected in parallel is changed by controlling the switching transistors to turn on and off.

[0015] More preferably, the core saturation suppression and filter reactive power compensation module further includes a filter reactive power compensation section, wherein:

[0016] The core saturation suppression and filtering reactive power compensation module includes a filtering capacitor and a compensation capacitor, which filter out high-order harmonics and resonate with the coil self-inductance and leakage inductance.

[0017] The second aspect of this utility model is to provide a sensor self-powered system based on the multi-source environmental power collection device described in any one of the above claims, comprising:

[0018] The multi-source environmental power harvesting device is installed on the railway auxiliary line to couple with the magnetic field generated by the railway auxiliary line current, thereby capturing magnetic field energy. At the same time, it captures energy from other field sources in the environment to provide auxiliary power supply. The multi-source complementarity provides a stable DC voltage for the downstream stage.

[0019] A power conversion device, connected to the multi-source environmental power collection device and the control and sensing device, is used to store and distribute the energy captured by the multi-source environmental power collection device.

[0020] Preferably, the multi-mode rectifier module consists of a full-bridge rectifier and a DC filter capacitor, wherein:

[0021] The full-bridge rectifier has one arm consisting of two diodes and the other arm consisting of a diode and a switching transistor, providing both rectification and core saturation suppression functions.

[0022] More preferably, the power conversion device includes an energy management module, a hybrid energy storage module, a DC multi-voltage module, and a battery low-temperature activation module, wherein:

[0023] The input terminal of the energy management module is connected to the output terminals of the multi-mode rectifier module and the auxiliary power supply module in the multi-source environmental power collection device;

[0024] One output of the energy management module is connected in parallel to the hybrid energy storage module, and the other output of the energy management module is connected in parallel to the DC multi-voltage module; and

[0025] The battery low-temperature activation module is connected in parallel to the output terminal of the DC multi-voltage module.

[0026] More preferably, the battery low-temperature activation module includes a temperature threshold simulation switch made of a thermistor. By controlling the on / off state of the temperature threshold simulation switch, the working state of the heating film can be controlled, thereby increasing the battery temperature in low-temperature environments.

[0027] More preferably, it also includes:

[0028] A control and sensing device, connected to the multi-source environmental power supply device and the power conversion device, is used for the acquisition and transmission of the railway auxiliary line status information and the flow of control signals.

[0029] More preferably, the control and sensing device includes a control module, a sensor module, and a communication module, wherein:

[0030] The input terminals of the control module, sensor module, and communication module are connected to the output terminal of the DC multi-voltage module in the power conversion device.

[0031] One signal line output terminal of the control module is connected to the core saturation suppression and filtering reactive power compensation module, the multi-mode rectification module, and the energy management module in the power conversion device of the multi-source environmental power supply device.

[0032] The other signal line output terminal of the control module is connected to the sensor module and the communication module.

[0033] The present invention adopts the above technical solution and has the following technical effects compared with the prior art:

[0034] This invention relates to a multi-source environmental power harvesting device and a sensing self-powered system for railway auxiliary lines. By employing a stacked magnetic core and adding an insulating film between the core layers to suppress eddy current losses, the power harvesting power of the magnetic field induction power harvesting device is increased. Based on magnetic field induction power harvesting, it simultaneously captures energy from other environmental sources to provide auxiliary power supply, achieving multi-source complementarity and solving the problem of insufficient energy harvesting by magnetic field induction power harvesting under intermittent current conditions on railway auxiliary lines. Considering the wide range of current variations on railway auxiliary lines, a segmented control strategy for magnetic core saturation suppression and a multi-mode rectifier circuit structure suitable for a wide current range are proposed to further increase the power harvesting power of the magnetic field induction power harvesting device. Simultaneously, a low-temperature activation circuit for the battery is designed, using an active temperature control strategy to increase the battery's operating temperature and effectively improve the problem of electrochemical performance degradation under low-temperature conditions. Attached Figure Description

[0035] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the frame structure of the multi-source environmental power collection device and sensor self-powered system for railway auxiliary lines of this utility model.

[0036] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the flexible strip magnetic core magnetic field power extraction module in the self-powered system of this utility model, wherein... Figure 2 a, 2b, and 2c are its main view, perspective view, and enlarged partial structural diagram, respectively;

[0037] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the coil winding of the flexible strip magnetic core magnetic field power extraction module in the self-powered system of this utility model embodiment, wherein... Figure 3a and 3b are its front view perspective and sectional structural diagram, respectively;

[0038] Figure 4 This is a topology diagram of the modules in the magnetic field power extraction link of the self-powered system according to an embodiment of this utility model;

[0039] Figure 5 This is an equivalent circuit diagram of the power extraction module of the flexible strip magnetic core in the self-powered system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0040] Figure 6 This is a circuit diagram of the core saturation suppression and reactive power compensation module in the self-powered system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 7 This is a diagram illustrating the suppression effect of the magnetic core saturation suppression and reactive power compensation module in the self-powered system according to an embodiment of this utility model.

[0042] Figure 8 This is a circuit structure diagram of the multi-mode rectifier module in the self-powered system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 9 This is a waveform diagram of the Schmitt trigger in the multimode rectifier module of the self-powered system according to an embodiment of this utility model.

[0044] Figure 10 This is a circuit diagram of the battery low-temperature activation module in the self-powered system according to an embodiment of this utility model;

[0045] Figure 11 This is a flowchart illustrating the self-powered system of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0046] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this utility model clearer, the present utility model will be described and explained below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present utility model and are not intended to limit the present utility model. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments provided by this utility model without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of this utility model.

[0047] Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are merely some examples or embodiments of this utility model. Those skilled in the art can apply this utility model to other similar scenarios without any creative effort. Furthermore, it is understood that although the efforts made in this development process may be complex and lengthy, for those skilled in the art related to the content disclosed in this utility model, any changes to the design, manufacturing, or production methods based on the disclosed technical content are merely conventional technical means and should not be construed as insufficient disclosure of this utility model.

[0048] In this utility model, the reference to "embodiment" means that a specific feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this utility model. The appearance of this phrase in various places in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described in this utility model may be combined with other embodiments without conflict.

[0049] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this utility model shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this utility model pertains. The terms "a," "an," "a kind," "the," and similar words used in this utility model do not indicate quantity limitation and may indicate singular or plural. The terms "comprising," "including," "having," and any variations thereof used in this utility model are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or device that includes a series of steps or modules (units) is not limited to the listed steps or units, but may also include steps or units not listed, or may include other steps or units inherent to these processes, methods, products, or devices. The terms "connected," "linked," "coupled," and similar words used in this utility model are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. "A plurality" used in this utility model refers to two or more. The "and / or" operator describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, "A and / or B" can represent three cases: A alone, A and B simultaneously, and B alone. The character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship. The terms "first," "second," and "third" used in this utility model are merely to distinguish similar objects and do not represent a specific ordering of the objects.

[0050] This utility model provides a multi-source environmental power supply device and a sensor self-power supply system for railway auxiliary lines, which can be used in power supply scenarios for online monitoring equipment such as various sensors on railway auxiliary lines.

[0051] like Figure 1 As shown, to distinguish between energy transmission lines and signal lines, energy transmission lines are represented by solid black lines, and signal lines are represented by dashed black lines. The multi-source environmental power supply device and sensing self-powered system for railway auxiliary lines disclosed in this embodiment of the invention include: a multi-source environmental power supply device, a power conversion device, and a control and sensing device. In terms of energy transmission, the multi-source environmental power supply device, the power conversion device, and the control and sensing device are connected sequentially. In terms of control signal transmission, the output terminal of the control and sensing device is connected to certain modules of the multi-source environmental power supply device and the power conversion device.

[0052] The multi-source environmental power harvesting device includes a flexible strip magnetic core magnetic field power harvesting module and an auxiliary power supply module. A surge protection module is connected in parallel to the output of the flexible strip magnetic core magnetic field power harvesting module. A core saturation suppression and filtering reactive power compensation module is connected in parallel to the output of the surge protection module. A multi-mode rectifier module is connected in parallel to the output of the core saturation suppression and filtering reactive power compensation module. The outputs of the multi-mode rectifier module and the auxiliary power supply module are connected to the input of the energy management module in the power conversion device. The auxiliary power supply module can be a small-volume photovoltaic panel, and its output is connected to the input of the energy management module in the power conversion device.

[0053] The multi-source environmental power harvesting device is installed on the railway auxiliary line. It captures magnetic field energy by coupling the magnetic field of the flexible strip magnetic core power harvesting module with the magnetic field generated by the current of the railway auxiliary line. The device provides a stable DC voltage to the subsequent power conversion device through the multi-mode rectifier module. At the same time, it captures energy from other field sources in the environment through the auxiliary power supply module, realizing multi-source complementarity and improving system reliability.

[0054] Flexible strip magnetic core magnetic field power extraction module, such as Figure 2 As shown in 2a, 2b, and 2c, it consists of a coil and a multilayered magnetic core. The coil structure is as follows: Figure 3 As shown in a and 3b, the coil core is made by tightly winding multiple turns of enameled wire onto the coil frame. The stacked magnetic core is composed of multiple layers of soft, thin, and deformable permalloy magnetic cores, which can achieve universal installation of different additional wires. Each layer of magnetic core has the same size. An insulating film is placed between the magnetic core layers to significantly shorten the eddy current loop of the magnetic core and greatly suppress eddy current loss, thereby improving the power extraction power of the flexible strip magnetic core magnetic field power extraction module.

[0055] The topological connection relationships of each module in the magnetic field power extraction process are as follows: Figure 4As shown, the magnetic field power extraction stage consists of four modules. The output of the magnetic field power extraction module is connected to a surge protection module to prevent overvoltage caused by primary-side surge current from damaging subsequent modules. The output of the surge protection module is connected to a core saturation suppression and filtering reactive power compensation module. The core saturation suppression module consists of a multi-branch capacitor-switch array, which achieves core saturation suppression over a wide current range by segmenting capacitor switching when the core is saturated. The output of the core saturation suppression and filtering reactive power compensation module is connected to a multi-mode rectifier module. The multi-mode rectifier module is used for power conversion and reduces the voltage of the magnetic field power extraction module through full-half-bridge switching when the core is deeply saturated, thereby reducing the degree of core saturation. Finally, the output of the multi-mode rectifier module is connected to an energy management module for subsequent power management and distribution.

[0056] Equivalent circuit of flexible strip magnetic core magnetic field power extraction module as follows Figure 5 As shown, U s R is the induced voltage of the coil. s L is the internal resistance of the coil. s For the coil's self-inductance, R c Given the equivalent internal resistance of the magnetic core eddy current loss, it can be seen that the equivalent impedance of the flexible strip magnetic core magnetic field power extraction module is inductive. In order to improve the system power factor, reactive power compensation is required.

[0057] The core parameters and coil parameters in the flexible strip magnetic core magnetic field power extraction module are determined by the following formula:

[0058]

[0059] in, The effective permeability of a single-layer magnetic core, ρ is the relative permeability of the core material, and q is the air gap length at the junction of the layers in the stacked core. Let be the core radius, h be the thickness of a single core layer, and w be the core width. The effective permeability of a multilayer magnetic core is given by n, where n is the number of core layers. This represents the magnetic flux generated by the primary current within the stacked magnetic core. The permeability of free space, This represents the current flowing through the railway auxiliary line, i.e., the primary current, where N is the number of turns in the coil. Let f be the induced voltage of the coil, f be the frequency of the primary current, and B be the frequency of the primary current. sat The saturation magnetic flux density of the core material. The length of the coil. The diameter of the enameled wire. For coil height, Reserve the core gap height for the coil frame. The thickness of the insulating varnish on the enameled wire. The internal resistance of the coil, The resistivity of the enameled wire. This represents the coil width.

[0060] In this embodiment, the given core parameter constraints are as follows: =100000, h=0.2mm, w=30mm, =2000, based on the above formula, determine the minimum number of core layers n. min =3. In practice, the number of magnetic cores can be increased based on the minimum number of layers to meet higher power requirements.

[0061] In railway systems, surge currents (peak currents or overload currents much larger than steady-state currents) are easily generated during circuit breaker operation, train load input or switching, internal system faults, and lightning discharges. At this time, the flexible strip magnetic core magnetic field power extraction module will induce a large surge current (peak voltage). By connecting a surge protection module in parallel at the output end of the flexible strip magnetic core magnetic field power extraction module, the surge protection module conducts and diverts the current in a very short time, thereby preventing the surge current from damaging other parts of the system.

[0062] like Figure 6 As shown, the core saturation suppression and reactive power compensation module in the multi-source environmental power supply device consists of a filter capacitor C. p Series compensation capacitor C s0 Magnetic core saturation suppression capacitor module (magnetic core saturation suppression capacitor C) s1~sn Magnetic core saturation suppression switch S 1~n The design consists of a core saturation suppression capacitor module, which can be increased to the nth order in different applications. This embodiment uses the first order as an example. The filter capacitor C... p Connected in parallel to the output of the flexible strip magnetic core magnetic field power extraction module to filter out high-order harmonics, and connected in series with compensation capacitor C. s0 The aim is to provide reactive power compensation for the flexible strip magnetic core magnetic field power extraction module, thereby improving the system power factor; when the output voltage U of the magnetic core saturation suppression and filtering reactive power compensation module... in When the voltage is too high, the magnetic core saturates. At this time, the core saturation suppression switch S1 is turned on to suppress it, and the core saturation suppression capacitor C... s1 By increasing the reactive impedance of the circuit to perform voltage division, the output voltage U of the magnetic core saturation suppression and filter reactive power compensation module is reduced. in This weakens the accumulation of magnetic flux inside the core during the power extraction cycle, thus achieving core saturation suppression.

[0063] like Figure 7 As shown, in this embodiment, the coil turns N is selected as 3000 turns, the magnetic core saturation suppression capacitor module is of order 1, and the series compensation capacitor C is selected as... s0 The first-order magnetic core saturation suppression capacitor C is 0.66 μF. s1The voltage U at the output terminal of the magnetic core saturation suppression and filtering reactive power compensation module is 0.66 μF in region 1. in The voltage is lower than the critical saturation voltage, the magnetic core is not saturated, and the switch S1 is turned off; in region 2, the output voltage U of the magnetic core saturation suppression and filter reactive power compensation module is... in Above the critical saturation voltage U of the magnetic core C Only C s0 Under the influence of voltage U, the magnetic core reaches saturation, and the output power increases with voltage U. in The voltage increases and decreases, at which point the core saturation suppression switch S1 is turned on, and the first-order core saturation suppression capacitor C... s1 In parallel loop, compared to only C s0 Under this effect, the output power is significantly increased, indicating that the capacitor-level dynamic switching method can effectively improve the system's energy harvesting power. The critical saturation voltage U of the magnetic core... C Determined by the following formula:

[0064]

[0065] Figure 8 This is the circuit schematic of a multi-mode rectifier module, consisting of a rectifier bridge (diodes D1, D2, D3, and switching transistor S). D The circuit consists of a filter capacitor and a detection circuit. The voltage detection circuit acquires the output voltage U of the multi-mode rectifier module in real time. out , when U out When the set threshold is not exceeded, the detection circuit controls the switch S2 to turn it off. At this time, the rectifier bridge operates in full-bridge rectification mode to ensure energy transmission efficiency. When U out When the set threshold is exceeded, the detection circuit controls the switch S2 to conduct. At this time, the rectifier bridge operates in half-bridge rectification mode, thereby reducing the output voltage U of the multi-mode rectifier module. out This enables the core saturation suppression function, thus the multi-mode rectifier module has the dual functions of rectification and core saturation suppression.

[0066] like Figure 9 As shown, in the multi-mode rectifier module, to avoid U out During the rise and fall, the switching transistor S2 is in U out The switch state changes repeatedly at a certain value. The analog comparison section uses a Schmitt trigger, and its operating waveform is shown below. Figure 8 As shown, when U out Rise to U H When the comparator outputs a high level, it turns on the switching transistor. When U out Descending to U L When the comparator outputs a low level, the switching transistor is turned off, and the hysteresis width U HYST It can be determined by the following formula:

[0067]

[0068] Among them, U H U is the upper threshold voltage. L U is the lower threshold voltage. OH It is the positive saturation output voltage of the op-amp, close to the positive supply voltage of the op-amp, U. OL It is a negative saturation output voltage, close to the negative supply voltage of the op-amp, U ref1 R1 and R2 are voltage divider resistors, serving as the reference voltage.

[0069] The core saturation suppression and filtering reactive power compensation module works in a hierarchical and coordinated manner with the multi-mode rectification module. When the core is in the non-saturated operating range, the switching transistor S1 and the switching transistor S2... D All are off. The core saturation suppression and filter reactive power compensation modules do not enable the core saturation suppression function, and the multi-mode rectifier module operates in full-bridge rectification mode. When the core begins to enter the initial stage of saturation, switch S1 is turned on, and switch S... D When the core saturation suppression and filtering reactive power compensation module is turned off, the core saturation suppression function is enabled, and the multi-mode rectifier module operates in full-bridge rectification mode. When the core saturation suppression and filtering reactive power compensation module reaches the limit threshold for core saturation suppression, the core is deeply saturated, switch S1 is turned on, and switch S... D When the circuit is turned on, the core saturation suppression and filtering reactive power compensation module enables the core saturation suppression function, and the multi-mode rectifier module operates in half-bridge rectification mode, enabling its core saturation suppression function. The hierarchical coordination function between the core saturation suppression and filtering reactive power compensation module and the multi-mode rectifier module realizes the segmented control strategy for core saturation suppression. This strategy effectively improves the system's core saturation suppression effect while ensuring the system's energy transmission efficiency.

[0070] The power conversion device includes an energy management module, a hybrid energy storage module, a DC multi-voltage module, and a battery low-temperature activation module. The input terminal of the energy management module is connected to the output terminals of the multi-mode rectifier module and the auxiliary power supply module. One output terminal of the energy management module is connected in parallel with the hybrid energy storage module, and the other output terminal of the energy management module is connected in parallel with the DC multi-voltage module. The output terminal of the DC multi-voltage module is connected in parallel with the battery low-temperature activation module. The energy management module is capable of handling multiple input sources and generating multiple outputs. It manages the multi-voltage levels of electrical energy input from the multi-mode rectifier module and the auxiliary power supply mode output terminal, and outputs two voltage levels: the input voltage of the hybrid energy storage module and the input voltage of the DC voltage module. The hybrid energy storage module consists of a supercapacitor and a lithium battery. Through a buffer management strategy between the hybrid energy storage module and the energy management module, it stores and distributes the acquired energy, achieving long-term stable power supply to the load under intermittent and wide-range variations in railway auxiliary line current. The DC multi-voltage level module converts the single-voltage level electrical energy input from the energy management circuit into multi-voltage level electrical energy, achieving standard voltage outputs such as 1.8V / 3.3V / 5V, powering the battery low-temperature activation module and loads of corresponding voltage levels. The battery low-temperature activation module is placed on the battery surface and uses a thermistor to form a temperature simulation switch. By controlling the on / off state of the temperature simulation switch, the working state of the heating film is controlled, increasing the battery temperature in low-temperature environments and effectively ensuring stable and efficient battery operation in low-temperature environments.

[0071] like Figure 10 The diagram shown is a schematic of a battery low-temperature activation module. Its main components are a negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistor, a comparator, and a switching transistor S. T The heating film is attached to the battery surface. When the battery surface temperature decreases, the resistance of the NTC thermistor increases. When the resistance of the NTC thermistor rises to a corresponding threshold, the comparator outputs a high-level voltage to control the switching transistor S. T When the circuit is turned on, the heating film begins to heat the battery, causing the battery surface temperature to rise. Consequently, the resistance of the NTC thermistor decreases. When the resistance of the NTC thermistor drops to a certain threshold, the comparator outputs a low-level voltage to control the switching transistor S. T Turn it off, and the heating film will no longer heat the battery, thus preventing the heating film from continuously heating and damaging the battery.

[0072] The control and sensing device includes a control module, a sensor module, and a communication module. The input terminals of the control module, sensor module, and communication module are connected to the output terminals of the DC multi-voltage module. One signal line output terminal of the control module is connected to a core saturation suppression and filtering reactive power compensation module, a multi-mode rectifier module, and an energy management module. The other signal line output terminal of the control module is connected to the sensor module and the communication module. The control module is responsible for regulating the signal flow. Through precise management and guidance of the signals, it achieves dynamic adjustment of the system state, ensuring that the system can operate stably and efficiently in the expected state according to changes in the internal and external environment, guaranteeing the normal operation of the system functions. The sensor module collects the status information of the railway siding and transforms the collected status information into electrical signals or other required forms of information output according to a certain rule. The communication module has a remote communication function. When the sensor module obtains the status information of the railway siding, the control module controls the communication module to transmit the railway siding status information to the monitoring center, thereby achieving the purpose of real-time monitoring of the railway siding status information.

[0073] In summary, the present invention provides a multi-source environmental power extraction device and a sensor-based self-powered system for railway auxiliary lines. This system achieves multi-source environmental power extraction by adding an auxiliary power supply module to the existing magnetic field induction power extraction. It utilizes a hybrid energy storage module and an energy management module in a coordinated manner to store and distribute the acquired energy, enabling long-term stable power supply to the load even under intermittent and wide-range variations in the railway auxiliary line current. Furthermore, it employs a magnetic core anti-saturation segmented control strategy and a multi-mode rectifier circuit structure to ensure high energy transmission efficiency while adapting to the wide-range variation characteristics of the railway auxiliary line current. Finally, addressing the issue of low battery charging and discharging efficiency in low-temperature environments, a functional circuit based on low-temperature battery activation is designed to ensure efficient battery operation in such conditions.

[0074] Furthermore, based on the aforementioned railway auxiliary line sensor self-powered system, such as Figure 11 This embodiment also provides a self-powered power supply method for railway auxiliary line sensors, as shown in the flowchart of the power supply method.

[0075] S1, the flexible strip magnetic core magnetic field power extraction module in the multi-source environmental power extraction device couples with the magnetic field generated by the railway auxiliary line current, captures the magnetic field energy, and outputs AC power to the magnetic core saturation suppression and filtering compensation module.

[0076] S2, the core saturation suppression and filtering compensation module filters the AC power output from the flexible core magnetic field power extraction module and outputs the AC power to the multi-mode rectifier module;

[0077] S3, the multi-mode rectification rectifies the AC power output from the core saturation suppression and filtering compensation module and outputs DC power to the energy management module in the power conversion device;

[0078] S4, the energy management module manages the DC power output from the multi-mode rectifier, rationally allocating the energy flow path to distribute the DC voltage to the control and sensing devices for load power supply.

[0079] To achieve multi-source complementarity and improve system reliability, in step S1, the railway auxiliary line sensing self-powered method further includes capturing the energy of other field sources in the environment through the auxiliary power supply module in the multi-source environmental power harvesting device, so as to cooperate with the flexible strip magnetic core magnetic field power harvesting module to achieve multi-source complementarity.

[0080] like Figure 11 As shown, in step S4, the reasonable allocation of energy flow paths mainly includes three cases, as detailed below:

[0081] If the output power of the multi-source environmental power collection device is greater than the load power, under the premise of ensuring stable operation of the load, the energy collected by the multi-source environmental power collection device will flow to the energy storage module. The multi-source environmental power collection device will charge the energy storage module while supplying power to the load.

[0082] If the output power of the multi-source environmental power collection device is equal to the load power, then the energy collected by the multi-source environmental power collection device will only flow to the load.

[0083] If the output power of the multi-source environmental power extraction device is less than the load power, it is difficult to maintain the stable operation of the load by relying solely on the energy extracted by the multi-source environmental power extraction device. The energy extracted by the multi-source environmental power extraction device and the energy stored in the energy storage module flow to the load simultaneously.

[0084] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0085] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementations of this utility model, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the utility model patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this utility model, and these all fall within the protection scope of this utility model. Therefore, the protection scope of this utility model patent should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A multi-source environmental power supply device for railway auxiliary lines, characterized in that, The multi-source environmental power collection device is installed on a railway auxiliary line and includes a flexible strip magnetic core magnetic field power collection module and an auxiliary power supply module, wherein: The output terminal of the flexible strip magnetic core magnetic field power extraction module is connected in parallel with a surge protection module, and the output terminal of the surge protection module is connected in parallel with a magnetic core saturation suppression and filtering reactive power compensation module. The output of the magnetic core saturation suppression and filtering reactive power compensation module is connected in parallel with a multi-mode rectifier module, and the output of the multi-mode rectifier module and the output of the auxiliary power supply module are connected to a power conversion device. The flexible strip magnetic core magnetic field power extraction module is composed of coils and stacked magnetic cores, wherein: The coil is made by tightly winding multiple turns of enameled wire onto a coil frame; The stacked magnetic core is composed of multiple layers of soft and thin deformable permalloy magnetic cores, and each core layer has the same size. An insulating film is placed between the core layers. The magnetic core saturation suppression and filtering reactive power compensation module includes a magnetic core saturation suppression component, wherein: The magnetic core saturation suppression section consists of a multi-stage capacitor module composed of capacitors and switching transistors. The number of capacitors connected in parallel is changed by controlling the switching transistors to turn on and off.

2. The multi-source environmental power supply device for railway auxiliary lines according to claim 1, characterized in that, The magnetic core saturation suppression and filtering reactive power compensation module also includes a filtering reactive power compensation section, wherein: The core saturation suppression and filtering reactive power compensation module includes a filtering capacitor and a compensation capacitor, which filter out high-order harmonics and resonate with the coil self-inductance and leakage inductance.

3. A sensor-based self-powered system based on the multi-source environmental power harvesting device according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that, include: The multi-source environmental power harvesting device is installed on the railway auxiliary line to couple with the magnetic field generated by the railway auxiliary line current, thereby capturing magnetic field energy. At the same time, it captures energy from other field sources in the environment to provide auxiliary power supply. The multi-source complementarity provides a stable DC voltage for the downstream stage. A power conversion device, connected to the multi-source environmental power collection device and the control and sensing device, is used to store and distribute the energy captured by the multi-source environmental power collection device.

4. The self-powered sensing system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The multi-mode rectifier module consists of a full-bridge rectifier and a DC filter capacitor, wherein: The full-bridge rectifier has one arm consisting of two diodes and the other arm consisting of a diode and a switching transistor, providing both rectification and core saturation suppression functions.

5. The self-powered sensing system according to claim 3, characterized in that, The power conversion device includes an energy management module, a hybrid energy storage module, a DC multi-voltage module, and a battery low-temperature activation module, wherein: The input terminal of the energy management module is connected to the output terminals of the multi-mode rectifier module and the auxiliary power supply module in the multi-source environmental power collection device; One output of the energy management module is connected in parallel to the hybrid energy storage module, and the other output of the energy management module is connected in parallel to the DC multi-voltage module; and The battery low-temperature activation module is connected in parallel to the output terminal of the DC multi-voltage module.

6. The self-powered sensing system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The battery low-temperature activation module includes a temperature threshold simulation switch made of a thermistor. By controlling the on / off state of the temperature threshold simulation switch, the working state of the heating film can be controlled, thereby increasing the battery temperature in low-temperature environments.

7. The self-powered sensing system according to claim 3, characterized in that, Also includes: A control and sensing device, connected to the multi-source environmental power supply device and the power conversion device, is used for the acquisition and transmission of status information of the railway auxiliary line and the flow of control signals.

8. The self-powered sensing system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The control and sensing device includes a control module, a sensor module, and a communication module, wherein: The input terminals of the control module, sensor module, and communication module are connected to the output terminal of the DC multi-voltage module in the power conversion device. One signal line output terminal of the control module is connected to the core saturation suppression and filtering reactive power compensation module, the multi-mode rectification module, and the energy management module in the power conversion device of the multi-source environmental power supply device. The other signal line output terminal of the control module is connected to the sensor module and the communication module.

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