A pry-out shelter

Abstract

This utility model discloses a skid-mounted refuge, comprising interconnected functional rooms, a normal gas supply system, and an emergency gas supply system. The interconnected functional rooms include a refuge room, an isolation anteroom, an equipment room, and a gas cylinder room. The normal gas supply system includes a fresh air riser and a fresh air unit, while the emergency gas supply system includes an air compressor, compressed gas cylinders, and a pressure reducing valve assembly. The gas cylinder room is independent of the refuge room, isolation anteroom, and equipment room. The isolation anteroom and equipment room are each isolated from or connected to the refuge room via internal doors. One end of the refuge room is connected to the normal gas supply system via a normal air outlet, and the other end is connected to the emergency gas supply system via an emergency air outlet. The normal gas supply system and the emergency gas supply system independently supply gas to the refuge room. This utility model simultaneously possesses anti-toxic and explosion-proof functions, capable of continuously maintaining positive pressure within the refuge under normal and emergency conditions, ensuring the personal safety of personnel inside.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of personal safety protection in petrochemical production areas, specifically, it relates to a skid-mounted refuge. Background Technology

[0002] Petrochemical production areas are an important part of petrochemical plant areas, containing numerous process units or facilities that use and generate flammable and toxic substances and may emit flammable and toxic gases. When a sudden process failure event occurs in the production area, leading to a fire, vapor cloud explosion (VCE), or toxic gas diffusion, and external accidents prevent timely evacuation of personnel, they can temporarily evacuate to the nearest refuge shelter to await rescue. Because the refuge shelters are blast-resistant structures that can withstand external blast shock waves, and maintain positive pressure inside to prevent the intrusion of toxic and flammable gases from outside, the safety of temporarily evacuated personnel can be ensured.

[0003] Chinese patent CN220954906U discloses a container-type explosion-proof shelter, which solves the problem of resisting external explosions. However, because it cannot maintain positive pressure indoors when an alarm for toxic or flammable gases is triggered outdoors, it cannot prevent toxic or flammable gases from entering the shelter. Chinese patent CN200620000571 discloses a mobile gas-proof shelter. Although it is equipped with a positive pressure emergency gas supply system, it lacks an isolation anteroom. When people evacuate from outdoors into the shelter, it cannot prevent toxic or flammable gases from entering. Furthermore, this shelter cannot withstand external explosions, and it lacks an independent fresh air system, relying solely on high-pressure gas cylinders to maintain positive pressure and the minimum fresh air volume required for breathing. Chinese patent CN202220070035 discloses a shelter with an air purification system. This shelter also lacks an independent fresh air system, relying solely on high-pressure gas cylinders to maintain positive pressure and the minimum fresh air volume required for breathing. Utility Model Content

[0004] In order to solve the technical problem that existing technologies cannot simultaneously meet the requirements of fire prevention, explosion resistance, and prevention of intrusion of toxic and flammable gases, this utility model provides a skid-mounted refuge.

[0005] The skid-mounted refuge provided by this utility model includes interconnected functional rooms, a normal gas supply system, and an emergency gas supply system. The interconnected functional rooms include a refuge room, an isolation anteroom, an equipment room, and a gas cylinder room. The normal gas supply system includes a fresh air riser and a fresh air unit. The emergency gas supply system includes an air compressor, compressed gas cylinders, and a pressure reducing valve assembly. The gas cylinder room is independent of the refuge room, the isolation anteroom, and the equipment room. The isolation anteroom and the equipment room are each isolated from or connected to the refuge room through internal doors. One end of the refuge room is connected to the normal gas supply system through a normal air outlet, and the other end is connected to the emergency gas supply system through an emergency air outlet. The normal gas supply system and the emergency gas supply system each supply gas to the refuge room independently.

[0006] The normal air supply outlet is located in the refuge room and is connected to the normal air supply duct. The normal air supply duct is installed on the outer wall and connected to the explosion-proof valve installed on the outside of the outer wall. The explosion-proof valve is connected to the fresh air unit through the first outdoor air duct. The fresh air unit is connected to the fresh air riser through the second outdoor air duct. The fresh air riser is open to the atmosphere.

[0007] The emergency air supply outlet is located in the refuge room and is connected to a compressed air cylinder located in the gas cylinder room via a pipe equipped with a pressure reducing valve assembly. The compressed air cylinder is connected to an air compressor located in the equipment room via a pipe. The air compressor is connected to an air intake pipe located on the exterior wall. The pressure reducing valve assembly is located in the equipment room.

[0008] The refuge room is equipped with an air conditioner, control cabinet, carbon dioxide concentration detector, oxygen concentration detector, temperature and humidity transmitter, and differential pressure sensor to measure the air pressure difference between the inside of the refuge room and the outside of the outer wall. An explosion-proof door is installed at the junction of the isolation anteroom and the outer wall, and an inner door is installed at the junction of the inner wall and the refuge room. The explosion-proof door and the inner door are equipped with an interlocking device to ensure that the two doors cannot be opened at the same time. An inner door is also installed at the junction of the equipment room and the refuge room, and an explosion-proof door is also installed at the junction of the gas cylinder room and the outer wall.

[0009] Fire dampers and airtight valves can also be installed on the inner side of the normal air supply duct near the outer wall. The actuator of the airtight valve can be pneumatic or electric.

[0010] The fresh air unit can also be equipped with a chemical filtration and adsorption section for adsorbing and treating toxic and harmful gases outdoors. The chemical filtration and adsorption section can also be installed on the first outdoor air duct.

[0011] The fresh air riser can be installed vertically on an outdoor platform or fixedly on the outside of an exterior wall. The height of the fresh air riser is not fixed, but it is usually 1 meter higher than the highest point of the skid-mounted refuge or 1 meter higher than the highest point of the explosion hazard zone. Toxic gas concentration detectors, combustible gas concentration detectors, and smoke detectors can also be installed on or near the fresh air riser or the second outdoor air duct.

[0012] A pressure measuring device may also be installed on the compressed gas cylinder or on the pipeline between the compressed gas cylinder and the pressure reducing valve assembly. There may be one or more compressed gas cylinders, and their total gas storage capacity must meet the requirement of a continuous gas supply time of not less than 1 hour.

[0013] The air supply capacity of the fresh air unit or compressed air cylinder simultaneously meets the minimum fresh air volume requirements for maintaining a positive pressure of 25Pa to 50Pa in the refuge room and for a maximum of 9 people to evacuate.

[0014] The exterior wall is an explosion-proof sandwich profiled steel plate structure, and the sandwich insulation material is a non-combustible A1 grade insulation material.

[0015] This utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0016] 1) An isolation anteroom is set up to effectively prevent flammable and toxic gases from the outside from entering the refuge room when people are taking refuge;

[0017] 2) Set up normal fresh air and emergency air supply systems to ensure positive pressure indoors under both normal and emergency conditions, thus ensuring the safety of indoor personnel;

[0018] 3) It simultaneously meets the requirements of resisting external explosions and preventing poisoning.

[0019] This utility model's skid-mounted refuge has both anti-toxic and anti-explosion functions, and can continuously maintain positive pressure inside the refuge under normal and emergency conditions to ensure the personal safety of the personnel inside; it is mainly used for refuges set up in petrochemical production areas. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a planar structure of the skid-mounted refuge of this utility model;

[0021] In the diagram: 1-Refuge room, 2-Isolation anteroom, 3-Equipment room, 4-Gas cylinder room, 5-Fresh air riser, 6-Fresh air handling unit, 7-Explosion-proof valve, 8-Air compressor, 9-Compressed gas cylinder, 10-Pressure reducing valve assembly, 11-Air conditioner, 12-Exterior wall, 13-Interior wall, 14-Outdoor platform, 15-Control cabinet, 101-Carbon dioxide concentration detector, 102-Oxygen concentration detector, 103-Temperature and humidity transmitter, 104-Normal air supply outlet, 105-Sealing valve 106-Fire damper, 107-Normal air supply duct, 108-Second outdoor air duct, 109-Toxic gas concentration detector, 110-Combustible gas concentration detector, 111-Smoke detector, 112-First outdoor air duct, 113-Suction duct, 114-Pipe, 115-Pipe, 116-Emergency air supply outlet, 117-Safety valve, 118-Differential pressure sensor, 201-Explosion-proof door, 202-Explosion-proof door, 301-Inner door, 302-Inner door. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a skid-mounted refuge according to the present invention. It includes interconnected functional rooms, a normal air supply system, and an emergency air supply system. The interconnected functional rooms include a refuge room 1, an isolation anteroom 2, an equipment room 3, and a gas cylinder room 4. The normal air supply system includes a fresh air riser 5 and a fresh air unit 6. The emergency air supply system includes an air compressor 8, compressed gas cylinders 9, and a pressure reducing valve assembly 10. The gas cylinder room 4 is independent of the refuge room 1, the isolation anteroom 2, and the equipment room 3. The isolation anteroom 2 and the equipment room 3 are isolated from or connected to the refuge room 1 through inner doors 301 and 302, respectively. One end of the refuge room 1 is connected to the normal air supply system through a normal air outlet 104, and the other end is connected to the emergency air supply system through an emergency air outlet 116. The normal air supply system and the emergency air supply system each supply air to the refuge room 1 independently.

[0023] Normal air supply outlet 104 is located inside refuge room 1 and connected to normal air supply duct 107. Normal air supply duct 107 is installed on exterior wall 12 and connected to explosion-proof valve 7 located on the outside of exterior wall 12. Explosion-proof valve 7 is connected to fresh air unit 6 through first outdoor air duct 112. Fresh air unit 6 is connected to fresh air riser 5 through second outdoor air duct 108. Fresh air riser 5 is open to the atmosphere. Fire damper 106 and airtight valve 105 are installed on the inner side of normal air supply duct 107 near exterior wall 12. Fresh air unit 6 is also equipped with a chemical filter section for adsorbing and treating toxic and harmful gases from outside. Fresh air riser 5 is vertically installed on outdoor platform 14. Toxic gas concentration detector 109, combustible gas concentration detector 110, and smoke detector 111 are installed on second outdoor air duct 108.

[0024] An emergency air supply outlet 116 is located in refuge room 1 and is connected to compressed gas cylinder 9 in gas cylinder room 4 via pipe 115 equipped with pressure reducing valve assembly 10. Compressed gas cylinder 9 is connected to air compressor 8 in equipment room 3 via pipe 114. Air compressor 8 is connected to suction pipe 113 on exterior wall 12. Pressure reducing valve assembly 10 is located in equipment room 3. A pressure measuring device safety valve 117 is installed on compressed gas cylinder 9. There is one compressed gas cylinder.

[0025] Refuge room 1 is equipped with an air conditioner 11, a control cabinet 15, a carbon dioxide concentration detector 101, an oxygen concentration detector 102, a temperature and humidity transmitter 103, and a differential pressure sensor 118. An explosion-proof door 201 is installed at the junction of the isolation anteroom 2 and the outer wall 12, and an inner door 301 is installed at the junction of the inner wall 13 and the refuge room. The explosion-proof door 201 and the inner door 301 are interlocked to ensure that the two doors cannot be opened simultaneously. An inner door 302 is installed at the junction of the equipment room 3 and the refuge room 1, and an explosion-proof door 202 is installed at the junction of the gas cylinder room 4 and the outer wall 12. The outer wall 12 is an explosion-proof sandwich profiled steel plate structure, and the sandwich insulation material is a non-combustible A1-grade insulation material, typically using rock wool, centrifugal glass wool, slag wool, water-repellent expanded perlite, or aluminum silicate wool.

[0026] The method of using this skid-mounted refuge is as follows:

[0027] In normal operation mode, the fresh air unit 6, fire damper 106, and airtight valve 105 are activated via control cabinet 15. Outdoor fresh air is supplied to refuge room 1 through fresh air riser 5 and processed by fresh air unit 6 before being delivered through normal air outlet 104, thereby ensuring positive pressure in refuge room 1 and meeting the minimum fresh air requirements of the occupants. In this mode, air compressor 8 is in standby mode. When safety valve 117 detects that compressed gas cylinder 9 is below the minimum storage pressure, air compressor 8 is activated until the storage pressure of compressed gas cylinder 9 reaches the design value. In normal operation mode, air conditioner 11 operates normally, thereby ensuring that the comfort requirements of the occupants in refuge room 1 are maintained.

[0028] When the toxic gas concentration detector 109 or the combustible gas concentration detector 110 issues a high concentration alarm, or the smoke detector 111 issues an alarm, the ventilation and air conditioning system of the refuge room 1 switches to the internal circulation mode. At this time, the control cabinet 15 issues a command to shut down the fresh air unit 6, the fire damper 106 and the airtight valve 105, and open the pressure reducing valve group 10. The high-pressure air in the compressed gas cylinder 9 is reduced in pressure through the pressure reducing valve group 10 and then sent into the refuge room 1 through the emergency air supply port 116, thereby ensuring the positive pressure of the refuge room 1 and the minimum fresh air requirement of the people in the room. In this operating mode, the air compressor 8 is in the off state, and the air conditioner 11 is in the off or running state.

[0029] When the toxic gas concentration detector 109 or the combustible gas concentration detector 110 issues a high-high concentration alarm, the ventilation and air conditioning system of refuge room 1 switches to the shutdown mode. At this time, the control cabinet 15 issues an instruction to shut down the fresh air unit 6, the air conditioner 11, the air compressor 8, the fire damper 106 and the airtight valve 105, and opens the pressure reducing valve group 10. The high-pressure air in the compressed gas cylinder 9 is reduced in pressure through the pressure reducing valve group 10 and then sent into refuge room 1 through the emergency air supply port 116, thereby ensuring the positive pressure of refuge room 1 and the minimum fresh air demand of the people in the room.

[0030] Carbon dioxide concentration detector 101, oxygen concentration detector 102, temperature and humidity transmitter 103 and differential pressure sensor 118 are used to monitor the carbon dioxide concentration, oxygen concentration, temperature and positive pressure value in refuge room 1, respectively.

[0031] In the description of this utility model, the terms "inner", "outer", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "top", "bottom", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and do not require that this utility model must be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.

Claims

1. A skid-mounted refuge, characterized in that: It includes interconnected functional rooms, a normal gas supply system, and an emergency gas supply system. The interconnected functional rooms include a refuge room, an isolation anteroom, an equipment room, and a gas cylinder room. The normal gas supply system includes fresh air risers and fresh air units. The emergency gas supply system includes air compressors, compressed gas cylinders, and pressure reducing valve assemblies. The gas cylinder room is independent of the refuge room, isolation anteroom, and equipment room. The isolation anteroom and equipment room are each isolated from or connected to the refuge room through internal doors. One end of the refuge room is connected to the normal gas supply system through a normal air outlet, and the other end is connected to the emergency gas supply system through an emergency air outlet. The normal gas supply system and the emergency gas supply system each supply gas to the refuge room independently.

2. The skid-mounted refuge according to claim 1, characterized in that: The normal air supply outlet is located in the refuge room and is connected to the normal air supply duct. The normal air supply duct is installed on the outer wall and connected to the explosion-proof valve installed on the outside of the outer wall. The explosion-proof valve is connected to the fresh air unit through the first outdoor air duct. The fresh air unit is connected to the fresh air riser through the second outdoor air duct. The fresh air riser is open to the atmosphere.

3. The skid-mounted refuge according to claim 1, characterized in that: The emergency air supply outlet is located in the refuge room and is connected to a compressed air cylinder located in the gas cylinder room via a pipe equipped with a pressure reducing valve assembly. The compressed air cylinder is connected to an air compressor located in the equipment room via a pipe. The air compressor is connected to an air intake pipe located on the exterior wall. The pressure reducing valve assembly is located in the equipment room.

4. The skid-mounted refuge according to claim 1, characterized in that: The refuge room is equipped with an air conditioner, control cabinet, carbon dioxide concentration detector, oxygen concentration detector, temperature and humidity transmitter, and differential pressure sensor to measure the air pressure difference between the inside of the refuge room and the outside of the outer wall. An explosion-proof door is installed at the junction of the isolation anteroom and the outer wall, and an inner door is installed at the junction of the inner wall and the refuge room. The explosion-proof door and the inner door are equipped with an interlocking device to ensure that the two doors cannot be opened at the same time. An inner door is installed at the junction of the equipment room and the refuge room, and an explosion-proof door is installed at the junction of the gas cylinder room and the outer wall.

5. The skid-mounted refuge according to claim 2, characterized in that: Fire dampers and airtight valves are also installed on the inner side of the normal air supply duct near the outer wall.

6. The skid-mounted refuge according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fresh air unit is also equipped with a chemical filtration and adsorption section for adsorbing and treating toxic and harmful gases from outdoors.

7. The skid-mounted refuge according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fresh air riser is installed vertically on the outdoor platform or fixedly installed on the outside of the exterior wall; the height of the fresh air riser is 1m higher than the highest point of the skid-mounted refuge, or 1m higher than the highest point of the explosion hazard zone.

8. The skid-mounted refuge according to claim 2, characterized in that: Toxic gas concentration detectors, combustible gas concentration detectors, and smoke detectors are also installed on or near the fresh air riser or the second outdoor air duct.

9. The skid-mounted refuge according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: A pressure measuring device is also installed on the compressed gas cylinder or on the pipeline between the compressed gas cylinder and the pressure reducing valve assembly.

10. The skid-mounted refuge according to claim 1, characterized in that: The total gas storage capacity of the compressed gas cylinder meets the requirement of continuous gas supply time of not less than 1 hour, and the gas supply capacity of the fresh air unit or compressed gas cylinder simultaneously meets the minimum fresh air volume requirements for maintaining a positive pressure of 25Pa to 50Pa in the refuge room and for a maximum of 9 people to evacuate.

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